Differences Between VantageScore and FICO Credit Scores

Differences Between VantageScore and FICO Credit Scores

Your credit score affects your financial future, so it’s important to know where your score comes from and the different ways it can be calculated. Most important, you should know that the score you’re seeing may not be the score your lender is seeing. Why is this, and what can you do about it?

Two major companies are responsible for billions of credit scores (this is no hyperbole) provided to lenders and consumers: FICO® and VantageScore® Solutions. The difference between VantageScore vs. FICO credit scores is subtle, reflecting each company’s special calculation.

We’ll explain what goes into score calculations. We’ll also tell you where to find your score, how to use it, and which score lenders use in their decisions.

Key Points

•   VantageScore and FICO are major credit scoring models with different factors and weightings.

•   FICO scores dominate lending decisions, though some lenders — especially credit card issuers — use VantageScores.

•   FICO and VantageScore each calculate your score in a different way.

•   FICO emphasizes payment history and amounts owed; VantageScore focuses on payment history and credit utilization.

•   Free credit scores available via banks, credit unions, and finance apps, not free credit reports.

Why Credit Scores Are Important

Before we get into score calculation, let’s review why credit scores are so important. When you need to borrow money, you want to do it as cheaply as possible. This means you want a great interest rate and terms that help you repay your debt as efficiently as possible.

Generally speaking, the higher your credit score, the more likely you are to get the best interest rate and loan terms. Over the course of your life, a good credit score can save you a significant amount of money.

Knowing how to read a credit report and how your credit score is calculated can help you make moves to improve it. Take a look at how the two major players come up with your credit score.

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Recommended: What Is a Fair Credit Score?

What FICO Takes Into Account

The Fair Isaac Corporation, more commonly known as FICO, developed the FICO Score in 1989. Scores range from 300 to 850. The higher the number, the better your score.

FICO scores are calculated based on how a consumer handles debt and weighted according to the following categories:

•   Payment history: 35%

•   Amounts owed: 30%

•   Length of credit history: 15%

•   Credit mix: 10%

•   New credit: 10%

As you can see, FICO scores give the most weight to your payment history and amounts owed. FICO also considers your length of credit history, credit mix, and new credit.

FICO has multiple versions of their credit scoring models, much like software has multiple updates. FICO provides different scoring models to lenders that serve different needs. Credit card issuers, auto loan lenders, and mortgage originators may use different FICO scores to make lending decisions.

What’s calculated in a FICO vs. a VantageScore is subtly different.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a Car?

What VantageScore Takes Into Account

VantageScore was developed in 2006 by the three main credit bureaus: Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Scores range from 300 to 850, just like FICO scores. However, even though the scores are calculated on the same scale, a VantageScore will be different from a FICO Score. That’s because the factors, and how they’re weighted, are a little different. VantageScore is based on:

•   Payment history: 40%

•   Depth of credit: 21%

•   Credit utilization: 20%

•   Balances: 11%

•   Recent credit: 5%

•   Available credit: 3%

Naturally, this results in a different score. Since many lenders use FICO Score and consumers often see VantageScores, some lending decisions can take consumers by surprise.

The most common VantageScore versions are VantageScore 3.0 and 4.0. (A new model, VantageScore 4plus™, was announced in May 2024.) While most lenders use your FICO Score when making lending decisions, some lenders — particularly credit card issuers — use VantageScore.

VantageScore vs FICO: The Differences

The major differences between VantageScore and FICO Score are outlined in the table below. These include the amount of time you have to shop for a loan, the number of categories factored into a score calculation, differences in weighted categories, and length of credit history.

FICO

VantageScore

Shopping Window 45 days 14 days
Categories 5 6
Weighting Amounts owed weighted more Payment history weighted more

Who Tends to Use VantageScore?

Some banks and credit card issuers supply VantageScores to their customers for free. Scores are provided largely for consumer education, meaning to help people understand what factors affect their credit score, rather than for lending decisions.

Consumers who want to purchase a credit score will find Equifax and TransUnion both advertise a credit monitoring service that uses VantageScore 3.0 as their model. If you’re comparing Transunion VantageScore vs. FICO, you’ll see that Experian sells a FICO score 8 model.

Who Tends to Use FICO?

FICO claims that FICO Scores are used in 90% of lending decisions. Consumers who visit the Experian website will see that the credit score monitoring service it offers uses the FICO Score 8 model. You can also purchase your FICO Score directly from FICO.

FICO and VantageScore credit scores are used by a variety of sources to consider your credit history and credit score. These can include lenders, landlords, employers, and insurance companies. (Read more about how credit checks for employment work.)

It’s also possible to get a tri-merge credit report, which combines data from the three credit bureaus in one report.

Which Credit Score Costs the Least to Check?

Many people don’t know how to find out their credit score for free. While you are entitled to a free credit report each year from AnnualCreditReport.com, that report won’t include a credit score.

Here are some ways you can find your credit score without having to pay for it:

1.    Bank or credit union. Many financial institutions provide credit scores to their members. The score is often found by accessing online accounts.

2.    Credit card issuer. Many credit card issuers provide credit scores to their customers.

3.    Finance apps. A money tracker app or a similar business provides credit scores to their users.

By the way, pulling your credit report and checking your own score don’t negatively affect your credit score. Learn more about soft credit inquiries vs. hard credit inquiries.

The Takeaway

The two main credit score companies are FICO Score and VantageScore. Each company calculates your score in a slightly different way. Checking your credit is a great way to stay on top of your financial health. Although you may not know exactly which credit score your lender uses to make decisions, you can get a pretty good idea of your range.

A number of businesses can provide your credit score free of charge, including banks and credit unions, credit card issuers, and finance apps. Obtaining a credit score from either FICO or VantageScore can help you identify your strengths and the areas where you need to improve.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Does TransUnion use FICO or Vantage?

TransUnion uses the VantageScore 3.0 model.

Which is more accurate: VantageScore or FICO?

Both VantageScore and FICO Score are used to make lending decisions, so the score that is most accurate is the one your lender is planning to use. According to FICO, 90% of top lending institutions use their score to make lending decisions.

Which credit score is better: FICO or TransUnion?

TransUnion provides credit scores from the VantageScore 3.0 model. Both FICO and VantageScore can provide insights into a consumer’s behavior with credit.


Photo credit: iStock/nattanapong

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Stop Automatic Payments on Your Debit Card

Automatic payments from your bank account can be a convenient way to pay your bills and subscription charges on time. But the day may come when you need to know how to stop automatic payments on a debit card. This could involve changing your account settings, revoking authorization, or contacting your bank.

Canceling your automatic payments with certain vendors and financial institutions can occasionally be a hassle. And sometimes, if you’re not paying attention, months can go by without you realizing that recurring fees are still being deducted from your account.

Here, you’ll learn four effective ways to stop automatic payments when the time comes to do so.

Key Points

•   Automatic payments can be convenient for managing bills, but they may lead to unintended charges and difficulty in cancellation if not monitored closely.

•   Users can typically stop automatic payments by adjusting settings in their online accounts, often found in the billing section.

•   Revocation of payment authorization may require direct contact with the service provider, sometimes necessitating a specific form to be filled out and sent back.

•   Contacting the bank directly can facilitate stopping automatic payments, with some banks requiring a formal letter or providing a revocation form.

•   Regularly checking bank accounts is essential to confirm that automatic payments have been successfully canceled and to identify any unauthorized charges.

4 Ways to Stop Automatic Payments

If you’re someone who tends to forget to pay bills in a timely manner, automatic payments attached to your debit card can be a financial lifesaver.

Automatic transfers or ACHs (automatic clearing house) can transfer money from your checking account on a specific date to a business, without any checks being written or credit card interest charges being incurred. This method can be used to cover a myriad of life’s expenses, including the cost of a gym membership, cell phone bills, and your favorite streaming services.

But there are some downsides to automatic payments being applied via your debit card. Maybe you accidentally signed up for recurring payments? Perhaps that monthly shipment of protein shakes was initially exciting, but now you’re sick of drinking strawberry-flavored liquids for lunch. Nobody wants to get stuck paying for something they don’t want.

If you want to keep autopay withdrawals from happening, you’ll need to know how to stop recurring debit card payments. Failure to do so can result in a drain on your bank account, and your sanity.

Federal law grants you the right to cancel an automatic debit card payment, or stop ACH payments, even if you previously permitted them. There are generally no fees or penalties for canceling an automatic payment preference.

Here are 4 tips on how to cancel an automatic payment.

1. Turning Off Automatic Payments in Your Account

These days, most utility companies and vendors invite you to automate your finances. When you create an online account, they will encourage you to sign up for automatic payments. This makes it more likely that they will receive your money in a timely fashion and it may allow them to cut down on monthly billing efforts. It also can make it easier for you to stop an automatic payment.

Your automatic payments can usually be set up and terminated simply by switching an option in your settings. Sign in with your username and password and select “opt out of automatic payments” in your personal account. This action is typically performed in the “billing and payment” section in the site menu. If you need help, a customer service representative can often guide you via online chat or over the phone.

Once you’ve turned off your automatic payment feature, it might be wise to document the event. Take a picture of a confirmation message and note the date.

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2. Revoking Authorization from Companies

If you can’t turn off your autopay option through an online account, you may have to contact the company directly and revoke the automatic payment authorization. Some vendors will email or mail you what’s known as a “Revoke Authorization” form.

Once you’ve received the Revocation of Authorization form, fill it out, and keep a copy for yourself before emailing or mailing it back. That way, if the automatic payment charges continue, you’ll have evidence of cancellation to show to your banking institution.

3. Calling Your Bank or Credit Union

Another way to stop automatic payments from your debit card is to contact your bank directly. They may ask you to pen a letter to formally revoke authorization, stating that the company and dollar amount is no longer allowed to be electronically debited from your checking account.

Your bank may also have a Revoking Authorization form you can fill out online or in person. Once the form has been processed, any further attempt by the company to withdraw funds can be dealt with by your bank.

4. Issuing a Stop Payment Order

Instead of filing a form to revoke authorization, you could issue a stop payment order. A stop payment order gives your bank or credit union permission to block a company or vendor from taking money from your account. This process could be done over the phone, in an email, or in person. Some banks may charge a fee for this service.

Keeping an Eye On Your Bank Account

It is possible, even after taking actions to cancel your automatic payments, that you may still see funds being withdrawn from your bank account. While this is frustrating, you may have to contact the vendor or your bank a second time. It’s a good idea to frequently check your bank account to be sure the automatic payments have stopped. Regular check-ins can be part of managing your checking account in a big-picture way too.

Dealing with Unauthorized Automatic Payments

Paying attention to your bank account can also help keep your online accounts safe. Your bank may even alert you to fraudulent charges — automatic payments being made without your consent for things you never signed up for.

Should You Consider Closing a Bank Account?

It’s good to know how to cancel all automatic payments that seem suspicious. One surefire way to avoid recurring fraudulent charges is to close your bank account completely. But this is a drastic measure that could cost you more time and fees.

Instead, contact your bank or credit union. In many cases, they will credit you for the false debit, block the vendor from making future attempts, and suggest further security measures.

Recommended: How to Switch Banks

Should You Cancel Your Debit Card?

If a company keeps making erroneous or unauthorized automatic payments, one way to put a stop to it is to cancel your debit card and receive a new one. In the cases of fraudulent charges by an unknown vendor, your bank will strongly suggest this in order to protect you.

Knowing When to Give Bank Authorization

In order to effectively stop an automatic payment before it happens, be sure and issue the Revoke Authorization form or stop payment order at least three business days before the automatic payment is due, to give your bank time to process the request.

Remember, stopping an automatic payment doesn’t mean you don’t owe money for products received or services rendered. You’ll have to cancel the service agreement completely, or be on top of paying what you owe by the due date through online payments, mailing a check, or other arrangements.]

The Takeaway

Automatic payments from your checking account are a simple and popular way to pay what you owe on time. They can help you avoid late fees and a trip to the mailbox. If you have an online account, you can discontinue an auto payment with only a few clicks. In most cases contacting the company or vendor directly can also get the job done, or you can ask your bank for help. No one can force you to continue automatic payments against your will, and the control of your bank account is in your hands.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How much does it cost to stop an automatic payment?

There are typically no fees when you stop an automatic payment option in your online account or if you do so by contacting a vendor directly. However, a bank might charge a processing fee for issuing a stop payment request.

What happens if you close a bank account with automatic payments?

If you close a bank account, companies and vendors will no longer be able to automatically deduct monthly payments tied to that account. You will have to make other arrangements to pay what you owe or discontinue any service agreements.

Will getting a new debit card stop recurring payments?

Yes. A new debit card comes with a new number. You will have to contact companies with your new card information to continue automatic payments.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Does a Non-Purpose Loan Work?

A non-purpose loan is an alternative type of loan that allows individuals to use investment securities they own as collateral to borrow money. With a non-purpose loan, borrowers can get access to the funds they need and continue to earn potential returns on their investments. However, non-purpose loans come with some financial risks to be aware of.

Read on to learn how non-purpose loans work and their benefits and drawbacks.

Key Points

•   Non-purpose loans are unconventional loans that use investment securities as collateral.

•   Borrowers get access to loan funds and can still continue to earn returns on their investments.

•   These loans can be used for almost any purpose except purchasing securities.

•   A borrower may need investment assets with a market value of at least $100,000 to qualify for a non-purpose loan.

•   If the value of the collateral investments drops, you may have to add more funds to your account or partially repay the loan.

What Is a Non-Purpose Loan?

A non-purpose loan — also known as a securities-backed line of credit (SBLOC) — is a type of secured loan offered by some financial institutions and brokerage firms. Instead of using collateral such as a home or car to back the loan, a borrower uses securities in their investment portfolio.

Interest rates on non-purpose loans tend to be variable, and they may be slightly higher than the rates on personal loans. (A personal loan calculator can help you determine the personal loan rate you might qualify for.) The borrower must make interest-only monthly payments on a non-purpose loan until you decide to pay it off. The loan’s principal can be repaid in increments or all at once.

The Way a Non-Purpose Loan Works

With a non-purpose loan, you borrow money using your investments to back the loan, and you continue to earn any interest, dividends, and capital appreciation on those investments.

The amount you can borrow with a non-purpose loan varies, although you can typically borrow between 50% to 95% of your portfolio. The exact percentage depends on two main factors: the types of assets in your accounts and the value of your portfolio. Lender requirements may also be a determining factor. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender may require you to have assets with a market value of at least $100,000.

Unlike traditional lending products such as personal loans, non-purpose loans are subject to maintenance calls. That means if the value of your investment accounts falls below a certain level, the brokerage or financial institution will ask you to boost the equity in your investments to meet the margin requirements.

In the case of a maintenance call, you’ll need to increase your accounts’ value by either depositing more money in them or partially repaying the loan.

Non-Purpose Loan vs Margin Loan

A margin loan is another type of lending product that’s backed by a borrower’s investment securities. Like a non-purpose loan, a margin loan allows you to borrow against the investments in your portfolio while continuing to earn any dividends and interest. Margin loans are subject to maintenance calls just as non-purpose loans are.

However, there are differences between the two. A margin loan is typically used for the sole purpose of purchasing more securities. A non-purpose loan, on the other hand, can be used for virtually anything other than purchasing securities. To obtain a margin loan you can only use the investments in one account as collateral, whereas you can get a non-purpose loan by using investments in several accounts.

Pros and Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have distinct benefits and drawbacks. For example, these loans are flexible and can be used for many purposes, but they often require borrowers to have investment accounts with a high value.

This chart gives an at-a-glance comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of non-purpose loans.

Pros of a Non-Purpose Loan

Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

May not involve a credit check High asset value may be required
Allows borrowers to earn returns on investments Typically has variable interest rates
You don’t have to sell investments to secure the loan so you avoid capital gains tax. Subject to maintenance calls
Can be used to finance almost anything Can’t be used for purchasing investments

Pros of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have several features that can make them attractive to borrowers.

May not require a credit check. Unlike traditional loans such as unsecured personal loans, a non-purpose loan might not involve a credit check. Instead, the lender may base the amount of the loan on the value of your portfolio.

Allows investment returns. Borrowers don’t have to sell their securities to obtain a non-purpose loan. They can continue to get possible returns on investments.

May avoid capital gains tax. Because you don’t have to sell securities to get a non-purpose loan, you won’t have to pay capital gains tax.

Provides flexibility. With a non-purpose loan, you can use the proceeds in almost any way you wish. For instance, you can use the money to pay off medical expenses, tide you over during a job loss, or for home improvement funds.

Recommended: Using a Personal Loan for Taxes

Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Along with possible benefits, there are some significant drawbacks of non-purpose loans to consider.

High asset value requirements. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender typically requires you to have assets with a high minimum value of at least $100,000.

Variable interest rates. Non-purpose loans generally have variable interest rates, which means the rates can go up and down throughout the life of the loan. You may want to check personal loan rates to compare the interest rates of other lending options.

Subject to maintenance calls. The investments that serve as your collateral for a non-purpose loan are prone to market volatility, so you could be impacted financially. For instance, should the value of your securities go down, the value of your portfolio may no longer meet the collateral requirements for the loan, prompting a maintenance call. In that case, you might have to deposit money in your accounts or partially repay the loan.

Loan funds cannot be used for investing. Unlike margin loans, you can’t use the money from a non-purpose loan to purchase investment securities.

Recommended: How to Pay Tax on Personal Loans

The Takeaway

A non-purpose loan may be attractive to certain borrowers because it gives them the ability to use their investment securities as collateral while continuing to earn money on their investments. However, these loans tend to have high minimum balance requirements and variable interest rates, and they’re subject to maintenance calls, which could be financially challenging. Consider the potential pros and cons of a non-purpose loan to make sure it’s a good option for you.

You can also look into other lending products. While SoFi doesn’t offer non-purpose loans, we do offer personal loans with amounts ranging from $5,000 all the way up to large personal loans of $100,000. You can explore the different types of loans available, and shop around for the best rates, to decide which option is right fit for your borrowing needs.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What is the meaning of a non-purpose loan?

A non-purpose loan is an unconventional loan that allows you to use securities from different investment accounts as collateral for the loan. For some borrowers, the main advantage to this type of loan is that their investments stay intact, and they can potentially earn money from interest and dividends.

However, there are disadvantages to non-purpose loans. For instance, if the value of your investments drop, you may be required to add money to your accounts or repay part of the loan.

What is the difference between a purpose and a non-purpose loan?

A purpose loan uses investment securities as collateral and is typically used to buy more securities. A non-purpose loan is also backed by investment securities, but it can be used for almost any purpose, except for purchasing securities.

Is a non-purpose loan better than a purpose loan?

Non-purpose loans and purpose loans have different uses and requirements, and one isn’t necessarily better than the other. It mainly depends on what you’re using the loan for. A purpose loan is generally used for one specific purpose, typically to purchase securities. A non-purpose loan can be used for almost anything except purchasing securities. Only you can decide which type of loan is best for your intended use of the funds.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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How Long Do Closed Credit Accounts Stay on Your Credit Report?

You might think that if you close a loan or credit card account it will no longer affect your credit report, but they can actually stay on your credit report for up to 10 years. During this time period, these accounts can help or hurt your credit score, depending on a number of factors.

Here’s what you should know about closing loan and credit card accounts from your credit report.

Key Points

•   Closed credit accounts can stay on your credit report for up to 10 years, impacting your score.

•   On-time payments on closed accounts positively affect your credit history.

•   Late payments on closed accounts can negatively impact your credit history for seven to 10 years.

•   Closing accounts can affect your credit utilization rate and credit mix, influencing your credit score.

•   Removing closed accounts with poor payment history or fraudulent activity can build your credit profile.

How Closed Accounts Affect Your Credit

Closed credit accounts and loans can have varying effects on your credit, some positive and some negative, due to the factors that make up your credit rating. Here’s a closer look at three of those that are significant in this situation: your credit history, your credit utilization rate, and your credit mix.

Your Credit History

A closed account on which you made on-time payments will help your credit score by building your credit history. The effect will be less than if it were an open account, but it would be a positive factor nonetheless, since it shows that you can manage credit responsibly.
However, if you made late payments on an account that is now closed, the negative impact may linger in your credit history for seven years and up to 10 years if you file for bankruptcy.

Longevity is a factor on your credit report. Credit scoring systems reward borrowers with a longer history of managing debt and repayment. That means that if you close an account and seven years pass, you’ll lose any benefit of having had that account. It won’t make a significant change, but it is another factor to be aware of.

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Your Credit Utilization Rate

Part of your credit rating is based on how much debt or credit you already have. Creditors look at your credit utilization ratio, which is how much credit you have available to you versus how much you actually use. The best case scenario is to not use more than 10% of your accessible credit; otherwise, no more than 30% is a good move.

Two examples:

•   Say you have a $10,000 credit limit on your credit card, you might want to limit your balance to $1,000. That’s 10%.

•   Otherwise, keeping your balance to no more than $3,000 would be 30%, the upper end of what’s considered a good credit utilization ratio.

If you close a loan or a credit card account, that might reduce the amount of credit available to you, which will increase your utilization rate. If you open a credit card or take out a loan, that will increase the amount of credit available to you, thereby decreasing your utilization rate.

Your Credit Mix

Credit scoring systems, such as the FICO® Score and VantageScore® look at the types of loans you have and how you manage them. These systems reward a mix of loan types, such as installment loans (auto loans and mortgages), and revolving accounts such as credit cards. Eliminating a credit card account or other type of loan (such as when it is closed and eventually drops off your report) could limit your credit mix, and that could negatively impact your credit score. Worth noting though: Credit mix counts for 10% of your score vs. 35% for your payment history (meaning, how successfully you make payments on time).

Why Do Closed Accounts Stay on Your Credit Report?

Both closed and open accounts can contribute to your credit rating as they stay on your credit report. That’s because the credit agencies can gain a fuller picture of your risk as a borrower the more information they have.

Monitoring and understanding your credit report (perhaps with a credit score monitoring app; your bank may offer this) is an important part of your financial wellness.

When to Remove a Closed Account from Your Credit Report

If possible, remove a closed account from your credit report if it has a poor payment history. Also, remove any accounts that are found to be fraudulent. If an account shows that you made regular, on-time payments, don’t remove it because it will be helping your score.

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How to Remove a Closed Account from Your Credit Report

A few factors affect your credit score; one of which is your credit history. As noted above, your credit history shows the loans and credit cards you have obtained in the past seven to 10 years, along with your repayment patterns. Even closed accounts are part of that narrative for the stated period of time.

That said, there may be a way to remove a closed account from your credit report, which you might want to do if it is having a negative effect. Here are some options.

1. File a Dispute if There Is an Error on Your Credit Report

It might be that you notice a fraudulent account when you check your credit report. If that is the case, you can remove the record by submitting a dispute in writing with each of the three credit bureaus (Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion®). You must include supporting documents. The bureaus will investigate your complaint and update your credit score if there is fraudulent data.

2. Contact the Creditor and Pursue a Goodwill Deletion

Another way to remove a closed account from your credit report is to directly contact the creditor that’s involved and ask them to remove the account from your credit report. (This is sometimes known as a goodwill letter or goodwill request.) The creditor will have to contact the credit bureau(s) directly to do so. You will be more successful if you have a positive credit history and relationship with the creditor.

3. Wait It Out

In time, a closed account will no longer be reflected on your credit report, but it might take seven to 10 years. The good news is that the accounts that stay the longest are usually ones that you closed in good standing, and these will positively influence your credit score.

Recommended: Why Did My Credit Score Drop After a Dispute?

What Does “Account Closed” Mean on a Credit Report?

“Account closed” on your credit report indicates an account that is no longer active. There can be several reasons for an account being closed.

•   Perhaps it was an installment loan that you paid off.

•   You might have opened a credit card account and then decided to close it (maybe you weren’t using it much).

•   The creditor closed it, which could be positive (you paid off a loan) or negative (you weren’t paying your bills in a timely manner).

These are typical scenarios that lead to seeing “account closed” on your credit report.

How Long Will a Paid-off Account Take to Show up on Your Report?

Lenders usually update the credit report agencies with closed account information at the end of a billing cycle. Thus, it could take one or two months before a paid-off account is reflected on your credit report.

How Long Does a Closed Account Stay on My Credit Report?

As noted above, how long closed accounts stay on your credit report can vary.

•  Accounts closed in good standing (paid on time and in full) can remain on your credit report for up to 10 years.

•  Accounts closed due to nonpayment (these include collection accounts, some bankruptcies, and debt settlement) remain on your credit reports for seven years from the first missed payment or from being turned over to collections. The exception is Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which usually stays on your credit report for 10 years.

Practice Good Credit Habits Going Forward

Here’s advice that can help you manage existing credit card and loan accounts well.

•  First, it’s always wise to take control of your budget. Whether you do that with the 50/30/20 budget rule or a financial tracking app, keeping on top of your income, your spending, and your saving can be a money-smart move.

•  Check your credit score regularly to make sure there is no fraudulent activity. You might aim for an annual review.

•  Extend your credit history as much as you can with accounts that are and have been in good standing. This means it’s probably in your best interest to occasionally use a credit card account and keep it in good shape vs. closing it because you don’t use it often. This can reduce your available credit and possibly lower your debt utilization ratio.

  One good idea can be to use a credit card for predictable expenses, such as streaming services, and set up automatic payments. That way, you will be paying a set amount each month and building a positive credit history.

These moves can help you keep your financial profile in good shape.

The Takeaway

Closed credit accounts will stay with you for a long time, seven to 10 years usually. Keep accounts that you have owned for a long time open and in good standing whenever possible. If you have fraudulent accounts on your credit history or ones that were not managed well, you might take steps to have them removed and possibly build your credit profile.
Keeping tabs on your credit score and your budget can be easy with the right tools, like those SoFi offers.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Can I get closed accounts removed from my credit report?

You can remove a closed account from your credit report if you suspect it is fraudulent by filing a dispute with the three credit bureaus. You can also contact a creditor directly and ask them to remove a closed account. However, they are under no obligation to comply with this kind of request for a “goodwill” deletion. Alternatively, you can wait for seven to 10 years, after which closed accounts will fall off your credit history.

What is the 609 loophole?

The 609 loophole is a tactic that some people think will remove bad debt history from their credit reports. A section of the Fair Credit Reporting Act states that you can write a letter to gain documentation on what you may believe is an incorrect entry in your credit history. The 609 letter theory is that if a credit bureau cannot produce a piece of information, such as the original signed copy of your credit application, they have to remove the disputed item because it’s unverifiable. However, these steps are not the same as a dispute. Also, if you have legitimate debt, even without this documentation, the debt may remain. In other words, this process is unlikely to provide a shortcut to building your credit.

How long before a debt is uncollectible?

At which point a debt can no longer be collectible varies based on the type of debt and the state you live in. It is often between three and six years, but it could be as long as 20 years. After the statute of limitations that applies, a debt collector can no longer sue you for repayment, though some might still try to collect.


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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Credit Card Statement Balance vs Current Balance

A credit card statement balance reflects your transactions (and the amount owed) during a billing cycle, while your current balance reveals your real-time activity and how much you may owe at a given moment.

When you buy with credit, it’s like taking out a short-term loan to make a purchase. If you’re putting charges on your credit card throughout the month, the value of that loan — your “current balance” — fluctuates. When your billing cycle ends and the amount due is tallied, that equals your statement balance.

Learn more about how these two numbers can differ, along with a few tips for paying down your credit cards.

Statement Balance vs Current Balance

Each credit card issuer may have a slightly different method of presenting and even calculating the numbers on your monthly statement, whether you get a hard copy or check it online or in your card’s app. Still, you will likely see one number called the statement balance and another called the current balance.

•   The statement balance means all transactions during a designated period, called a billing cycle. If a billing cycle covers one month and starts on the 15th of each month, this statement balance will include all of the activity on an account between, say, January 15 and February 15, in addition to any previously unpaid balances. Until the close of the next billing cycle, the statement balance will remain unchanged.

•   ‘Your current balance means the running total of all transactions on your account. It changes every time you swipe your card to pick up Chinese takeout or return a T-shirt that didn’t fit right.

To understand the interplay between the statement balance vs. the current balance, consider this example:

•   ‘On February 15, the statement balance is $1,000, meaning that the total charges between January 15 and February 15 add up to $1,000.

•   ‘Two days later, you make a $50 charge to the card. Your current balance will reflect $1,050 while the statement balance remains the same.

In this case, the current balance is higher than the statement balance. The reverse can also be true, and the current balance can potentially reflect a smaller number than the statement balance.

Recommended: Personal Loan vs Credit Cards

What to Know About Paying Off Your Credit Card

As each billing cycle closes, you will be provided with a statement balance. You will also likely be provided with a due date. At the time you make a payment, you may decide to pay off the statement balance, the current balance, the minimum payment, or some other amount of your choosing.

Paying the Statement Balance

If you regularly pay your statement balance in full, by its due date, you likely won’t be subject to any interest charges. Most credit card companies charge interest only on any amount of the statement balance that is not paid off in full.

The period between your statement date and the due date is called the grace period. During this period, you may not accumulate interest on any balances. It’s worth mentioning that not every credit card has a grace period. It’s also possible to lose a grace period by missing payments or making them late. If you have any questions about whether your card has a grace period, contact your credit card company.

Paying the Current Balance

If you’re using your credit card regularly, it is possible that you will use your card during the grace period. This will increase your current balance. At the time you make your payment, you will likely have the option to pay the full current balance.

If you have a grace period, paying the current balance is not necessary in order to avoid interest payments. But paying your current balance in full by the due date can have other benefits. For example, this move could improve your credit utilization ratio, which is factored into credit scores.

Paying the Minimum Monthly Payment

Next, you can pay just the minimum monthly payment. Generally, this is the lowest possible amount that you can pay each month while remaining in good standing with your credit card company — it is also the most expensive. Typically, the minimum payment will be an amount that covers the interest accrued during the billing cycle and some of the principal balance.

Making only the minimum payments is a slow and expensive way to pay down credit card debt. To understand how much you’re paying in interest, you can use a credit card interest calculator. Although minimum monthly payments are not a fast way to get rid of credit card debt, making them is important. Otherwise, you risk being dinged with late fees.

Missing or making a payment late can also have a negative impact on your credit score.So, if the minimum payment is all you can swing right now, it’s okay. Just try to avoid additional charges on your card.

Making a Payment of Your Choice

Your last option is to make payments that are larger than the minimum monthly payment but are not equal to the statement balance or the current balance. That’s okay, too. You’ll potentially be charged interest on remaining balances, but you’re likely getting closer to paying them off. Keep working on getting those balances lowered.

Recommended: Credit Card Closing Date vs Due Date

Your Credit Utilization Ratio

The balance you currently carry on your credit card can impact your credit utilization ratio. Credit utilization measures how much of your available credit you’re using at any given time.

This figure is one of a handful of measures that are used to determine your credit score — and it has a big impact. Credit utilization can make up 30% of your overall score, according to FICO® Score.

Not every credit card reports account balances to the consumer credit bureaus in the same way or on the same day. Also, the reported number is not necessarily the statement balance. It could be the current balance on your card, pulled at any time throughout the billing cycle. Again, it may be worth checking with your credit card issuer to find out more. If your issuer reports current balances instead of statement balances, asking them which day of the month they report on could be helpful.

Sometimes, the lower your credit card utilization is, the better your credit score. While you may feel in more control to know which day of the month that your credit balance is reported to the credit bureaus, it may be an even better move for your general financial health to practice maintaining low credit utilization all or most of the time.

If you are worried about your credit utilization rate being too high during any point throughout the month, you can make an additional payment. You don’t have to wait until your billing cycle due date to reduce the current balance on your card.

According to Experian®, one of the credit reporting agencies, keeping your current balance below 30% of your total credit limit is ideal. For example, if you have two credit cards, each with a $5,000 limit, you have a total credit limit of $10,000. To keep your utilization below 30%, you’ll want to maintain a combined balance of less than $3,000.

Some financial experts recommend that keeping one’s credit utilization closer to 10% or less is an even better move.

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3 Tips for Managing Your Credit Card Balance

If you’re struggling to juggle multiple credit cards and make all of your payments, here are some tips that may help.

1. Organizing Your Debt

A great first step to getting a handle on your debt is to organize it. Try listing each source of debt, along with the monthly payments, interest rates, and due dates. It may be helpful to keep this list readily available and updated.

Another option is to use software that aggregates all of your finances, such as your credit card balances and payments, bank balances, and other monthly bills. Your bank may offer financial insights tools as well, which can be a great place to start with this endeavor.

When it comes to managing your credit card debt, keep in mind that staying on top of your due dates and making all of your minimum payments on time is one of the best ways to stay on track.

You can also ask your credit card providers to change your due dates so that they’re all due on the same day. Pick something easy to remember, such as the first or 15th of the month.

2. Making All Minimum Payments, But Picking One Card to Focus On

While you’re making at least the minimum payments on all your cards, pick one to focus on first. There are two versions of this debt repayment plan:

•   ‘With the debt avalanche method, you attack the card with the highest interest rate first.

•   ‘With the debt snowball method, you go after the card with the lowest balance.

The former strategy makes the most sense from a mathematical standpoint, but the latter may give you a better psychological boost.

If and when you can, apply extra payments to the card’s balance that you’re hoping to eliminate. Once you’ve paid off one card, you can move to the next. Ultimately, you’re trying to get to a place where you’re paying off your balance in full each month.

3. Cutting Up Your Cards

Whether you do this literally or not, a moratorium on your credit card spending can be a great strategy. If you are consistently running a balance that you cannot pay off in full, you may want to consider ways to avoid adding on more debt.

A word of warning: Don’t be tempted to cancel all your cards. This can negatively affect your credit score. However, if you feel you really have too many credit cards to manage — say, more than three or four — cancel the newest credit card first. This will ensure your credit history length is unaffected.

In addition to these steps, there are other options for dealing with credit card debt, such as debt consolidation, which can involve taking out a personal loan (typically, at a lower rate than your credit card interest rate), working with a certified credit counselor, and/or negotiating with your creditors to see if you can pay less than your full balance.

The Takeaway

Your credit card statement balance is the sum of all your charges and refunds during a billing cycle (usually a month), plus any previous remaining balance. It changes monthly with each statement. Your current balance is updated almost immediately every time you make a purchase. It is the sum of all charges to date during a billing cycle, any previous remaining balance, and any charges during the grace period. Whenever you can, pay off the full statement balance to avoid interest charges.

Trying to pay off credit card debt? Taking out a personal loan can consolidate all of your credit card balances.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

Should I pay my statement balance or current balance?</h3>

It can be wise to always aim to pay off your statement balance every month by the due date to avoid pricey interest charges. While not necessary, paying off the current balance can help lower your credit utilization ratio, which can in turn help build your credit score.

Why do I have a statement balance when I already paid?

Your statement balance reflects all the charges you have made, any interest and fees, and credits that occurred during a single billing cycle. Once that statement balance has been captured, it likely won’t be updated until the next billing cycle. Your credit card’s balance may well change, however, during this period as you use your card.

What happens if you don’t pay the full statement balance?

If you don’t pay your total statement balance before the end of what’s known as your grace period (the days between the end of your billing cycle and your payment’s due date), both your current balance and any new purchases that you make will start to accrue interest right away.


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Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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