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A home equity loan is a way to finance a large purchase, complete home renovations, or consolidate high-interest debt by tapping into the equity of your home. Your home secures the loan, and funds are disbursed all at once.

With your home as collateral, lenders have reason to believe you’ll make on-time, full payments, so they offer a lower interest rate than they would on most unsecured loans. Failing to make the monthly payments could result in foreclosure, however.

Yet for borrowers who are confident they can make the payments, a home equity loan is one of the most affordable financing options on the market. Keep reading to learn more about home equity loans and whether or not one makes sense for you.

What Is a Home Equity Loan?

A home equity loan is typically a fixed-rate loan secured by a home in exchange for a lower interest rate.

Repayment terms are typically between five and 30 years.

How Do Home Equity Loans Work?

First, you’ll need to have sufficient home equity, which is the difference between the market value of your home and what you owe on your mortgage. You may have built home equity by paying down your mortgage and by seeing your home appreciate.

You’ll go through an application process, and the lender will likely order a home appraisal to ensure that there’s enough value there to lend against.

You’ll have a lot more paperwork than some other loans and will sign mortgage lien documents that give the lender the right to start foreclosure proceedings should you fail to make payments.

After closing on the loan, you’ll receive all funds upfront. Repayment starts shortly after.

Homebuyers also occasionally use a home equity loan to avoid PMI on a new home. An 80/10/10 piggyback mortgage, for example, consists of a conventional home loan, a second mortgage like a home equity loan, and a 10% down payment. Such buyers are able to put less than 20% down and avoid paying private mortgage insurance.

Types of Home Equity Loans

When you’re looking to use the equity in your home, there are two types of home equity loans to choose from — a home equity loan and a home equity line of credit (HELOC) — and a cash-out refinance.

•   Home equity loan: The loan is disbursed in one lump sum and paid back over time. The interest rate is typically fixed.

•   HELOC: With a home equity line of credit, money can be taken out as you need it, up to the limit you were approved for. HELOCs have a draw period, often 10 years, when you might pay only interest on money borrowed, followed by a repayment period, when principal and interest payments begin. The interest rate is usually variable.

•   Cash-out refinance: A third way of freeing up equity is through cash-out refinancing. This means taking out a new mortgage for more than you owe on your current mortgage. You use the loan to pay off your current mortgage and you are left with a lump sum to spend as you please.

Home Equity Loan Requirements

Home equity loans are contingent on:

•   The amount of home equity a homeowner has

•   Income

•   Credit history

•   Debt-to-income ratio

How to Calculate Your Home Equity

Home equity requires basic math: Subtract the amount you owe from the market value of your home. If your home is worth $500,000 and you owe $350,000, you have $150,000 in equity.

You usually will not get a loan for the total amount of home equity you have, however. When it comes to how much home equity you can tap, many lenders allow a maximum of 85% or 90%, although some allow less, and some, more.

Another way of saying that: Your loan-to-value ratio shouldn’t exceed 90% in many cases.

If you’re taking out a second mortgage like a home equity loan or HELOC, your first mortgage and the equity loan compared with your home value is what is called the combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratio.

Many lenders will require a CLTV of 85% or less to obtain a home equity loan and a CLT of 90% for a HELOC, although some will allow you to borrow 100% of your home’s value.

combined loan balance ÷ appraised home value = CLTV

Example of a Home Equity Loan Payment

One thing that attracts a lot of borrowers to a home equity loan is the long repayment period, which is also why most homebuyers choose a mortgage term of 30 years.

A longer repayment period can make your monthly payment more manageable. For example, if you were to get a $75,000 home equity loan with a repayment period of 20 years, your monthly payment at 8% interest would be $627. If you had to repay that same amount in five years, your payment would be $1,521.

Here’s a chart comparing examples of monthly payments with different terms:

Loan amount	Interest rate	Term	Monthly Payment
$75,000	8%	5 years	$1,521
$75,000	8%	10 years	$910
$75,000	8%	20 years	$627

A lot of variables will affect the rate you pay, such as your credit score and how much home equity you have. Also, keep in mind that the longer the loan term, the more interest you’ll pay, despite the more affordable monthly payment.

Difference Between Home Equity Loans and HELOCs

Home equity loans and HELOCs both use your home as collateral on a loan. How they differ is in how you receive and repay the money.

Home equity loan	HELOC
Lump sum loan	Money as you need it
Start repaying immediately	Pay only on the amount you borrowed
Usually a fixed interest rate	Often a variable interest rate
Installment loan	Credit line

Advantages and Drawbacks of Home Equity Loans

Home equity loans have some advantages, but be sure to consider the drawbacks as well.

Advantages	Drawbacks
Large amounts of money can be borrowed	Home is collateral
Low interest rate	Repayment begins immediately
Flexible use	Loan amount is set, so if you need more money, you will need to apply for another loan

Home Equity Loan Quiz

What Can You Use a Home Equity Loan For?

The great thing about a home equity loan is the wide range of things you can use it for. Once the funds flow to your bank account, they’re yours to use for almost any purpose. Some common uses of home equity are:

•   Home renovations

•   Education expenses

•   Medical expenses

•   Consolidation of high-interest revolving debt

•   Recreational vehicles

•   Vacations

•   Weddings

•   Purchase of an investment property

•   Building an ADU

•   Money in retirement

While you can pay for college tuition with a home equity loan, it might be better to find a student loan for that expense. And vacation expenses and wedding costs might be better addressed by saving and planning than by dipping into home equity.

Why? Because other loan types don’t put your home at risk if you’re unable to pay.

How to Apply for a Home Equity Loan

Step One: Assess your situation. Do you have enough equity to make this happen? How much do you need? Would you prefer a home equity loan or a HELOC? Do you have at least a “good” FICO® score?

If you have an idea of what type of loan you want, how much you want to borrow, and how much equity is available to tap, you’ll be able to shop for what you need.

Step Two: Ask multiple lenders for loan estimates. Getting loan estimates from different lenders can help you find the best terms and rates. Compare the APR of one 20-year loan to another, and so on. The APR will include the loan’s interest rate and any points and fees. Some lenders offer to waive or reduce closing costs on the loan, but the interest rate on these loans may be higher as a result.

All hard credit inquiries made within 14 to 45 days will be counted as one.

Step Three: Find a fitting loan and apply. Submit information about your income, current mortgage, insurance, and other details the lender requests. The lender may require an appraisal of your home.

Step Four: Close on your loan. If everything checks out — including your income, credit history on your credit reports, and home value — you may reach the closing table for your home equity loan. The Federal Trade Commission recommends reading the closing documents carefully and negotiating changes or walking away if something doesn’t look as it should.

Step Five: Receive your funds. Funds are disbursed around three business days after closing on the loan. You’ll receive the amount you were approved for.

Step Six: Begin repaying your loan. On a home equity loan when the funds are disbursed upfront and your interest rate is locked, the first payment will be due around 30 days after you close on the loan.

Is It a Good Idea to Take Out a Home Equity Loan?

Taking out a home equity loan is one of the least expensive ways to finance a large purchase. Because your home is used as collateral, lending institutions are willing to offer a relatively low interest rate on the borrowed amount.

For people who want borrowing flexibility and aren’t sure of the exact amount they will need, a HELOC might be a better option.

While a lower interest rate is great, you should always keep in mind that your home is at risk with a home equity loan. If you’re confident you can make the payments and have a need for a large sum, this may be a financing solution you’ll want to look into.

The Takeaway

With a relatively low interest rate and a repayment period that can be long, a home equity loan is an attractive way to finance a large purchase or consolidate high-interest debt. A home equity line of credit is a good alternative, and more flexible.

SoFi now partners with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively lower rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

Unlock your home’s value with a home equity loan or HELOC from SoFi.

FAQ

How much can you borrow with a home equity loan?

Most lenders limit the amount to 85% of your home equity, though that is not always the case. The loan amount also depends on your income, debt, and creditworthiness.

Can you have multiple home equity loans at the same time?

Yes, but you’ll want to consider all your options before getting another loan that puts your home at risk.

Are home equity loans tax deductible?

Interest on home equity loans is tax deductible if the money is used to buy, build, or substantially improve the home that secures the loan. You’ll want to work with a tax advisor to make sure you adhere to the rules around this deduction.

Are there costs to getting a home equity loan?

Closing costs for a home equity loan are typically 2% to 5%, but some lenders don’t charge any closing costs.

How do you pay back a home equity loan?

Repayment begins shortly after the funds are disbursed, and monthly payments are made until the loan term ends.

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Photo credit: iStock/VioletaStoimenova

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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When you take out a mortgage, you can deduct the amount of money you pay on mortgage interest from your taxable income. But is home equity line of credit (HELOC) interest tax deductible, too? Put simply, it depends on when you took out the HELOC and how much mortgage debt you have.

Here’s what you need to know about HELOC tax deductions, including the requirements and limitations on HELOC tax-deductible expenses, plus how to calculate your deduction.

What Is a HELOC?

Whether to cover renovation costs or consolidate debt, homeowners can borrow against the value of their home to secure the necessary funding. There are two main types of home equity loans: a conventional home equity loan and a home equity line of credit, also known as a HELOC. A HELOC functions as a revolving line of credit that uses home equity — the home’s value minus the amount you still owe on the primary mortgage — as collateral.

How much you can borrow typically ranges from 75% to 90% of your home equity. Generally, lenders require a minimum of 15% to 20% equity in your home to be eligible for a HELOC.

When comparing a HELOC vs a home equity loan, a key difference is that a HELOC allows you to draw funds as you need them, up to a maximum limit, over a draw period (often 10 years). By contrast, home equity loans disburse funds all at once.

With HELOC loans, you pay interest only on the amount you withdraw. Once the draw period ends, any remaining borrowed funds and interest are repaid over a repayment period, which can vary but typically spans 10 years.

Dive deeper: What Is a Home Equity Line of Credit?

How Does a HELOC Affect Your Taxes?

The interest paid on a HELOC could qualify as a tax deduction to lower your taxable income. If you own a home and are planning to claim a HELOC tax deduction, there are some requirements and limitations to keep in mind.

Requirements for the HELOC Interest Tax Deduction

To answer “is interest on a HELOC tax deductible,” it’s essential to check that you meet certain requirements set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, there are stricter requirements for how funds are spent to be eligible for a HELOC tax deduction. Specifically, funds from a HELOC must be used to buy, build, or improve a qualifying home — either a primary or second home. Eligible expenses can range from rewiring a house to replacing a roof or remodeling a kitchen. Note that funds must be spent on the same property used to secure the HELOC.

It’s also required that you have positive equity in the home used to secure the HELOC. If you have an underwater mortgage, meaning you owe more on the home than its value, you are not eligible for a HELOC tax deduction.

These requirements are in place for tax years 2018 through 2025. Prior to the rule change, a HELOC tax deduction could be made for interest paid on debt used for any type of personal expenses, not just home improvements.

Recommended: Cash Refinance vs. Home Equity

HELOC Tax Deduction Purchase Limits

HELOC tax deductions are not unlimited. So, up to what amount are HELOC loans tax deductible?

The IRS allows you to deduct interest on a maximum of $750,000 in residential loan debt (or $375,000 if married filing separately), including the primary mortgage and a HELOC. For instance, if you had $700,000 left on a home mortgage loan and $150,000 in HELOC debt, you could only deduct interest on the first $750,000 of debt.

If your primary mortgage or HELOC was approved before the 2018 tax year, you may be eligible to claim interest up to the previous limit of $1 million (or $500,000 if married filing separately). Borrowers who took out a HELOC in 2017 or earlier should note that the rule change did away with the $100,000 limit (or $50,000 if married filing separately) on home equity debt for tax deductions.

Tax Deduction Limits on Primary Mortgages

The tax deduction limits on primary mortgages are based on when the mortgage loan was taken out.
If you took out a mortgage before October 13th, 1987, there is no cap on mortgage interest tax deductions. Homebuyers who got a mortgage between October 13, 1987 and December 16, 2017, can deduct interest on up to $1 million in total mortgage debt for married couples filing jointly and single filers. The limit is $500,000 for married couples filing separately.

If you took your mortgage out after December 16, 2017, you can deduct up to $750,000 (or $375,000 if married filing separately).

These limits applied to all combined mortgage debt, including first homes, second homes, and HELOC loans.

Is Home Equity Loan Interest Tax Deductible?

The tax deduction rules for home equity loan interest is the same as a home equity line of credit. As long as you’re using funds to buy, build, or improve a home, you can claim a tax deduction on mortgage debt up to $750,000.

Recommended: What Is a Home Equity Loan?

How to Calculate a HELOC Interest Tax Deduction

Prior to filing taxes, you should receive IRS Form 1098 from your HELOC and mortgage lenders. This form indicates the interest you paid on your HELOC, primary mortgage, or home equity loan in the previous year.

If you used any HELOC funding for ineligible uses, such as personal expenses or debt consolidation, you’ll need to subtract that portion to get the deductible interest.

Besides the interest you paid on your primary mortgage and HELOC loan, total up other deductions like property taxes, mortgage points, and student loan interest. Since you can only deduct mortgage and HELOC interest payments with an itemized deduction, it’s important to check that the total of your deductions exceeds the standard deduction amount.

Here are the standard deduction amounts for tax year 2024:

•   Single or Married Filing Separately: $14,600.

•   Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Surviving Spouse: $29,200.

•   Head of Household: $21,900.

If the mortgage and HELOC interest, plus other tax deductions you’re eligible for, exceed the above amounts, then it’s worth considering itemizing.

Recommended: Personal Line of Credit vs. HELOC

How to Deduct Home Equity Loan Interest

To deduct home equity loan interest, you’ll need to gather any receipts or invoices documenting how the money was spent. Be sure to keep records of transactions for eligible home renovations and improvements to verify your deductions in case you are audited by the IRS.

Once you’ve compiled all the necessary documentation, you’ll itemize your deductions using Schedule A of IRS Form 1040.

Does a HELOC Affect Property Taxes?

While the amount you take out through a HELOC won’t affect your property taxes, the improvements you make to your home could potentially increase the value of your home. If your renovation is substantial and involves a permit, it could be more likely to change the appraised value and potentially increase your property taxes.

The Takeaway

You can deduct the interest paid on your HELOC if the funds are used to buy, build, or improve your home. HELOC tax deductions must be itemized, and they are only allowable for the first $750,000 in mortgage debt on qualifying primary and secondary residences.

SoFi now partners with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively lower rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

Unlock your home’s value with a home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi.

FAQ

Do you report a HELOC on your taxes?

You report your HELOC interest on your taxes if you’re claiming an itemized deduction and you used your HELOC to build or improve your home.

Will a HELOC appraisal raise my taxes?

No, a HELOC appraisal will not raise your taxes. Property taxes are based on the appraised value of your home by your local government.

Does HELOC affect capital gains tax?

No, a HELOC does not affect capital gains tax on a home sale.

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Photo credit: iStock/damircudic

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

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A 3.6% increase in the conforming loan limits for 2026 raised the baseline loan limit for a single unit to $832,750 in most counties in the United States.

The adjustment is a result of a change in the average price of a home nationwide from the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025. Home prices increased an average of 3.6%, and the baseline conforming loan limit kept pace.

Conforming loans may be cheaper than nonconforming loans like jumbo mortgages, but jumbo loans have their place.

Conforming Loan Limits for 2026

The conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency can vary based on area and the number of units in the property.

In most counties, that number increased to $832,750 in 2026 for a one-unit property. In most high-cost areas, the limit is $1,249,125 for a one-unit property.

In general, here’s how the baseline conforming loan limits break down for 2026.

Maximum baseline loan limit for 2026

Units	Many counties in the contiguous states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico	Alaska, portions of Hawaii, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
1	$832,750	$1,249,125
2	$1,066,250	$1,599,375
3	$1,288,800	$1,933,200
4	$1,601,750	$2,402,625

Recommended: The Cost of Living by State

Why Care About Conforming Loan Limits?

Staying under a conforming loan limit means you’ll most likely obtain a lower-cost mortgage. Mortgages that “conform” to the limits can be acquired by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-sponsored enterprises.

Because these mortgages can be bought by the agencies and then sold to investors on the secondary mortgage market, they represent a lower risk to the lender and a lower cost to the consumer.

If you need to finance more than the conforming limit, you’ll need to look at jumbo mortgage loans.

Getting a jumbo loan involves clearing more hurdles than a conforming loan. The rate will usually be similar to conforming loan rates, but sometimes it can be lower. How jumbo can a loan be for a primary residence, second home, or investment property? It’s up to each lender.

Government-backed mortgages are also nonconforming loans, and although they serve certain homebuyers, they also may be more expensive than conforming conventional loans because they usually come with additional fees.

Recommended: How to Get a Mortgage Loan

Notable Counties Above the Standard Loan Limits

Loan limits are higher in counties where the average home price is above 115% of the local median home value. The loan ceiling is 150% of the baseline value.

For 2026, the high-cost-area loan limit increased from $1,209,750 to $1,249,125 on a one-unit property. Alaska, portions of Hawaii, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands also have a baseline loan limit of $1,249,125. Two counties in Hawaii, Kalawao and Maui, have a still higher limit of $1,299,500.

The following is a chart of counties (and some cities) in high-cost areas with an increased baseline loan limit. The increased amount for high-cost areas maxes out at $1,249,125 in select areas.

State	County	2025 limit for a single unit	2026 limit for a single unit	% change year over year
Alaska	All	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
California	Los Angeles County, San Benito, Santa Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Orange, San Francisco, San Mateo	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
California	Napa	$1,017,750	$1,017,750	0%
California	Monterey	$970,600	$994,750	.025%
California	San Diego	$1,077,550	$1,104,000	.025%
California	Santa Barbara	$913,100	$941,850	.031%
California	Santa Cruz	$1,178,750	$1,249,125	.06%
California	San Luis Obispo	$967,150	$1,000,500	.034%
California	Sonoma	$897,000	$897,000	0%
California	Ventura	$1,017,750	$1,035,000	.017%
California	Yolo	$806,500	$832,750	.033%
Colorado	Eagle	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Colorado	Garfield, Pitkin	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
Colorado	Lake	$806,500	$1,092,500	35%
Colorado	San Miguel	$994,750	$994,750	0%
Colorado	Boulder	$862,500	$879,750	2%
Colorado	Adams, Arapahoe, Bloomfield, Clear Creek, Denver, Douglas, Elbert, Gilpin, Jefferson, Park	$833,750	$862,500	3%
Colorado	Grand	$874,000	$883,200	1%
Colorado	Moffatt	$806,500	$1,089,050	35%
Colorado	Summit	$1,067,200	$1,092,500	2%
Colorado	Routt	$1,012,000	$1,089,500	8%
Connecticut	Greater Bridgeport Planning Region	$851,000	$977,500	15%
Connecticut	Western Connecticut Planning Region	$806,500	$977,500	21%
Connecticut	Naugatuck Valley Planning Region	$806,500	$851,000	6%
Florida	Monroe	$967,150	$990,150	2%
Guam	All	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Hawaii	Hawaii, Honolulu, Kauai	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Hawaii	Kalawao, Maui	$1,209,750	$1,299,500	3%
Idaho	Teton	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Maryland	Calvert	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
Maryland	Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, Prince George’s County	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Massachusetts	Dukes, Nantucket	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Massachusetts	Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk	$914,250	$962,550	5%
New Hampshire	Rockingham, Strafford	$914,250	$962,550	5%
New Jersey	Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Passaic, Somerset, Sussex, Union	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
New York	Bronx, Kings, Nassau, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, Suffolk, Westchester	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
Pennsylvania	Pike	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
Tennessee	Hickman	$806,500	$1,209,250	5%
Tennessee	Macon, Maury, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, Williamson, Wilson	$989,000	$1,209,250	0%
Utah	Summit, Wasatch	$1,149,825	$1,150,000	0%
Utah	Wayne	$997,050	$997,050	0%
Virgin Islands	All	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Virginia	Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, Prince William, Rappahannock, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Warren, Alexandria City, Fairfax City, Falls Church City, Fredericksburg City, Manassas City, Manassas Park City	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Virginia	Madison	$1,209,750	$1,209,750	0%
Washington	King, Pierce, Snohomish	$1,037,300	$1,063,750	3%
Washington D.C.	District of Columbia	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
West Virginia	Jefferson County	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%
Wyoming	Teton	$1,209,750	$1,249,125	3%

Will Conforming Loan Limits Rise or Fall?

The baseline conforming loan limit is adjusted each year to reflect the change in the average home value and local housing trends in the United States.

The conforming loan limit has increased steadily for the past 10 years and has never declined. From 2006 to 2016, for example, the conforming loan limit remained at $417,000, despite declining home values across the country. If home values continue to rise, the conforming loan limit will also rise.

Conforming Loan Limits Over the Past 10 Years

The 3.6% increase in loan limits for 2026 is lower than the previous year’s increase of 5.2% and far lower than the 18% increase of 2022, which was the largest jump in the past 40 years. But it still represents an average increase of $26,250 over the past year alone.

Conforming loan limit

Year	Amount
2026	$832,750
2025	$806,500
2024	$806,500
2023	$726,200
2022	$647,200
2021	$548,250
2020	$510,400
2019	$484,350
2018	$453,100
2017	$424,100
2016	$417,000
2015	$417,000

The Takeaway

Conforming loan limits help to keep costs low for homebuyers. This means competitive pricing on mortgages, no matter what the housing market looks like each year.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Is a conforming loan a good thing?

Yes, generally speaking, staying under a conforming loan limit means you’ll most likely obtain a lower-cost mortgage.

Is a conforming loan the same as a conventional loan?

A conforming loan and a conventional loan are not the same thing, although many conventional loans are also conforming loans. A conventional loan is one that is not backed by a government agency such as the Federal Housing Administration. It might come from a private lender such as a bank. A conforming loan is one in which the underlying terms and conditions adhere to the funding criteria, including loan amount limits, spelled out by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Conventional loans can be conforming. Those that do not follow the conforming loan limits are considered “jumbo” loans.

Photo credit: iStock/marchmeena29

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement. ^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency. Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOHL-Q425-207

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For first-time buyers — or anyone facing financial hurdles — getting an FHA loan can help make homeownership a reality. With insurance from the Federal Housing Administration, lenders can afford to offer loans with a lower down payment, lower closing costs, and less restrictive qualifying credit requirements.

But can you refinance an FHA loan? Yes, FHA loans are available for those looking to refinance an existing mortgage rather than take out a new one — whether or not that existing mortgage is itself an FHA loan. However, there are a variety of different ways to go about refinancing an FHA loan, and which is right for you will depend on your circumstances. Here’s what you need to know.

Understanding FHA Refinancing

Like any FHA loan, FHA refinancing loans are insured by the FHA — and therefore available with easier qualifying requirements and lower costs than other types of conventional loans may be. Refinancing your mortgage with an FHA refinance loan could help you save money on interest over time by scoring a lower rate, lowering your monthly payments, or even accessing cash by leveraging your home’s equity. And yes, you can refinance an FHA loan, or another type of existing home loan with an FHA refinancing loan. However, the specific FHA refinance requirements vary depending on your circumstances.

Why Homeowners Choose to Refinance FHA Loans

Homeowners may choose to refinance for one or more reasons. One common goal for refinancing is to obtain a lower interest rate (and thus lower your monthly payments). Some homeowners might want to change their loan term in a refinance, perhaps getting a lower rate and a shorter term so they can finish paying off their loan faster. “It’s important to understand that not every mortgage refinance will save you money on interest. For example, if you extend the repayment term, you may have smaller monthly payments, but you’ll end up paying more money over the course of the loan,” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi.

It’s also common to refinance an FHA loan to get rid of the mortgage insurance that is required of FHA borrowers for the duration of their loan. And some homeowners do a refinance to pull equity from their home to use for renovations or other expenses. The type of refinance you choose depends largely on these goals.

Types of FHA Loan Refinancing

There are four main options when it comes to FHA loan refinancing: Simple refinancing, Streamline refinancing, cash-out refinancing, and 203(k) refinancing. Some people also refinance out of an FHA loan and into a conventional one. Which is right for you will depend on what kind of loan you have — and why you’re refinancing in the first place.

FHA Simple Refinance

FHA Simple refinancing is for those whose original home loan is an FHA loan. With an FHA Simple refinance, you’ll simply — as the name implies — refinance your home, using a new FHA loan to pay off the existing one, ideally with a lower monthly payment or interest rate to make it worth your while. You may also be able to switch between fixed and adjustable interest rates.

Unlike some other types of FHA refinancing, you won’t be able to access any cash using this type of refinance, so it’s not a viable option for homeowners attempting to leverage home equity to pay for other expenses. In addition, it has slightly stricter qualification requirements than FHA Streamline refinancing, which requires less credit documentation and underwriting. Although credit score requirements vary by lender, most FHA Simple refinance programs require a minimum credit score of 580.

FHA Streamline Refinance

The FHA Streamline refinance option also follows the logic of its name: The underwriting and qualification process is less intense than other types of FHA refinancing. In addition, unlike the FHA Simple refinance option, a home appraisal is not required. You can also take out up to $500 in cash against your home equity with an FHA Streamline refinance loan.

To qualify for FHA Streamline refinancing, your original home loan will also need to be an FHA loan, and payments must not be delinquent. The FHA also requires that the new loan result in a financial benefit for the borrower. Of course, you wouldn’t be going through the process and expense of refinancing if you had nothing to gain in the bargain.

FHA Cash-Out Refinance

FHA cash-out refinancing allows borrowers to leverage their home equity to take out cash that can be used for any purpose. To make this work, a new, larger loan is taken out, which is used to refinance the existing home loan — which need not be FHA insured — as well as to provide cash value.

Using an FHA cash-out refinance loan, homeowners may be able to lower their payments or interest rates while also accessing lump-sum cash that can be used for just about any purpose under the sun. Again, however, the underwriting and qualification process for FHA cash-out refinance loans may be more intense than Streamline loans — though a cash-out refi is still accessible to most borrowers with a credit score of 580 or higher and a debt-to-income ratio (DTI) of 43% or less.

FHA 203(k) Refinance

Finally, the FHA 203(k) loan, also known as a rehabilitation loan, allows homeowners to take out money for the purpose of restoring, rehabilitating, or repairing their home along with purchasing it. FHA 203(k) loans can be used for an original purchase or a refinance, and homeowners with a non-FHA loan can apply for 203(k) refinancing, and may find FHA-insured rates are lower than those of other home improvement loans.

FHA-to-Conventional Refinance

Some people with FHA loans prefer to refinance into a conventional loan. If you have more than 20% equity in your home, you can refinance into a conventional loan and you likely won’t have to pay a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) on top of your conventional loan payment. In the process, you’ll get rid of your FHA mortgage insurance. To obtain a conventional loan, you’ll likely need a credit score of at least 620.

Comparing FHA Refinance vs. Conventional Loan Refinance

Why choose to refinance with an FHA loan rather than a conventional one? Or vice versa? There are pros and cons to consider either way you go. For instance, although FHA refinance loans tend to come with more accessible qualification requirements, some types are only available for those with existing FHA loans — and all of them require an FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP). The important thing is to consider all your options so you can make an informed decision. Let’s take a closer look.

Pros and Cons of Refinancing with an FHA Loan

While there are many benefits to mortgage refinancing with an FHA loan, there are some drawbacks to consider, too.

Differences in Requirements and Benefits

In addition to the pros and cons of FHA loan refinancing, there are also differences in the requirements and benefits for FHA versus conventional home refinancing loans. For instance, in most cases, FHA loans require a minimum credit score of just 580, whereas conventional loans might have a minimum credit score starting at 620 or higher.

And while FHA loans often come with lower interest rates, they always come with a mortgage insurance requirement — whereas conventional loans may not require private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you already own at least 20% of your home’s equity.

Finally, FHA refinancing loan options may be somewhat limited, depending on your existing home loan and your motivations for refinancing. Some types of FHA refinancing loans are only available to homeowners who already have an FHA-insured mortgage, which may make them inaccessible to other borrowers.

When to Consider Switching from FHA to Conventional

It might be worth refinancing from an FHA loan into a conventional loan if you have at least 20% equity in your home and can therefore avoid mortgage insurance with a conventional loan. But ideally you would also be in a position to lower your interest rate on your loan by undergoing a refinance. Another thing to consider is your credit score. If you have improved your score and are now over 620 — or have an even higher score — it could be time to run the numbers on a refinance to a conventional loan. Much will depend on current interest rates.

Eligibility and FHA Refinance Requirements

So, what does it take to secure an FHA home loan? While requirements vary by lender, here are some basic rules of thumb:

Qualifying Factors for Refinancing an FHA Loan

As mentioned above, certain types of FHA refinance loans are only available to those who already have an FHA-insured mortgage loan. In addition, only FHA loans that are not delinquent — i.e., you’re up to date on your payments — may qualify for refinancing.

Credit Score Guidelines

While FHA-insured loans tend to have lower minimum credit scores than conventional refinance loans, lenders do still have a minimum. In most cases, it’s 580—though specifics may vary by lender.

Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)

A home’s loan-to-value (LTV) ratio refers to what percentage of the home’s current market value you’re taking out a loan for. Ideally, those who are refinancing their homes have a lower loan-to-value ratio — meaning they owe less of their home’s total value than they did when it was first purchased. Still, the LTV is one factor lenders look at when qualifying borrowers for an FHA refinance loan; the lower your LTV, the better.

Employment and Income Verification

Lenders have a vested interest in making sure you’ll be able to repay your loan, so a lender will verify your employment situation and income before qualifying you for a new loan, whether you’re taking out an original mortgage or refinancing.

Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)

Your debt-to-income, or DTI, ratio refers to the proportion of your available income each month that goes toward existing debts. While FHA loans have a higher maximum DTI than other types — borrowers with DTIs as high as 57% may still qualify — some lenders may choose not to qualify borrowers with a DTI of 43% or more.

💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably got mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.

Specific Requirements for Streamline Refinance

For the FHA’s Streamline refinance program, certain specific requirements apply, including:

•   The existing mortgage must also be FHA-insured.

•   The refinance must result in a “net tangible benefit” to the borrower.

•   Only up to $500 may be taken out of the loan in cash.

•   In most cases, investment properties are ineligible.

Criteria for Cash-Out Refinance

In order to qualify for an FHA cash-out refinance, you’ll need:

•   To have lived in your home for at least 12 months

•   To own at least 20% of your home’s equity

•   A minimum credit score of 580

•   A debt-to-income (DTI) ratio of 43% or lower

FHA Seasoning Requirements for Refinancing

One other consideration you’ll have if you are thinking about refinancing an FHA loan is the seasoning requirement. “Seasoning” refers to the length of time that must pass between your obtaining the loan and your taking action to change it.

Seasoning time varies according to your loan type and the action you wish to take. For example, if you are refinancing to eliminate PMI, you may need to wait two years from your initial loan date. To do a Streamline refinance, borrowers must have made at least six payments on the FHA-insured mortgage that is being refinanced. At least six months must have passed since the first payment due date of the mortgage, and at least 210 days must have passed from the closing date of the mortgage being refinanced.

Benefits of Refinancing an FHA Loan

What are the specific benefits of refinancing with an FHA loan? Here are just a few of the reasons people choose to take this route when refinancing a mortgage.

Lower Interest Rate and Monthly Payment

For most homeowners, the primary motivator for an FHA mortgage refinance is to save money — either over the long term, by scoring a lower interest rate, or on a monthly basis by choosing a loan with a lower minimum monthly payment. In some instances, you may be able to achieve both goals with the same refinancing loan, particularly if your credit history has appreciably improved since you originally took out your mortgage.

New Loan Terms

Some borrowers refinance to give themselves more time to pay off their home loan with a longer term — or to accelerate their repayment process with a shorter term.

Equity Access with a Cash-Out Refinance

For most consumers, a home is the single most valuable asset they’ll ever purchase. Being able to access the value of that equity with a cash-out refinance option is another important motivator for those seeking to refinance, and FHA refinance loans can make that goal a reality whether or not your original loan is FHA-insured.

Avoid Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

For borrowers looking to avoid private mortgage insurance (PMI), take heed: Although FHA loans don’t require PMI, they do require mortgage insurance. The FHA-loan version is called MIP (mortgage insurance premium), and is required on all FHA loans.

Improve Financial Stability

For some borrowers, refinancing can improve overall financial stability by achieving any of the goals listed above — for example, freeing up more discretionary income each month with a lower monthly payment.

Ability to Consolidate Debt

Borrowers who do a cash-out refinance might use the cash provided by their refinance to pay off higher-interest debt, such as debt from a personal loan or credit card. Instead of making payments to multiple lines of credit each month, they essentially roll their debt payment into their mortgage payment, simplifying their finances.

Steps to Refinance an FHA Loan

Seriously considering an FHA refinance loan? Here are the steps it takes to turn your ideation into reality.

1. Review Your Current FHA Loan

1.    The first step in shopping for a new loan should always be to review your existing mortgage. After all, that’s the best way to understand what factors would make a new mortgage more favorable for your finances. If your original loan is not FHA-insured, note that you may not qualify for certain types of FHA refinancing loans.

2. Shop for Lenders and Offers

2.    Next up: The actual shopping part. In order to ensure you get the best deal available, it’s worth asking several lenders for refinancing quotes, including a full amortization schedule. That way, you’ll understand exactly how much money you stand to save — or not — by choosing a specific lender.

3. Submit an Application and Required Documentation

3.    Once you’ve settled on a lender, you’ll submit your application, including any required documentation (such as ID and income verification, including bank statements and tax forms). In most cases, this process can be done entirely online.

4. Go Through the Appraisal and Underwriting Process

4.    As part of most refinancing processes, you’ll need to have your home appraised so the lender understands its current market value — and can use that value to calculate important aspects of your application, like the LTV. An underwriter will assess your holistic financial profile to determine whether or not you qualify for the refinance loan.

5. Close the Refinance

5.    Finally, if the terms are favorable and you are approved, you’ll close the refinance loan. The new lender will repay your existing loan, and your new payments will be directed toward this new lender, using the new terms you’ve agreed to.

Tips and Considerations for FHA Loan Refinancing

Want to get the very best out of your FHA loan refinancing process? Here are some tips to help you get the most bang for your buck.

Evaluate Your Financial Situation

Refinancing isn’t right for everyone. In fact, in most cases, the FHA won’t even allow you to refinance with one of its loans unless it results in a net financial benefit for you, the borrower. You can take a few first steps to determine whether or not it will help before you ever get a lender involved.

Using a mortgage calculator, you can determine how much a lower interest rate would save you over time or how much a longer loan term would reduce your monthly payment. Keep in mind that refinancing isn’t free, so unless the savings are substantial enough to eclipse your closing costs, it may make more financial sense to keep your original loan.

Understand Closing Costs and Fees

Loans come with a variety of closing costs and fees, such as application fees, the cost of the appraisal, attorney fees, and more. These costs can add up to about 6% of your overall loan value, and though some of them may be able to be financed as part of your loan, they still have the potential to eat into any savings your refinancing loan might offer.

Time Your Refinance Strategically

When it comes to refinancing your mortgage, timing matters. For example, if interest rates are higher than when you took out your original loan, the timing might not be right. The same could be said if you’re planning on moving out of your home in the near future, in which case, you may not have enough time in the home left to break even on your closing costs.

Consider Your Break-Even Point

A key piece of advice when you’re refinancing any home loan is to compute the break-even point on the refinance. A refinance comes with closing costs, and you’ll want to divide the closing costs by the monthly savings from your new mortgage payment to get to your personal break-even point.

For example, imagine that refinancing causes a payment to decrease by $100 a month. If closing costs will be $2,500, it would take 25 months to recoup the costs and start to see savings. If you plan to sell the house in 18 months, refinancing may not be the right strategy. If you intend to stay long term, it may be an idea to explore.

Common Mistakes in FHA Loan Refinancing

Here are some common errors borrowers make when undergoing the FHA loan refinancing process.

Misunderstanding the Eligibility Criteria

Although FHA loans come with more accessible eligibility criteria than many conventional loans, they do still have standards. If your credit score is less than 580 or your payments are delinquent, you’re unlikely to qualify for an FHA refinancing loan.

Ignoring Closing Costs and Fees

As mentioned, closing costs and fees can really add up — so if you don’t take them into account when you’re considering a refinance, you may wind up with an unpleasant case of sticker shock.

Not Considering Long-Term Financial Goals

Refinancing your home, when done best, is all about saving money over time, which means having enough time for those savings to accrue. If you’re planning on selling your house and moving in three to five years, refinancing may actually end up being more expensive than staying with a higher-rate original loan. Additionally, if you’re refinancing primarily to lower your monthly payment and make ends easier to meet, don’t forget to keep your long-term finances in mind. It may not be worth the extra monthly money to pay thousands more in interest overall.

The Takeaway

FHA refinance loans are available for homeowners whose original loans are FHA-insured — as well as for those who have a conventional original mortgage. FHA loan requirements vary depending on which type of loan you’re considering, and may not be right for everyone. But if you can meet the qualifications and derive a solid financial benefit from an FHA refinance, it may be worthwhile to embark on the process.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can you refinance an FHA loan without an appraisal?

Yes — but only if you qualify for an FHA Streamline loan, which requires your original loan also be an FHA-insured loan.

What happens if your home’s value has decreased?

Even if your home’s value has decreased, you may still be eligible for a refinance loan through the FHA Streamline program. It all depends on how much you owe on your home and your other qualifying factors. (Keep in mind, too, that this program requires that your original home loan also be an FHA one.)

Can you refinance an FHA loan if you’re behind on payments?

No. All FHA loan refinance programs require borrowers to be up-to-date on their loan payments, with most including provisions that there must not have been any payments more than 30 days late within the last six months.

How soon can you refinance an FHA loan?

How soon you can refinance your FHA loan will depend on what kind of refinance you’re planning. If you are doing an FHA Streamline refinance, at least 210 days must have passed from the closing date of the mortgage you’re refinancing, and certain other loan “seasoning” requirements may also apply. Moving from an FHA loan into a conventional loan usually requires at least six months of on-time payments since the loan’s closing.

What credit score is needed to refinance an FHA loan?

If you are refinancing from an FHA loan into another FHA loan, you will likely need a credit score of at least 580. Going from an FHA loan into a conventional loan will require a minimum score of 620.

Photo credit: iStock/gremlin

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency. ^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®
Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SOHL-Q425-200

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There are many steps to the home-buying process. If you’re taking out an FHA loan (a loan backed by the Federal Housing Authority) to buy a property, you’ll most likely need to get an appraisal to verify the value and condition of the home. Let’s take a closer look at how FHA appraisals work, what to expect from FHA loan inspection requirements, and how to prepare, particularly if you’re a first-time homebuyer and have never been through the process before.

Understanding FHA Appraisals and Inspections

An FHA loan appraisal is an in-person assessment performed by an accredited appraiser. The purpose of the appraisal is to evaluate how much a house is worth and determine if it meets minimum safety and livability standards. The appraisal is sent to the lender for further evaluation before a FHA loan can be approved. FHA appraisals are typically required whether the borrower is buying or refinancing a home with an FHA loan. A buyer might meet all the other FHA loan requirements but an FHA appraisal is still needed in order for a loan to get the green light.

FHA Inspections vs. Appraisals

The appraiser only factors in readily observable conditions. A home inspection, by comparison, is much more in-depth in its assessment of a property’s need for repairs. Does the FHA require inspection of the home by a home inspector? No. An FHA appraisal may pick up some problems an inspector might see. But many homebuyers still order a traditional home inspection alongside their FHA appraisal.

Besides the property value, the FHA appraisal requirements evaluated during an FHA appraisal include the safety, security, and soundness of a home. In other words, the home should be safe for occupants to inhabit, protect the security of the property, and not have physical deficiencies or conditions impacting the structural integrity and ability to market it for future sale.

Appraisers are required to describe the property conditions, including any renovations, necessary repairs, or deterioration. Minor issues, such as missing handrails, cracked windows, or worn countertops, do not require automatic repair.

Differences Between FHA and Conventional Appraisal

Whether a borrower is seeking an FHA loan or a conventional loan, a home appraisal estimates the fair market value of a home based on the property condition and nearby home values. But FHA loans must meet the minimum standards set by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This means that FHA appraisal requirements also consider the health and safety of the property, while conventional appraisals focus on the property’s value and condition. So in a sense, while the process is technically an appraisal, there are FHA loan inspection requirements that must be met. FHA lenders may require that any health and safety hazards be addressed before approving the mortgage.

FHA appraisers follow HUD guidelines for minimum property standards. During the appraisal, they analyze and report a property’s physical and economic characteristics to provide an opinion of its value. HUD requires FHA appraisers to have state certification and meet the minimum certification criteria issued by the Appraiser Qualification Board.

How Do FHA Appraisals Work?

An FHA loan appraisal involves two steps. The appraiser will complete a site visit to inspect the property condition and perform market research for comparable homes in the area to estimate the market value of the home.

The appraiser will inspect the home’s interior and exterior to determine the property’s safety and soundness. The appraiser’s findings, plus information on the home like square footage and the year it was built, are cataloged in HUD’s Uniform Residential Appraisal Report.

To estimate the property’s value, the appraiser evaluates the selling prices for comparable homes in the same area that were recently sold. This information, combined with the property’s condition and characteristics, is used to estimate the market value.

Recommended: The Ultimate Home Inspection Checklist

What’s the Purpose of an FHA Appraisal?

FHA appraisals are required by lenders to ensure that the loan amount doesn’t exceed the market value of the property. The appraisal process is also used to determine that a property meets FHA standards for health and safety.

Safety and Structural Standards

In terms of occupant health and safety, the FHA appraisal looks out for exposure to hazardous materials, such as lead paint and asbestos. Mold, radon gas, and poor insulation are other potential safety risks that would be flagged in an appraisal. The overall property structure needs to be in sufficient condition to keep occupants safe. This means that damage to the foundation, structural decay, or anything that impacts the long-term integrity of the home would not meet FHA requirements.

Compliance with Minimum Property Standards (MPS)

FHA appraisals follow the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) set by HUD. The MPS establishes baseline conditions to cover aspects of a property that aren’t met by model building codes. For example, the MPS covers doors, gutters, and wall coverings to ensure the property value is not impacted by the quality of these components.

What to Expect from an FHA Appraisal

Being prepared for an FHA appraisal can help streamline the loan application and homebuying process. Here’s what to expect from FHA appraisal guidelines:

Appraisal Timeline and Duration

The duration of an FHA appraisal site visit varies by property size and condition, but plan for it to take between one and several hours to complete. The full appraisal report is usually complete within a week.

Common Issues That Can Affect the Appraisal Outcome

There are a number of issues and property conditions that the FHA requires to be remedied for loan approval. Some common FHA loan appraisal requirements that could trigger problems include:

•   Roof condition or damage

•   Exposed wires

•   Water heater temperature and pressure relief valve

•   Damaged foundation

•   Peeling paint (for homes built before 1978)

Conditions That Won’t Pass FHA Inspection

It’s important to know what won’t meet FHA loan inspection requirements. Any property conditions that impact the safety and health of occupants could need to be addressed in order to get FHA loan approval. Besides the common issues outlined above, hazards, nuisances, and obstructions to property access could fail to pass FHA inspection. For example, the level of traffic or proximity to a hazardous waste site could violate FHA standards.

Ultimately, the property valuation accounts for the home condition, square footage, any renovations, and the number of bedrooms and bathrooms. The appraiser must observe neighborhood characteristics and surrounding properties to make determinations that will be incorporated into the valuation of the property.

FHA Inspection Requirements Checklist

Sellers can plan ahead and fix what won’t pass FHA inspection to avoid delays and improve the marketability of their home. Here’s how to address some common issues that could cause a property to fail an FHA appraisal.

•   Roof repair: Fix leaks and consider a new roof if life expectancy is less than three years.

•   Chipped or peeling paint: Scrape and repaint peeling surfaces if property was built prior to 1978.

•   Water heater: Ensure the water heater has a pressure and temperature relief valve and sufficient piping.

•   Plumbing: Repair all toilets, showers, and sinks that aren’t in working order as leaky plumbing won’t pass FHA inspection.

Both the inspection and the home’s appraised value are critical to FHA loan approval. Sellers and their real estate agents are permitted to communicate with an appraiser to offer additional property information that can contribute to the valuation of the home. Gathering documentation beforehand on any home improvements can ensure the appraiser has everything needed for an accurate valuation.

Recommended: What Are the Most Common Home Repair Costs?

What Happens After an FHA Appraisal?

The FHA appraisal report will provide the estimated market value and outline any required repairs or alterations that need to be completed for FHA loan approval.

What to Do if the Home Sale Appraisal Comes Back Low

If an FHA appraisal comes back low, there are several possible scenarios. The seller can lower the sale price to accommodate the appraised value. Alternatively, the buyer can renegotiate to lower the price and potentially contribute a larger down payment to cover the portion of the home price that is not covered by the FHA loan. As a last resort, a buyer would be permitted to walk away from the deal if the FHA lender’s requirements can’t be met.

What to Do if the Refinance Appraisal Comes Back Low

If refinancing with a FHA loan and the appraisal comes back low, there are a few courses of action available to borrowers. First, review the appraisal report to see if an appraiser missed anything important. If so, providing the correct information to get another appraisal could result in a higher appraised value.

If disputing the appraisal isn’t an option or successful, borrowers can consider restructuring the loan to take less cash out. Finally, the loan can be denied if the terms are not beneficial to the borrower.

What to Do if the Appraiser Requests Further Repairs

The appraisal may identify repairs that need to be completed to close on the loan. Unless otherwise outlined in the purchase and sale agreement, sellers are typically on the hook for repairs. The sellers have up to 120 days to make necessary repairs and meet FHA standards if required by a lender.

Alternatively, buyers can pay for the repairs themselves. If the issues impact the health, safety, and livability of the property, they’ll need to be completed prior to closing. Other non-safety repairs can be completed after closing. Note that delayed repairs may require an extra escrow holdback for the estimated costs.

Once repairs and issues have been addressed, the property can be reassessed. Borrowers can consider a FHA 203(k) loan to finance both the purchase and rehabilitation costs through a single loan if the repairs are an obstacle to closing. Buyers might consider renegotiating their offer to reflect the repair costs being financed.

If appraisal-related issues are delaying closing, buyers can consider a mortgage rate lock to secure their interest rate for a set period. This can help buy more time for repairs to be made without losing out on favorable loan terms.

What to Do if the Appraisal Comes Back at or Higher Than the Expected Amount

The loan simply moves forward if the appraisal comes back at or higher than the expected amount, barring any request for further repairs.

FHA appraisals are valid for 180 days unless it’s updated. If updated, an appraisal can be good for up to one year.

Recommended: FHA Loan Closing Cost Calculator

Impact of FHA Appraisal on Loan Approval

The FHA appraisal influences loan approval in two key ways. First, the appraisal evaluates the property condition and identifies if any repairs or further inspections are required for loan approval. Second, the appraised value determines the total loan amount a buyer is approved for. If the appraised value is lower than the purchase price on the contract, either a price reduction or larger down payment could fill the gap to get loan approval.

Repairs aside, how long can you wait after the appraisal to close on an FHA loan? It helps to understand how long an FHA appraisal is good for. Once the borrower and lender receive a copy of the FHA appraisal, it’s valid for 180 days.

A conditional approval from the lender will outline the required repairs to be made in order to close. After the appraisal is approved in underwriting, the loan will most likely be cleared to close. Prior to closing, borrowers will receive a mortgage closing disclosure which outlines the total funds needed to close.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

The Takeaway

FHA appraisals estimate a property’s value and assess its condition to determine if it meets safety and livability standards set by HUD. Understanding the conditions and issues that won’t pass FHA inspection is important for buyers and sellers alike.

SoFi offers a wide range of FHA loan options that are easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate than a conventional mortgage. You can put down as little as 3.5%, making an FHA loan a great option for first-time homebuyers.

Another perk: FHA loans are assumable mortgages!

FAQ

How does the appraised value affect the loan amount?

With FHA loans, the appraised value of the property determines the loan amount a borrower can qualify for.

Can you contest an FHA appraisal?

Yes, you can contest an FHA appraisal and provide additional information to inform the property valuation. However, there’s no guarantee that the appraiser will change the valuation.

What happens if the property doesn’t meet FHA requirements?

If a property doesn’t meet FHA requirements, buyers can ask the seller to make the necessary repairs. Alternatively, buyers can consider other types of home loans, such as a conventional mortgage.

How do FHA appraisals impact refinance applications?

If a home appraises for less than its owner thought it was worth, this could affect the ability to refinance, or the available loan amount for the refinance. Ultimately, a refi plan could be thrown off course by an unexpectedly low appraisal.

Is an FHA appraisal different for a new-construction home?

A new-construction home still has to meet the FHA’s requirements and standards. A key difference in the FHA appraisal process for new homes: If the home is 90% or less completed, the lender must provide the appraiser with a copy of the floor plan and other documents necessary to determine the size and quality level of the house. If construction is more than 90% complete, the lender must provide a list of what will be installed or completed after the inspection date.

How long is an FHA appraisal good for?

An FHA appraisal is valid for 180 days unless it’s updated. If updated, an appraisal can be good for up to one year.

Can an FHA appraisal affect interest rates?

An FHA appraisal won’t directly affect the interest rate you are offered for an FHA loan; however, if the home you wish to purchase appraises for less than the sale price, then the appraisal may affect your ability to obtain an FHA loan.

How long do you have after appraisal to close an FHA loan?

An FHA appraisal is good for 180 days and can be extended under certain conditions. But buyers typically close within 30 to 45 days after the appraisal.

Photo credit: iStock/valentinrussanov

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency. Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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