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Buying a house can be a fraught process, but when the market is hot, the days between offer and closing can feel endless, especially if the mortgage underwriter asks you to write a letter of explanation.

But there’s no need to panic or assume that your mortgage application will fail. The lender is simply seeking clarification about any potential red flags in your financial documents or credit history.

What’s a Letter of Explanation?

A letter of explanation for a mortgage explains details of your financial situation that may need further clarification. Because a mortgage is a large loan, lenders need to know that the borrower is capable of shouldering the mortgage.

Lenders also know that life can’t be boiled down to a spreadsheet, and that it’s not unusual for a mortgage application to include things like a late credit payment or a period of job loss.

To do due diligence, the mortgage underwriter will ask you to explain the situation in a brief letter, which will be added to your mortgage application. Additional documentation and paperwork may be required.


💡 Quick Tip: With SoFi, it takes just minutes to view your rate for a home loan online.

Why Do I Need to Provide a Letter of Explanation?

Common issues that could trigger a request for a letter of explanation include:

• Questions about your income if you don’t have W-2s or are self-employed

• Negative items on your credit report

• Employment gaps

• Your living situation if you don’t pay any rent or mortgage

• A property income or loss you claim

• Credit lines opened after you’ve put in your mortgage application

• Large deposits to, and sometimes withdrawals from, your bank account

Must I Explain a Large Deposit?

If there’s a big or unexplained deposit to your bank account, your lender may want to know where the money came from — and whether that money needs to be paid back.

A lender may also question any uneven income streams, or if deposits don’t line up with your W-2s or your tax returns.

If you received cash from, say, a parent to help with a down payment or closing costs, you may also need a gift letter signed by the giver and recipient stating that the money was a gift, not a loan. Your lender may have a template for a gift letter.

Keep in mind that your lender may be more likely to scrutinize any large deposits or withdrawals within the last 60 days.

Letter of Explanation Template

A letter of explanation is not an autobiography or an admission that you did anything wrong. It’s simply a statement of the reason for any discrepancy or issue, along with any documentation, to back up your current financial picture.

You can keep a letter of explanation brief. It should include:

• Your name and address

• Your lender’s name and address

• A subject line that includes your application number and name

• A brief paragraph explaining the situation

• A polite closing

• Your signed full name

It might look like this:

The tone of the letter should be polite and factual. Remember: Your goal is not to pull on the lender’s heartstrings; it’s to reassure them that your application is solid and you would responsibly pay back your mortgage on time.


💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($766,550 in most places, or $1,149,825 in many high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.

4 Tips for an Effective Letter of Explanation

Although being asked to write a letter of explanation may sound like being assigned homework, it’s actually a great opportunity: It means you might be able to qualify for the mortgage you want, even with an imperfect application. Here are some tips to help ensure you get an A+ on this particularly important homework assignment.

1. Keep It Simple

When you’re asked to explain yourself, it can be easy to jump into a broad-reaching narrative starting from childhood, but the best letters of recommendation tend to be short and simple: They clarify the situation being asked about and reassure the lender that the “red flag” situation won’t affect the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.

2. Provide Clear Details

Generally speaking, you’ll want to specifically name whatever item you’re being asked about (late payments on a credit card account ending in 0101; an employment gap between 2/20/2020 and 9/07/2020; etc.).

Then explain. For instance, if you’re being asked about an employment gap, you might let the lender know that you were let go as a result of corporate downsizing and that you freelanced while searching for a new job.

If you’re being asked about late credit card payments, you might let the lender know that you were in the hospital at that time and thus unable to make your credit card payments, or whatever the case may be.

The key is to take responsibility for the issue and provide clear, pertinent details without being too wordy.

3. Be Honest

This may go without saying, but you definitely don’t want to lie in your letter of explanation. For one thing, doing so is likely to keep you from being approved for the mortgage — and for another, it can be considered mortgage fraud, a serious crime that can come with prison time and fines.

4. Acknowledge Responsibility, but Don’t Get Emotional

When writing a letter of explanation, you may be justifying negative items in your credit history that resulted from poor decisions — or just poor circumstances. Nobody’s perfect, but a lender simply wants to make sure you won’t default on your loan.

It can be helpful to acknowledge the ways you’ve adjusted your financial habits in response to a negative item. This helps to reassure the lender that it won’t have an impact on your ability to pay your mortgage.

For example, if you’re writing a letter of explanation to address late rent payments after a layoff, you might add that you’ve since saved up an emergency fund of three months of living expenses in order to avoid being financially blindsided in the future.

However, writing an emotional sob story won’t help. Remember: It’s a good idea to keep it simple, clear, honest, and as short as possible while still covering all those bases.

Getting Your Mortgage Application in Shape

Knowing what documents you need and what a mortgage lender will look at can help get your application in strong shape before you file it. Your lender will scrutinize your credit history and any late payments, especially ones within the last 12 months. But there are ways to proactively tackle any issues on your credit reports.

• Check your credit reports. Knowing what your mortgage lender may see can help you assess where any weak points may be, and what information they may ask for.

• Call the creditor if you have a recent late payment. Creditors know that accidents happen and bills may be misplaced. If your account is otherwise in good standing, it’s possible that a creditor may erase the late payment.

• Focus on additional aspects of your credit. Making sure to pay bills on time and keeping your credit utilization below 30% can help build credit.

• Think twice about opening accounts. Before and after applying for a mortgage, it can be a good idea to be mindful of opening new lines of credit or charging an extensive amount on current cards. Suddenly taking on more debt on credit cards can raise a red flag to lenders, which may result in being asked to write a letter of explanation.

Understanding how a lender will see your mortgage application can give you confidence and may help you head off any potential problems.

Recommended: Preapproved vs. Prequalified: What’s the Difference?

The Takeaway

A letter of explanation is when a mortgage lender needs clarity about a red flag or discrepancy that arises on your application. Knowing what to expect, having documentation ready, and answering any questions the lender may have can all be helpful in getting your home loan approved.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

Photo credit: iStock/scyther5

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SOHL0623072

As of 2023, only 21% of people say now is a good time to buy a house according to a Gallup poll. This is due to high home prices and high interest rates. While the average home price has dropped since the last quarter of 2022, prices are still higher than normal. The median home price currently sits at $424,495 and mortgage rates as of June 2023 are 6.67% for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages and 6.03% for 15-year FRMs.

We’ve seen higher home prices and higher interest rates in the past year, so now may not be the worst time to buy. However, whether or not now is a good time to buy a house depends heavily on your unique financial situation and local market dynamics.

Determining When You’re Ready to Buy

Before you assess the current real estate market and pay close attention to interest rate fluctuations, it’s important to understand your financial and personal situation.

Here are a few factors you may want to consider before deciding if a new home is a good play right now.

Making Room in the Budget

When buying a home, the first thing you’ll need to budget for is a down payment.

While 20% of the home’s value is the benchmark, you may only need 3.5% if you apply for an FHA loan. But even 3.5% can be a chunk of change. If you want to buy a $200,000 house, 3.5% is $7,000.

Your home-buying budget should be large enough to cover a down payment as well as closing costs, which typically include homeowners insurance, appraisal fees, property taxes, and any mortgage insurance.

Remaining Consistent

How long do you plan to live in the city where you’re eyeing a home? If you plan on staying in the home long-term, now could be a good time to buy because staying put will give your home time to appreciate (subject to market fluctuations).

Since mortgage lenders pay close attention to job consistency and a steady income, you may also want to consider your job security. Especially during uncertain times, it’s crucial to feel confident knowing you can make your mortgage payments every month.

💡 Quick Tip: Buying a home shouldn’t be aggravating. Online mortgage loan forms can make applying quick and simple.

Checking Your Financial Profile

It’s a good idea to check your financial profile. Doing so may help you secure better financing terms when you purchase a home. Lenders will review your credit history, debt-to-income ratio, and assets, among other factors, to determine your eligibility for a mortgage.

Lenders review your credit history to gauge your creditworthiness and the level of risk to lend you money. They look at your debt-to-income ratio to indicate how much of your income goes toward debt payments every month.

If your ratio is high, it can show you’re overleveraged, which may mean you’re not in a position to take on more debt like a mortgage. You may also face a higher interest rate.

Last, a mortgage applicant can list assets like cash and investments. The more assets you have, the less risky lenders view you.

Weighing Renting Vs. Buying

You may want to compare renting vs. buying a home.

If renting a home in your community is less expensive than buying, you may want to hold off on a home purchase. Conversely, if renting is more expensive, you may be more enticed to purchase a new home.

Overall, if you find that these factors point you in the direction of homeownership, it’s possible you’re ready to buy a home and can begin determining the perfect time to pounce.

Observing Interest Rates

When determining if now is a good time to buy a house, buyers should look closely at interest rates.

Financial institutions charge interest to cover the costs of loaning money when they offer you a mortgage. The interest rate they charge is influenced by the Federal Reserve, but mortgage-backed securities are considered to be the main driver.

When interest rates are low, borrowing money is less expensive to the borrower. As interest rates rise, borrowing money becomes more costly. The government has been slashing rates to keep buyers in the market.

But keep in mind that the rate and terms you qualify for will depend on financial factors including your credit score, down payment, and loan amount.

And, if interest rates go down after you purchase your home, you can always choose to refinance your mortgage in hopes of getting a lower rate.


💡 Quick Tip: A home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi gives you the flexibility to spend what you need when you need it — you only pay interest on the amount that you spend. And the interest rate is lower than most credit cards.

Timing the Real Estate Market

Essentially, to time any market, you want to aim to buy low and sell high. If you’re going to buy a property, you’ll want to ideally buy when there are more sellers than there are buyers—a buyer’s market.

In a buyer’s market, buyers have an abundance of homes to choose from. This may also give you leverage to ask for more concessions from sellers eager to close a deal, such as a seller credit toward your closing costs or help covering the cost of repairs.

Conversely, in a seller’s market, real estate inventory is low and demand is high, which may drive up home prices.

Recommended: How Does Housing Inventory Affect Buyers & Sellers?

To identify the current market conditions, you may want to visit real estate websites like Zillow, Redfin, Realtor.com, or Trulia to look at inventory in your area or ZIP code.

Typically, it’s a buyer’s market if you see more than seven months’ worth of inventory.

If you see five to seven months of inventory, you’re in a balanced market that isn’t especially beneficial to buyers or sellers.

It’s a seller’s market when there is less than five months’ worth of inventory.

Understanding Local Economics and Trends

Because prices can vastly vary from area to area, real estate is often considered a location-driven market. This means that general rules of thumb might not be valid in every region or city.

Also, local economics may play a role in housing demand. For instance, if a large company decides to move its operations to a city, that city may experience a housing boom that creates a spike in home prices.

That said, hopeful buyers will want to pay close attention to the economic happenings and housing trends in their desired location.

The Takeaway

If you find a home that seems right for you, your employment is stable, and you can get a home loan with a good interest rate, buying may make sense. Then again, with interest rates and home prices still being on the high side, comparing the costs of renting and buying may be called for.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

SOHL0623040

Installing solar panels in your home allows you to do your part for the planet while also reducing your monthly utility bills. However, the cost to purchase panels and have them installed can be a deterrent. Even if you know you’ll save money over the long term, it may be hard to come up with the funds to pay for the project up front.

Fortunately, there are tax incentives as well as financing options that make paying for a solar system a lot more manageable. Solar financing involves using instruments, like loans and leases, to pay for a solar system in installments over time rather than in one lump sum at the time of purchase. Each financing option has different features, advantages, and drawbacks.

Read on to learn more, including how much solar panels cost today, how much they can help you save, plus solar financing options that can help you cover the initial bill.

The Cost of Solar Panels

The cost of solar panels varies by location, the type of solar panels, and the system’s size, but an average-sized residential system currently runs around $16,000. The actual cost of solar panels can run as high as $35,000. However, federal and local tax incentives and rebates can take more than half of the cost off.

There are also different financing options available that allow you to pay for a solar system in installments rather than in one lump sum up front. The monthly amount owed on a solar loan is typically less than an average utility bill.

Recommended: Strategies to Lower Your Energy Bill When Working From Home

Potential Benefits of Solar Panels

One of the benefits of solar panels is the potential to reduce or completely eliminate your energy bills. Depending on how much sunlight there is where you live, how many panels you install, and your energy use, you could potentially receive enough power through solar panels to completely meet your needs.

Even if your solar panels don’t eliminate your electric bills, it can lead to significant savings. Generally, the initial expense of the purchase of a solar system can be recouped in an average of six to 10 years. After recouping installation costs, the amount you’ll save over the life of your panels will continue to add up.

Another benefit of solar panels is the potential to increase the resale value of your home. Research has shown that, on average, homes with solar panels sell for 4% more than those without them.

For some people, one of the biggest benefits of installing solar panels, however, is knowing that they’re using renewable energy and helping to reduce greenhouse gasses. This could especially be important for those living in a state where the majority of the energy generated is through non-renewable power sources.

Recommended: Does Paying Utilities Build Credit?

Potential Drawbacks of Solar Panels

While solar panels have the potential to save homeowners money and do a lot of good for the planet, they come with a high price tag. Solar power financing can help make solar energy possible for more people, but not everyone qualifies.

Another drawback to solar energy is that it is sunlight dependent. If there is a long stretch of overcast weather, or if you live in an area that doesn’t get a lot of sun, you might not be able to generate enough solar energy to take care of your energy needs. However, solar batteries (which store excess energy) can help mitigate this issue.

Solar panels and the wiring they require can also use up a significant amount of space. Depending on how many panels you need for your home, it can be difficult to find adequate space with sufficient sun exposure to install a solar system.

Also keep in mind that uninstalling a solar system and moving it can be difficult and costly. As a result, a solar system is not something you can generally take from house to house. It’s best to consider it as an investment in your home.

Saving Money by Installing Solar Panels

More than 2.5 million homeowners in America currently have solar panels. One reason is the savings it can offer over time. Once installed on your roof, solar panels typically last for at least 25 years. If your solar system eliminates your electric bill and you normally spend about $150 a month on electricity, that would bring in a potential savings of $65,000 over the life of the system.

Keep in mind, however, that solar panels don’t always eliminate your electricity bill. And, as with any home improvement project, it’s important to consider the upfront costs, how long you plan to live in your home, and if you can find financing options that work with your budget.

Four Options for Solar Panel Financing

While converting to solar can pay for itself over time, it requires a sizable upfront investment. Here are some options that can help make it easier to foot the bill.

1. Tax Credits and Rebates

A smart solar power financing strategy starts with taking advantage of all available tax credits and rebates. The federal government currently offers a 30% tax credit for solar panels installed through 2032.

Unlike a deduction, a tax credit is an amount of money that you can subtract, dollar for dollar, from the income taxes you owe. So, if you pay $30,000 to install a new solar system, you’ll qualify for a roughly $9,000 tax credit, which equates to $9,000 more in your pocket.

In addition, many states offer rebates that further reduce the cost. To help people learn more about state and local incentive programs, North Carolina State University’s N.C. Clean Energy Technology Center offers a nationwide directory of programs .

2. Solar Panel Leases

A unique option for solar panel financing is a solar lease or power purchase agreement (PPA). With both a lease or a PPA, a company installs the solar system on your roof, and you pay that company for your energy each month, which is typically 10% to 30% lower than your usual electric bill. The company owns the panels and remains responsible for any required maintenance.

Since you don’t own the solar system, however, you can’t take advantage of any tax rebates or other incentives that come with purchasing solar panels outright. Also, solar lease and PPA contracts can extend 25 to 30 years. If you want to move before the contract is up, you would need to find a buyer who wants to take over your contract or could end up paying a hefty cancellation fee.

3. Secured Solar Panel Loans

Since you are adding to and improving your home, you might consider using a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) to finance solar panels. This type of financing is secured by the equity you have in your home. Because the debt is secured (which lowers the risk to the lender), you may qualify for a relatively low interest rate. However, if you are unable to repay the loan or credit line, the lender can take your home to recoup its losses. Also, you need to have equity in your home to qualify for a home equity loan or HELOC.

4. Unsecured Solar Panel Loans

An unsecured solar panel loan is an unsecured personal loan that you can use to purchase solar panels. You don’t have to have any equity in your home, or use your home as collateral, to qualify for an unsecured solar panel loan To get approved, the lender considers your income and your credit rating (among other financial factors that vary from lender to lender).

With an unsecured personal loan, you receive a lump sum up front, which you can use for virtually any type of expense, including solar panels. These loans typically have fixed rates so your monthly repayments stay the same over the term of the loan, which is often five to seven years. Because this type of solar panel financing is unsecured, rates can be higher than you might get with a home equity loan or HELOC.

The Tax Benefits of Solar Panels

Installing solar panels can help reduce your federal income tax due in the year the installation is complete. There is a 30% tax credit currently in place for systems installed in 2022-2032. The tax credit expires starting in 2035 unless Congress renews it.

To qualify for the solar panel tax credit, your solar panels must be installed at your primary or secondary U.S. residence between Jan. 1, 2022, and Dec. 31, 2034. You also must own the solar panel system, i.e. you purchased it with cash or solar panel financing but you are neither leasing nor are in a PPA arrangement.

In addition, the system must be new or being used for the first time, and the credit can only be claimed on the original installation of the solar equipment. There is no maximum amount that can be claimed.

The following expenses can be included:

•  Solar PV panels or PV cells (including those used to power an attic fan, but not the fan itself)

•  Contractor costs, including installation, permitting fees, and inspection fees.

•  Balance-of-system equipment, including wiring, inverters, and mounting equipment

•  Energy storage devices that have a capacity rating of 3 kilowatt-hours (kWh) or greater

•  Sale tax on eligible expenses

In addition to the federal tax credit, there are also state-level solar incentives, which vary widely. Generally, getting a state tax break or rebate won’t limit your ability to get solar credits from the IRS.

Your local utility may also offer clear energy incentives, which can help you save money on solar panels. However, this may impact your federal income tax credit.

The Takeaway

There’s no question that solar panels are environmentally friendly. Over time they can also be economically friendly, saving you money on your electricity bill. Doing some research about residential solar panels and general home improvement financing are good steps to take to see if it’s the right choice for your home.

If you are interested in getting a loan to finance a solar system, a SoFi unsecured personal loan could be a good option. SoFi personal loans offer competitive, fixed rates and a variety of terms. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

​​Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOPL0623017

A jumbo loan is a home mortgage loan that exceeds maximum dollar limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Loans that fall within the limit are called conforming loans. Loans that exceed them are jumbo loans.

Jumbo mortgages may be needed by buyers in areas where housing is expensive, and they’re also popular among lovers of high-end homes, investors, and vacation home seekers.

What Is a Jumbo Loan?

To understand jumbo home loans, it first helps to understand the function of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Neither government-sponsored enterprise actually creates mortgages; they purchase them from lenders and repackage them into mortgage-backed securities for investors, giving lenders needed liquidity.

Each year the FHFA sets a maximum value for loans that Freddie and Fannie will buy from lenders — the so-called conforming loans.

Jumbo Loans vs Conforming Loans

Because jumbo home loans don’t meet Freddie and Fannie’s criteria for acquisition, they are referred to as nonconforming loans. Nonconforming, or jumbo, loans usually have stricter requirements because they carry a higher risk for the lender.

Jumbo Loan Limits

So how large does a loan have to be to be considered jumbo? In most counties, the conforming loan limits for 2023 are:

•  $726,200 for a single-family home

•  $929,850 for a two-unit property

•  $1,123,900 for a three-unit property

•  $1,396,800 for a four-unit property

The limit is higher in pricey areas. For 2023, the conforming loan limits in those areas are:

•  $1,089,300 for one unit

•  $1,394,775 for two units

•  $1,685,850 for three units

•  $2,095,200 for four units

Given rising home values in many cities, a jumbo loan may be necessary to buy a home. Teton County, Wyoming, for instance, has an average home value of $1,624,087 and a conforming loan limit of $1,089,300.

Recommended: The Cost of Living By State

Qualifying for a Jumbo Loan

Approval for a jumbo mortgage loan depends on factors such as your income, debt, savings, credit history, employment status, and the property you intend to buy. The standards can be tougher for jumbo loans than conforming loans.

The lender may be underwriting the loan manually, meaning it’s likely to require much more detailed financial documentation — especially since standards grew more stringent after the 2007 housing market implosion and during the pandemic.

Lenders generally set their own terms for a jumbo mortgage, and the landscape for loan requirements is always changing, but here are a few examples of potential heightened requirements for jumbo loans.

•  Your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio. This ratio compares your total monthly debt payments and your gross monthly income. The figure helps lenders understand how much disposable income you have and whether they can feel confident you’ll be able to afford adding a new loan to the mix.

To qualify for most mortgages, you need a DTI ratio no higher than 43%. In certain loan scenarios, lenders sometimes want to see an even lower DTI ratio for a jumbo loan, or they may counter with less favorable loan terms for a higher DTI.

•  Your credit score. This number, which ranges from 300 to 850, helps lenders get a snapshot of your credit history. The score is based on your payment history, the percentage of available credit you’re using, how often you open and close accounts such as credit cards, and the average age of your accounts.

To qualify for a jumbo loan, some lenders require a minimum score of 700 to 740 for a primary home, or up to 760 for other property types. Keep in mind that a lower score doesn’t mean you won’t be able to get a jumbo loan. The decision depends on the lender and other factors, such as the loan program requirements, your debt, down payment amount, and reserves.

•  Down payment. Conforming mortgages generally require a 20% down payment if you want to avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI), which helps protect the lender from the risk of default.

Historically, some lenders required even higher down payments for jumbo mortgages, but that’s not necessarily the case anymore. Typically, you’ll need to put at least 20% down, although there are exceptions.

A VA loan can be used for jumbo loans. The Department of Veterans Affairs will insure the part of the loan that falls under conforming loan limits. The down payment requirement is based on the portion of the jumbo loan that’s above the conforming loan limit. The loan is available from some lenders with nothing down and no PMI. VA loans have a one-time “funding fee,” though, a percentage of the amount being borrowed.

•  Your savings. Jumbo loan programs often require mortgage reserves, housing costs borrowers can cover with their savings. The number of months of PITI house payments (principal, interest, taxes, insurance), plus any PMI or homeowner association fees, needed in reserves after loan closing depends on many factors. For a jumbo loan, some lenders may require reserves of three to 24 months of housing payments.

You don’t necessarily need to have all the money in cash. Part of mortgage reserves can take the form of a 401(k), stock portfolios, mutual funds, money market accounts, and simplified employee pension accounts.

Also, depending on the loan program, a lender may be comfortable with lower cash reserves if you have a high credit score, low DTI ratio, a high down payment, or some combination of these things.

•  Documentation. Lenders want a complete financial picture for any potential borrower, and jumbo loan seekers are no exception. Most lenders operate under the “ability to repay” rule, which means they must make a reasonable, good-faith determination of the consumer’s ability to repay the loan according to their terms. Applicants should expect lenders to vet their creditworthiness, income, and assets.

Jumbo Loan Rates

You might assume that interest rates for jumbo loans are higher than for conforming loans since the lender is putting more money on the line.

But jumbo mortgage rates fluctuate with market conditions. Jumbo mortgage rates can be similar to those of other mortgages, but sometimes they are lower.

Because the absolute dollar figure of the loan is higher than a conforming loan, it is reasonable to expect closing costs to be higher. Some closing costs are fixed, such as a loan processing fee, but others, such as title insurance, are tiered based on the purchase price or loan amount.

Pros and Cons of Jumbo Loans

Benefits

Because a jumbo loan is for an amount greater than a conforming loan, it gives you more options for ownership of homes that are otherwise cost-prohibitive. You can use a jumbo loan to purchase all kinds of residences, from your main home to a vacation getaway to an investment property.

Drawbacks

Due to their more stringent requirements, jumbo loans may be more accessible for borrowers with higher incomes, strong credit scores, modest DTI ratios, and plentiful reserves.

However, don’t assume that jumbo loans are just for the rich. Lenders offer these loans to borrowers with a wide variety of income levels and credit scores.

Lender requirements vary, so if you’re seeking a jumbo loan, you may want to shop around to see what terms and interest rates are available.

The most important factor, as with any loan, is that you are confident in your ability to make the mortgage payments in full and on time in the long term.

How to Qualify for a Jumbo Loan

To qualify for a jumbo loan, borrowers need to meet certain jumbo loan requirements. You’ll likely need to show a prospective lender two years of tax returns, pay stubs, and statements for bank and possibly investment accounts. The lender may require an appraisal of the property to ensure they are only lending what the home is worth.

Is a Jumbo Loan Right for You?

You’ll need to come up with a large down payment on a property that merits a jumbo loan, and some of your closing costs will be higher than for a conventional loan. But depending on where you wish to buy, the cost of the property, and the amount you wish to borrow, a jumbo loan may be your only choice for a home mortgage loan. It’s a particularly attractive option if you have good credit, a low DTI, and a robust savings account. And sometimes jumbo home loans actually have lower interest rates than other loans.

What About Refinancing a Jumbo Loan?

After you’ve gone through the mortgage and homebuying process, it could be helpful to have information about refinancing. Some borrowers choose to refinance in order to secure a lower interest rate or more preferable loan terms.

This could be worth considering if your personal situation or mortgage interest rates have improved.

Refinancing a jumbo mortgage to a lower rate could result in substantial savings. Since the initial sum is so large, even a change of just 1 percentage point could be impactful.

Refinancing could also result in improved loan terms. For example, if you have an adjustable-rate mortgage and worry about fluctuating rates, you could refinance the loan to a fixed-rate home loan.

Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home

Jumbo Loan Limits by State

The conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency can vary based on the county where you are buying a home.

In most areas of the country, the conforming loan limit for a one-unit property increased to $726,200 in 2023 (the amount rises for multiunit properties). The chart below shows exceptions to the $726,200 limit by state and county.

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency

The Takeaway

What’s the skinny on jumbo loans? They’re essential for buyers of more costly properties because they exceed government limits for conforming loans. Luxury-home buyers and house hunters in expensive counties may turn to these loans, but they’ll have to clear the higher hurdles involved.

If you’re interested in refinancing a jumbo mortgage at competitive rates, consider SoFi. You can prequalify online and put as little as 10% down.

FAQ

What are jumbo loan requirements?

Jumbo loans typically require a credit score of at least 700, a low DTI, and a down payment of at least 20%, although there are always exceptions.

What is the difference between a jumbo loan and a regular loan?

A jumbo loan is a home mortgage loan that exceeds maximum dollar limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency. Jumbo loans are typically used by buyers in regions with higher-priced housing but are also popular among luxury homebuyers and investors.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Buying a house is a major rite of passage. While it’s fun to imagine what kind of home you’ll buy (farmhouse? Mid-century modern?), how you’ll renovate it, and what it will be like to have your own space, buying a home also requires considerable planning and financial discipline.

After all, buying a home is often the largest financial transaction you will ever make, and it can be the biggest investment of your lifetime, too; a key source of growing your personal wealth. Here is the advice you need on:

•  How to prepare for buying a home

•  How to save money for a house, including the down payment

•  How to budget for owning a house.

What You Need to Know Before Saving for a House

Here are some important first steps toward homeownership.

Understand Your Finances

Many people have debt these days, whether student loans, a personal loan, credit card debt, a car loan, or a combination of some (or all) of these. A lot of debt could hinder your ability to save for a home and qualify for a home loan.

A number of factors come into play when applying for a mortgage, including your debt-to-income ratio (DTI). Your DTI looks at how your debt relates to the money you have coming in; what percentage of your income must go to paying what you owe. Lenders use this number to assess your risk as a customer, whether you have too much debt to be able to afford your monthly mortgage payments.

Qualifying DTIs can vary depending upon elements such as credit, type of property and others. Typically, lenders look for a DTI of 43% or lower. It is typically preferred that your DTI be closer to 36% or perhaps even lower. For this reason, as you focus on becoming a homeowner, you may want to try lowering or even eliminating your debt.

•  The snowball method involves listing all your debts, then putting extra money toward your lowest balance first while paying the minimum on the others. Once that debt is paid off, you can apply that entire payment to your next debt on top of the minimum, rinse and repeat.

•  The avalanche method is similar, however it focuses on the highest-interest balance first. By eliminating that high-interest debt first, the theory goes, you’ll pay less debt over time as the money starts to roll downhill into your other payments.

•  The snowflake method is a bit different in that the objective is to put any and all extra money (not already budgeted) toward debt as often as possible. Called micropayments, these can be anything from credit-card cash back to the money you pocket by eating at home instead of a restaurant. That holiday money from Grandma? Goes toward debt. Same with any work bonuses.

Debt consolidation loans or refinancing are two other ways that could potentially allow you to get out from under high interest payments. While they won’t eliminate your debt, with better terms, they could help reduce the number of monthly payments you’re responsible for.

Determine Your Budget

Understanding how much house you can afford is a vital step when you are contemplating buying a house. There are several factors to consider, including the home’s price, meaning how much of a down payment you can make and how much the home mortgage loan for the remaining amount will cost you. (There are other costs to consider, too; more on those below.)

You will likely find this information by doing some research online, trying out home mortgage calculators, and talking to friends and family who are homeowners.

Research Potential Mortgages

As mentioned above, understanding your potential down payment and monthly mortgage payments is an important step.

It’s also wise to acquaint yourself with the different kinds of mortgages. You may think it’s just a matter of snagging the lowest interest rate out there, but there’s more to the equation:

•  Options for low- and no-money-down loans. These are available via various programs, such as VA loans for those who are active members of the military or veterans.

•  Fixed- vs. variable-rate mortgages. One may be a better option than the other, depending on your financial needs and how long you plan to live in the home.

•  The different terms possible for mortgages are another factor. While many people may think of a mortgage as a 30-year commitment, there are also loans ranging from 10 to 40 years in length. Depending on your financial resources and cash flow, you may want something other than a 30-year mortgage.

Establish a Solid Budget

As you look for the best way to save for a house, it’s wise to have a solid budget to help you track your money and make sure it goes where you want. That might mean funneling money toward your down payment fund as well as toward paying off debt. There are different budgeting methods you might use.

One popular one is the 50/30/20 rule. In this budget, you allocate 50% of your after-tax dollars to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings.

There are many tools that can help you with budgeting, including apps. You may find that your financial institution’s app includes ways to track your spending and automate your savings.

Automating your savings can be an excellent way to help save a down payment (you’ll learn more about this in a moment). This means that money is seamlessly transferred from your checking to your designated savings account. You don’t have to expend any effort; nor do you see that money bound for savings sitting in checking where you might spend it.

Save for a Down Payment

While there are (as mentioned above) a variety of ways to save for a down payment, consider the fact that it’s a myth that you must put 20% down on a house. The reality, though, is that the median down payment on a conventional loan was around 13% last year, according to data from the National Association of Realtors.

To come to your real-life goal for a down payment, you can start by calculating how much house you can afford.

One option you can look into for your mortgage loan is government programs that offer low or no-down-payment mortgage options:

•  Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loans are government-backed loans. For those that qualify, they may require only a 3.5% down payment with a credit score of 580 or higher. Loan limits apply by property location.

•  United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans offer up to 100% financing in rural areas for eligible properties and borrowers.

•  Veterans Administration (VA) loans , as noted above, are available for military service and eligible family members with up to 100% financing.

Even though 20% down isn’t a given these days, it might still be a good idea for a number of reasons if you can swing it. First, you avoid paying private mortgage insurance (PMI), which is used to insure the lender against loss on a loan with less than 20% down. Putting 20% down could potentially mean lower monthly payments, less interest overall, and a quicker path to home equity.

Then, you can find ways to save up for a house, which can range from setting up recurring transfers into a high-yield savings account to investing in the market (more on that below). You might also consider selling stuff you no longer need or want or starting a side hustle to bring in more cash.

Consider Additional Costs

Saving money for a house is about more than you might think. It might start with a down payment, but it can also include several other important (and not insignificant) expenses. Consider the following:

Closing Costs

In addition to your down payment, you’ll likely need to come to the table with your portion of the closing costs.

These include fees that go along with the home buying and loan approval process, such as lender fees, payments to the home inspector, appraiser and surveyor, escrow payments, attorney and title fees. It’s a long list, and these closing costs are typically 3% to 6% of the loan amount.

Moving Costs

Moving costs aren’t insignificant: A basic local move may cost you $800 to $2,500, and a long-distance move can ring in at $2,200 to $5,700. It can be wise to get a couple of quotes from well-reviewed moving companies as you go into house-hunting mode so you can budget appropriately.

One easy way to cut down on moving costs is to DIY the entire process, from finding free moving boxes from friends, family, and grocery stores to loading and driving your stuff across town in a friend’s truck. It’s safe to say that even the most frugal moving strategy, however, will likely incur some costs.

Repairs and Decor

It may be difficult to estimate these costs before you have an accepted offer on a home, but it is good to keep in mind how much renovations, repairs, and decorating could cost.

If you’re moving to a larger space, will you need an extra bedroom set? Are you thinking the backyard is perfect for a fire pit, or even a pool? If you are considering a fixer-upper, repairs or upgrades could be tens of thousands of dollars or more.

One bit of good news here is that you may not have to fork over the cash in order to pay for renovations. The FHA offers 203k rehab loans to homebuyers. Eligible improvements include structural repairs, elimination of health or safety hazards, modernization, adding or replacing roofing and you can also add loan fees and mortgage payments during renovation up to the maximum loan amount.

In addition, considering a fixer-upper could be a more affordable way into the housing market. The property might be available for less than market value due to needed work, and any sweat equity you put into the house could equal larger returns down the road.

That said, keep in mind that not all properties are eligible for financing due to structural or other issues and the costs of home repairs can add up quickly, so it’s essential to do your research in advance.

Additional Costs

In addition, you need to account for such other costs as:

•  Property taxes

•  Private mortgage insurance (PMI)

•  Any HOA fees

•  Home maintenance costs (lawn care, HVAC checkups, pest control, and the like)

•  Utilities (heating a house can be pricier than a small apartment).

Invest in Your Future

As you take steps forward to afford a home, you can choose to invest your money in ways that can help you either get to closing day sooner or save even more than you need.

One way to think of investing for a down payment is to compare it to a retirement plan, where a common approach is to save aggressively when you’re younger, then start to transfer your investments into more stable options as you get close to retirement.

Here are some ways you could apply this philosophy to saving for a down payment:

•  If your timeline is under 3 years, consider a conservative portfolio, or maybe a high-yield savings account.

•  If you are looking at 3 to 5 years, consider a conservative or moderately conservative portfolio that could grow your money faster than a cash-based account.

•  If your closing day is 5 to 10 years in the future or more, consider a moderate or moderately aggressive investment portfolio that could yield higher returns in the long run.

While creating a plan can be a smart first step, that doesn’t mean it will go off without a hitch, especially if it’s long-term. You or your partner might change jobs, unexpected medical expenses might pop up, the heating bill could go way up due to a cold winter — life happens.

That’s why it’s important to check in on your budget periodically, see how you’re doing, rebalance your portfolio if needed, and make adjustments to your plan if you’ve gotten off-track from your goal.

The Takeaway

Saving for a house is a big commitment and involves some focus. You’ll need to budget, consider your down payment and other upcoming costs, and also find ways to help your money grow quickly but safely.

When you are ready to buy, see what a SoFi Home Mortgage offers. With low down payments for first-time and other buyers, flexible terms, and a streamlined process, it may be just what you’re looking for.

FAQ

How much money should you save before buying a house?

When buying a house, most people focus on the down payment. Currently, most buyers put down 13%, but mortgages are available with as little as 3% or 0% down, depending on qualifications. In addition, it’s wise to budget for closing costs, home renovation and furnishing costs, as well as having an emergency fund in place.

What is the fastest way to save money for a house?

There are a variety of ways to quickly save money for a house including tracking and reducing your spending, minimizing debt, automating your savings, considering opening a high-yield savings account or investing in the market (depending on your timeline), and bringing in more income via a side hustle.

How do you realistically save for a house?

To afford a home, it can be wise to pay off or lower your debt, minimize your spending, increase your savings, sell stuff you no longer want or need, and bring in extra income through additional work.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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