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Finding the perfect home to buy is no small feat: so many online searches, drive-bys, and open houses. Then there’s the time-sucking process of finding the right mortgage. A matchmaker called a mortgage broker can help.

The broker goes fishing for multiple loan offers from different types of lenders in pursuit of the best deal.

How exactly does a mortgage broker work? Keep reading to discover more about mortgage brokers, how to find one, and the pros and cons of working with one.

First, Mortgage Basics

Whether a consumer chooses to work with a mortgage broker or not, it’s best to know what it means to take out a home mortgage.

These are some of the basics.

Loan term: This refers to how long borrowers have in order to repay their loan. A typical term is 15 or 30 years.
There are advantages and disadvantages to choosing a shorter or longer loan term. For shorter terms, the monthly payments are higher but the interest rates are usually lower, and the total cost of the loan is lower.

For longer-term loans, the total cost is higher, and generally the interest rates are higher, too, but monthly payments are lower.

Fixed rate vs. adjustable rate: The chosen interest rate dictates whether the interest rate will change over time or stay consistent, if the monthly principal and interest payment will change, and how much interest will be paid over the life of the loan.

Typically, fixed-rate mortgages have no surprises but carry a higher rate than the initial rate of an adjustable-rate mortgage, or ARM. Fixed interest rates don’t change over time, and the monthly payment amount remains the same.

With an ARM, after an initial period, the interest rate can fluctuate based on the market, which can lead to the monthly principal and interest payments increasing or decreasing over the life of the loan.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

What Is a Mortgage Broker?

In short, a mortgage broker is a middleman between the homebuyer and mortgage lenders. While requirements vary by state, typically brokers are trained professionals who must obtain certain licenses.

When you plan to buy a home, it can be smart to research multiple lenders. Doing so allows you to see which lender is offering the best rate and fees for your particular financial situation and down payment.

This can be a time-consuming process that requires submitting multiple documents and applications. A mortgage broker can do all of the work associated with applying for the consumer.

Because mortgage brokers generally have partnerships with multiple lenders, they can help find the best financial fit for their clients while saving them the time it would take to do the work themselves.

Recommended: How to Qualify for a Mortgage: 9 Requirements

Pros of Using a Mortgage Broker

Why use a mortgage broker? It’s not for everyone, but there are some benefits worth considering.

Provides more access. Because of their professional relationships, mortgage brokers usually have more access to different lenders than the average person does — some that many consumers don’t even know exist because they offer home loans only through mortgage brokers.

May find better rates and terms. Mortgage brokers may be able to find lower rates and fees than the average homebuyer could find on their own.

Simplifies the process. As mortgage brokers are experts in their field, they can make the entire process easier to understand. They’ll break down the differences between lenders and help their clients understand mortgage jargon. It’s worth noting that consumers should still educate themselves so that they have a good understanding of the process.

Saves time. Buying a home is time-consuming and can be stressful. A broker will research rates, fees, and minimum credit score requirements so that clients don’t have to.

Cons of Using a Mortgage Broker

There are also some downsides worth considering before pursuing this path.

Cost can vary. Before agreeing to work with a broker, ask how they make their money. In some cases, the lender pays the mortgage broker, and in others, the client pays the broker. If payment is the client’s responsibility, ask if they charge a flat fee or earn a commission.

Lenders usually pay a higher commission than borrowers do. Lenders typically pay between 0.5% and 2.75% of the loan amount. When a client pays a commission, a broker usually charges an origination fee of less than 3% of the loan amount.

The housing market in a particular area can influence what a broker charges.

Conflicts of interest may arise. While at first glance it may seem more beneficial to work with a mortgage broker who is paid by the lender, give this some thought. Is the broker biased toward lenders that pay the commission? Researching brokers before working with them and asking for referrals can help. Do some digging to see if past clients found them to be trustworthy.

Some lenders don’t work with mortgage brokers. Some lenders only work with brokers, and some never work with them. People who hire a mortgage broker may miss out on certain opportunities.

How to Shop for a Mortgage Broker

The search for the right mortgage broker should not be taken lightly. Doing research and considering options are important steps toward making the experience a positive one.

One of the first steps to take toward finding a good mortgage broker is to ask for references from trusted friends, family members, or colleagues who have recently bought homes with the help of a mortgage broker.

To widen the search, there are also websites that host customer reviews of local mortgage brokers. While any broker may have a few negative reviews, look for patterns in the reviews to make sure that negative experiences are the exception, not the norm.

Treat shopping for a mortgage broker like interviewing a candidate for a job. Ask about their certification and experience, commissions, and what the homebuying process would look like in tandem with them.

You may be able to find out if a broker is licensed through the National Mortgage Licensing System & Registry.

Finding a Mortgage Without a Mortgage Broker

People who aren’t interested in working with a mortgage broker can shop for a mortgage on their own from a commercial bank, credit union, or private lender. Would-be homeowners can work with an online lender, which can make applying easy.

Prequalifying, based on self-reported data, will give you an idea of how big a loan you may qualify for — a ballpark figure. (Prequalifying involves a soft credit inquiry, which does not affect a credit score.)

If you’re serious, preapproval is the next step, when lenders verify your employment status, income, credit history, and debt to determine how much you can reasonably afford to borrow. If approved, you’ll receive a conditional commitment in writing for an exact loan amount. (Applying with too many lenders may result in score-lowering hard inquiries, but having many offers in hand provides negotiating leverage with individual lenders.)

The Takeaway

What is a mortgage broker? A go-between for the loan seeker and lenders. There are many pros and cons to consider. A mortgage broker can be just the ticket for some home buyers, but you don’t need to sign on with a broker to obtain a great rate on a home loan.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

How does a mortgage broker make money?

Mortgage brokers are usually paid a commission by the lender in return for bringing in a customer. In some cases where a homebuyer has poor credit or other financial challenges, a broker may charge a fee that is payable only if the broker is able to find the borrower a loan.

How are a mortgage broker and a mortgage loan originator different?

A mortgage broker can typically work with an array of lenders to find the mortgage that works best for their home-buying client. A mortgage loan originator usually works for a bank or other lender, and so can only offer loans from that lender.

Is a mortgage broker the same as a mortgage underwriter?

A mortgage broker helps a would-be homebuyer find a loan. A mortgage underwriter reviews the homebuyer’s mortgage application and decides whether or not it should be approved and at what interest rate.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q225-056

Your house is much more than a home — it’s likely one of the biggest purchases you’ll ever make, with a value that makes up a significant proportion of your (and most people’s) net worth. As such, you’ve probably wondered from time to time what your home is worth.

Determining the answer is not as simple as referring back to your sales agreement or mortgage papers. What you paid for your house when you purchased it merely reflects what your house was worth to you — and the real estate market — at a specific point in time.

In reality, housing values are dynamic, and they fluctuate based on a number of factors. Some things, such as keeping your house in good repair, are within your control. Other external influences, such as the market, mortgage rates, and other considerations, can also affect the value of your home.

Here, we’ll take a close look at how this works, and answer questions like:

•   How much is my house worth?

•   What factors determine my home’s value?

•   How can I increase my home’s value?

First, take our “how much is my house worth” quiz to get an overview of what value your home holds.

Next, delve into the topic more deeply with these insights.

Estimating the Value of Your House

Knowing how much your house is worth can improve your money mindset by helping you understand where you are financially. There are a number of ways you can determine the estimated value of your house.

•   Online calculators. The easiest and fastest way to answer the question, “How much is my house worth?” is probably to use an online home valuation calculator. These tools provide a ballpark estimate of the value of your home based on your address. Such estimates typically use publicly available information, including average home sale prices in your area, property tax assessment information, market trends, and other data.

•   Market dynamics. Once you have a rough estimate of your property’s worth, you can use other cues about the housing market in your area to gain more insight. This might include such factors as sales and mortgage trends, which can give you a sense of whether your property value is likely to increase, decrease, or remain stable. For instance, during times of rising mortgage interest rates, consumer demand might wane as it becomes more expensive to borrow money.

•   Professional opinions. A professional appraiser or real estate agent can also help you get a more precise estimate of what your house is worth. An appraiser will consider both the local housing market and the unique characteristics of your property when creating your home appraisal.

Real estate agents, meanwhile, will typically conduct a comparative market analysis (also called a comp or CMA). This is an estimate based on actual data from recently sold homes that are most similar to yours.

If you are looking to sell, you may want to consider getting a comparative market analysis from several different real estate agents to help you assess their knowledge of and viewpoint on the local market before you commit to one. Understanding the various criteria real estate agents use to determine listing prices can also help you to get an accurate picture of what your house is worth.

Recommended: What Hurts a Home Appraisal?

A Home’s Worth: 3 Factors to Consider

Every house is unique — but the factors used to determine property value are fairly consistent.

1. Neighborhood: There’s a good reason why “location, location, location” is one of the most popular mantras in real estate. The same home, in the exact same condition, will fetch different prices depending on where it is. Proximity to desirable schools, shopping, public transportation, and other resources and infrastructure can increase the desirability of a neighborhood and thus the value of the home. Safety considerations, such as crime rates, sidewalks, and traffic signals, can also impact house values.
2. House specifications: Attributes such as the size of your lot, square footage, age of your home, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, parking space, and updated mechanical systems are among the criteria buyers will typically consider. Agents may factor these in while developing a comparative marketing analysis.

Also, the style of your house and the amenities can matter. Does it have a fabulous family room, a spa-style bathroom, skylights, or a pool? That can lift the value.

3. House condition: Well-maintained houses with high curb appeal can typically fetch better prices than run-down fixer-uppers. As such, your home’s condition is probably the most easily controlled aspect of its value.

To evaluate the condition of your home, take stock of any repairs, both major and superficial; any upgrades such as premium kitchen appliances; and any renovations you may have performed.

There are additional factors outside of your control that will affect the value of your home — though these may be less significant if you are not imminently considering selling.

For example, the state of the economy and mortgage rates may dictate others’ appetite for real estate purchases, as well as how much they are willing to spend. At press time, mortgage interest rates had been slowly trending downward for a significant period of time, remaining under a fairly favorable 7.0%.

That trend could change, and rates may begin rising in the case that the Federal Reserve decides it needs to offset inflation’s impact on consumers. This sort of move’s impact on lenders can cause a softening of the housing market, or a lowering of prices, since it’s more expensive to borrow money.

Seasonal fluctuations such as holidays and weather can also affect home purchasing patterns. In addition, spring has often been looked at as the prime selling season, when families hope to find a new home and get settled before the start of the next school year.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

Increasing the Value of Your Home

Though there are some factors that may be out of your control (such as inflation and its impact), there are things you can do to increase the value of your home. If you are considering selling soon, staging your house or making small improvements, such as tidying your garden, can go a long way toward appealing to buyers — without a big financial investment.

But if you are considering investing in renovations and upgrades, it is helpful to know which will deliver the greatest returns. An online calculator can compare different projects to determine how various home improvements impact your home’s value. You might be able to finance such improvements with a home equity line of credit (or HELOC).

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

Why Your Home Value Matters

If you are considering selling your house, “How much is my home worth?” is likely one of the first things you’ll wonder about. But even if a move isn’t something you are considering right now, there are other reasons why it might be important to know the actual value of your home.

•   Relocation plans. For those considering relocating, getting a reliable estimate of how much your house is worth will inform the amount you can afford to spend on your next home. As taxes, real estate agent commissions, and some other fees will be based on the actual sale price of your house, this valuation will also help you to estimate some of your moving costs.

•   Financial planning. Even if you aren’t planning to move, it can be wise to know your house’s value for another reason. As one of the greatest assets in many people’s financial portfolios, your home’s worth can play a helpful role in guiding long-term money planning, including retirement and estate planning.

If these things seem a long way off, there are immediate benefits to being informed about your home’s worth, too.

•   Property taxes. Your property tax bill is based on the market value of your house and may change from year to year, based on your municipality’s estimate of its worth as determined by a government assessor. A reliable estimate of how much your house is worth can help you to identify discrepancies in the assessed value. If you believe there is an error, you can file an appeal in an attempt to get your property tax bill reduced.

•   Homeowners insurance. Having an accurate estimate of the value of your home is also important for obtaining appropriate insurance coverage. If your estimate is too low relative to the actual value of your home, you run the risk of being underinsured in the event of a claim. Too high, and you’re paying for coverage you don’t need.

•   Equity considerations. Your home’s value can also help you to access money to pay for home improvements, a financial emergency, or other needs that may arise. If the current value of your home is more than it was at the time you purchased it, you may be able to tap into that increased value with, say, a HELOC or cash-out mortgage refinance.

Home Improvements and Your Mortgage

Even if you’re not looking to sell, adding value to your home may result in savings in the near term. This can be especially true for those who are paying private mortgage insurance (PMI).

•   Typically, buyers who purchase a home with less than 20% down are required to pay for PMI — a fee that is based on a percentage of your total mortgage.

•   The amount of equity in your home can be determined by subtracting what you owe on your house (or your mortgage principal) from the current total value of your home. If your property value has increased, you have more equity than when you purchased your home.

•   If the increase in your property value brings your equity over the 20% threshold, you can ask your mortgage loan servicer to cancel the PMI. That, in turn, will save you money every month.

The Takeaway

Understanding how much your house is worth is an important fact. Your house is a major investment, and knowing its current value can help you in a variety of ways, whether or not you are planning on selling it. Even if you are staying put, knowing its worth could help you make sure your insurance is keeping pace with its price, open the door to a home equity loan, or perhaps lower an assessment.

If you’re ready to find out your property’s value, SoFi’s money tracker app can help. Our property tracking tool can help you learn your home’s worth. It can help you know when more insurance is needed, how much renovations would cost and financing options, and what you might be able to save by refinancing your loan.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOHL-Q225-016

For about 74% of homebuyers, purchasing a home means taking out a mortgage — and a conventional 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is the most popular kind of financing. So what is a conventional mortgage loan?

Conventional mortgages are those that are not insured or guaranteed by the government.

But the fact that conventional mortgages are so popular doesn’t mean that a conventional home loan is right for everyone. Here, learn more about what a conventional home loan is and how it compares to other options, including:

•   How do conventional mortgages work?

•   What are the different types of conventional loans?

•   How do conventional loans compare to other mortgages?

•   What are the pros and cons of conventional mortgages?

•   How do you qualify for a conventional loan?

How Conventional Mortgages Work

How does a conventional mortgage work? Conventional mortgages are home loans that are not backed by a government agency. Provided by private lenders, they are the most common type of home loan. A few points to note:

•   Conventional loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and mortgage companies, as well as by two government-sponsored enterprises, known as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. (Note: Government-sponsored and government-backed loans are two different things.)

•   Conventional mortgages tend to have a higher barrier to entry than government-guaranteed home loans. Because of what a conventional mortgage loan is – a loan that you are personally responsible for repaying – lenders want to feel secure that you’ll be able to make good. You might need a better credit score and pay more in interest, for example. Government-backed FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans, on the other hand, are designed for certain kinds of homebuyers or homes and are often easier to qualify for. You’ll learn more about them below.

•   Among conventional loans, you’ll find substantial variety. You’ll have a choice of term length (how long you have to pay off the loan with installments), and you’ll probably have a choice between fixed-rate and adjustable-rate products. Keep reading for more detail on these options.

•   Because the government isn’t offering any assurances to the lender that you will pay back that loan, you’ll need to prove you are a good risk. That’s why lenders look at things like your credit score and down payment amount when deciding whether to offer you a conventional mortgage and at what rate.

Conventional vs Conforming Loans

As you pursue a home loan, you’ll likely hear the phrases “conventional loan” and “conforming loan.” Are they the same thing? Not exactly. Let’s spell out the difference:

•   A conforming loan is one in which the underlying terms and conditions adhere to the funding criteria of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. There’s a limit to how big the loan can be, and this figure is determined each year by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or FHFA. For 2025, that ceiling was set at $806,500 for a one-family home in most of the United States. (It was a higher number for those purchasing in certain high-cost areas; you can see the limit for your specific location on the FHFA web site.)

So all conforming loans are conventional loans. But what is a conventional mortgage may not be conforming. If, for instance, you apply for a jumbo mortgage (meaning one that’s more than $806,500 in 2025), you’d be hoping to be approved for a conventional loan. It would not, however, be a conforming mortgage because the amount is over the limit that Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae would back.

Types of Conventional Loans

When you’re researching, “What is a conventional loan?” you’ll learn that it’s not just one single product. There are many options, such as how long a term (you may look at 15- and 30-year, as well as other time frames). Perhaps one of the most important decisions is whether you want to opt for a fixed or adjustable rate.

Fixed Rate Conventional Loans

A conventional loan with a fixed interest rate is one in which the rate won’t change over the life of the loan. If you have one of these “fully amortized conventional loans,” as they are sometimes called, your monthly principal and interest payment will stay the same each month.

Although fixed-rate loans can provide predictability when it comes to payments, they may have higher interest rates than the initial ones offered by adjustable-rate mortgages.

Fixed-rate conventional loans can be a great option for homebuyers during periods of low rates because they can lock in a rate and it won’t rise, even decades from now.

Adjustable Rate Conventional Loans

Adjustable-rate mortgages (sometimes called variable rate loans) have the same interest rate for a set period of time, and then the rate will adjust for the rest of the loan term.

The major upside to choosing an ARM is that the initial rate is usually set below prevailing interest rates and remains constant for a specific amount of time, from six months to 10 years.

There’s a bit of lingo to learn with these loans. A 7/6 ARM of 30 years will have a fixed rate for the first seven years, and then the rate will adjust once every six months over the remaining 23 years, keeping in sync with prevailing rates. A 5/1 ARM will have a fixed rate for five years, followed by a variable rate that adjusts every year.

An ARM may be a good option if you’re not planning on staying in the home that long. The downside, of course, is that if you do stay put, your interest rate could end up higher than you want it to be.

Most adjustable-rate conventional mortgages have limits on how much the interest rate can increase over time. These caps protect a borrower from facing an unexpectedly steep rate hike.

Also, read the fine print and see if your introductory rate will adjust downward if rates shift lower over the course of the loan. Don’t assume they will.

Recommended: Fixed-Rate vs Adjustable-Rate Mortgages

How Are Conventional Home Loans Different From Other Loans?

Wondering how a conventional loan works vs. government-backed loans? Keep reading to learn more.

Conventional Loans vs. FHA Loans

Not sure if a conventional or FHA loan is better for you? FHA loans are geared toward lower- and middle-income buyers; these mortgages can offer a more affordable way to join the ranks of homeowners. Unlike conventional loans, FHA loans are insured by the Federal Housing Administration, so lenders take on less risk. If a borrower defaults, the FHA will help the lender recoup some of the lost costs.

But are FHA loans right for you, the borrower? Here are some of the key differences between FHA loans and conventional ones:

•   FHA loans are usually easier to qualify for. Conventional loans typically need a credit score of at least 620 and at least 3% down. With an FHA loan, you may get approved with a credit score as low as 500 with 10% down or 580 if you put down 3.5%.

•   Unlike conventional loans, FHA loans are limited to a certain amount of money, depending on the geographic location of the house you’re buying. The lender administering the FHA loan can impose its own requirements as well.

•   An FHA loan can be a good option for a buyer with a lower credit score, but it also will require a more rigorous home appraisal and possibly a longer approval process than a conventional loan.

•   Conventional loans require private mortgage insurance (PMI) if the down payment is less than 20%, but PMI will terminate once you reach 22% equity. FHA loans, however, require mortgage insurance for the life of the loan if you put less than 10% down.

Recommended: Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) vs Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)

Conventional Loans vs VA Loans

Not everyone has the choice between conventional and VA loans, which are backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Conventional loans are available to all who qualify, but VA loans are only accessible to those who are veterans, active-duty military, National Guard or Reserve members, or surviving spouses of those who served.

VA loans offer a number of perks that conventional loans don’t:

•   No down payment is needed.

•   No PMI is required, which is a good thing, because it’s typically anywhere from 0.46% to 1.5% of the original loan amount per year.

There are a couple of potential drawbacks to be aware of:

•   Most VA loans demand that you pay what’s known as a funding fee. This is typically 1.25% to 3.3% of the loan amount.

•   A VA loan must be used for a primary residence; no second homes are eligible.

Conventional Loans vs USDA Loans

Curious if you should apply for a USDA loan vs. a conventional loan? Consider this: No matter where in America your dream house is, you can likely apply for a conventional loan. Loans backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, however, are only available for use when buying a property in a qualifying rural area. The goal is to encourage people to move into certain areas and help them along with accessible loans. (Note: SoFi does not offer USDA loans, but we do offer FHA and VA loans.)

Beyond this stipulation, consider these upsides of USDA loans vs. conventional loans:

•   USDA loans can offer a very affordable interest rate versus other loans.

•   USDA loans are available without a down payment.

•   These loans don’t require PMI.

But, to provide full disclosure, there are some downsides, beyond limited geographic availability:

•   USDA loans have income-based eligibility requirements. The loans are designed for lower- and middle-income potential home buyers, but the exact cap on income will depend on your geographic area and how many household members you have.

•   This program requires that the loan holder pay a guarantee fee, which is typically 1% of the loan’s total amount.

Pros and Cons of Conventional Mortgage Loans

Now that you’ve learned what a conventional home loan is and how it compares to some other options, let’s do a quick recap of the pros and cons of conventional loans.

Benefits of Conventional Loans

The upsides are:

•   Competitive rates. Rates may seem high, but they are still far from their high point of 16.63% in 1981. Plus, lenders want your business and you may be able to find attractive offers. You can use a mortgage calculator to see how even a small adjustment in interest rates can impact your monthly payments and interest payments over the life of the loan.

•   The ability to buy with little money down. Some conventional mortgages can be had with just 3% down for first-time homebuyers.

•   PMI isn’t forever. Once you have achieved 22% equity in your property, your PMI can be canceled.

•   Flexibility. There are different conventional mortgages to suit your needs, such as fixed- and variable-rate home loans. Also, these mortgages can be used for primary residences (whether single- or multi-family), second homes, and other variations.

Drawbacks of Conventional Loans

Now, the downsides of conventional loans:

•   PMI. If your mortgage involves a small down payment, you do have to pay that PMI until you reach a target number, such as 2% equity.

•   Tougher qualifications vs. government programs. You’ll usually need a credit score of 620 and, with that number, your rate will likely be higher than it would be if you had a higher score.

•   Stricter debt-to-income (DTI) ratio requirements. It’s likely that lenders will want to see a 45% DTI ratio. (DTI is your total monthly recurring payments divided by your monthly gross income.) Government programs have less rigorous qualifications.

The Takeaway

A conventional home loan — meaning a loan not guaranteed by the government — is a very popular option for homebuyers, so it’s important to understand how conventional loans work. These mortgages have their pros and cons, as well as variations. It’s also important to know how they differ from government-backed loans, so you can choose the right product to suit your needs. Buying a home is a major step and a big investment, so you want to get the mortgage that suits you best.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

What is the minimum down payment for a conventional loan?

In most cases, 3% of the purchase price is the lowest amount possible and that minimum is usually reserved for first-time homebuyers — a group that can include people who have not purchased a primary residence in the last three years.

How many conventional loans can you have?

A lot! The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, aka Fannie Mae) allows a person to have up to 10 properties with conventional financing. Just remember, you’ll have to convince a lender that you are a good risk for each and every loan.

Do all conventional loans require PMI?

Most lenders require PMI (private mortgage insurance) if you are putting less than 20% down when purchasing a property. However, you may find some PMI-free loans available. They typically have a higher interest rate, though, so make sure they are worthwhile given your particular situation.

What is required to apply for a conventional home loan?

While different conventional mortgage lenders may have different requirements, typically they like borrowers who can put down a substantial down payment (though not necessarily as much as 20%), have a credit rating of 620 or more, and can show that they’ll be able to afford their monthly mortgage payments.

Can you buy a foreclosed home with a conventional loan?

You can buy many kinds of foreclosed homes with a conventional mortgage. However, if you purchase a foreclosure on auction, you will probably need to pay for it in cash. Depending on your eligibility, you may also be able to use an FHA loan, a VA loan, or a USDA loan. If you’re planning to get financing for a foreclosure, it may be a good idea to get preapproved in advance so you’ll be ready when you find a property you like.

Is a home inspection required for a conventional loan?

Typically, home inspections are not required for conventional loans. However, individual lenders may require or suggest a home inspection at their discretion. They may also want an appraisal to determine the fair market value of the house, but that will not generally check for the kind of issues a home inspection should find, like structural problems or systems that aren’t working well.

What is the maximum loan amount for a conventional loan?

Technically, there is no maximum loan amount for a conventional loan. However, mortgages acquired by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac must be for no more than the conforming loan limits, which are issued every year. For 2025, the conforming loan limit on a one-family residence mortgage in most parts of the U.S. is $806,500.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q225-011

Buying a house is a major rite of passage. While it’s fun to imagine what kind of home you’ll buy (A farmhouse? Mid-century modern?), how you’ll renovate it, and what it will be like to have your own space, buying a home also requires considerable planning and financial discipline.

After all, buying a home is often the largest financial transaction you will ever make, and it can be the biggest investment of your lifetime, too; a key source of growing your personal wealth. Here is the advice you need on:

•  How to prepare for buying a home

•  How to save money for a house, including the down payment

•  How to budget for owning a house.

What You Need to Know Before Saving for a House

Here are some important first steps toward homeownership.

Understand Your Finances

Many people have debt these days, whether student loans, a personal loan, credit card debt, a car loan, or a combination of some (or all) of these. A lot of debt could hinder your ability to save for a home and qualify for a home loan.

A number of factors come into play when you’re applying for a mortgage, including your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). Your DTI looks at how your debt relates to the money you have coming in; what percentage of your income must go to paying what you owe. Lenders use this number to assess your risk as a customer — whether you have too much debt to be able to afford your monthly mortgage payments.

Qualifying DTIs can vary depending upon elements such as credit, type of property, and others. Typically, lenders look for a DTI of 45% or, ideally, lower. They generally prefer that your DTI be closer to 36% or perhaps even lower. For this reason, as you focus on becoming a homeowner, you may want to try lowering or even eliminating your debt.

•   The snowball method involves listing all your debts, then putting extra money toward your lowest balance first while paying the minimum on the others. Once that debt is paid off, you can apply that entire payment to your next debt on top of the minimum, and then rinse and repeat.

•   The avalanche method is similar, however it focuses on the highest-interest balance first. By eliminating that high-interest debt at the start, the theory goes, you’ll pay less debt over time as the money starts to roll downhill into your other payments.

•  The snowflake method is a bit different in that the objective is to put any and all extra money (not already budgeted) toward debt as often as possible. Called micropayments, these can be anything from credit-card cash back to the money you pocket by eating at home instead of a restaurant. That holiday money from Grandma? Goes toward debt. Same with any work bonuses.

Debt consolidation loans or refinancing are two other ways that could potentially allow you to get out from under high interest payments. While they won’t eliminate your debt, with better terms, they could help reduce the number of monthly payments you’re responsible for.

Determine Your Budget

Understanding how much house you can afford is a vital step when you are contemplating buying a house. There are several factors to consider, including the home’s price, meaning how much of a down payment you can make and how much the home mortgage loan for the remaining amount will cost you. (There are other costs to consider, too; more on those below.)

You will likely find this information by doing some research online, trying out home mortgage calculators, and talking to friends and family who are homeowners.

Research Potential Mortgages

As mentioned above, understanding your potential down payment and monthly mortgage payments is an important step.

It’s also wise to acquaint yourself with the different kinds of mortgages. You may think it’s just a matter of snagging the lowest interest rate out there, but there’s more to the equation:

•  Options for low- and no-money-down loans. These are available via various programs, such as VA loans for those who are active members of the military or veterans.

•  Fixed- vs. variable-rate mortgages. One may be a better option than the other, depending on your financial needs and how long you plan to live in the home.

•  The different terms possible for mortgages are another factor. While many people may think of a mortgage as a 30-year commitment, there are also loans ranging from 10 to 40 years in length. Depending on your financial resources and cash flow, you may want something other than a 30-year mortgage.

Establish a Solid Budget

As you look for the best way to save for a house, it’s wise to have a solid budget to help you track your money and make sure it goes where you want. That might mean funneling money toward your down payment fund as well as toward paying off debt. There are different budgeting methods you might use.

One popular one is the 50/30/20 rule. In this budget, you allocate 50% of your after-tax dollars to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings.

There are many tools that can help you with budgeting, including apps. You may find that your financial institution’s app includes ways to track your spending and automate your savings.

Automating your savings can be an excellent way to help save a down payment (you’ll learn more about this in a moment). This means that money is seamlessly transferred from your checking to your designated savings account. You don’t have to expend any effort; nor do you see that money bound for savings sitting in checking where you might spend it.

Save for a Down Payment

While there are (as mentioned above) a variety of ways to save for a down payment, consider the fact that it’s a myth that you must put 20% down on a house. The reality, though, is that the median down payment on a conventional loan was around 18% last year and 9% for first-time homebuyers, according to data from the National Association of Realtors®.

To come to your real-life goal for a down payment, you can start by calculating how much house you can afford.

One option you can look into for your mortgage loan is government programs that offer low or no-down-payment mortgage options:

•  Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans are government-backed loans. For those that qualify, they may require only a 3.5% down payment with a credit score of 580 or higher. Loan limits apply by property location.

•  United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans offer up to 100% financing in rural areas for eligible properties and borrowers. (SoFi does not offer USDA loans, but we do offer FHA and VA loans.)

•  Veterans Administration (VA) loans , as noted above, are available for military service and eligible family members with up to 100% financing.

Even though 20% down isn’t a given these days, it might still be a good idea for a number of reasons if you can swing it. First, you avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI), which is used to insure the lender against loss on a loan with less than 20% down. Putting 20% down could potentially mean lower monthly payments, less interest overall, and a quicker path to home equity.

Then, you can find ways to save up for a house, which can range from setting up recurring transfers into a high-yield savings account to investing in the market (more on that below). You might also consider selling stuff you no longer need or want or starting a side hustle to bring in more cash.

Consider Additional Costs

Saving money for a house involves more than you might think. It might start with a down payment, but it can also include several other important (and not insignificant) expenses. Consider the following:

Closing Costs

In addition to your down payment, you’ll likely need to come to the table with your portion of the closing costs.

These include fees that go along with the home buying and loan approval process, such as lender fees, payments to the home inspector, appraiser, and surveyor, escrow payments, and attorney and title fees. It’s a long list, and these closing costs are typically 2% to 5% of the loan amount.

Moving Costs

Moving costs aren’t insignificant: A basic local move may cost you $480 to $2,880, and a long-distance move can ring in at $2,363 to $6,885. It can be wise to get a couple of quotes from well-reviewed moving companies as you go into house-hunting mode so you can budget appropriately.

One easy way to cut down on moving costs is to DIY the entire process, from finding free moving boxes from friends, family, and grocery stores to loading and driving your stuff across town in a friend’s truck. It’s safe to say that even the most frugal moving strategy, however, will likely incur some costs.

Repairs and Decor

It may be difficult to estimate these costs before you have an accepted offer on a home, but it is good to keep in mind how much renovations, repairs, and decorating could cost.

If you’re moving to a larger space, will you need an extra bedroom set? Are you thinking the backyard is perfect for a fire pit, or even a pool? If you are considering a fixer-upper, repairs or upgrades could be tens of thousands of dollars or more.

One bit of good news here is that you may not have to fork over the cash in order to pay for renovations. The FHA offers 203(k) rehab loans to homebuyers. Eligible improvements include structural repairs, elimination of health or safety hazards, modernization, and adding or replacing roofing. You can also add loan fees and mortgage payments during renovation up to the maximum loan amount.

In addition, considering a fixer-upper could be a more affordable way into the housing market. The property might be available for less than market value due to needed work, and any sweat equity you put into the house could equal larger returns down the road.

That said, keep in mind that not all properties are eligible for financing due to structural or other issues and the costs of home repairs can add up quickly, so it’s essential to do your research in advance.

Additional Costs

In addition, you need to account for such other costs as:

•  Property taxes

•  Private mortgage insurance (PMI)

•  Any HOA fees

•  Home maintenance costs (lawn care, HVAC checkups, pest control, and the like)

•  Utilities (heating a house can be pricier than a small apartment).

Invest in Your Future

As you take steps forward to afford a home, you can choose to invest your money in ways that can help you either get to closing day sooner or save even more than you need.

One way to think of investing for a down payment is to compare it to a retirement plan, where a common approach is to save aggressively when you’re younger, then start to transfer your investments into more stable options as you get close to retirement.

Here are some ways you could apply this philosophy to saving for a down payment:

•   If your timeline is under 3 years, consider a conservative portfolio, or maybe a high-yield savings account.

•   If you are looking at 3 to 5 years, consider a conservative or moderately conservative portfolio that could grow your money faster than a cash-based account.

•   If your closing day is 5 to 10 years or more in the future, consider a moderate or moderately aggressive investment portfolio that could yield higher returns in the long run.

While creating a plan can be a smart first step, that doesn’t mean it will go off without a hitch, especially if it’s long-term. You or your partner might change jobs, unexpected medical expenses might pop up, the heating bill could go way up due to a cold winter — life happens.

That’s why it’s important to check in on your budget periodically, see how you’re doing, rebalance your portfolio if needed, and make adjustments to your plan if you’ve gotten off-track from your goal.

The Takeaway

Saving for a house is a big commitment and involves some focus. You’ll need to budget, consider your down payment and other upcoming costs, and also find ways to help your money grow quickly but safely.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

How much money should you save before buying a house?

When buying a house, most people focus on the down payment. Currently, most buyers put down about 13%, but mortgages are available with as little as 3% or 0% down, depending on qualifications. In addition, it’s wise to budget for closing costs, home renovation, and furnishing costs, as well as having an emergency fund in place.

What is the fastest way to save money for a house?

There are a variety of ways to quickly save money for a house including tracking and reducing your spending, minimizing debt, automating your savings, considering opening a high-yield savings account or investing in the market (depending on your timeline), and bringing in more income via a side hustle.

How do you realistically save for a house?

To afford a home, it can be wise to pay off or lower your debt, minimize your spending, increase your savings, sell stuff you no longer want or need, and bring in extra income through additional work.

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

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A townhouse is a multi-story home that’s owned by individuals and is attached to at least one other similar unit. This type of hybrid dwelling combines features of a single-family home with a condominium — having some of the benefits and challenges of each. It’s also sometimes called a townhome or a row home or row house.

Differences Between Townhomes and Condos

Differences between a detached home and a townhouse may be clearer than differences between a townhouse and a condo. After all, a home is a freestanding structure while a townhouse, like a condo, is part of a group of homes.

So, how is a townhouse different from a condo? Well, for one thing, although townhouses would share walls with units that are right next to theirs, there wouldn’t be a dwelling above them or below, as could be the case with a condo.

Typically, people who own a condo are responsible for the interior of their units, while funds that they pay into their homeowners’ association (HOA) are used to maintain shared areas and the outside of the building.

Townhouse owners, though, are usually responsible for maintaining the inside and outside alike, which is more like owning a freestanding house.

Because townhouse owners are usually responsible for more maintenance than condo owners, their HOA fees are often smaller and they typically have more freedom on how to renovate their dwellings. Neither of these is universally true, though, so it’s important to check the specifics of the property of interest.

Potential townhouse owners may be asking themselves, “Is buying a townhouse a good investment? What are the pros and cons?”

Let’s take a look at the pros and cons of buying a townhouse, along with insights into getting a mortgage loan.

Pros of Buying a Townhouse

Having control over the inside and outside of a townhouse might make buying one more appealing than purchasing a condominium. Townhome owners might appreciate how they have more ability to make decisions about their property.
Additional benefits of buying a townhouse include:

More Affordable

A townhouse can be an affordable option in communities with higher home prices, providing a space-savvy housing choice in places where available land can be scarce. Although townhouses may be more expensive than a condominium in a community of choice, they tend to be less expensive than a detached home.

Less Maintenance

Townhouses may be appealing to busy people; there’s no big yard that needs time and attention and, if owners travel for work and/or pleasure, security services that may be covered by HOA fees can help to protect the dwelling without any extra steps needed — and the townhouse complex may even be gated for added security.

Amenities

There may be great shared spaces and amenities for families to enjoy. These can include gyms and pools, and people who own units each have an ownership interest in these common-area benefits — which means they have a legal right to use them.

You Own the Land

Buyers of a townhouse will actually own the land where the building sits. In contrast, the condo owner would only own their unit, not any of the land. This means that someone owning a townhouse is typically less restricted on how the land could be used, perhaps being able to install a patio, for example.

Pay Less in Property Taxes

Owners of a townhouse usually pay less in property taxes when compared to a stand-alone home. This is typically true because of the smaller lot size.

Townhomes could be ideal for first-time homebuyers who are looking for a more affordable option in densely populated areas. It can also be a good choice for people who aren’t interested in doing much home maintenance.

Recommended: Track the Value of Your Home and Real Estate

Cons of Buying a Townhouse

Townhomes may not be ideal for everyone. If you don’t want to share walls with another family, for example, a townhouse may be eliminated.

Other potential downsides of buying a townhouse include:

Limited Lot Size

The limited lot sizes that make it easy to minimize maintenance also means that townhouse owners don’t have the benefits that come with a larger yard, whether that means hosting larger picnics, setting up a swing set for the kids, or creatively landscaping the space.

Less Privacy

Townhouses are less private than single-family homes. While there are no units above or below, as there would be with a condominium, walls are shared and backyards are fairly small. This may be problematic if young children living in the townhouse want to run around and play.

Potentially Many Stairs

Townhouses are built upward to maximize limited land, meaning a townhouse could be three or four stories with only a couple of rooms on each floor. This means stairs. Perhaps lots of stairs. If someone in the home has physical challenges or has recently had surgery — or just needs to carry a giant load of laundry down to the washer/dryer — navigating a townhouse can be difficult.

Less Appreciation

In general, the value of a townhouse does not appreciate as quickly as that of a single-family home. Because of this, it may not make sense to buy a townhouse if the idea is to invest in real estate, rather than simply having a desired place to live.

After reviewing the pros and cons, is buying a townhouse a good idea? Here’s one more consideration: financing the unit.

Financing a Townhouse

Seeking a mortgage loan for a townhouse is similar to getting one for a single-family home. That’s because, unlike a condo purchaser, the buyer of a townhouse also owns the land beneath the dwelling.

When buying a townhouse, lenders will typically want to see a buyer’s monthly income and outstanding debt to determine their debt-to-income ratio and see how much house they can afford. The lender will also check your credit score.

If the townhouse has HOA fees, those would be included in the mortgage calculations. Just as with a single-family home, it can make sense to get preapproved for a dollar amount before townhouse shopping.

The Takeaway

A townhouse can be a good solution for busy people who don’t have time to do lots of upkeep on their property. It’s also a popular choice for first-time homebuyers because of its relative affordability as compared to a freestanding house. Do you play an instrument, need a big yard, or crave solitude? An attached house with limited outdoor space might not be for you. Whatever home you choose, though, you will likely need a mortgage — and getting a loan for a townhouse is similar to getting a mortgage for a freestanding house.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Can you hear through the walls of a townhouse?

How much of your neighbors’ noise you can hear through the walls of a townhouse will depend on when and how the house was constructed. Older buildings may have thicker walls than newer homes. But either way, you get cozier with your neighbors when you share a wall. If you want total quiet, townhouse living probably isn’t for you.

Are townhouses hard to sell?

There’s no hard evidence that townhouses are hard to sell. In some communities, such as around large universities, townhouses move quickly as each wave of students and grads seek housing. And because townhouses are a good solution for first-time homebuyers, it’s generally true that as long as an area’s population has lots of new would-be homeowners, townhouses will move.

How is a townhouse different from a condo?

A townhouse will share at least one wall with a property next door. A condo could share walls but it may also have another unit below and above it. Both are fairly low-maintenance properties, but condo owners typically have to follow rules set by a homeowners association while townhouses aren’t always part of an HOA. But the biggest difference is in the ownership structure. Condo owners typically own their interior space. Townhome owners usually own the building and land beneath it.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

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