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A non-purpose loan is an alternative type of loan that allows individuals to use investment securities they own as collateral to borrow money. With a non-purpose loan, borrowers can get access to the funds they need and continue to earn potential returns on their investments. However, non-purpose loans come with some financial risks to be aware of.

Read on to learn how non-purpose loans work and their benefits and drawbacks.

What Is a Non-Purpose Loan?

A non-purpose loan — also known as a securities-backed line of credit (SBLOC) — is a type of secured loan offered by some financial institutions and brokerage firms. Instead of using collateral such as a home or car to back the loan, a borrower uses securities in their investment portfolio.

Interest rates on non-purpose loans tend to be variable, and they may be slightly higher than the rates on personal loans. (A personal loan calculator can help you determine the personal loan rate you might qualify for.) The borrower must make interest-only monthly payments on a non-purpose loan until you decide to pay it off. The loan’s principal can be repaid in increments or all at once.

The Way a Non-Purpose Loan Works

With a non-purpose loan, you borrow money using your investments to back the loan, and you continue to earn any interest, dividends, and capital appreciation on those investments.

The amount you can borrow with a non-purpose loan varies, although you can typically borrow between 50% to 95% of your portfolio. The exact percentage depends on two main factors: the types of assets in your accounts and the value of your portfolio. Lender requirements may also be a determining factor. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender may require you to have assets with a market value of at least $100,000.

Unlike traditional lending products such as personal loans, non-purpose loans are subject to maintenance calls. That means if the value of your investment accounts falls below a certain level, the brokerage or financial institution will ask you to boost the equity in your investments to meet the margin requirements.

In the case of a maintenance call, you’ll need to increase your accounts’ value by either depositing more money in them or partially repaying the loan.

Non-Purpose Loan vs Margin Loan

A margin loan is another type of lending product that’s backed by a borrower’s investment securities. Like a non-purpose loan, a margin loan allows you to borrow against the investments in your portfolio while continuing to earn any dividends and interest. Margin loans are subject to maintenance calls just as non-purpose loans are.

However, there are differences between the two. A margin loan is typically used for the sole purpose of purchasing more securities. A non-purpose loan, on the other hand, can be used for virtually anything other than purchasing securities. To obtain a margin loan you can only use the investments in one account as collateral, whereas you can get a non-purpose loan by using investments in several accounts.

Pros and Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have distinct benefits and drawbacks. For example, these loans are flexible and can be used for many purposes, but they often require borrowers to have investment accounts with a high value.

This chart gives an at-a-glance comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of non-purpose loans.

Pros of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have several features that can make them attractive to borrowers.

May not require a credit check. Unlike traditional loans such as unsecured personal loans, a non-purpose loan might not involve a credit check. Instead, the lender may base the amount of the loan on the value of your portfolio.

Allows investment returns. Borrowers don’t have to sell their securities to obtain a non-purpose loan. They can continue to get possible returns on investments.

May avoid capital gains tax. Because you don’t have to sell securities to get a non-purpose loan, you won’t have to pay capital gains tax.

Provides flexibility. With a non-purpose loan, you can use the proceeds in almost any way you wish. For instance, you can use the money to pay off medical expenses, tide you over during a job loss, or for home improvement funds.

Recommended: Using a Personal Loan for Taxes

Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Along with possible benefits, there are some significant drawbacks of non-purpose loans to consider.

High asset value requirements. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender typically requires you to have assets with a high minimum value of at least $100,000.

Variable interest rates. Non-purpose loans generally have variable interest rates, which means the rates can go up and down throughout the life of the loan. You may want to check personal loan rates to compare the interest rates of other lending options.

Subject to maintenance calls. The investments that serve as your collateral for a non-purpose loan are prone to market volatility, so you could be impacted financially. For instance, should the value of your securities go down, the value of your portfolio may no longer meet the collateral requirements for the loan, prompting a maintenance call. In that case, you might have to deposit money in your accounts or partially repay the loan.

Loan funds cannot be used for investing. Unlike margin loans, you can’t use the money from a non-purpose loan to purchase investment securities.

Recommended: How to Pay Tax on Personal Loans

The Takeaway

A non-purpose loan may be attractive to certain borrowers because it gives them the ability to use their investment securities as collateral while continuing to earn money on their investments. However, these loans tend to have high minimum balance requirements and variable interest rates, and they’re subject to maintenance calls, which could be financially challenging. Consider the potential pros and cons of a non-purpose loan to make sure it’s a good option for you.

You can also look into other lending products. While SoFi doesn’t offer non-purpose loans, we do offer personal loans with amounts ranging from $5,000 all the way up to large personal loans of $100,000. You can explore the different types of loans available, and shop around for the best rates, to decide which option is right fit for your borrowing needs.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

What is the meaning of a non-purpose loan?

A non-purpose loan is an unconventional loan that allows you to use securities from different investment accounts as collateral for the loan. For some borrowers, the main advantage to this type of loan is that their investments stay intact, and they can potentially earn money from interest and dividends.

However, there are disadvantages to non-purpose loans. For instance, if the value of your investments drop, you may be required to add money to your accounts or repay part of the loan.

What is the difference between a purpose and a non-purpose loan?

A purpose loan uses investment securities as collateral and is typically used to buy more securities. A non-purpose loan is also backed by investment securities, but it can be used for almost any purpose, except for purchasing securities.

Is a non-purpose loan better than a purpose loan?

Non-purpose loans and purpose loans have different uses and requirements, and one isn’t necessarily better than the other. It mainly depends on what you’re using the loan for. A purpose loan is generally used for one specific purpose, typically to purchase securities. A non-purpose loan can be used for almost anything except purchasing securities. Only you can decide which type of loan is best for your intended use of the funds.

Photo credit: iStock/RgStudio

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-013

You might think that if you close a loan or credit card account it will no longer affect your credit report, but they can actually stay on your credit report for up to 10 years. During this time period, these accounts can help or hurt your credit score, depending on a number of factors.

Here’s what you should know about closing loan and credit card accounts from your credit report.

How Closed Accounts Affect Your Credit

Closed credit accounts and loans can have varying effects on your credit, some positive and some negative, due to the factors that make up your credit rating. Here’s a closer look at three of those that are significant in this situation: your credit history, your credit utilization rate, and your credit mix.

Your Credit History

A closed account on which you made on-time payments will help your credit score by building your credit history. The effect will be less than if it were an open account, but it would be a positive factor nonetheless, since it shows that you can manage credit responsibly.
However, if you made late payments on an account that is now closed, the negative impact may linger in your credit history for seven years and up to 10 years if you file for bankruptcy.

Longevity is a factor on your credit report. Credit scoring systems reward borrowers with a longer history of managing debt and repayment. That means that if you close an account and seven years pass, you’ll lose any benefit of having had that account. It won’t make a significant change, but it is another factor to be aware of.

Your Credit Utilization Rate

Part of your credit rating is based on how much debt or credit you already have. Creditors look at your credit utilization ratio, which is how much credit you have available to you versus how much you actually use. The best case scenario is to not use more than 10% of your accessible credit; otherwise, no more than 30% is a good move.

Two examples:

•   Say you have a $10,000 credit limit on your credit card, you might want to limit your balance to $1,000. That’s 10%.

•   Otherwise, keeping your balance to no more than $3,000 would be 30%, the upper end of what’s considered a good credit utilization ratio.

If you close a loan or a credit card account, that might reduce the amount of credit available to you, which will increase your utilization rate. If you open a credit card or take out a loan, that will increase the amount of credit available to you, thereby decreasing your utilization rate.

Your Credit Mix

Credit scoring systems, such as the FICO® Score and VantageScore® look at the types of loans you have and how you manage them. These systems reward a mix of loan types, such as installment loans (auto loans and mortgages), and revolving accounts such as credit cards. Eliminating a credit card account or other type of loan (such as when it is closed and eventually drops off your report) could limit your credit mix, and that could negatively impact your credit score. Worth noting though: Credit mix counts for 10% of your score vs. 35% for your payment history (meaning, how successfully you make payments on time).

Why Do Closed Accounts Stay on Your Credit Report?

Both closed and open accounts can contribute to your credit rating as they stay on your credit report. That’s because the credit agencies can gain a fuller picture of your risk as a borrower the more information they have.

Monitoring and understanding your credit report (perhaps with a credit score monitoring app; your bank may offer this) is an important part of your financial wellness.

When to Remove a Closed Account from Your Credit Report

If possible, remove a closed account from your credit report if it has a poor payment history. Also, remove any accounts that are found to be fraudulent. If an account shows that you made regular, on-time payments, don’t remove it because it will be helping your score.

Recommended: Average Salary by State

How to Remove a Closed Account from Your Credit Report

A few factors affect your credit score; one of which is your credit history. As noted above, your credit history shows the loans and credit cards you have obtained in the past seven to 10 years, along with your repayment patterns. Even closed accounts are part of that narrative for the stated period of time.

That said, there may be a way to remove a closed account from your credit report, which you might want to do if it is having a negative effect. Here are some options.

1. File a Dispute if There Is an Error on Your Credit Report

It might be that you notice a fraudulent account when you check your credit report. If that is the case, you can remove the record by submitting a dispute in writing with each of the three credit bureaus (Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion®). You must include supporting documents. The bureaus will investigate your complaint and update your credit score if there is fraudulent data.

2. Contact the Creditor and Pursue a Goodwill Deletion

Another way to remove a closed account from your credit report is to directly contact the creditor that’s involved and ask them to remove the account from your credit report. (This is sometimes known as a goodwill letter or goodwill request.) The creditor will have to contact the credit bureau(s) directly to do so. You will be more successful if you have a positive credit history and relationship with the creditor.

3. Wait It Out

In time, a closed account will no longer be reflected on your credit report, but it might take seven to 10 years. The good news is that the accounts that stay the longest are usually ones that you closed in good standing, and these will positively influence your credit score.

Recommended: Why Did My Credit Score Drop After a Dispute?

What Does “Account Closed” Mean on a Credit Report?

“Account closed” on your credit report indicates an account that is no longer active. There can be several reasons for an account being closed.

•   Perhaps it was an installment loan that you paid off.

•   You might have opened a credit card account and then decided to close it (maybe you weren’t using it much).

•   The creditor closed it, which could be positive (you paid off a loan) or negative (you weren’t paying your bills in a timely manner).

These are typical scenarios that lead to seeing “account closed” on your credit report.

How Long Will a Paid-off Account Take to Show up on Your Report?

Lenders usually update the credit report agencies with closed account information at the end of a billing cycle. Thus, it could take one or two months before a paid-off account is reflected on your credit report.

How Long Does a Closed Account Stay on My Credit Report?

As noted above, how long closed accounts stay on your credit report can vary.

•  Accounts closed in good standing (paid on time and in full) can remain on your credit report for up to 10 years.

•  Accounts closed due to nonpayment (these include collection accounts, some bankruptcies, and debt settlement) remain on your credit reports for seven years from the first missed payment or from being turned over to collections. The exception is Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which usually stays on your credit report for 10 years.

Practice Good Credit Habits Going Forward

Here’s advice that can help you manage existing credit card and loan accounts well.

•  First, it’s always wise to take control of your budget. Whether you do that with the 50/30/20 budget rule or a financial tracking app, keeping on top of your income, your spending, and your saving can be a money-smart move.

•  Check your credit score regularly to make sure there is no fraudulent activity. You might aim for an annual review.

•  Extend your credit history as much as you can with accounts that are and have been in good standing. This means it’s probably in your best interest to occasionally use a credit card account and keep it in good shape vs. closing it because you don’t use it often. This can reduce your available credit and possibly lower your debt utilization ratio.

  One good idea can be to use a credit card for predictable expenses, such as streaming services, and set up automatic payments. That way, you will be paying a set amount each month and building a positive credit history.

These moves can help you keep your financial profile in good shape.

The Takeaway

Closed credit accounts will stay with you for a long time, seven to 10 years usually. Keep accounts that you have owned for a long time open and in good standing whenever possible. If you have fraudulent accounts on your credit history or ones that were not managed well, you might take steps to have them removed and possibly build your credit profile.
Keeping tabs on your credit score and your budget can be easy with the right tools, like those SoFi offers.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can I get closed accounts removed from my credit report?

You can remove a closed account from your credit report if you suspect it is fraudulent by filing a dispute with the three credit bureaus. You can also contact a creditor directly and ask them to remove a closed account. However, they are under no obligation to comply with this kind of request for a “goodwill” deletion. Alternatively, you can wait for seven to 10 years, after which closed accounts will fall off your credit history.

What is the 609 loophole?

The 609 loophole is a tactic that some people think will remove bad debt history from their credit reports. A section of the Fair Credit Reporting Act states that you can write a letter to gain documentation on what you may believe is an incorrect entry in your credit history. The 609 letter theory is that if a credit bureau cannot produce a piece of information, such as the original signed copy of your credit application, they have to remove the disputed item because it’s unverifiable. However, these steps are not the same as a dispute. Also, if you have legitimate debt, even without this documentation, the debt may remain. In other words, this process is unlikely to provide a shortcut to building your credit.

How long before a debt is uncollectible?

At which point a debt can no longer be collectible varies based on the type of debt and the state you live in. It is often between three and six years, but it could be as long as 20 years. After the statute of limitations that applies, a debt collector can no longer sue you for repayment, though some might still try to collect.

Photo Credit: iStock/dusanpetkovic
SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

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Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SORL-Q324-024

A credit card statement balance reflects your transactions (and the amount owed) during a billing cycle, while your current balance reveals your real-time activity and how much you may owe at a given moment.

When you buy with credit, it’s like taking out a short-term loan to make a purchase. If you’re putting charges on your credit card throughout the month, the value of that loan — your “current balance” — fluctuates. When your billing cycle ends and the amount due is tallied, that equals your statement balance.

Learn more about how these two numbers can differ, along with a few tips for paying down your credit cards.

Statement Balance vs Current Balance

Each credit card issuer may have a slightly different method of presenting and even calculating the numbers on your monthly statement, whether you get a hard copy or check it online or in your card’s app. Still, you will likely see one number called the statement balance and another called the current balance.

•   The statement balance means all transactions during a designated period, called a billing cycle. If a billing cycle covers one month and starts on the 15th of each month, this statement balance will include all of the activity on an account between, say, January 15 and February 15, in addition to any previously unpaid balances. Until the close of the next billing cycle, the statement balance will remain unchanged.

•   ‘Your current balance means the running total of all transactions on your account. It changes every time you swipe your card to pick up Chinese takeout or return a T-shirt that didn’t fit right.

To understand the interplay between the statement balance vs. the current balance, consider this example:

•   ‘On February 15, the statement balance is $1,000, meaning that the total charges between January 15 and February 15 add up to $1,000.

•   ‘Two days later, you make a $50 charge to the card. Your current balance will reflect $1,050 while the statement balance remains the same.

In this case, the current balance is higher than the statement balance. The reverse can also be true, and the current balance can potentially reflect a smaller number than the statement balance.

Recommended: Personal Loan vs Credit Cards

What to Know About Paying Off Your Credit Card

As each billing cycle closes, you will be provided with a statement balance. You will also likely be provided with a due date. At the time you make a payment, you may decide to pay off the statement balance, the current balance, the minimum payment, or some other amount of your choosing.

Paying the Statement Balance

If you regularly pay your statement balance in full, by its due date, you likely won’t be subject to any interest charges. Most credit card companies charge interest only on any amount of the statement balance that is not paid off in full.

The period between your statement date and the due date is called the grace period. During this period, you may not accumulate interest on any balances. It’s worth mentioning that not every credit card has a grace period. It’s also possible to lose a grace period by missing payments or making them late. If you have any questions about whether your card has a grace period, contact your credit card company.

Paying the Current Balance

If you’re using your credit card regularly, it is possible that you will use your card during the grace period. This will increase your current balance. At the time you make your payment, you will likely have the option to pay the full current balance.

If you have a grace period, paying the current balance is not necessary in order to avoid interest payments. But paying your current balance in full by the due date can have other benefits. For example, this move could improve your credit utilization ratio, which is factored into credit scores.

Paying the Minimum Monthly Payment

Next, you can pay just the minimum monthly payment. Generally, this is the lowest possible amount that you can pay each month while remaining in good standing with your credit card company — it is also the most expensive. Typically, the minimum payment will be an amount that covers the interest accrued during the billing cycle and some of the principal balance.

Making only the minimum payments is a slow and expensive way to pay down credit card debt. To understand how much you’re paying in interest, you can use a credit card interest calculator. Although minimum monthly payments are not a fast way to get rid of credit card debt, making them is important. Otherwise, you risk being dinged with late fees.

Missing or making a payment late can also have a negative impact on your credit score.So, if the minimum payment is all you can swing right now, it’s okay. Just try to avoid additional charges on your card.

Making a Payment of Your Choice

Your last option is to make payments that are larger than the minimum monthly payment but are not equal to the statement balance or the current balance. That’s okay, too. You’ll potentially be charged interest on remaining balances, but you’re likely getting closer to paying them off. Keep working on getting those balances lowered.

Recommended: Credit Card Closing Date vs Due Date

Your Credit Utilization Ratio

The balance you currently carry on your credit card can impact your credit utilization ratio. Credit utilization measures how much of your available credit you’re using at any given time.

This figure is one of a handful of measures that are used to determine your credit score — and it has a big impact. Credit utilization can make up 30% of your overall score, according to FICO® Score.

Not every credit card reports account balances to the consumer credit bureaus in the same way or on the same day. Also, the reported number is not necessarily the statement balance. It could be the current balance on your card, pulled at any time throughout the billing cycle. Again, it may be worth checking with your credit card issuer to find out more. If your issuer reports current balances instead of statement balances, asking them which day of the month they report on could be helpful.

Sometimes, the lower your credit card utilization is, the better your credit score. While you may feel in more control to know which day of the month that your credit balance is reported to the credit bureaus, it may be an even better move for your general financial health to practice maintaining low credit utilization all or most of the time.

If you are worried about your credit utilization rate being too high during any point throughout the month, you can make an additional payment. You don’t have to wait until your billing cycle due date to reduce the current balance on your card.

According to Experian®, one of the credit reporting agencies, keeping your current balance below 30% of your total credit limit is ideal. For example, if you have two credit cards, each with a $5,000 limit, you have a total credit limit of $10,000. To keep your utilization below 30%, you’ll want to maintain a combined balance of less than $3,000.

Some financial experts recommend that keeping one’s credit utilization closer to 10% or less is an even better move.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

3 Tips for Managing Your Credit Card Balance

If you’re struggling to juggle multiple credit cards and make all of your payments, here are some tips that may help.

1. Organizing Your Debt

A great first step to getting a handle on your debt is to organize it. Try listing each source of debt, along with the monthly payments, interest rates, and due dates. It may be helpful to keep this list readily available and updated.

Another option is to use software that aggregates all of your finances, such as your credit card balances and payments, bank balances, and other monthly bills. Your bank may offer financial insights tools as well, which can be a great place to start with this endeavor.

When it comes to managing your credit card debt, keep in mind that staying on top of your due dates and making all of your minimum payments on time is one of the best ways to stay on track.

You can also ask your credit card providers to change your due dates so that they’re all due on the same day. Pick something easy to remember, such as the first or 15th of the month.

2. Making All Minimum Payments, But Picking One Card to Focus On

While you’re making at least the minimum payments on all your cards, pick one to focus on first. There are two versions of this debt repayment plan:

•   ‘With the debt avalanche method, you attack the card with the highest interest rate first.

•   ‘With the debt snowball method, you go after the card with the lowest balance.

The former strategy makes the most sense from a mathematical standpoint, but the latter may give you a better psychological boost.

If and when you can, apply extra payments to the card’s balance that you’re hoping to eliminate. Once you’ve paid off one card, you can move to the next. Ultimately, you’re trying to get to a place where you’re paying off your balance in full each month.

3. Cutting Up Your Cards

Whether you do this literally or not, a moratorium on your credit card spending can be a great strategy. If you are consistently running a balance that you cannot pay off in full, you may want to consider ways to avoid adding on more debt.

A word of warning: Don’t be tempted to cancel all your cards. This can negatively affect your credit score. However, if you feel you really have too many credit cards to manage — say, more than three or four — cancel the newest credit card first. This will ensure your credit history length is unaffected.

In addition to these steps, there are other options for dealing with credit card debt, such as debt consolidation, which can involve taking out a personal loan (typically, at a lower rate than your credit card interest rate), working with a certified credit counselor, and/or negotiating with your creditors to see if you can pay less than your full balance.

The Takeaway

Your credit card statement balance is the sum of all your charges and refunds during a billing cycle (usually a month), plus any previous remaining balance. It changes monthly with each statement. Your current balance is updated almost immediately every time you make a purchase. It is the sum of all charges to date during a billing cycle, any previous remaining balance, and any charges during the grace period. Whenever you can, pay off the full statement balance to avoid interest charges.

Trying to pay off credit card debt? Taking out a personal loan can consolidate all of your credit card balances.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

FAQ

Should I pay my statement balance or current balance?</h3>

It can be wise to always aim to pay off your statement balance every month by the due date to avoid pricey interest charges. While not necessary, paying off the current balance can help lower your credit utilization ratio, which can in turn help build your credit score.

Why do I have a statement balance when I already paid?

Your statement balance reflects all the charges you have made, any interest and fees, and credits that occurred during a single billing cycle. Once that statement balance has been captured, it likely won’t be updated until the next billing cycle. Your credit card’s balance may well change, however, during this period as you use your card.

What happens if you don’t pay the full statement balance?

If you don’t pay your total statement balance before the end of what’s known as your grace period (the days between the end of your billing cycle and your payment’s due date), both your current balance and any new purchases that you make will start to accrue interest right away.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-041

While paying off your credit cards often helps improve your credit, this isn’t always the case. Depending on the strategy you use to wipe away your debt, you could (inadvertently) do some damage to your scores. This could make it harder to get a mortgage, car loan, or even a rental agreement in the future. Here’s what you need to know to pay down your credit obligations while protecting your credit.

What Not to Do: Ignoring Credit Card Debt

When it comes to credit card debt, the consequences of avoidance and procrastination are steep, both to your financial well-being and to your credit scores. Here’s a look at the potential fallout.

•   Interest charges will pile up: Generally, the longer you avoid paying down your debt, the more interest will accrue. The average interest rate on credit cards as of September 2024 is 27.64%. This means that even if your debt isn’t growing through new purchases, interest alone can make your balance balloon over time.

•   Late fees and credit damage: Credit card issuers usually charge fees if you don’t make the minimum payment by the due date. After 30 days of no payment, your issuer will likely report the missed payment to the credit bureaus, which can do significant damage to your credit scores. Maintaining a balance also keeps your credit utilization (how much of your available credit you’re using) high. Credit utilization plays a large role in your credit rating. As your balance grows, your credit score will generally decline.

•   Debt collection and legal consequences: Ignoring credit card debt for too long could lead to the debt being sold to a collection agency, who can be aggressive in pursuing repayment. In extreme cases, your creditors might sue you, potentially leading to wage garnishment or seizure of personal assets.

What You Should Consider: Paying off Credit Card Debt Using a Planned Approach

If you have a significant amount of credit card debt, it may be tempting to bury your head in the sand. But you’ll be far better off coming up with a clear, actionable plan to start whittling down what you owe. The following steps can help you feel more in control over your debt, as well as your overall financial situation.

•   Assess your debt. A good place to start is to list out all of your credit card balances, along with their interest rates and minimum payments. This will give you a full picture of what you owe.

•   Create a basic budget. You don’t have to come up with a detailed line-item spending plan. Simply go through your last few months of financial statements and assess what’s coming in and going out, on average, each month. Then comb through your discretionary (unnecessary) monthly spending and look for places where you can cut back. Any money you free up can go toward credit card payments. 

•   Pick a debt payoff strategy. Here’s a look at two popular approaches that can help you gradually pay down your balances.

•   Avalanche method: Here, you make extra payments on the credit card with the highest interest rate first, while making minimum payments on the others. Once the highest-rate card is paid off, you funnel those extra funds toward the card with the next-highest rate, and so on. This strategy minimizes the amount of interest you’ll pay over time.

•   Snowball method: With this method, you put extra payments toward the card with the smallest balance first, while making minimum payments on the others. When that card is cleared, you focus on paying off the next-smallest balance, and so on. This gives you quick wins and a psychological boost, which can help you stay motivated. 

•   Take advantage of windfalls: If you get a bonus, tax refund, or any extra income, consider applying it toward your credit card debt. This can help you reduce your balance faster and lower the total amount of interest you’ll pay.

•   Automate your payments: It’s a good idea to set up automatic payments for at least the minimum payment due each month. You may be able to pay more, but having this set up in advance helps you avoid missed payments, which can harm your credit score, as well as late fees.

•   Keep paid-off accounts open. As you pay off your cards, you may think it’s a good idea to close those accounts — but not so fast. When you close a credit card, you lose that account’s available credit limit. That means any balances remaining on other credit cards will then account for a higher percentage of your total available credit. This increases your credit utilization, which can hurt credit scores.

Negotiating and Settling Credit Card Debt

If you’ve been struggling to make payments on your credit cards, there’s a good chance your credit score has been negatively affected. Before the debt is sent to collections, you may be able to negotiate with the credit card company.

Like any business, the primary goal of a credit card company is to make a profit. When it becomes apparent that a cardholder is unable to pay their bills, companies are sometimes willing to find an arrangement that will enable the customer to make payments based on their situation. Here’s a look at some options a credit company may be able to offer.

•   Workout agreement: With this arrangement, the credit card company may agree to lower your interest rate or temporarily waive interest altogether. They may also be willing to take additional steps to make it easier for you to repay your debt, such as waiving past late fees or lowering your minimum payment. 

•   Debt settlement: In a debt settlement, the credit card company agrees to accept less than the full amount you owe, forgive the rest, and close the account. While this might seem appealing, a debt settlement can negatively affect your credit scores and stay on your credit reports for seven years. As a result, it’s generally considered a last-resort option for those facing severe financial difficulties.

•   Hardship agreement: Some card issuers offer a hardship or forbearance program for borrowers who are experiencing a temporary financial setback, such as a job loss, illness, or injury. Under these programs, the company may agree to lower your interest rate, even temporarily suspend payments. However, your credit can be negatively affected, since the issuer may report negative information to the credit bureaus during the forbearance period.

What Is the Statute of Limitations on Credit Card Debt?

The statute of limitations governs how long a creditor or collection agency can sue you for nonpayment of a debt. The statute of limitations on credit card debt varies from state to state, but is typically between three and six years. Once the statute of limitations has passed, debt collectors can’t win a court order for repayment.

Even if your credit card debt is past the statute of limitations, however, it doesn’t magically disappear. Unpaid debts can remain on your credit report for up to seven to 10 years from the date of your last payment. That negative mark can lower your credit scores, making it hard to qualify for new credit cards and loans with attractive rates and terms in the future. 

Say Goodbye to Credit Card Debt with a Personal Loan

Consolidating credit card debt with a personal loan (often referred to as a debt consolidation loan) can be an effective way to lower your debt and simplify repayment.

To do this, you essentially take out an unsecured personal loan, ideally with a lower interest rate than you’re paying on your cards, then use it to pay off your balances. Moving forward, you only have one payment (on your new loan). An online personal loan calculator can show you exactly how much interest you could save by paying off your existing credit card (or cards) with a personal loan.

Initially, debt consolidation can negatively impact your credit score. This is because the lender will do a hard pull on your credit, which can decrease your score by a few points. However, this decline is temporary. Making consistent, on-time payments on your personal loan can help boost your credit profile over time. Payment history makes up 35% of your overall FICO® credit score.

If, on the other hand, you make any of your loan payments late, or miss a payment entirely, credit consolidation can end up having a damaging impact on your credit.

Recommended: FICO Score vs Credit Score 

The Takeaway

Credit card debt can be a major financial burden, but it doesn’t have to ruin your credit or your financial future. By avoiding the temptation to ignore your debt and adopting a planned approach, you can gradually reduce what you owe. Whether you choose to use a paydown strategy (like avalanche or snowball), negotiate with creditors, or explore a consolidation loan, there are various strategies to help you regain control of your finances while protecting — and ultimately building — your credit.

Ready for a personal loan to pay off credit card debt? With low fixed interest rates on loans of $5K to $100K, a SoFi Personal Loan for credit card debt could substantially decrease your monthly bills.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Filing for bankruptcy is a major decision that can provide relief from overwhelming debt, but it also has long-lasting consequences, particularly when it comes to your credit. A bankruptcy will stay on your credit report for seven to 10 years, potentially making it harder to obtain new credit or loans, and sometimes even qualify for jobs or housing. Here’s a closer look at how Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcies impact your credit and what you can do to minimize the financial fallout.

How Long Does Bankruptcy Stay on Your Credit Report?

Bankruptcy can stay on your credit reports for seven to 10 years, depending on the type of bankruptcy you file. Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy are the most commonly filed types of bankruptcy for individuals, and each has different rules and credit impacts. Chapter 7, which discharges most debts, remains on your credit reports for a longer period; Chapter 13, which involves a repayment plan, stays on your reports for a shorter duration.

It’s important to note that even though bankruptcy stays on your credit reports for many years, its impact on your credit scores diminishes over time, especially if you take steps to rebuild your credit.

💡 Quick Tip: Your credit score updates every 30-45 days. Free credit monitoring can help you learn about your score’s normal ups and downs — and when a dip is cause for concern.

When Is Bankruptcy Removed From Your Credit Report?

Bankruptcy will automatically fall off your credit reports after a set period of time, which varies by type of bankruptcy. The clock starts from the date you first file for protection from the court, not the date of discharge or when the bankruptcy procedure ends. Here’s how long each type of bankruptcy stays on your credit reports:

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: 10 Years

With Chapter 7 bankruptcy, also known as “liquidation” bankruptcy, a trustee liquidates your assets (with some exceptions), then distributes the proceeds among your creditors. If those funds aren’t enough to cover all of your dischargeable debts, your obligation to pay any remaining debt is eliminated. Since Chapter 7 completely wipes away most of your debt, the consequences to your credit are relatively severe. As a result, Chapter 7 bankruptcy stays on your credit reports for 10 years from the filing date.

During this period, your bankruptcy will be visible to potential lenders, landlords, and employers who check your credit reports. Although the bankruptcy’s impact on your credit scores lessens as time passes, its presence can still make it harder to secure favorable credit terms or loans for up to a decade.

💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: Seven Years

Chapter 13 bankruptcy, also known as “reorganization” bankruptcy, allows filers to repay their debts over a period of three to five years through a court-approved repayment plan. Unlike Chapter 7, Chapter 13 allows you to keep your assets and work with creditors to pay off some or all of what you owe. At the end of the repayment period, any remaining eligible debts are discharged.

Because Chapter 13 involves a repayment plan and demonstrates an effort to pay back some of what is owed, it remains on your credit reports for a shorter time — seven years from the filing date. After this period, the bankruptcy automatically falls off your credit reports, allowing them to be free of any bankruptcy records.

Can You Remove Bankruptcy From Your Credit Report?

Barring any errors, you generally can’t get a bankruptcy removed from your credit reports. If, however, your credit report says you filed bankruptcy but you did not, or there is any other kind of inaccuracy (such a bankruptcy entry that stays on your credit report past its expiration date), you have the right to dispute the inaccuracy with the credit bureau that compiled the credit report. A dispute doesn’t hurt your credit score and must be addressed by the bureau within 30 days.

Where Does Bankruptcy Appear on Your Credit Report?

Bankruptcy filings typically appear in the “Public Records Information” section of credit reports. While bankruptcy courts don’t directly report information related to bankruptcy cases to the credit bureaus, the three major credit bureaus (Equifax®, Experian® and TransUnion®) collect bankruptcy information from court records, which are open to the public.

As part of your bankruptcy entry, you may see information such as:

•   Type of bankruptcy

•   Status

•   Dates filed and closed

•   Liability amount

•   Exempt amount

•   Amount paid

•   Estimated date of when your bankruptcy should be removed from the credit report

Bankruptcy may also appear on your credit reports under specific accounts. Any accounts that were included in the bankruptcy, such as credit cards or loans, may be noted as “discharged” or “included in bankruptcy.”

What Does Bankruptcy Do to Your Credit Score?

Payment history is the most important factor in your credit scores, so a bankruptcy can take a significant toll, knocking as much as 200 points off your score, according to Experian.

Exactly how bankruptcy will impact your scores, however, will depend on where they stand before you file. For many people, the time leading up to a bankruptcy may include missed payments and accounts in collections — all of which would already cause a major drop in your credit scores. A bankruptcy is more likely to cause significant damage if you didn’t have a lot of negative payment history beforehand.

Either way, the impact of bankruptcy on your credit scores lessens over time. If you take positive steps, such as making timely payments on new accounts and keeping your credit utilization low, you can start building your credit even while the bankruptcy is still on your report.

How to Rebuild Your Credit After Bankruptcy

Rebuilding your credit after bankruptcy takes time, but there are things you can do to help speed up the process. Here are some proven tactics to try.

•   Check your credit report regularly: You can get free copies of your credit reports from each of the three major credit bureaus at AnnualCreditReport.com. When scanning your reports, check to see that the bankruptcy and related accounts are reported accurately. Be sure to dispute any errors that may be dragging down your score unnecessarily.

•  Make all payments on time: Payment history is typically the most important factor in your credit scores, accounting for 35% of the FICO score. To build a positive payment history, you’ll want to pay all of your bills on time and in full. Using a spending app can help keep you on track by ensuring you have sufficient cash available to cover your bills as they come due.

•  Keep credit utilization low: If you have access to credit, aim to use no more than 30% of your available credit limit at any time. This shows that you’re managing credit responsibly.

•  Get a secured credit card: A secured credit card requires a deposit that acts as your credit limit. Using this card regularly and paying off the balance in full each month establishes a positive payment history that can help rebuild your credit.

•  Consider a credit-builder loan: Consider a credit-builder loan: With a credit-builder loan, the lender deposits the loan amount into a savings account, which you cannot access until you finish repaying the loan. Your payments to the lender are reported to the credit bureaus, generating a positive payment history on your credit reports. When you finish paying off the loan, you gain access to the cash.

Recommended: How to Check Your Credit Score Without Paying

The Takeaway

Whether you’re figuring out if bankruptcy is the right choice for you or have already started the process, know that it’s not a permanent part of your credit profile. It will take seven to 10 years to drop from your reports, but bankruptcy’s negative impact can diminish before then, especially if you manage your money responsibly and proactively work to rebuild your credit.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can Chapter 7 be removed from credit before 10 years?

Chapter 7 bankruptcy generally stays on your credit report for 10 years from the filing date, and it’s difficult to remove it before that time. However, if there’s an error on your credit report or if the bankruptcy is not verifiable with the court, you can dispute it with the credit bureaus. If the dispute is successful, it may be removed early.

How long does Chapter 7 stay on your credit?

Chapter 7 bankruptcy remains on your credit reports for 10 years from the filing date. During this time, the bankruptcy will be visible to lenders, landlords, and others who check your credit report. Although the bankruptcy remains on the report for a decade, its impact on your credit score lessens over time, especially if you take steps to proactively rebuild your credit.

Can you have a 700 credit score after Chapter 7?

Yes, it is possible to achieve a 700 credit score after Chapter 7 bankruptcy, though it may take time. Rebuilding credit after bankruptcy requires careful financial management, including paying your bills on time and keeping your credit utilization low. Taking out a secured credit card or credit-builder loan, and managing repayment responsibly, can also help you rebuild your credit after Chapter 7 bankruptcy.

Photo Credit/ iStock Photo:Viorel Kurnosov
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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