What Is a Draw Period on a HELOC?
A home equity line of credit or HELOC is a revolving credit line secured by your home. HELOCs have two phases: a draw period and a repayment period.
Your HELOC draw period is the window of time in which you can access your credit line before you must begin repaying what you have borrowed. A typical HELOC draw period is five years, though yours may be shorter or longer, depending on the terms of your borrowing agreement.
Here’s a closer look at how a home equity line of credit draw period works.
Key Points
• A HELOC is a revolving line of credit secured by your home.
• During your HELOC draw period, you can use your credit line to consolidate debt, pay for home repairs, or fund other financial goals.
• Interest may accrue during the draw period and your lender may expect you to make interest-only or minimum monthly payments.
• Once the draw period ends, you can’t make further withdrawals from your credit line.
• You can pay a HELOC off during the draw period but your lender may assess a prepayment penalty or early termination fee.
Understanding the Draw Period
What is a HELOC draw period? Simply put, it’s when you’re allowed to access your credit line. During the draw period, you can spend up to your credit limit and make payments to reduce the outstanding balance. That’s similar to how a credit card works.
Your choice of lender can influence how long your HELOC draw period lasts. Some lenders offer HELOCs with a five-year draw period; others extend it up to 10 years. Comparing HELOC options can help you decide which line of credit best suits your needs. Examine mortgage rates and consider getting preapproved for a HELOC to see what you might qualify for. Look for HELOC lenders that offer mortgage preapproval with no impact on your credit.
Recommended: HELOC Definition
How the Draw Period Works
The draw period on a home equity line gives you freedom and flexibility to spend, up to your credit limit. There are a few key details to know, however, about how a HELOC draw period works.
Accessing Funds
HELOC lenders can offer multiple ways to access funds during the draw period. Your options might include:
Paper checks
• An ATM card or debit card
• ACH transfers to a linked bank account
• In-person cash withdrawals (if you opened your HELOC at a local bank)
Your HELOC lender should provide monthly statements showing your transaction activity, including how withdrawals were made, the amount, and the date. Keeping track of draws can help you calculate what your repayment installments may be later on.
Payment Structure
Your lender may require monthly payments during your HELOC draw period. The payment may be a set minimum dollar amount, or a payment equivalent to the interest only.
HELOCs typically accrue interest daily. Here’s how to find your daily interest accrual.
• Divide your annual percentage rate (APR) by 365 (number of days in the year)
• Multiply the result by your balance to find your daily interest accrual
For example, say you owe $50,000 to a HELOC at an annual APR of 5.00%. If you plug in the numbers, the math looks like this:
Note that some lenders might use 360 instead of 365 to find your daily interest rate. That number assumes that every month has 30 days.
Your loan agreement should specify whether you’re required to make interest-only payments or a flat minimum payment. Keep in mind that if you can pay more than the minimum due, that’s usually a good idea. The bigger dent you can make in your balance during the draw period, the less you’ll have to repay later.
Have questions about home equity lines work in general? Explore our in-depth HELOC loan guide.
Interest Rates
HELOCs may have fixed or variable rates. A fixed interest rate stays the same for the life of the loan; variable rates, meanwhile, can increase or decrease over time based on changes to an underlying index or benchmark rate.
Variable-rate HELOCs can use the prime rate, LIBOR, or Treasury bill rate as their index rate. The prime rate is common, as it represents the rate at which banks lend to their most creditworthy customers. Lenders may charge a prime rate + a margin rate to set your HELOC rate.
Recommended: Understanding the Mortgage APR
Transitioning from Draw to Repayment Period
If you’re asking what is the draw period on a HELOC, it’s also important to ask what comes after. As you get closer to the end of your draw period, you’ll need to begin preparing for the repayment phase.
End of Draw Period
The end of your HELOC draw period is determined by the lender at the outset. Again, you may have five years, 10 years, or somewhere in between to spend with your credit line. Once the draw period ends, you can’t make any more withdrawals.
Your loan agreement should specify the end date of your draw period and when you’re expected to make your first regular monthly payment.
Can you extend a HELOC draw period? Maybe. Your lender might offer the option to renew your draw period so you have more time to access your credit line. You might pay a fee for the convenience.
The other option would be to refinance your HELOC into a new HELOC. That would give you a new draw period, followed by a new repayment term.
Repayment Terms
HELOC repayment may last anywhere from 10 to 30 years — it depends on the terms of your loan agreement. During the repayment period, you’ll make payments to the principal (meaning the amount you originally borrowed) and the interest.
HELOC repayment is amortized the same as other home loans, such as FHA loans or VA loans. Your lender should give you an amortization schedule showing how many payments you’ll make total and how much of each payment goes to principal vs. interest.
Can you pay off a HELOC during the draw period? Yes, if your lender allows you to do so. Be aware, however, that your lender might assess a prepayment penalty for an early HELOC payoff. Prepayment penalties allow lenders to recoup some of the interest they lose out on collecting when a borrower pays a loan off early.6
Impact on Monthly Payments
How much will you have to pay monthly to your home equity line of credit? It’s an important question to ask when planning your budget once the draw period ends.
Your HELOC payment amount is determined by:
• Your principal balance
• Interest rate and fees
• Repayment term
If you have a fixed-rate HELOC, your monthly payments will be the same for the entirety of your repayment term. If you took out a variable-rate HELOC, your payments could change over time if your rate rises or falls.
Strategies During the Draw Period
Your HELOC draw period is for spending, but there are some things you can do to minimize what you’ll have to repay later. Here are a few tips for managing your home equity line of credit during the draw period and beyond.
Making Principal Payments
You may be obligated to make minimum or interest-only payments during the draw period, but consider whether you could make payments to the principal as well. For example, you might:
• Apply your tax refund to the principal
• Use a year-end bonus to wipe out some of the balance
• Make biweekly payments or micropayments toward the principal
• Double up on your regular monthly payments
Reducing your principal balance can shrink the amount of interest that accrues. And it can lower your monthly payments once you enter the repayment period.
Monitoring Interest Rates
If you have a variable-rate HELOC, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on interest rates. If you anticipate a rate hike sometime in the future, you may want to explore HELOC refinancing options.
Refinancing a variable-rate HELOC into a fixed-rate line of credit can offer some predictability with monthly payments. You don’t have to worry about your rate — and your payment — going up over time. You could also consider using a fixed-rate personal loan to pay off your HELOC debt. The advantage of this approach is that personal loans aren’t tied to your home. So if you lose your job or get sick and can’t work, you don’t have to worry about losing your home if you fall behind on the loan payments.
Monitoring Interest Rates
If you have a variable-rate HELOC, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on interest rates. If you anticipate a rate hike sometime in the future, you may want to explore HELOC refinancing options.
Refinancing a variable-rate HELOC into a fixed-rate line of credit can offer some predictability with monthly payments. You don’t have to worry about your rate — and your payment — going up over time. You could also consider using a fixed-rate personal loan to pay off your HELOC debt. The advantage of this approach is that personal loans aren’t tied to your home. So if you lose your job or get sick and can’t work, you don’t have to worry about losing your home if you fall behind on the loan payments.
Planning for Repayment
Your regular monthly HELOC payments may be significantly higher than your minimum or interest-only payments. So it makes sense to look at your budget to make sure you can afford what you’ll be expected to pay.
A HELOC repayment calculator is a helpful tool for estimating monthly payments and the total interest paid. You can just plug in your HELOC balance, rate, and repayment term to see how your payments might add up.
The Takeaway
What is a draw period on a HELOC? It’s your window to spend before repayment begins. The tips we’ve shared here can help you make the most of your draw period. If you’re still in the “shopping for a HELOC” phase, do your research: Look at different lenders’ interest rates, find out what is a HELOC draw period at various lenders, and inquire about prepayment policies and annual fees to find a lender whose offerings fit your needs.
SoFi now partners with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively lower rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.
FAQ
Can I make principal payments during the draw period?
Yes, you should be able to make principal payments during the draw period if your lender allows it. You can review your loan agreement or contact your lender to ask if principal payments are allowed and how to make them. Paying down the principal during the draw period can reduce what you have to repay later and potentially save you money on interest.
What happens if I don’t use my HELOC during the draw period?
One of the great things about a HELOC is that you only pay interest on the amount of your credit line you use. If you don’t use your HELOC during the draw period, there would be nothing to repay with interest later. You may still be responsible for paying annual maintenance fees or other fees associated with your line of credit.
Are there fees associated with the draw period of a HELOC?
HELOCs can come with a variety of fees, including annual or membership fees. If your lender charges an annual fee, you’ll pay it yearly during the draw period and the repayment period. The same goes for membership fees, which should all be explained in your loan agreement.7
How does the draw period affect my credit score?
HELOCs can affect your credit scores in the draw period in two key ways: payment history and credit utilization. Making the required monthly payments on time and keeping your HELOC balance low, relative to your overall credit limit, are the simplest ways to keep your credit score in good standing. Once you enter the repayment period, you’ll just want to continue making monthly payments on time.8
Can the draw period be extended?
Your HELOC lender may allow you to extend your draw period by renewing your line of credit. You may pay a fee to do so. If your lender doesn’t offer renewal, you might look into refinancing your line of credit into a new HELOC with a new draw period.
Photo credit: iStock/milorad kravic
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