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A home inspection is an examination of the home’s structure and mechanical systems. It’s typically performed during the escrow period of a real estate transaction so that buyers can gather information about the condition of the property. This information can help them decide if they want to complete the transaction or cancel the contract.

Many real estate professionals advise homebuyers to purchase a home inspection to protect their money and investment. While a home inspection can reveal many pitfalls associated with buying a particular piece of property, it also has limitations buyers should be aware of.

Note: SoFi does not offer home inspections at this time. However, SoFi does offer conventional mortgage loan options.

What Is a Home Inspection?

A home inspection is a visual assessment of a property’s condition, including the major mechanical, structural, and visual elements of a home. This includes things like the electrical, plumbing, foundation, walls, ceiling, heating and cooling systems, leaks, mold, and structural elements.

Getting a home inspection is one way that borrowers can protect their money when taking on a home mortgage loan. Because home inspection reports can reveal potentially expensive problems with a home, homebuyers may be able to renegotiate the contract, ask home sellers to fix problems, or withdraw from the contract entirely.

What Does a Home Inspection Include?

If you’ve been looking at properties, you probably already know some basics of what to look for when buying a house. But a home inspection delves more deeply than you could in your initial examination. It includes information about the home’s condition, including mechanical systems such as the HVAC, roof, electrical, plumbing, walls, ceiling, floor, windows, doors, foundation, and other structural components.

It’s important to note that inspectors have some limitations. If the electricity isn’t on, they can’t do an inspection of it. There are other systems that are not usually included in a standard home inspection, such as an inspection of a well or septic system.

💡 Quick Tip: A major home purchase may mean a jumbo loan, but it doesn’t have to mean a jumbo down payment. Apply for a jumbo mortgage with SoFi, and you could put as little as 10% down.

When Should You Get a Home Inspection?

Whether you’re a first-time homebuyer or have bought multiple properties, if you’re in a real estate transaction, you should get a home inspection when you want to feel more comfortable with your purchase. You’ll want to make an appointment with the home inspector as soon as your contract is signed. (A seller might also want to get an inspection before putting a home on the market, so that any big issues can be fixed before they hurt the home appraisal value.)

Home Inspection Checklist

Not quite sure what is checked on a home inspection? It’s helpful to know what the home inspection may include in a home inspection checklist.

Grounds

•   Is there proper grading and drainage away from the home or is standing water visible?

•   Are the walkways, yard, trees, and landscaping in good condition? Do branches or trees hang over the house?

•   Is there evidence of termite or water damage on exterior structures?

•   Are the railings secure and stable?

Structure

•   Are the sides of the house straight, without sagging or bowing?

•   Do windows and door frames appear square?

•   Do the roof ridge and fascia (the lower beam supporting the gutters) appear straight?

•   Is the foundation straight with no major cracks?

Exterior surfaces

•   Is the siding or stucco in good condition?

•   Do masonry veneers have cracks or flakes?

•   Is there any wood in contact with the ground?

•   Is the paint peeling or chipping?

•   Are there any vines covering the exterior surfaces of the home?

•   Are there stains on exterior surfaces?

Windows, door, and trim

•   Are door frames cracked or rotting?

•   Are windows in working order with no breaks?

•   Are the joints of windows and doors caulked?

Roof

•   Are shingles cracked, rotting, missing, or curling? Are there more than two layers?

•   Are there obvious patches, cracks, splits, or wrinkling on a flat roof?

•   Are the flashing and soffit in good shape?

•   Is there exterior venting for eave areas?

•   Are the gutters in good shape?

•   Are the chimneys straight, properly flashed, with no evidence of cracked joints?

Attic

•   Are there stains on the underside of the roof?

•   Is there damage or rot to the structure?

•   Is there sufficient insulation and ventilation?

•   Is there plumbing, exhaust or plumbing terminating in the attic?

•   Are there open electrical splices?

Interior rooms

•   Do floors, walls, and ceilings seem plumb and level?

•   Are there stains or cracks in the walls or ceiling?

•   Are the paint or wall covering, flooring, and trim in good condition?

•   Do the lights and switches operate correctly?

•   Are there enough electrical outlets? Do they work properly?

•   Is there heating and cooling in each room?

•   Is there cracked or broken masonry around the fireplace? Is there evidence of backdrafting? Does the damper operate properly?

Kitchen

•   Is there a working exhaust fan venting to the outside?

•   Are there GFCI outlets within 6 feet of the sink?

•   Does the dishwasher operate and drain properly?

•   Are there leaks in the pipes under the sink?

•   Does the floor under the sink have evidence of water?

•   Is the water flow adequate?

•   Are the cabinets in good condition?

•   Do built-in appliances operate properly?

Bathrooms

•   Is there a working exhaust fan that doesn’t terminate in the attic?

•   Is there adequate pressure and flow at all fixtures?

•   Is the toilet stable and working properly?

•   Are metal elements free of rust?

•   Is the caulking on the tub, toilet, and shower in good condition?

•   Are there stains or evidence of past leaking?

Basement or mechanical room

•   Is there evidence of moisture?

•   Are there stains or cracks on exposed foundation?

•   Is there visible sagging, stains, or damage from insects in exposed wood elements?

•   Is there insulation at rim/band joists?

Crawl space

•   Is the crawl space adequately vented to the exterior?

•   Is there insulation on exposed water supply, waste, and vent lines?

•   Is there insulation between the crawl space and the heated areas of the home?

•   Is there evidence of moisture or pest damage?

Plumbing

•   Is there evidence of leaking or cracked pipes?

•   Are there signs of rust on the water heater? Is it vented properly? Is it the correct size to produce enough water for the home?

•   Does the water pump short cycle?

•   Do the galvanized pipes restrict water flow?

•   Is the well water test acceptable?

•   Is the hot water temperature between 118 and 125 degrees Fahrenheit?

Electrical

•   Are there exposed splices? Knob and tube wiring?

•   Does the service panel have adequate capacity?

•   Is there aluminum cable for branch circuits?

Heating and cooling systems

•   Is there good air flow from all vents?

•   Are there open seams in the flues?

•   Is there rust around the cooling unit?

•   Is there a combustion gas odor?

•   Is the air filter clean?

•   Is the ductwork in good condition?

•   Is there asbestos on the components?

•   Are there separate flues for oil/gas/propane and wood/coal?

Miscellaneous

•   Are smoke and carbon monoxide detectors in place?

•   Are stair risers and treads in good shape?

•   Are stair handrails in good condition?

•   Does the garage door opener work properly?

Recommended: The Cost of Living by State

What Are Problems That May Fail a Home Inspection?

The most common problem areas that cause a home inspection to fail (meaning, the buyer pulls out of the transaction because of the severity of the issues) include:

•   Faulty roof or foundation

•   Pests

•   Low water pressure

•   Failing windows

•   Electrical issues

•   Drainage issues

•   Failing heating system

•   Wood rot

•   Leaks

•   Mold

•   Building code violations

•   Toxic building materials (like asbestos or lead-based paint)

What Happens if a House Fails Inspection?

If there’s an issue that’s too big to ignore, you have options.

1.    Ask the seller to make repairs. Sellers may be able to make the necessary repairs to get the property up to par.

2.    Ask for a credit from the seller at closing. If you’d rather have money to fix the problem yourself, you can negotiate for a credit from the seller.

3.    Resubmit a counteroffer with a lower price. You can submit an addendum to the contract that lowers the purchase price to reflect the condition of the property and remediation cost.

4.    Abandon ship. If the problems are too big and it doesn’t make financial sense to buy the property, you may just want to walk away.

5.    Buy it anyway. In a competitive real estate market, you may need to decide if the problems found during the inspection are worth bringing up. Sellers often have multiple offers or can sell the property “as is,” meaning, the property may be able to sell even with the problems found. This is dependent on the lender, of course, because lenders may not fund your mortgage if the problems found are severe. (Lenders find out this information in the home appraisal, not the home inspection. The home inspection is for you.)

What Are Home Inspectors Not Allowed to Do?

Home inspectors have some limits. The inspection may not include a close look at:

•   Outbuildings or fences

•   Pests

•   Mold

•   Sprinkler systems

•   Wells

•   Septic systems

•   Ducting

•   Vegetation and drainage

•   Swimming pools

Additionally, home inspectors may not climb on the roof, advise on the cost of repairs, or advise on the purchase of the property.

How Much Does a Home Inspection Cost?

According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the typical home inspection costs between $300 and $500. This will vary, of course, depending on the size of the home, region, age of the home, and other optional services you may want to opt for.

How to Find a Reputable Home Inspector

A good home inspector is invaluable and they’re not all created equal. If you want someone that will take a good look at your home, take these steps:

•   Ask for recommendations from family and friends. If someone you know had a great experience with a home inspector, get their number.

•   Ask your real estate agent for ideas. They’re in the business and likely have a good idea of which home inspectors are thorough and knowledgeable when it comes to a home inspection.

•   Read reviews. There are many sites that offer to connect service professionals with homeowners, and they usually have reviews of past work that you can see.

Pros and Cons of a Home Inspection

When it comes to a home inspection, there are a few pros and cons you’ll want to consider.

Pros

•   A trained professional can find issues you cannot. Even if you’re experienced in home construction, a professional has the advantage when it comes to thousands of potential issues the home could have.

•   It helps protect your money. A home inspection can help you determine if purchasing a certain property is right for you or not and can help you ensure that the home is fairly priced.

•   The report can be used as a negotiation tool. A home inspection that reveals an issue can be used to negotiate repairs, price reduction, or money to repair the issue.

Cons

•   It’s possible to miss major issues. Getting a home inspection doesn’t guarantee that there’s nothing wrong with the home you’re buying. The inspector can’t open up walls. And if the home doesn’t have all of its systems operational, the home inspector cannot inspect them.

•   You may need additional inspectors for specialized systems. If the property you’re buying has a well or a septic system, for example, you’ll likely need an additional inspection from someone qualified to inspect those systems.

💡 Quick Tip: If you refinance your mortgage and shorten your loan term, you could save a substantial amount in interest over the lifetime of the loan.

Do the Homebuyers Have to Be There?

Home inspectors generally do not require potential purchasers to be present when they complete the home inspection. However, it can be very helpful if the buyers make time to be there. The inspector can point out issues, address the severity of them, or make recommendations that are hard to express in a report.

How Long Does a Home Inspection Take?

On the day of the home inspection, how long a home inspection takes depends on the size of the home. Generally, the home inspection takes between two and four hours. After the inspection is complete, the report is usually sent within 24 to 48 hours.

Home Inspection Tips

After you receive your home inspection, you may see some unexpected things. These tips can help.

•   Don’t panic. Every house has something wrong with it. Most things are fixable and you just need to find out what it costs to fix.

•   Get estimates. The home inspection is usually just a starting point. You’ll need to find professionals to determine how much it will cost to fix.

•   Negotiate for fixes. Your real estate agent can ask the seller to fix items found in the home inspection. The estimates you get can come in handy.

•   Make a decision by the deadline. In your contract, you’ll likely have a date that you need to cancel to ensure you don’t lose your deposit. If something in the home inspection is upsetting enough for you to cancel the contract, you need to do it by the deadline.

The Takeaway

Home inspections are recommended because they can help buyers make an informed decision when it comes to purchasing property. When there’s a sizable amount of money at stake, it’s usually worth it to pay a few hundred dollars to uncover potential problems.

However, sometimes even a home inspection doesn’t catch everything wrong with a property. Keep in mind that once your home inspection is finished, you may need to hire a specialist to get to the root of the problem identified by the home inspector. With better information in your hands, you can be prepared to commit your money to a mortgage.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What things are big red flags in a home inspection?

Some big red flags to look for in a home inspection are potential issues related to the safety and strength of its construction and systems, such as foundation issues, electrical hazards, drainage issues, and leaks.

What is the importance of an inspection?

A home inspection can reveal potential problems or defects in a property. It can help buyers make better decisions and help protect their money.

What does an inspection agreement typically include?

If you see a home inspection agreement, it may include the scope of work, exclusions, date and fee for the inspection, extras that can be performed for a fee, dispute resolution process, limitations of liability, and statement of no guarantee or warranty of the inspection.

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Photo credit: iStock/LSOphoto

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers a mortgage financing program known as VA loans. This is designed to help veterans, active-duty service members, and surviving spouses get financing for a home loan.

When applying for any mortgage, there are additional costs on top of the purchase price of the property. These costs can be complex to figure out for first-time homebuyers, so there are calculators available to help.

A loan closing costs calculator is used to estimate the closing expenses associated with a mortgage loan such as a VA loan. These costs can include appraisal fees, loan origination fees, title and homeowner’s insurance, lawyer’s fees, and property taxes. The calculator takes into account the amount of the loan, the term of the loan, the interest rate, and the purchase price.

This guide will help you understand these costs and also calculate what these expenses might look like for your loan.

Why Use a VA Loan Closing Costs Calculator Table?

A VA loan closing costs calculator is a useful tool for anyone looking into applying for a VA loan. Because, yes, you do pay closing costs with a VA loan.

Although calculators only provide an estimate and not the final closing costs, you can enter the property and loan details and immediately get an idea about the total closing expenses you will be paying if you go through with the loan.

This helps with budgeting, comparing the cost of living in different locations, looking at different properties and loan options, and negotiation. It also helps educate borrowers about the loan process.


💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

How to Calculate Your VA Loan Closing Costs

Whether you are a first-time homebuyer or have been through the process before, it can be a good idea to acquaint yourself in advance with the fees you’ll pay when you get a home mortgage. The following are some of the common costs associated with VA loans:

•   VA funding fee: This is a required fee calculated as a percentage of the loan amount. The amount of this fee depends on factors such as the down payment amount and the type of service member applying. Worth noting: This is the one fee that you may be able to roll into the loan vs. pay separately.

Also, some people may be exempt from paying a funding fee, such as those who receive compensation for a service-related disability, among other scenarios.

•   Loan origination fee: This is a fee for processing the loan application (it’s charged by the lender, not the VA) and is generally a percentage of the loan amount. With a VA loan, it typically has a maximum and will not exceed 1% of the loan value.

•   Discount points: These are upfront payments that can be made to reduce the loan’s interest rate. Each percent of the loan amount is equal to one point.

•   Credit report: This is a fee for obtaining a credit report, which is used to determine the borrower’s creditworthiness. Having good credit is just one important part of qualifying for a home loan.

•   Appraisal fee: There is a fee for hiring an appraiser, who determines the value of the property being purchased.

•   Homeowners insurance: This is to secure the property against damage and losses. Borrowers generally pay the first year upfront.

•   Real estate taxes: If there are any unpaid property taxes, some or all may need to be paid at closing.

•   State and local taxes: Some states or cities may impose taxes or property transfer fees.

•   Title insurance: Title insurance protects against issues with the property’s title and is generally required by lenders.

•   Recording fee: This fee covers the cost of recording the mortgage and any related documents with the government.

Worth noting: With VA loans, you can save big because private mortgage insurance (PMI) isn’t required for those putting down less than 20%, as it might be with other kinds of home loans.


💡 Quick Tip: A VA loan can make home buying simple for qualified borrowers. Because the VA guarantees a portion of the loan, you could skip a down payment. Plus, you could qualify for lower interest rates, enjoy lower closing costs, and even bypass mortgage insurance.†

2024 VA Loan Funding Fee Calculator Table

Now that you understand the different fees that may be assessed when you take out a mortgage, take a closer look at what some of these fees look like for a typical VA loan. (Rates may differ for other types of VA loans, such as those for manufactured homes or that are part of the Native American Direct Loan program.)

Down Payment (%)	Funding Fee (1st Time)	Subsequent Funding Fee	Other Closing Costs
0-5%	2.15%	3.30%	$3,500 to $6,000
5-10%	1.50%	1.5%	$2,500 to $5,000
>10%	1.25%	1.25%	$2,000 to $4,000

Examples of VA Loan Closing Costs Calculations

Below are a few examples of closing costs for a VA loan in 2023:

Example 1: First-time homebuyer with no down payment

Loan Amount: $250,000
Down Payment: 0% (No down payment)
Funding Fee: 2.15% (First-time user)
Other Closing Costs: $5,000

Closing Costs Calculation:

Funding fee: $250,000 x 2.15% (0.0215) = $5,375
Other closing costs: $5,000
Total closing costs: $5,375 (funding fee) + $5,000 (other closing costs) = $10,375

Example 2: First-time homebuyer with a 5% down payment

Loan amount: $300,000
Down payment: 5% ($15,000)
Funding fee: 1.50% (first-time user)
Other closing costs: $6,500

Closing Costs Calculation:

Funding fee: ($300,000 – $15,000) x 1.50% (0.0165) = $4,275
Other closing costs: $6,500
Total closing costs: $4,275 (funding fee) + $6,500 (other closing costs) = $10,775

Example 3: Subsequent homebuyer with a 15% down payment

Loan amount: $400,000
Down payment: 15% ($60,000)
Funding fee: 1.25% (subsequent user)
Other closing costs: $7,000

Closing Costs Calculation:

Funding fee: ($400,000 – $60,000) x 1.25% = $4,250
Other closing costs: $7,000
Total closing costs: $4,250 (funding fee) + $7,000 (other closing costs) = $11,250

Recommended: The Cost of Living in California

Reasons to Calculate Your VA Loan Closing Costs First

Calculating VA loan closing costs is beneficial for a few reasons:

1.    Financial planning: Calculating closing costs for a VA loan upfront helps with planning finances and budgeting to make sure you have enough money to afford purchasing a home. It prevents unforeseen expenses and reduces stress throughout the buying process.

2.    Analyze affordability: Knowing closing costs can help you determine whether you can afford a property.

3.    Comparison shopping: Calculating closing expenses also helps with comparing various home mortgage loans so you can choose the terms that work best for you and potentially save money. While VA loans are one option, there are many types of mortgage loan choices that may be a good choice depending on your individual circumstances.

4.    Negotiation: Understanding closing costs provides a starting point for negotiation. Certain fees or terms may be negotiable, and having the knowledge of the starting points provides you, the borrower, with the information needed to get the best deal.

5.    Avoid surprises: Planning ahead can help prevent unforeseen costs that may arise during the closing process. It also allows you to compare the estimate to the final closing costs to make sure they are all accurate.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take to Close on a House?

Tips on How to Save on Your VA Loan Closing Costs

Here are some tips for how to save on VA loan closing costs:

•   Shop around for lenders: Compare closing cost estimates from various lenders by requesting quotations from them all. It’s important to shop around for a mortgage and look into different options to find the best rates and terms.

•   Negotiate with the lender: Don’t hesitate to ask for lower fees and discuss terms. Eligible borrowers with good credit may be able to negotiate loan conditions.

•   Consider seller concessions: In some cases it may be possible to persuade the seller of the home to cover some of the closing costs. Consult with the real estate agent during the negotiation process about this possibility to reduce costs.

•   Utilize VA loan programs and benefits: Take advantage of the benefits offered by the VA loan program. For instance, the VA funding fee can be rolled into the loan amount, and the VA has restrictions on fees which can help keep closing costs down.

•   Consider rate options: Evaluate different interest rate options and the impact they have on closing costs. For instance, a higher interest rate may offer lender credits that can be applied to closing costs. If one intends to live in the house for a long time, this may be a good option.

•   Read the Closing Disclosure (CD) carefully: The final closing costs are listed in the Closing Disclosure document. It’s important to carefully review this document to make sure there are no errors or unforeseen closing costs.

Dream Home Quiz

The Takeaway

VA loan closing costs include the financing fee, credit report fees, appraisal fees, title insurance, and other expenses associated with obtaining a VA loan. It’s important for borrowers to calculate their estimated closing costs in advance to compare loan options, negotiate fees, and prepare themselves financially for buying a home.

It’s also wise to consider a variety of loan options, from the VA or not, to make sure you are getting the right fit for your financial needs.

SoFi offers VA loans with competitive interest rates, no private mortgage insurance, and down payments as low as 0%. Eligible service members, veterans, and survivors may use the benefit multiple times.

Our Mortgage Loan Officers are ready to guide you through the process step by step.

FAQ

What is the VA funding fee for 2023?

The VA funding fees for 2023 are, for first use, dependent on your down payment amount: less than 5%, 2.15%; 5% to 10%, 1.5%; and over 10%, 1.25%. After first use, the rates shift to: less than 5%, 3.3%; 5% to 10%, 1.5 %; and move than 10%, 1.25%.

What percentage of closing costs can be included in a VA loan?

There is no specific limit on the percentage of closing costs that can be included in the loan amount, but the VA restricts the types of fees that can be charged. The VA has a “4% rule,” which states that the total allowable closing costs and certain fees paid by the borrower cannot exceed 4% of the loan amount.

What is an example of a VA funding fee?

The VA funding fee is a one-time fee paid by borrowers using a VA loan, and the amount is calculated based on factors such as the loan amount, down payment, and the borrower’s service category. For example, a first-time borrower with a $300,000 loan amount and no down payment may have a funding fee of 2.15%, resulting in a fee of $6,450.

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Photo credit: iStock/Ole Schwander

^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Building a home could take an average of 10 months, but a contractor- or owner-built house could stretch the timeline beyond a year.

It’s not as simple as buying a plot of land and heading to the hardware store. Construction permits, financing, and even the weather can lengthen your timeline.

Average Time to Build a House

Despite the extra time it takes to build a home from scratch rather than buy an existing home, it’s no surprise that many Americans are opting to build a home.

Why? To customize a home to their tastes, for one thing. And the narrowing gap between the average cost to build a house and the cost of buying an existing home.

The average cost to build a house, including the land, was just over $500,000 in 2022, the National Association of Home Builders reported.

So how long does it take to build a house?

According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2023 home building statistics, the average time to build a one-unit residential building is 10.1 months. This breaks down to 1.5 months for authorization to start construction (the permitting process) and another 8.6 months to finish construction. Below is the average construction time based on the type of construction.

Construction Purpose	Average months
Built for Sale	7.4
Contractor Built	10.7
Owner Built	13.5

This time frame encompasses the entire home building process, from obtaining building permits to picking out the design.

Factors That Affect How Long It Takes to Build a House

As with everything, the devil is in the details, so let’s look at factors that influence how long it takes to build a home.

Type of House

The type of home and design will have a significant impact on the construction timeline.

If you’re buying new construction, it will fall into one of these categories:

•   Tract homes. These go up in a new development. The buyer chooses the design features and lot.

•   Spec homes. With these move-in-ready homes, the buyer still might be able to choose some of the finishings.

•   Custom homes. A builder customizes a house to the buyers’ land.

Predesigned home packages likely accelerate the construction timeline, while custom homes are likely to extend it. After all, custom designs require more coordination between architects, engineers, and contractors.

House Size

Naturally, larger homes take longer to build than smaller homes.

If you’re planning on a particularly ornate design, make sure you budget extra time (and money) for the project.

Larger properties with complex layouts are also more likely to encounter greater engineering challenges than simpler layouts. It’s also likely that unanticipated issues will arise during the build.

Location

While scenic, remote areas are attractive to many people seeking to build a primary or vacation home, the locale will heavily affect the ease of transporting materials, workers, and equipment.

Rocky terrain will also be more expensive and difficult to excavate and prep for construction. Installing common utilities will be more difficult.

Weather

Unless you’re looking into a modular home vs. a stick-built home, inclement weather can severely delay construction, as many parts of the process cannot be completed in rain or snow.

Your worksite may get flooded due to lack of completed drainage, and building materials may be damaged if not properly protected.

Financing

Homeowners with sufficient equity in their current home could apply for a home equity line of credit to fund their new home. If that isn’t an option, you could consider a personal loan, although it may have a higher interest rate than a HELOC. But many people will seek a construction loan. Obtaining a construction loan comes with its own complications.
xpect underwriting to take longer than it does for a typical mortgage, as the lender will want a detailed plan, budget, and schedule for the construction. The lender may also need to approve your builder. Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio and the better your credit score, the more favorable loan terms you’ll be offered.

Permits

Construction permits and zoning approval for home building can be significant time drains and are often beyond your control. A good contingency is to find a contractor who is familiar with the local application process.

Materials and Labor

Volatility in material prices and availability can make it hard for contractors to plan projects. Many construction materials are globally traded and geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, and changes in trade policy can add to costs, according to the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB).

Average hourly wages in the construction industry have increased 4.3% in the year ending October 2024, and there is an urgent need for more workers in the industry, according to NAHB. In general, contractors are particularly busy during the spring and summer, so contracting with a builder before those seasons could be a good idea.

Recommended: Personal Line of Credit vs. HELOC

The Process of Building a House

Here’s the typical home construction timeline:

•   Buy land and obtain financing

•   Obtain building permits and approvals

•   Excavate the land and prep the foundation

•   Build the framework and install utilities

•   Put in walls, floors, and roof

•   Install fixtures, appliances, and finish the exterior/interior

•   Landscape, pave driveways, and prepare the grounds

•   Get a final inspection from authorities

Shortening the Time It Takes to Build a House

While much of the home building process is outside your control unless you’re actually building the house yourself, there are ways you can mitigate the chance of complications.

Here are a few ways you can shorten the average time it takes to build a house.

Avoid Deviating From the Plan

One of the best ways to avoid lengthening a construction timeline is to ensure that you have building plans finalized well before you break ground, and that you stick to them.

Making last-minute changes is anathema to construction timelines.

Communicate

Avoid being the bottleneck when it comes to decision-making. The construction team will likely take their cues from you. So if you’re late answering an email, design query, or request for approval, your contractor will often be unable to proceed without your input.

Reduce Complexity

Keeping things simple will probably lead to a faster build, if that’s a priority. More complex plans clearly lead to lengthier construction times and introduce a greater likelihood that unforeseen problems will arise.

Craft the Contract With Care

The construction contract should contain a deadline for completion and spell out what will happen in the event of a delay.

It’s common for a contract to specify that “substantial completion” must occur by a certain date, and to define that. A clause can express that extensions can be given for unforeseen delays.

When a change is made after a contract is signed, it’s referred to as a “change order.” The change order might specify a deadline extension or new completion date.

Builders who breach the contract may be responsible for damages.

The Takeaway

How long does it take to build a house? It could take 10 months — and longer if you are doing the project yourself. A construction contract will typically contain a deadline and what will happen if a delay occurs. Allowing for a reasonable schedule can help ensure that your project finishes on time.

One important part of the construction process is financing your new home. If you have equity in an existing home, a home equity line of credit (HELOC) is one possible financing solution, and may offer a lower interest rate than a personal loan.

SoFi now partners with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively lower rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

Unlock your home’s value with a home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi.

FAQ

How long does it take to build a house by yourself?

For the ambitious home builders among us, it takes around 10 months for a basic build, on average. The timeline can easily stretch out to two years or longer, depending on your experience and whether or not you choose to employ any assistance.

What causes delays when building a house?

Plenty of factors can delay a build. They include:

•   Owner-caused delays

•   Contractor-caused delays

•   Weather

•   Logistics

•   Obtaining permits and approvals

•   Size and scale of the project

•   Communication failures

Can I get a loan to build a house?

You can apply for a construction loan or if you already have a home, a home equity line of credit, home equity loan, or cash-out refinance to fund the new home. A personal loan could be used for at least part of the build.

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Photo credit: iStock/acilo

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SOHL-Q125-012

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Whether shopping for a home or an investment property, buyers may come across multifamily homes.The first need-to-know, especially for financing’s sake, is that multifamily properties with two to four units are generally considered residential buildings, and those with five or more units, commercial.

Let’s look at whether multifamily homes are a good idea for homebuyers or investors.

What Is a Multifamily Home?

Put simply, a multifamily home is in a building that can accommodate more than one family in separate living spaces. Each unit usually has its own bathroom, kitchen, utility meter, entrance, and legal address.

Of the more than 100 million Americans who rent, around two-thirds live in multifamily homes.

Among the different house types are duplexes, which contain two dwelling units, while a triplex and quadruplex consist of three and four units, respectively. A high-rise apartment building is considered a multifamily property.

What about ADUs? A home with an accessory dwelling unit — a private living space within the home or on the same property — might be classified as a one-unit property with an accessory unit, not a two-family property, if the ADU does not have its own utilities and provides living space to a family member.

Multifamily Homes vs Single-Family Homes

On the surface, the differences in property types may seem as straightforward as the number of residential units. But there are other considerations to factor in when comparing single-family vs. multifamily homes as a homebuyer or investor.

Unless you plan to hire a manager, owning a property requires considerable time and work. With either type of property, it’s important to think about how much time you’re able to commit to handling repairs and dealing with tenants.

If you’re weighing your options, here’s what you need to know about single-family and multifamily homes.

Multifamily Homes	Single-Family Homes
Comprise about 27% of U.S. housing stock.	Represent around 67% of U.S. housing stock.
Can be more difficult to sell due to higher average cost and smaller market share.	Bigger pool of potential buyers when you’re ready to sell.
Higher tenant turnover and vacancy can increase costs.	Often cheaper to purchase, but higher cost per unit than multifamily.
More potential for cash flow and rental income with multiple units.	Less cash flow if renting out, generally speaking.
Usually more expensive to buy, but lower purchase cost per unit.	More space and privacy.
Small multifamily homes (2-4 units) may be eligible for traditional financing; 5+ units generally require a commercial real estate loan.	Greater range of financing options, including government and conventional loans.

Pros and Cons of Multifamily Homes

There are a number of reasons to buy a multifamily home: Rental income and portfolio expansion are two.

Buying real estate is one ticket to building generational wealth. But there are also downsides to be aware of, especially if you plan to purchase a multifamily home as your own residence.

So what are multifamily homes’ pros and cons? The benefits and drawbacks can depend on whether it’s an investment property or a personal residence.

As Investment

Investing in multifamily homes can come with challenges. Take financing.

A mortgage loan for an investment property tends to have a slightly higher interest rate, the qualification hurdles are higher, and a down payment of 20% or more is usually required, though there are ways to buy a multifamily property with no money down.

Government-backed residential loans don’t apply to non-owner-occupied property, but there is a commercial FHA (Federal Housing Administration) loan for the purchase or refinancing of apartment buildings with at least five units that do not need substantial rehabilitation. Another FHA loan program is for new construction or substantial rehabilitation of rental or cooperative housing of at least five units for moderate-income families, elderly people, and people with disabilities. Yet another FHA loan pertains to residential care facilities. Upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) apply.

Before adding a multifamily home to your real estate portfolio, take note of the pros and cons of this investment strategy.

Pros of Investing in Multifamily Homes	Cons of Investing in Multifamily Homes
Reliable cash flow from multiple rental units.	Upfront expenses can be cost prohibitive for new investors.
Helpful for scaling a real estate portfolio more quickly.	Managing multiple units can be burdensome and may require hiring a property manager.
Opportunity for tax benefits, such as deductions for repairs and depreciation.	Property taxes and insurance rates can be high.
Often appreciates over time.

As Residence

Buyers can choose to purchase a multifamily home as their own residence. They will live in one of the units in an owner-occupied multifamily home, while renting out the others.

Owners can use rental income to offset the cost of the mortgage, property taxes, and homeowners insurance while building wealth.

Another advantage is financing. With a multifamily home of two to four units, an owner-occupant may qualify for an FHA, VA (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs), or conventional loan and put nothing down for a VA loan or little down for a conventional or FHA loan. (It isn’t all hearts and flowers, though. Most VA loans require a one-time funding fee. FHA loans always come with MIP. And putting less than 20% down on a conventional loan for an owner-occupied property, short of a piggyback loan or lender-paid mortgage insurance, means paying private mortgage insurance).

What are multifamily homes’ pros and cons as residences?

Pros of Multifamily Homes as a Residence	Cons of Multifamily Homes as a Residence
Reduced cost of living frees up cash for other expenses, investments, or savings.	Vacancies can disrupt cash flow and require the owner to cover gaps in rent.
Self-managing the property lowers costs and can be more convenient when living onsite.	Being a landlord can be time-consuming and complicate relationships with tenant neighbors.
Potential for federal and state tax deductions.	Less privacy when sharing a backyard, driveway, or foyer with tenants.
Owner-occupied properties qualify for more attractive financing terms than investment properties.

It’s worth noting that an owner-occupant can move to a new residence later on and keep the multifamily home as an investment property. This strategy can help lower the barrier to entry for real estate investing, but keep in mind that loan terms may require at least one year of continued occupancy.

Recommended: Tips to Qualify for a Mortgage

Who Are Multifamily Homes Right For?

There are a variety of reasons homebuyers and investors might want a multifamily home.

Multifamily homes can be helpful for entering the real estate investment business or diversifying a larger portfolio. It’s important to either have the time commitment to be a landlord or to pay for a property manager.

For homebuyers in high-priced urban locations, multifamily homes may be more affordable than single-family homes, given the potential for rental income. It might be helpful to crunch some numbers with a mortgage payment calculator.

Multigenerational families who want to live together but maintain some privacy may favor buying a duplex or other type of multifamily home.

What to Look for When Buying a Multifamily Home

There are certain characteristics to factor in when shopping for a multifamily home.

First off, assess what you can realistically earn in rental income from each unit in comparison to your estimated mortgage payment, taxes, and maintenance costs. Besides what the current owner reports in rent, you can look at comparable rental listings in the neighborhood.

When looking at properties, location matters. Proximity to amenities, school rankings, and transportation access can affect a multifamily home’s rental value.

The rental market saturation is another important consideration. Buying a multifamily home in a fast-growing rental market means there are plenty of renters to keep prices up and units filled.

The vacancy rate — the percentage of time units are unoccupied during a given year — at a property or neighborhood is an effective way to estimate rental housing demand.

Depending on your financing, the condition of a multifamily home may be critical. With a VA or FHA loan, for instance, chipped paint or a faulty roof could be a dealbreaker.

Read up on mortgage basics to learn about what home loans you might use for a multifamily home and their terms.

Finding Multifamily Homes

Like single-family homes, multifamily homes are featured on multiple listing services and real estate websites. Browsing rental listings during your multifamily home search can help gauge the market in terms of vacancy rates and rental pricing.

Working with a buyer’s agent who specializes in multifamily homes can help narrow your search and home in on in-demand neighborhoods.

Alternatively, you can look into buying a foreclosed home. This may help get a deal, but it’s not uncommon for foreclosed properties to require renovations and investment.

The Takeaway

Buying a multifamily home as a residence or investment property can provide rental income and build wealth. It’s also a major financial decision. Whether you’re planning to be an owner-occupant or not will affect your financing, so seriously consider this option and run the numbers to see if you stand to recoup your costs — and ideally make a profit — from the building’s rental income.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is the difference between residential and multifamily?

Some multifamily homes — those with fewer than five units — are considered residential real estate. Larger properties with more than five units are commercial real estate.

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Photo credit: iStock/krzysiek73

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q224-1903424-V1

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Investing in a duplex can be a good idea if you can pony up the cost and don’t mind being a hands-on landlord. A key advantage is the ability to live in one of the units or rent both out.

If the purchase will be strictly a rental, duplexes offer the capacity to double your cash flow for less than the cost of two single-family homes. You also have the freedom to make half your home.

Buying a duplex for investment is a popular investment strategy used for breaking into real estate, and they’re in demand in every major city.

What Is a Duplex?

A duplex consists of two living units on top of each other or side by side, along with the land they are built upon.

Each unit has its own entrance and exit, kitchen, bedrooms, and bathrooms. The two units are conjoined by a wall or a floor/ceiling.

Regardless of their layout, the units share the same plot and deed, and are sold as a single property. Unlike a twin home (in which each housing unit sits on its own plot of land) a duplex has one owner.

A duplex is technically a multifamily property but qualifies — as does any building with up to four units — for the same kind of favorable financing that a single-family home does if you make the property your address.

The units may share the same utilities but otherwise operate as separate residences. This allows you to avoid doubling expenses over time when you need to replace a water heater, for instance.

Advantages of Investing in Duplexes

The advantage of buying a duplex, with the freedom to live in half and rent out the other (or not), speaks for itself.

There are other pros. Here are the major ones.

Cash Flow

Whether you’re trying to build or buy a duplex, a key advantage is the cash flow potential that comes from renting out both units.

Alternatively, you can live in one of the units, which will ultimately reduce the risk if the other half sits vacant for an extended period.

The rent from the other unit may cover part or all of your mortgage costs, depending on how much you put down on the property.

Financing If Owner-Occupied

Eligible duplex owner-occupants have financing choices:

•   FHA loans, backed by the Federal Housing Administration

•   VA loans, from the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs

•   Conventional home mortgage loans

Each of those calls for a low down payment or none at all.

The government-insured loans can be used for properties with up to four units as long as the buyer plans to live in one of the units. FHA loans are favored by first-time homebuyers — those who have not owned a principal residence in the past three years — and buyers with lower credit scores.

For an FHA or VA loan, the owner is to live onsite for at least a year.

Investors who plan to rent out both units must use conventional mortgage loans. They should expect to put down at least 20%. The mortgage rate will likely run a bit higher than for a loan for an owner-occupied property.

A duplex buyer can often use both current passive income and projected rental income to qualify for an FHA or VA loan and conventional mortgage loan but not a VA-backed loan.

Faster Portfolio Building

Unlike starting with a detached single-family home and working your way up, buying a duplex lets you double the number of rentable units you own upfront for less than the cost of two single-family rental homes in most markets.

This cuts down on the amount of time you need to find suitable properties to purchase and the closing costs you need to pay.

Buying a duplex also will also contribute to your real estate portfolio diversification.

Tax Breaks

Owner-occupants may be able to deduct mortgage interest and property tax on their half.

If they have a renter, they may also be able to write off expenses for that half: repairs, insurance, any utility bills, advertising, management fees, and so on. And they can depreciate the rented half of the property. A tax advisor can help determine whether an owner qualifies for deductions.

Risk Mitigation

If you’re living in one of the units, you’re still getting some use out of the property if the other remains vacant. You can even bide your time if you need to make home improvements to the other unit.

Comparatively, if you own a single-family property that sits vacant, that’s cash every month out of your pocket that the home remains empty.

Additionally, lenders view the risk to be more diffused for duplexes, particularly if the owner’s living in one unit. From their perspective, it’s much less likely that borrowers would default on a duplex that serves as their primary residence than they would default on a comparable investment property.

Lower Overhead Cost

The same furnace, AC unit, and hot water heater may serve both units in a duplex. If that’s the case, you may only need to worry about maintaining a single set of utilities for both dwellings.

Disadvantages of Investing in Duplexes

Like all rental properties, the primary disadvantage of duplex is the risk that it remains vacant for an extended period of time, although the risk is mitigated if you’re living in the other unit.

Here are other possible downsides when investing in a duplex.

Possibly Cost Intensive

While it may be more efficient than buying two detached single-family homes, a duplex still might cost more than if you had bought a single stand-alone property.

You’ll have twice the number of kitchens and bathrooms to contend with, which will increase costs if you intend to renovate both units.

The cost of building a duplex may exceed the cost of building a house.

Finally, property insurance for a duplex is usually higher than for a single-family home.

Risk of Vacancies

If one or both of the units in your duplex remain vacant, the opportunity cost and negative impact on your bottom line as property manager could be enormous.

If the average person is spending a lot on rent, that’s either a great sum to put in your pocket or a terrible one to lose.

Make sure you properly research your target market. Just because you stumble on a duplex that looks great doesn’t necessarily mean it’ll rent from day one.

Proximity to Tenants

If you intend to live in one unit and rent the other out, the coziness with your tenants is a double-edged sword. On one hand, you’ll be able to monitor the coming and goings of your neighbor, but on the other, you’ll be right next door if any issues arise.

Where to Find Duplexes and How to Buy One

If a stream of rental income and capital appreciation sound good, it’s smart to start scoping out what’s on the market.

You also can seek prequalification and preapproval for financing.

Don’t expect an easy hunt, as serviceable duplexes in great locations are in demand. When you find one, expect competition, true of any good investment property.

Start by browsing online listings for duplex owners and filtering for properties with two units. It’s also a good idea to find a reputable real estate agent and specifically request to view duplex properties.

Time is of the essence when making offers. A preapproval letter can carry a lot of weight.

The Takeaway

Buying a duplex can be a smart move: You’re getting two potential rental streams under one roof, typically for less than the cost of two single-family homes. Financing is especially attractive if you plan to live onsite.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What should I look for when investing in a duplex?

Make sure it’s legally zoned as a duplex. Know the neighborhood. See if the numbers would make sense by researching comparable rents and factoring in any repairs. Gauge noise transfer and privacy if you plan to live there and rent the other unit out.

How do I buy a duplex?

Know whether you plan to live at the property, which will affect your financing. Getting preapproved for a mortgage is a good idea. Look at prices in your area, scour online listings, and consider hiring a good buyer’s agent. In most markets, expect competition.

Is it profitable to own a duplex?

Because a duplex usually does not come with HOA fees and consists of two rentable units, it can be profitable. A duplex also might be more appealing to renters than apartments are. And maintaining a duplex costs less than managing two individual rental units.

Do duplexes increase in value?

They often do, but appreciation tends to be lower for duplexes than stand-alone single-family homes.

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Photo credit: iStock/aluxum

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

SOHL-Q125-021

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