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When it comes to higher education, Native Americans face obstacles. Educationdata.org says that postsecondary attendance among American Indian and Alaska Native students “has been in decline since 2010.” Only 0.7% of college students identified as American Indian or Alaska Native in 2022.

“Research has found that American Indians and Alaska Natives have a much lower rate of college completion than the population as a whole,” the Department of Education’s (DOE) Federal Student Aid (FSA) says on its website.

The soaring cost of college could have something to do with this: The average annual cost of tuition at a public 4-year college is 23 times higher than in 1963. The average cost of college for in-state students at a four-year institution in 2022-23 was almost $11K. Students at private nonprofit four-year institutions paid over $39K on average.

According to the DOE, loan forgiveness (or cancellation) is generally the term used if you are no longer required to make payments on some or all of your student loans.

While there are some specific programs to help with Native American student loan forgiveness, it’s important to also research what financial aid, including scholarships and loans, is targeted toward American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Recommended: Student Loan Forgiveness: Programs for Relief and Mass Forgiveness

Picking a Career With Loan Forgiveness

One very important resource: The Bureau of Indian Education provides a list of scholarships and grants available to Native American students, such as the American Indian College Fund.

Many states offer financial aid to Native American students attending college. Some individual colleges and state schools also offer free tuition and room and board to Native American students. For instance, Native American students who are Montana residents can qualify for a tuition waiver
at Montana State University.

Keeping a career in mind when pursuing an education can make a big difference in financial aid and forgiveness options.


💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.

Health Services

One of the programs that gives priority to Native Americans is the Indian Health Services Loan Repayment Program. This program, part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides funds for health professionals to help repay eligible education loans.

In 2023, the program announced an increase in the maximum annual award amount to $25,000 per year for new awards and extensions starting in Fiscal Year 2023. You can find details about the new award amount here.

In exchange, health professionals agree to an initial two-year service commitment practicing in areas that serve American Indian and Alaska Native communities.

Priority enrollment in this program is given to American Indians and Alaska Natives. Professions across the healthcare spectrum, including behavioral health, dentistry, and dietetics, are available.

The organization says that available opportunities are based on the greatest staffing needs in Native American health facilities. Participants are also eligible to extend their contracts annually until their qualifying student debt is paid.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness

This program, offered by the DOE, is open to all qualified students, not just Native Americans. The careers that may qualify for Public Student Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF) range from forestry and natural resources to teaching and law enforcement.

To receive loan forgiveness for work in public service, applicants must work full-time for a qualifying government agency or certain nonprofits. After 120 on-time, qualifying payments in an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan, the remainder of the student debt can be forgiven.

The Department of Federal Student Aid offers a PSLF Help Tool to start work on the Employment Certification Form to apply.

Serving as a full-time AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteer also counts as qualifying employment for the program. Loans that may be eligible to be forgiven under PSLF include any non-defaulted loans that you received under the Direct Loan Program from the government. Private loans are not eligible for any federal forgiveness plans.

Recommended: A Look Into the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

Teacher Loan Forgiveness Program

For students interested in pursuing a career in teaching, the DOE’s Teacher Loan Forgiveness Program is key. If you teach full-time for five years straight in a low-income school or educational service agency, you might be eligible for up to $17,500 for certain subject areas.

Even if you don’t teach math, science, or special education, you could still receive up to $5,000 in loan forgiveness if you are a qualified full-time elementary or secondary education teacher.

This might be another option for Native American students looking for student loan debt forgiveness by giving back to a community in need.

To qualify, the school or educational agency must be listed in the directory, published by the DOE, for the years you were/are a teacher.


💡 Quick Tip: It might be beneficial to look for a refinancing lender that offers extras. SoFi members, for instance, can qualify for rate discounts and have access to financial advisors, networking events, and more — at no extra cost.

Lowering Your Student Loan Payments

While student loan forgiveness is often a great solution for debt relief, sometimes you might not qualify for career-based programs. One solution is income-driven repayment (IDR) plan for federal student loans.

The Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan is the newest income-driven repayment plan. Like other IDR plans, the SAVE Plan calculates your monthly payment amount based on your income and family size. In addition, the SAVE Plan has unique benefits that will lower payments for many borrowers.

The SAVE Plan lowers payments for almost all people compared to other IDR plans because your payments are based on a smaller portion of your adjusted gross income (AGI). Your payment for federal undergraduate loans could be as low as 10% of your discretionary income -– and that percentage could decrease to 5% in 2024.

The SAVE Plan has an interest benefit: If you make your full monthly payment, but it is not enough to cover the accrued monthly interest, the government covers the rest of the interest that accrued that month. This means that the SAVE Plan prevents your balance from growing due to unpaid interest.

Recommended: The SAVE Plan: What Student Loan Borrowers Need to Know About the New Repayment Program

Refinancing Student Loans

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SOSL1023005

Graduating from college in three years, instead of the typical four, isn’t just a proposition for overachievers. Adding a few extra credits here or there over the semesters won’t just help get you out the door faster, it could also help you save on tuition and room and board.

Sounds great, right? Well, before you go filling up your class schedule with all your required courses, it might be worth considering whether graduating early is the right path for you both personally and financially. The average cost of undergraduate tuition, fees, and room and board across all U.S. postsecondary institutions stood at $26,903 in the 2021–22 school year, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.

Americans owe about $1.77 trillion in federal and private student loans as of 2023. But, college isn’t only about dollars and cents and a final piece of paper.

Here are some key things to consider when deciding whether to graduate from college early and leave your student life behind.

Pro: You Could Start Grad School Sooner

If a master’s degree, medical school, law school, or another advanced degree path is in your future, completing your undergraduate work in three years may sound highly attractive. After all, you will be spending several more years in school to complete your higher education.

Just take care that your undergraduate grades remain up to snuff to increase your chances of placement in the graduate school of your choice.

💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

Con: You May Miss Out on Learning Opportunities

By rushing through undergraduate general education classes, you may be tempted to do the bare minimum in order to pass.

But in doing so, you could be denying yourself valuable learning opportunities, and you could be missing out on subjects that interest you personally or professionally.

You might want to make sure your workload is heavy enough to graduate on your own timeline, yet light enough to actually soak in all that new knowledge—and that it allows you time to pursue new passions. Isn’t college all about trying new things?

Pro: You Can Enter the Workforce Sooner

By completing your degree sooner, you could enter the workforce earlier, which could help you start earning a salary ASAP.

Want to max out your post-collegiate earnings? Some degrees offer a better financial ROI than others.

Con: You May Miss Out on the Full College Experience

Sure, you could start working a year earlier, but while you’re at your job, all of your college buddies will be enjoying their senior year together. And it’s not just about partying. The extra year together might give you and your classmates more time to bond with one another and to network with peers and professors.

Those relationships can play an incredibly valuable role in the workforce down the road. This can also be true for internship opportunities, which you may not have time for as an ultra-full-time student trying to fit four years of work into three.

There are other once-in-a-lifetime opportunities you could miss out on, too, such as studying abroad. While some of your friends may be off learning both life and academic lessons around the world, you could be stuck on campus having to cram in all your credits to graduate early.

Pro: You Could Save Money

As mentioned earlier, the average cost of undergraduate tuition, fees, room, and board across all U.S. postsecondary institutions stood at $26,903 in the 2021–22 school year.

If you graduated early, you could save a pretty penny by skipping an entire year of tuition, fees, and room and board. Prices for college tuition and fees increased 4.7% from February 2020 to February 2023, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

When considering an ultra-full-time course load, don’t forget to calculate the cost of summer school, “overload” credits, and a year-round dorm.

Many schools have limits on the number of credit hours you can take at a time, and they may require you to get permission to go over the max (overload). You may also have to pay more for those credits.

Recommended: Living On Campus vs. Off Campus

Con: You May Have to Start Paying Off Student Loans Sooner

Most students who have taken out federal student loans have a six-month grace period before they need to begin repayment.

That means six months after you graduate (or drop out or drop below half-time enrollment), you will likely need to start paying back those loans. This is not necessarily a con, but keep it in mind and be prepared.

Refinancing your federal student loans with a private lender could give you a lower interest rate. However, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

💡 Quick Tip: When rates are low, refinancing student loans could make a lot of sense. How much could you save? Find out using our student loan refi calculator.

Need Help With Those Student Loans?

Graduating from college early doesn’t eliminate your burden to repay any student loans you’ve borrowed. The 2023 debt ceiling bill officially ended the three-year Covid-19 forbearance, requiring federal student loan interest accrual to resume on Sept. 1, 2023, and payments to resume in October 2023.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SOSL1023009

The 2023 debt ceiling bill officially ended the three-year Covid-19 forbearance of federal student loans. As a result, student loan interest accrual resumed on Sept. 1, 2023, and payments in October 2023.

Although the pandemic-related pause that began in March 2020 is no longer in effect, the Biden administration has implemented a temporary “on-ramp” protection. Any federal student loan borrower who received the Covid-19 forbearance relief will be eligible for the 12-month on-ramp protection automatically. This means you’ll be protected from having your federal student loans reported as delinquent if you fail to make any required loan payments from October 2023 through September 2024.

Below we highlight how the on-ramp protection works and how federal student loan borrowers may also benefit from the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan.

What Is a Student Loan Forbearance Extension?

Congress authorized the initial Covid-19 student loan forbearance in March 2020 when it passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The CARES Act suspended federal student loan payments and federal student loan interest accrual through September 30, 2020.

Two presidential administrations — starting with the Trump administration — extended the Covid-19 forbearance through executive action. The Biden administration issued several extensions to the Covid-19 forbearance up until the 2023 debt ceiling bill ended the practice.

Federal student loan borrowers facing financial difficulties may request a general forbearance, and some borrowers may qualify for a mandatory forbearance. A general or mandatory forbearance can temporarily suspend making loan payments during an approved period.

Federal student loan forbearances typically have 12-month durations, but you can request an extension if you meet the requirements. The cumulative limit on a general forbearance is three years.

Recommended: What Is Student Loan Forbearance?

Will Student Loan Forbearance Be Extended?

The passage of the 2023 debt ceiling bill guarantees the Covid-19 forbearance will not be extended. Federal student loan interest accrual resumed Sept. 1, 2023, and borrowers are now expected to make required payments when due.

So the Covid-19 student loan forbearance will not be extended, and the Biden administration’s one-time student loan forgiveness plan under the HEROES Act will not take effect. The Supreme Court rejected Biden’s broad debt relief plan in June 2023, finding the HEROES Act did not authorize the program.

Although the Covid-19 forbearance will not be extended under the HEROES Act, the Biden administration has implemented temporary “on-ramp” protections.

If you’re covered by the on-ramp, you’re protected from having your federal student loans reported as delinquent or placed in default from October 2023 through September 2024. But federal student loan interest will still accrue during the on-ramp, so failing to pay may increase your student debt burden.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

How to Extend or Pause Student Loan Payments in General

If you’re concerned about your ability to resume student loan payments beyond the temporary on-ramp protection, consider talking to your student loan servicer about:

•   General student loan forbearance

•   General student loan deferment

•   An income-driven repayment plan

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness program

Income-Driven Repayment (IDR)

Based on your income and family size, an IDR plan can set your student loan payments at an affordable repayment amount per month for you. There are four plans, which last for a certain number of years and forgive any remaining balance after that:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Plan

•   Income-Based Repayment Plan

•   Income-Contingent Repayment Plan

The SAVE Plan replaced the former REPAYE Plan in July 2023. If you were enrolled in the REPAYE Plan at that time, you’ve been automatically enrolled in the SAVE Plan.

The SAVE Plan can give you a $0 monthly payment if your income is within 225% of the federal poverty guideline (or less than $32,805 for a single borrower and $67,500 for a family of four in 2023).

Another benefit to the SAVE Plan is that your loan balance won’t grow over time if your monthly payment amount is less than the interest accruing.

Refinancing

It’s possible to consolidate both federal and private student loans into one new loan when you refinance your student loans with a private lender. If an applicant qualifies for a lower interest rate and a shorter term, it could reduce the amount of money paid in interest over the life of the loan. You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.


💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.

Alternative Student Loan Financing Options

As you’re thinking about college funding, keep this in mind: You can choose from a number of college financing options, including scholarships, grants, and private student loans:

•   Scholarships. Scholarships are awarded based on merit or need, and students do not need to repay them. Students can get scholarships through businesses, colleges, and other organizations. There are online scholarship search tools that can help you find opportunities you might be eligible for.

•   Direct PLUS Loans. Direct PLUS Loans can help graduate or professional students pay for college. They can also help parents of dependent undergraduate students pay for their child’s college education. You might want to consider a parent PLUS loan refi to a lower rate if you’re repaying a PLUS loan.

•   Grants. Students can get grants from states, the federal government, a public body, and/or other organizations to pay for college.

•   Private student loans. Private student loans are given by commercial lenders, not the U.S. Department of Education. Unlike most federal student loans, you will undergo a credit check and possibly have to get a cosigner to sign on the loan with you.

The Takeaway

The Covid-19 forbearance is no longer in effect and won’t be extended under the HEROES Act. This means federal student loan borrowers are generally expected to make required loan payments when due. (A temporary on-ramp protection from October 2023 through September 2024 may protect you from typical delinquency impacts, but it won’t stop your interest from accruing.)

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How do I know when my student loan payments will resume?

Federal student loan payments resumed in October 2023. You may receive billing statements from your federal loan servicer going forward.

What does student loan forbearance mean?

Forbearance means a borrower can temporarily suspend making loan payments during an approved period. There are two main types of forbearance for federal student loans: general and mandatory. This does not include the former Covid-19 forbearance, which ended as required under the bipartisan Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023.

What are income-driven repayment plans?

An alternative to forbearance, income-driven repayment plans can set your monthly loan payments at an affordable amount for you. There are four plans. Each lasts a certain number of years and forgives any remaining balance after that. Beginning in July 2024, borrowers with original principal balances of less than $12,000 can have their remaining loan balance forgiven after 10 years of monthly qualifying payments under the SAVE Plan.

Photo credit: iStock/Andrea Migliarini

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SOSL1023006

No one plans for their student loans to outlive them. We all expect to have paid off loans for college or graduate school long before middle age, let alone within our lifetimes. But it’s important to have a grasp of what happens to student loans when you die. Not knowing the policy can cause you a lot of anxiety. Will the loan be wiped away? Will the burden fall on your parents or spouse? The answers depend on what kinds of loans you have.

If you die before your student loan is paid off, your loan will be discharged – but only if it’s a federal loan. Your family will not be responsible for repaying a federal student loan. With a private loan, it will also most likely be discharged, but in certain cases there could be complications. And if you had a cosigner, it’s more likely there will be complications.

According to EducationData.org, 6.2% of federal borrowers are 62 years of age and older. The average 62-year-old federal borrower owes $41,780 in federal educational debt, including Parent PLUS loans. So if you’re one of these older borrowers, getting the facts now may help put your mind at rest. Here’s what can happen to your loans in a variety of scenarios.

What Happens to Federal Student Loans?

If you took out student loans from the federal government, the loans will be discharged when you die. When a loan is discharged, the balance becomes zero and the government won’t try to collect on the loan.

There is currently no tax burden once loans are discharged as a result of death. However, this is only true until 2025, at which point this tax code expires and policies could change.

Also, your parent’s PLUS loan will be discharged if your parent dies or if you (the student on whose behalf your parent obtained the loan) die.

You’ll likely want to make sure that your loved ones have the information they need now—at a minimum, the name of your loan servicer and, ideally, your loan ID numbers and your Social Security number.

Family or friends would need to provide your loan servicer with that documentation to confirm the death, usually an original or copy of your death certificate. They can call your loan servicer to ask about the specific requirements.

The bottom line: If you have any kind of federal student loan, you don’t need to worry about your relatives being burdened with the debt if you pass away.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

What Happens to Private Student Loans?

More than 93% of all student loan debt is made up of federal student loans, according to Educationdata.org. What happens to private student loans when you die? The rules are different than those covering federal student loans. It is possible that with a private student loan, someone will be pursued for repayment after you die.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau says, “Unlike federal student loans, there are no legal requirements to cancel private student loans for borrowers who die or become disabled. In certain cases, private lenders have special provisions to discharge loans.”

So yes, some private lenders will cancel the loan upon the loan holder’s death, but it typically depends on the type of loan and the laws in your state.

Make sure to read your private loan agreement carefully now to see what protections your lender offers. If you have questions, it might be wise to consult a lawyer.

In the case that your lender doesn’t discharge your loans after death, the lender would first try to collect the money from your estate. If you don’t have an estate, they would turn to your student loan cosigner, if you have one.

If there isn’t one, then the lender would likely try to collect from your spouse. Whether your spouse would actually be liable depends on the state in which you live. If you live in a community property state–Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin–and took out the student loan while you were married, your spouse could be responsible.

What Happens If You Have a Cosigner?

Federal student loans almost never involve a cosigner, but private loans often do in order to improve a borrower’s financial profile. Enterval Analytics said that in 2022, 90.78% of undergraduate private loans were cosigned.

A cosigner has agreed to pay the debt if you default, which means they will be just as responsible for the loan as you are. If you die, a private lender could seek to collect payment from the cosigner. However, some lenders may waive the remaining debt if the primary borrower (student) dies. Again, you need to check the policy.

If you have a loan with a cosigner and want to take this burden off of them, you could consider trying to refinance the loan in only your name. This could be an option if your credit, income, and employment history have improved since you took out the loan, and you can now qualify on your own.

It’s worth asking what happens if the situation is reversed: What if your cosigner dies? In some cases, your loan would go into “student loan auto-default,” meaning the lender would immediately require you to pay the full amount of the remaining loan, even if you’ve been making payments regularly until then.

If you cannot pay the full amount as requested, the holder on the loan could put you into this immediate default. That would harm your credit rating for a number of years.

However, not all banks will invoke the “auto-default” if your cosigner dies. Also, this depends on the bank being aware that the cosigner is no longer alive.

If you are in the terrible situation of knowing that your cosigner will die soon, you might want to be proactive to avoid the auto-default possibility. You may want to ask your lender for a release of the cosigner. Be aware that it might not be easy to obtain a release if your credit profile isn’t strong.

Recommended: Applying for a Student Loan Cosigner Release

What Can You Do to Protect Loved Ones?

It is pragmatic to worry about what happens to student loans when you die. To ensure that your spouse or cosigner doesn’t end up with a large debt burden in the event of that happening, one course of action is to pay off your student loans faster.

You can do this by increasing the amount you pay every month, going above your minimum monthly payment, or possibly shortening the payment term through refinancing.

Another option is to build a savings cushion that can be put toward your debt if you die.

How Student Loan Refinancing Can Help

Do student loans die with you? Not always. But there are things you can do now, including releasing any cosigners to make it less likely they’ll be pursued for the debt after your death. Refinancing your student loans may also be a good way to speed up repayment, leaving less of a potential obligation behind in case you die.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SOSL0923008

If you are employed by a government or a nonprofit, you might be able to get forgiveness for the remaining balance on your federal student loan through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF).

Created by the Department of Education (DOE) in 2007, PSLF is intended to help public-service professionals who may not earn large salaries and must struggle to repay their federal student loans. In this context, many teachers, firefighters, and social workers qualify.

The program has drawn frequent criticism for being hard to navigate and difficult to qualify for, charges that the DOE says it is addressing to make sure as many people as possible can access PSLF. To that end, the DOE conducted a payment count adjustment that updated borrowers’ progress toward PSLF. To become eligible for the adjustment, borrowers with privately held Perkins or FFEL Program loans had to submit a Direct Consolidation Loan application. The deadline for submission was June 30, 2024.

Below is the latest information on PSLF eligibility and student debt forgiveness.

What Is Public Service Loan Forgiveness?

The PSLF program provides professionals a way out of their federal student loan debt by working full-time in public service. The remaining balance on your Direct Loans will be forgiven—meaning you will not have to pay it back–after you’ve made the equivalent of 120 qualifying monthly payments under an accepted repayment plan and while working full-time for an eligible employer.

What Are Public Service Loan Forgiveness Jobs?

The question for many people is who qualifies for PSLF? The jobs include teachers, firefighters, first-responders, nurses, military members, and doctors. But with this program, it is not only the type of job you have that determines if you can get forgiveness but also the type of employer. That is crucial. Qualifying employers include federal, state, local, tribal government and non-profit organizations.

To find out if your employer qualifies for PSLF, you can search through the Federal Student Aid search tool.


💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.

Who Is Eligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program?

How does PSLF work? To qualify, borrowers must meet certain eligibility criteria. They include:

Work for a Qualified Employer

Part of PSLF eligibility requires working for a qualified government organization (municipal, state, federal, military, or tribal) or a qualified 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Full-time AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteers are also eligible for PSLF. (Learn more about military student loan forgiveness.)

Some other types of non-profits also qualify, but not labor unions, political organizations, and most other non-profits that don’t qualify for 501(c)(3) status. Working for a government contractor doesn’t count; you have to work directly for the qualifying organization.

Only full-time workers are eligible — that is, workers who meet their employer’s definition of full-time or work a minimum of 30 hours per week. People employed at multiple qualifying organizations in a part-time capacity can be considered full-time as long as they’re working a combined 30 hours per week.

Note that time spent working in religious instruction or worship does not count toward meeting the full-time requirement.

Recommended: How to Get Out of Student Loan Debt

Having Eligible Loans

Eligible loans include Direct loans such as Stafford loans, PLUS loans (but not Parent PLUS loans), and Federal Direct Consolidation loans.

If you held Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) or Perkins loans forgiven, you had to consolidate them into a Direct Consolidation Loan first. Any payments you made on the FFEL Program loans or Perkins Loans before you consolidated didn’t count toward the necessary payments.

Private student loans are not eligible for Federal forgiveness programs.

Recommended: Student Loan Forgiveness Guide

Applying for Public Service Loan Forgiveness

There are a few hoops to jump through in order to pursue PSLF. To apply for the program, you’ll need to take the following steps:

1. Consolidate FFEL Program and Perkins Loans

Borrowers with FFEL Program and Perkins Loans had to consolidate them with a Direct Consolidation Loan. Consolidation applications should have been submitted no later than June 30, 2024. This was necessary because if you consolidate your loans afterward, you won’t get credit for any qualifying payments you made on those loans.

2. Sign Up for an Income-Driven Repayment Plan

There are now two income-driven repayment plans to choose from. They are designed to make your student loan debt more manageable by giving you a monthly payment based on your income and family size.

The latest IDR program is called the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan. It lowers payments for almost all people compared to other IDR plans because your payments are based on a smaller portion of your adjusted gross income (AGI). Also, if you make your full monthly payment, but it is not enough to cover the accrued monthly interest, the government covers the rest of the interest that accrued that month.

Note: As a result of the CARES Act, months that you were in repayment while the requirement to make a payment was paused still count as qualifying payments if you also certify your employment for the same period of time.

3. Certify Your Employment

To do this, print out an Employment Certification form and get your employer to fill it out and send it in for approval. The Federal Student Aid website suggests filling this form out annually or at least every time you switch jobs.

You can also use the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Help Tool at StudentAid.gov/pslf/ to find qualifying employers and get the forms that you need.

4. Make 120 Qualifying Monthly Payments

You must make these payments while you’re employed by a qualified public service employer. Switching employers isn’t a problem, so long as you are still working for a qualifying organization.

5. Apply for Forgiveness

After you make the final payment, submit your application for forgiveness.

Current State of the Program

Because the program was created in 2007, the first borrowers to qualify for loan forgiveness applied in 2017. However, early estimates by the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported the denial rate as more than 99%. At the same time, many borrowers weren’t even aware that the forgiveness program exists.

In 2022, the Biden Administration addressed these issues by introducing a “limited PSLF waiver,” which allowed student loan holders to receive credit for payments that previously didn’t qualify for PSLF. The waiver deadline expired on Oct. 31, 2022. The DOE extended elements of the waiver through the IDR account adjustment program. To be eligible for the adjustment, Perkins and FFEL Program loan holders had to submit a Direct Consolidation Loan application no later than June 30, 2024.

President Biden announced in October 2023 that during his administration the DOE had secured relief for “almost $51 billion for 715,000 public servants through Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) programs, including the limited PSLF waiver and Temporary Expanded PSLF (TEPSLF).”

Beware of false communications from scammers posing as the DOE or your loan servicer. Read up on the latest student loan forgiveness scams.

Pros and Cons of the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

The advantages of the program are pretty straightforward. The disadvantages have more to do with how the program is executed in the real world.

Pros of PSLF

1.    The balance of your student loans is forgiven after a set time. This works as a kind of bonus to make up for the low pay earned by people working in the public sector.

2.    The amount forgiven usually isn’t considered income, so you aren’t taxed on it (and you don’t have to save additional money to account for the IRS bill). With other loan forgiveness programs, you might see a big tax bill.

3.    Professionals in qualifying jobs are making a difference, and your government appreciates it enough to give you a break on your federal student loans.

4.    You may pay less monthly because you’re on an income-driven plan. This means paying out less of your hard-earned cash every month.

Cons of PSLF

1.    The program is only open to those with certain types of employers. And it’s contingent on staying with a qualifying public service employer for 10 years. With the SAVE program, qualifying loan holders may be able to pay off their federal student loans no matter who their employer is.

2.    Some borrowers aren’t aware of the program, partly due to a lack of education by employers, loan servicers, and schools.

3.    There are a lot of hoops to jump through to get your loans forgiven. Plus, if you don’t jump through a hoop properly, you can jeopardize your forgiveness.

4.    The extra money that can potentially be earned from working for a corporate employer may help you pay off your loans sooner than through PSLF.

5.    You might end up paying more in interest by making 120 payments than if you budgeted to aggressively repay your loans in less than 10 years.

Alternatives to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

Another program available to some individuals is the Teacher Loan Forgiveness program. This program is available to full-time teachers who have completed five consecutive years of teaching in a low-income school. This program has strict eligibility requirements that must be met in order to receive forgiveness.

If you receive Teacher Loan Forgiveness, the five-year period of service that supported your eligibility will NOT count toward PSLF. However, the limited PSLF waiver discussed above temporarily waived this restriction for individuals who previously received Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

These federal forgiveness programs do not apply to private student loans. If you are looking for ways to reduce your interest rate or monthly payments on private student loans, refinancing with a private lender can be an option. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.)

It is important to mention that refinancing your federal student loans with a private lender may make you ineligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program, should you choose that route.

The Takeaway

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness program is one way for eligible borrowers to have their federal student loans forgiven. Recent changes to the program by the Biden Administration promises to make qualifying for PSLF easier. However, if you have student loans that aren’t eligible for PSLF, consider taking advantage of either refinancing or income-driven repayment.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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