Homebuyers have a variety of financing options to consider. If you’re a current homeowner, a bridge loan and a home equity line of credit (HELOC) are two possible choices that let you use the equity in your home to finance your next home purchase.
But there are key distinctions in how these funds can be used, as well as pros and cons for each. Let’s take a closer look at how bridge loans and HELOCs compare.
What Is a Bridge Loan?
Bridge loans, sometimes referred to as swing loans, interim financing, or gap financing, are a short-term, lump-sum financing option that’s typically used to purchase a new home before the sale of an existing property.
If you’re figuring out how to buy and sell a house at the same time, coming up with a down payment on the new house when you haven’t yet received payment for your current house can be challenging. This is when a bridge loan could come in handy — by filling the gap in funding so you can secure your new home without having to make a sale-contingent offer or feel pressured to accept a low bid on your current home.
Borrowers typically approach bridge loans in one of two ways: A common scenario involves using a bridge loan to cover just the down payment and closing costs on a new home. Alternatively, borrowers can apply for a larger bridge loan — potentially up to 80 percent of the value of both properties. With this second approach, borrowers pay off the entire mortgage on their current home and apply the remaining funds toward closing on their new home.
When comparing a bridge loan vs. a HELOC, note that both financing options are often secured using an existing home as collateral. An important difference is that bridge loans aren’t meant to be used for long-term financing, as they come with relatively higher interest rates and loan terms between six months and a couple years.
What Is a Home Equity Line of Credit?
A home equity line of credit, or HELOC, is a type of financing that leverages home equity to fund a variety of expenses. Borrowers can typically take out between 75% to 85% of their home equity — the value of their home minus the mortgage balance — with a HELOC.
A HELOC works much like a credit card, providing a revolving line of credit that can be drawn upon as needed. However, a HELOC offers lower interest rates than a credit card since it’s secured by an existing property.
When you consider a HELOC, there are two phases to keep in mind: the draw period and the repayment period. During the draw period, which often spans 10 years, borrowers can access available funds as needed while only having to pay interest on the amount that’s withdrawn.
Once the draw period ends, funds can no longer be withdrawn and the repayment period kicks in. Borrowers will need to make regular payments on the principal, plus interest, until the balance is paid off. On a HELOC with a 10-year draw period, borrowers can expect to have a 20-year repayment period. This extended repayment time frame is a notable distinction between a bridge loan vs. a HELOC.
You may have heard about a home equity loan, which also uses your home as collateral. When comparing a HELOC vs. a home equity loan, some key differences are that with the latter, funds are disbursed immediately as a lump sum and repayment begins right away. If you’re weighing a bridge loan vs. home equity loan, note that home equity loans usually have fixed interest rates and terms ranging from five to 30 years.
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Pros and Cons of Each Financing Option
Both bridge loans and HELOCs can provide quick and flexible financing. But each comes with its advantages and drawbacks.
Pros
Here’s a look at the benefits for each financing option.
Bridge Loan:
• Quick access to funds for time-sensitive transactions
• Avoids the need to make a sale-contingent offer on a new home
• Could help buyers put 20% down and avoid private mortgage insurance
• Faster processing than conventional mortgages
• Often begin with more affordable, interest-only payments
HELOC:
• Flexibility to draw on credit line whenever you need it
• Lower interest rates than bridge loans
• Interest is only charged on the funds you withdraw
• Longer repayment period than bridge loans
• Interest can be claimed as an itemized tax deduction if used for home improvements. (This tax benefit is slated to expire after 2025.)
Cons
Here are some potential disadvantages to consider when comparing a bridge loan vs. a home equity line of credit.
Bridge Loan:
• Higher interest rate than other second mortgage options
• Shorter repayment period than a HELOC
• Often requires borrowers to also use the lender for their new home mortgage
• Puts home at risk of foreclosure for missed payments
• Limited borrower protections if sale of old home falls through
HELOC:
• Typically have variable interest rates that are subject to change over the repayment period
• Risk of running up balance quickly
• Potential for large jump in payment amount when moving from the draw to the repayment period
• Uses a home as collateral like a bridge loan
• May include prepayment penalties for paying off the balance early
Is a Bridge Loan or HELOC Better for You?
It’s important to consider what you’ll be using financing for and your ability to repay the money you borrow when deciding whether a HELOC vs. bridge loan is a better bet. Situations that require funds over a longer period of time, or at different times, could be a good fit for a HELOC. Home renovations are a popular use for HELOCs, since the costs and timeline may be subject to change as the project unfolds. Funds from a HELOC may be used for other expenses like medical bills, tuition, or making a down payment if the line of credit provides sufficient funds. Note that these expenses are not eligible for a tax deduction.
A bridge loan, by comparison, is ideal for borrowers looking to buy and sell a home at the same time. Since bridge loans often start with interest-only payments, they can be an affordable option if borrowers can sell their old home soon after buying a new one. If there’s a good chance that the original residence won’t be sold for an extended period, it might be more cost-efficient to go with a home equity line of credit vs. a bridge loan.
Standard Qualifications and Requirements
Before you consider borrowing against your home equity and putting your property on the line, look closely at the qualifications and requirements. Both bridge loans and HELOCs require that borrowers have at least 20% equity in their home. Lenders factor in your creditworthiness for either loan, too. For a bridge loan, borrowers typically need a minimum credit score of 700, though some lenders may allow borrowers with lower scores. While it’s possible to qualify for a HELOC with a credit score of 620, this comes at a higher interest rate.
Requirements on how the funds are spent differs between the financing types. A HELOC offers greater flexibility in how the funds are spent, whereas bridge loans may be limited to the purchase of a new home while selling an existing property.
Application Process
Early on in the home-buying process, you’ll want to look into applying for financing. For either a bridge loan or a HELOC, you’ll need to provide documentation of homeownership, proof of income, mortgage statements showing you’ve been making on-time payments, and information on any existing debts. With either form of financing, lenders may require a home appraisal to determine the property’s market value, which is the basis for the loan or line of credit amount.
The application and underwriting processes for a bridge loan and HELOC are usually quicker than conventional mortgages, making them an ideal choice if a homebuyer needs to act fast.
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The Takeaway
Both a bridge loan and a HELOC can provide quick access to financing to buy a home. There are pros and cons to each financing type, so it’s important to determine which works best for your financial situation. Remember that both financing options use your current home as collateral, meaning that lenders can foreclose on your house if you fall behind on payments.
SoFi now offers flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 95% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively low rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.
FAQ
Can you pay off bridge loans and HELOCs early?
Yes, both types of financing can be paid off early. Note that some lenders may charge prepayment fees if you pay off a HELOC within the first few years of the repayment period.
What is the average interest rate on a bridge loan?
The interest rates on bridge loans are generally 2% higher than prime mortgage rates.
What happens if you take out a HELOC, but don’t use it?
You may have to pay an inactivity fee if you open a HELOC and don’t use it. Minimal withdrawal requirements are typically outlined in your HELOC contract.
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