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Despite what the name might suggest, a homestead exemption isn’t some kind of dusty old prospector or settler law. Many states have these statutes on the books; they are designed to protect a primary residence from creditors in a bankruptcy filing.

If the Smiths file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, how much equity they can protect with an exemption will be one of the factors determining whether they will be able to keep their home.

In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, they won’t lose their home, but they will have to pay creditors an amount equal to the value of the property they can’t protect with an exemption, or their disposable income, whichever is more.
Before declaring bankruptcy, it’s best to consider the alternatives.

This guide will provide an overview of homestead exemptions as applied to bankruptcy, state by state.

What Is Homestead Exemption?

If you’re wondering what a homestead exemption is, it’s a provision in a state’s law that can legally protect a home from creditors in situations such as declaring bankruptcy or enduring the death of a homeowner’s spouse.

In these ways, a homestead exemption can both literally provide you with shelter (a roof over your head) and protection financially, possibly avoiding a situation in which you must lose your residence. That said, this exemption will not prevent foreclosure if a homeowner defaults on their mortgage.

You may be curious about what is the Homestead Act and if it’s the same thing as homestead exemption. They are two different things: The Homestead Act was an 1862 law that granted 160 acres of Western land in the U.S. to anyone who promised to farm it. It was designed to settle the West and drive economic growth.

What States Have a Homestead Exemption?

It’s easier to name the states that don’t have a homestead exemption than those that do since the vast majority of them offer this protection.

Currently, the only states without specific homestead exemptions are New Jersey and Pennsylvania. If you live in one of those states, then you have an idea of where you stand on potential shields with homestead exemptions — although other state and even federal homestead exemption provisions may potentially assist anyone, in any state.

If you live in any of the other 48 states, know that there are many more asterisks to hunt for, depending on your situation and financial plans.

Even if you live in a state that offers homestead exemptions, you may want to find ways to save money on your mortgage. These strategies, such as refinancing a home loan or requesting a new tax assessment, can help you weather financial storms by reducing your monthly payments.

Recommended: Understanding Bankruptcy: Is It Ever the Right Option?

Which State Has the Best Homestead Exemption?

It is true that some states are more favorable than others for seeking the exemption. But no state is literally “best” to homestead in. Many individual factors are worth weighing in your assessment of what — and where — is advantageous.

Before reading the following, an asterisk: Because homestead exemptions are protections for primary residences, you cannot claim an exemption on an investment property or vacation home.

Some states allow bankruptcy filers to use federal bankruptcy exemptions instead of the state exemptions.

The federal homestead exemption amount is calculated every three years. For the period from April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2025, it allows you to protect up to $27,900 of the equity in your home. In cases where you and your spouse file taxes separately, do not live together, maintain separate homesteads, or (according to at least one court) do not have a direct financial connection with each other, each spouse can claim a separate homestead, up to the amount allowed by an individual.

Also, most states allow a “wildcard” exemption, which allows you to protect any kind of property from bankruptcy proceedings. This can be of particular help if one or more of a debtor’s other exemptions falls short of protecting their equity. A wildcard exemption amount can be divided among multiple items.

As of April 1, 2022, the federal wildcard exemption is $1,475, plus up to $13,950 of any part of the federal homestead exemption that has not been used.

Since there’s so much variability in local, regional, and state codes and how they define the homestead exemption, it’s wise to consult local authorities or websites detailing the law’s specifics when you are in a situation that may trigger these laws.

Here’s a rundown of what you might call homestead states that offer some of the strongest protections via exemptions. “Strongest” here is being interpreted as either affordances for high exemptions or greater flexibilities in the law — but other factors, such as cost of living, should also be a consideration:

1. California. California has two systems for the homestead exemption. Under one system, homeowners can exempt up to $600,000 of equity in a house. In the other system, they can exempt up to $31,950 of home equity. Determining what you can access requires research and/or legal counsel.

2. Florida. Under the Florida exemption system “homeowners may exempt an unlimited amount of value in their home or other property covered by the homestead exemption. However, the property cannot be larger than half an acre in a municipality or 160 acres elsewhere.” The exemption can also be claimed by the spouse or children of a deceased owner.

3. Iowa. An unlimited value in one home or a one-unit apartment can be sought in protection. The property must be in a city or town and is limited to one-half acre or 40 acres elsewhere.

4. Kansas. An unlimited amount of value can be sought in protection, but homeowners are limited in the amount of land they can protect. Homeowners can protect up to 1 acre of property if they live within city limits or up to 160 acres of farmland.

5. Minnesota. You can protect up to $450,000 of equity in your home and land or up to $1,125,000 of equity if your land (up to 160 acres) is used for agricultural purposes.

6. Oklahoma. Residents can exempt the entire value of their homes, but the homestead can’t be larger than a half acre if you live in a city, town, or village or up to 160 acres if you live elsewhere. (If you use more than 25% of the total square footage of your property for business, your exemption is limited to $5,000.)

7. Rhode Island. The exemption applies for up to $500,000 of equity.

8. South Dakota. If your home is less than 1 acre in a town or 160 acres in any other type of area, all of your equity is exempt.

9. Texas. For residences on 10 acres or less in a city, town, or village or 100 acres or less in the country, Texas offers an unlimited homestead exemption.

10. Washington. This state’s generous homestead exemption varies depending on the county the homeowner lives in, from $172,900 in Ferry to $729,600 in King County, where Seattle is.

Recommended: Getting Approved for a Personal Loan After Bankruptcy

Homestead Exemptions in Other States

Here’s all the rest of the states and what homestead exemptions they offer:

1. Alabama. The Alabama Department of Revenue indicates that at the state level, homestead exemptions have a maximum value of $16,450. It only applies on land area that is not more than 160 acres.

2. Alaska. Homeowners may exempt up to $72,900 of their home or other property covered by the homestead exemption.

3. Arizona. Homeowners can exempt up to $250,000 for a house and the land it’s on, a cooperative or condominium, a mobile home and the land it’s on, provided the person lives in the dwelling.

4. Arkansas. You can seek an unlimited amount of equity in 80 rural acres or one-quarter of an urban acre.

5. Colorado. Up to $75,000 of equity in a home or other property, such as a mobile home, is protected. The amount increases to $105,000 if the homeowner, spouse, or dependent is disabled or 60 or older.

6. Connecticut. The state of Connecticut protects up to $75,000 of equity in real property, a co-op, or a manufactured home occupied at the time of filing bankruptcy. The exemption rises to $125,000 if a creditor is collecting for hospital costs.

7. Delaware. Exempts up to $125,000 in real property or a manufactured home that was used as a principal residence.

8. Georgia. Homeowners may exempt up to $21,500 of their home or other property covered by the exemption (the amount increases to $43,000 for married filers). They can also apply $10,000 of any unused portion of the exemption to another property they own — a “wildcard” exemption.

9. Hawaii. If you’re the head of a household or over 65, you can exempt up to $30,000 of equity. If you’re not the head of the family, you may protect up to $20,000 of equity in your home.

10. Idaho. A filer can protect up to $175,000 in equity in a home or mobile home.

11. Illinois. Protects up to $15,000 in equity in your home, which includes a farm, mobile home, lot with buildings, condominium, or cooperative.

Recommended: How Often Can You Refinance Your Home?

12. Indiana. A debtor can exempt up to $19,300 in real estate or personal property used as a residence. In addition, if you are married and filing jointly, that figure rises to $38,900.

13. Kentucky. Up to $5,000 of equity can be claimed.

14. Louisiana. Homeowners are allowed to exempt up to $35,000 of home equity, and more if their debts were due to what’s considered a catastrophic or terminal illness or injury.

15. Maine. Up to $80,000 of equity in property used as a residence can be claimed. The amount can be increased to $160,000 in equity if you have a minor dependent residing with you, or if you are 60 or older or disabled.

16. Maryland. Exempts residential property value up to $25,150 (husband and wife may not double).

17. Massachusetts. The state automatically protects up to $125,000 in home equity, and up to $500,000 for those who file and receive the increased exemption (this amount also applies to the elderly or disabled).

18. Michigan. Each homeowner and their dependents can exempt up to $40,475 in a property covered by the homestead exemption. If the homeowner is 65 or older or disabled, the exemption amount increases to $60,725.

19. Mississippi. An exemption of up to $75,000 of equity in the real estate you live in can be claimed, as long as the property is less than 160 acres.

20. Missouri. You can exempt up to $15,000 of equity in the real estate in which you live or will live, and spouses who file a joint bankruptcy can double the exemption.

21. Montana. Up to $350,000 in equity can be protected as applied to up to 320 farm acres, a quarter of a city acre, or one residential acre outside a municipality.

22. Nebraska. Up to $60,000 can be protected on a home, provided the owner is either a head of household, married, or over age 65, and the property does not exceed 160 acres.

Recommended: How Much Does It Cost to Refinance a Mortgage?

23. Nevada. Up to $605,000 in equity in a home can be claimed.

24. New Hampshire. You can protect up to $120,000 in equity.

25. New Mexico. Up to $60,000 of equity in your home can be protected; that increases to $120,000 being available to spouses who co-own property.

26. New York. The homestead exemption amount varies greatly depending on the county. If the property is in the counties of Kings, Queens, New York, Bronx, Richmond, Nassau, Suffolk, Rockland, Westchester, or Putnam, the exemption is $179,950. If the property is in the counties of Dutchess, Albany, Columbia, Orange, Saratoga, or Ulster, the exemption amount is $149,975. For any other county in the state, the exemption amount is $89,975.

27. North Carolina. Homeowners may exempt up to $35,000 of their home or other personal property. Homeowners who are 65 or older whose spouse is deceased may exempt up to $60,000, provided the property was previously owned by the debtor as a tenant by the entirety or as a joint tenant with rights of survivorship.

28. North Dakota. Homeowners can protect up to $100,000 of equity in their home when declaring bankruptcy.

29. Ohio. The state allows for the protection of up to $145,425 of equity as part of the homestead exemption. Spouses who file a joint bankruptcy may double that amount.

30. Oregon. A property owner may be exempt up to $40,000. Married couples, however, may be exempt up to $50,000.

31. South Carolina. The state’s law protects up to $63,250 in equity in a home or real estate used as a residence, with spouses who file a joint bankruptcy being able to double the exemption.

32. Tennessee. Homeowners can exempt up to $5,000 of equity — and that amount goes up to $7,500 for joint owners and $25,000 if there’s at least one minor child who is a dependent. People 62 and older can exempt up to $12,500 of equity in their home—$20,000 if married, and $25,000 if the spouse is also 62 or older.

33. Utah. Homeowners may exempt up to $43,300 to protect their home, provided it is their primary personal residence.

34. Vermont. An exemption up to $125,000 of the equity in a home, condo, or mobile home can be claimed; it can’t be doubled, however, in cases of joint bankruptcy filing.

35. Virginia. This state allows for protection of $5,000 of real estate or personal property as a “wildcard” exemption. That number doubles to $10,000 if the individual is age 65 or older.

36. West Virginia. Homeowners may exempt up to $35,000 of their home or other property. That figure increases to $70,000 if you are married, you and your spouse both own the property, and you file bankruptcy together.

37. Wisconsin. A single person can protect up to $75,000 of equity in a home; spouses can double the amount to $150,000.

38. Wyoming. In this state, up to $20,000 of equity in a home can be shielded from bankruptcy. This can double if you are married, you and your partner own the property together, and you file for bankruptcy jointly.

Still with us? If you don’t see a state listed above, that means it’s one of the two (New Jersey or Pennsylvania) that doesn’t offer any homestead exemptions for use in a bankruptcy filing.

The Takeaway

Homestead exemption rules can help protect your home in instances of a bankruptcy filing and can be very helpful during a difficult time. These guidelines differ greatly by state, but are worth investigating. If you can’t keep your head above financial water, these exemptions may allow you to keep your home.

Refinancing a mortgage may also provide some relief to a struggling homeowner. In addition to offering an array of mortgage loans, SoFi also can help you refinance at competitive rates and with a hassle-free process.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

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In the ever-evolving landscape of real estate, the U.S. foreclosure market often unveils key trends that will shape the future of home ownership. According to property data provider ATTOM , the number of housing units with foreclosure filings in March was 32,878, a drop of less than 1% from the previous month and a 10% decline from the previous year. Rob Barber, CEO of ATTOM, highlights that this ongoing “persistently hot” housing market is likely due to sizable homeowner equity.

Foreclosure starts increased nationwide by 2%, with notable spikes in states like New Hampshire, Illinois, and Florida. Moreover, while there was a 7% increase in bank repossessions from the previous quarter, there’s a notable 20% decline compared to a year ago, indicating some stabilization in the REO (Real Estate Owned) sector. The average time to foreclose showed a slight increase from the previous quarter, but continues a downward trend observed since mid-2020, with states like Louisiana, Hawaii, and New York having longer foreclosure timelines, contrasting with states like Montana, Virginia, and Texas, which boast shorter timelines. Borrowers should stay up to date on their mortgage payments and work closely with their lenders to explore options for assistance if needed.

Read on for the foreclosure rates in March 2024 – plus the five counties, or county equivalents, with the highest rates within those states.

50 State Foreclosure Rates

As previously noted, foreclosure rates saw a negligible drop compared to last month and to last year. Read on for the March foreclosure rates for all 50 states — plus the District of Columbia — beginning with the state that had the lowest rate of foreclosure filings per housing unit.

District of Columbia

Ranking in population between Vermont and Alaska, the country’s second and third least populous states, Washington, D.C. observed 167 foreclosures in March, up about 17% from the previous month. With a total of 350,372 housing units, the foreclosure rate of the nation’s capital was one in every 2,098 households, putting it above the state of Illinois (#1).

50. Vermont

In 49th place for population, the Green Mountain State ranked 50th for its foreclosure rate in March. Of the state’s 335,138 housing units, 11 homes went into foreclosure at a rate of one in every 30,467 households. Only four counties in the state saw foreclosures. They were (from highest to lowest): Rutland, Windsor, Washington, and Chittenden.

49. Montana

Listed as 44th in population, the Treasure State rated 49th again for its foreclosure rate this month. With 24 foreclosures out of 517,430 housing units, Montana’s foreclosure rate was one in every 21,560 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Wheatland, Chouteau, Deer Lodge, Richland, and Carbon.

48. South Dakota

The Mount Rushmore State nabbed the 48th spot once more for its foreclosure rate in March. Having 393,150 total housing units, the fifth-least populous state had a foreclosure rate of one in every 17,870 households with 22 foreclosures. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Aurora, Codington, Minnehaha, Brown, and Meade.

47. West Virginia

Ranked 39th in population, the Mountain State claimed the 47th spot for the second month in a row. It has a total of 859,142 housing units, of which 58 went into foreclosure. This means that the foreclosure rate was one in every 14,813 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Hancock, Tyler, Fayette, Berkeley, and Cabell.

46. Oregon

The 27th most populous state ranked 46th for highest foreclosure rate in March. Of the Pacific Wonderland’s 1,818,599 homes, 124 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 14,666 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Jefferson, Clatsop, Douglas, Clackamas, and Coos.

45. Kansas

The Sunflower State ranked 45th for highest foreclosure rate this month. With 1,278,548 homes and a total of 100 housing units going into foreclosure, the 35th most populous state’s foreclosure rate was one in every 12,785 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Morton, Clark, Logan, Kearny, and Bourbon.

44. Rhode Island

The eighth-least populous state placed 44th for highest foreclosure rate in March. A total of 38 homes went into foreclosure out of 483,053 total housing units, making the foreclosure rate for the Ocean State one in every 12,712 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Kent, Bristol, Washington, Providence, and Newport.

43. New Mexico

The 36th most populous state claimed the 43rd spot for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of the Land of Enchantment’s 943,149 homes, 82 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 11,502 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Chaves, Eddy, Socorro, Lincoln, and Sandoval.

42. Mississippi

Ranked 34th in population, the Magnolia State experienced 121 foreclosures out of 1,324,992 total housing units. This puts the foreclosure rate at one in every 10,950 homes and into the 42nd spot this month. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Grenada, Simpson, Union, Copiah, and Lee.

41. Washington

Sorted as 13th in population, the Evergreen State ranked 41st for its foreclosure rate in March. Of its 3,216,243 housing units, 323 went into foreclosure, making the state’s foreclosure rate one in every 9,957 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Pacific, Lewis, Pierce, Cowlitz, and Grays Harbor.

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40. New Hampshire

The Granite State, and the 41st most populous state in the U.S., ranked 40th for highest foreclosure rate. New Hampshire saw 66 of its 640,335 homes go into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 9,702 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Belknap, Coos, Sullivan, Merrimack, and Carroll.

39. Wisconsin

With 326 foreclosures out of 2,734,511 total housing units, America’s Dairyland and the 20th most populous state secured the 39th spot with a foreclosure rate of one in every 8,388 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Juneau, Iron, Rusk, Taylor, and Trempealeau.

38. Wyoming

The country’s least populous state claimed the 38th spot for highest foreclosure rate this month. With 273,291 housing units, of which 33 went into foreclosure, the Equality State’s foreclosure rate was one in every 8,282 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Carbon, Sweetwater, Campbell, Sublette, and Big Horn.

37. North Dakota

The Peace Garden State’s foreclosure rate was one in every 8,275 homes. This puts the fourth-least populous state — with 372,376 housing units and 45 foreclosures — into 37th place. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Pembina, Hettinger, Kidder, Grant, and Bottineau.

36. Missouri

Coming in at 19th in population, the Show-Me State took the 36th spot for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of its 2,795,030 homes, 348 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 8,032 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Caldwell, Mississippi, Laclede, Dunklin, and Barry.

35. Virginia

With 455 homes going into foreclosure, the 12th most populous state ranked 35th for highest foreclosure rate in March. Having 3,625,285 total housing units, the Old Dominion saw a foreclosure rate of one in every 7,968 households. The counties and independent city with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Franklin City, Lexington City, King And Queen, Dickenson, and Halifax.

34. Alaska

The Last Frontier saw 40 foreclosures this month, making the foreclosure rate one in every 7,938 homes. This caused the third-least populous state, with a total of 317,529 housing units, to claim the 34th spot. The boroughs with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Anchorage, Matanuska-Susitna, Kenai Peninsula, Juneau, and Fairbanks North Star.

33. Nebraska

Ranking 37th in population, the Cornhusker State placed 33rd in March with a foreclosure rate of one in every 7,640 homes. With a total of 848,023 housing units, the state had 111 foreclosure filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Garfield, Nemaha, Scotts Bluff, Webster, and Sherman.

32. Hawaii

The Paradise of the Pacific, and the 40th most populous state, came in 32nd for highest foreclosure rate. Of its 560,873 homes, 80 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 7,011 households. Only four of the five counties in the state saw foreclosures. They were (from highest to lowest): Hawaii, Kauai, Honolulu, and Maui.

31. Tennessee

Ranked 16th in population, the Volunteer State endured 442 foreclosures out of its 3,050,850 housing units. This puts the foreclosure rate at one in every 6,902 households and in 31st place for the second month in a row. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Lake, Hardeman, Houston, Meigs, and Hardin.

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30. Michigan

Ranked 10th in population, the Wolverine State secured the 30th spot with a foreclosure rate of one in every 6,706 homes. With a total of 4,580,447 housing units, the state had 683 foreclosure filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Clare, Shiawassee, Gratiot, St. Joseph, and Jackson.

29. Kentucky

With a total of 1,999,202 housing units, the Bluegrass State saw 301 homes go into foreclosure, thus landing in 29th place in March. This puts the foreclosure rate for the 29th most populous state at one in every 6,642 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Powell, Greenup, Clinton, Bath, and Jefferson.

28. Idaho

Ranked 38th in population, the Gem State received the 28th spot due to its 119 housing units that went into foreclosure this month. With 758,877 total housing units, the state’s foreclosure rate was one in every 6,377 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Custer, Bingham, Bonneville, Caribou, and Bonner.

27. Minnesota

Ranked 22nd for most populous state, the Land of 10,000 Lakes obtained the 27th spot for highest foreclosure rate in March. It has 2,493,956 housing units, of which 396 went into foreclosure, making the state’s foreclosure rate one in every 6,298 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Mille Lacs, Lac Qui Parle, McLeod, Redwood, and Isanti.

26. Colorado

The 21st most populous state ranked 26th for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of the Centennial State’s 2,500,095 housing units, 401 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 6,235 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Phillips, Logan, Pueblo, Morgan, and Elbert.

25. Oklahoma

The Sooners State landed the 25th spot in March. With housing units totaling 1,751,802, the 28th most populous state saw 285 homes go into foreclosure at a rate of one in every 6,147 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Nowata, Caddo, Garfield, Custer, and Murray.

24. Louisiana

Sorted as 25th in population, the Pelican State placed 24th for highest foreclosure rate this month. Louisiana had a foreclosure rate of one in every 5,747 households, with 362 out of 2,080,371 homes going into foreclosure. The parishes with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Richland, Terrebonne, Plaquemines, Iberville, and West Baton Rouge.

23. North Carolina

The ninth-most populous state claimed 23rd place for highest foreclosure rate. Out of 4,739,881 homes, 863 went into foreclosure. This puts the Tar Heel State’s foreclosure rate at one in every 5,492 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Perquimans, Gates, Anson, Northampton, and Vance.

22. Alabama

Listed as 24th in population, the Yellowhammer State came in 22nd for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of its 2,296,920 homes, 428 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 5,367 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Hale, Calhoun, Mobile, Jefferson, and Walker.

21. Arizona

Sorted as 14th in population, the Grand Canyon State withstood 596 foreclosures out of its total 3,097,768 housing units. This puts the foreclosure rate at one in every 5,198 homes and into the 21st spot in March. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Graham, Navajo, Yuma, Pinal, and La Paz.

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20. Arkansas

Listed as the 33rd most populous state, the Land of Opportunity ranked 20th for highest foreclosure rate this month. The state contains 1,371,709 housing units, of which 264 went into foreclosure, making its latest foreclosure rate one in every 5,196 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Prairie, Arkansas, Desha, Hot Spring, and Union.

19. Maine

Ranked 42nd in population, the Pine Tree State placed 19th for highest foreclosure rate in March. With a total of 741,803 housing units, Maine saw 143 foreclosures for a foreclosure rate of one in every 5,187 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Aroostook, Androscoggin, Oxford, Waldo, and Penobscot.

18. Georgia

Ranked eighth in population, the Peach State took the 18th spot for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of its 4,426,780 homes, 910 were foreclosed on. This puts the state’s foreclosure rate at one in every 4,865 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Lanier, Crawford, Henry, Haralson, and Johnson.

17. Utah

The Beehive State placed 17th for highest foreclosure rate in March. Of its 1,162,654 housing units, 245 homes went into foreclosure, making the 17th most populous state’s foreclosure rate one in every 4,746 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Emery, Tooele, Wasatch, Juab, and Washington.

16. Pennsylvania

The Keystone State had the 16th highest foreclosure rate for the second month in a row. The fifth-most populous state saw 1,266 homes out of 5,753,908 total housing units go into foreclosure, making the state’s foreclosure rate one in every 4,545 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Philadelphia, Delaware, Wayne, Fayette, and Bucks.

15. Iowa

The Hawkeye State had the 15th highest foreclosure rate in March. With 325 out of 1,417,064 homes going into foreclosure, the 31st most populous state’s foreclosure rate was one in every 4,360 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Audubon, Keokuk, Monroe, Clinton, and Jasper.

14. Texas

The Lone Star State withstood 2,885 foreclosures this month. With a foreclosure rate of one in every 4,040 households, this puts the second-most populous state in the U.S., with a whopping 11,654,971 housing units, into 14th place. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Liberty, Madison, Atascosa, Jones, and Kaufman.

13. New York

With 2,144 out of a total 8,494,452 housing units going into foreclosure, the Empire State claimed the 13th spot in March. The fourth-most populous state’s foreclosure rate was one in every 3,962 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Orange, Greene, Suffolk, Nassau, and Rensselaer.

12. Massachusetts

The 15th most populous state ranked 12th for highest foreclosure rate this month. Of the Bay State’s 2,999,314 housing units, 775 went into foreclosure, making for a foreclosure rate of one in every 3,870 homes. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Hampden, Plymouth, Worcester, Berkshire, and Essex.

11. California

The country’s most populous state ranked 11th for highest foreclosure rate in March. Of its impressive 14,424,442 housing units, 3,975 went into foreclosure, making the Golden State’s foreclosure rate one in every 3,629 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Lake, Mendocino, Madera, Kern, and Shasta.

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10. Nevada

Ranked 32nd in population, the Silver State took the 10th spot for highest foreclosure rate this month. With one in every 3,181 homes going into foreclosure, and a total of 1,288,357 housing units, the state had 405 foreclosure filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Lyon, White Pine, Clark, Lander, and Nye.

9. Ohio

The Buckeye State placed ninth in March with a foreclosure rate of one in every 3,167 homes. With a sum of 5,251,209 housing units, the seventh-most populous state had a total of 1,658 filings. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Knox, Cuyahoga, Shelby, Preble, and Defiance.

8. Indiana

The 17th largest state by population, the Crossroads of America landed the eighth spot this month with a foreclosure rate of one in every 3,129 homes. Of its 2,931,710 housing units, 937 went into foreclosure. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Scott, Perry, Clinton, Howard, and Sullivan.

7. Maryland

Ranked 18th for most populous state, America in Miniature took seventh place for highest foreclosure rate in March. With a total of 2,531,075 housing units, of which 815 went into foreclosure, the state’s foreclosure rate was one in every 3,106 households. The counties and independent city with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Kent, Dorchester, Prince George’s County, Baltimore City, and Calvert.

6. Delaware

The sixth-least populous state in the country, the Small Wonder nabbed sixth place this month. With one in every 3,051 homes going into foreclosure and a total of 451,556 housing units, the state saw 148 foreclosures filed. Having only three counties in the state, the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Kent, New Castle, and Sussex.

5. South Carolina

The 23rd most populous state had the fifth highest foreclosure rate in March with one in every 2,867 homes going into foreclosure. Of the Palmetto State’s 2,362,253 housing units, 824 were foreclosed on this month. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Fairfield, Hampton, Dorchester, Darlington, and Spartanburg.

4. Florida

The third-most populous state in the country has a total of 9,915,957 housing units, of which 3,568 went into foreclosure. This puts the Sunshine State’s foreclosure rate at one in every 2,779 homes and into fourth place this month. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Hernando, Citrus, Wakulla, Osceola, and Charlotte.

3. New Jersey

With a foreclosure rate of one in every 2,638 homes, the Garden State ranked third for highest foreclosure rate this month. The 11th most populous state contains 3,756,340 housing units, of which 1,424 went into foreclosure. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Cumberland, Warren, Sussex, Salem, and Atlantic.

2. Connecticut

With 587 of its 1,531,332 homes going into foreclosure, the Constitution State had the second highest foreclosure rate at one in every 2,609 households. In this 29th most populous state, the counties that had the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Windham, New Haven, New London, Tolland, and Fairfield.

1. Illinois

The Land of Lincoln had the highest foreclosure rate in all 50 states in March. Of its 5,427,357 homes, 2,130 went into foreclosure, making the sixth-most populous state’s foreclosure rate one in every 2,548 households. The counties with the most foreclosures per housing unit were (from highest to lowest): Gallatin, Jasper, Whiteside, Schuyler, and Massac.

The Takeaway

Of all 50 states, California had the most foreclosure filings (3,975), and Vermont had the least (11). As for the states with the highest foreclosure rates, Illinois, Connecticut, and New Jersey took the top three spots, respectively.

Two regions – the Great Lakes and the Mideast – tied for having the largest presence among the 10 states that ranked the highest for foreclosure rates. The states in the Great Lakes region were (from highest to lowest): Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The states in the Mideast region were (from highest to lowest): New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland.

Four regions – the Far West, Southeast, Plains, and New England – tied for having the largest presence among the 10 states that ranked the lowest for foreclosure rates. The states in the Far West region were (from highest to lowest): Washington and Oregon. The states in the Southeast region were (from highest to lowest): Mississippi and West Virginia. The states in the Plains region were (from highest to lowest): Kansas and South Dakota. Finally, the states in the New England region were (from highest to lowest): Rhode Island and Vermont.

Discover more about home loans at SoFi.

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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It’s not your imagination: Buying a home has gotten more expensive over the last couple of years. In the fall of 2021, the Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price index rose a stunning 18.6% in a single year. Adding to the high cost of homeownership is the fact that home loan rates also soared. In the fall of 2022, the average interest rate on 30-year mortgages was 6.12%, while a year earlier, it was a super low 3.03%. In other words, you’re going to pay a lot more for both a house and the money you borrow to fund the purchase.

These economic fluctuations are among the reasons that many people are contemplating buying a fixer-upper. They hope to find a lower-priced house that they can rehab (or pay someone else to renovate) in order to own a piece of the American Dream for less.

However, though buying a fixer-upper home may seem like an enticingly affordable option, the cost of remodeling it could wind up being more than you’d planned.

Just how much does it cost to fix up a house? Let’s break down the most common costs associated with gutting a house and remodeling, so you can make an informed buying decision. Read on to learn:

•   What’s a fixer-upper?

•   What are the pros vs. cons of buying a fixer-upper?

•   How can you plan to renovate a home?

•   How much will a fixer-upper really cost?

•   How can you fund fixing up a home?

What Is a Fixer-Upper?

What exactly is a fixer-upper? It’s a home that’s in need of significant work. In many cases, these are older houses with much deferred maintenance or simply a lot of dated, well-worn features.

A fixer-upper might be a home from 100 years ago with an insufficient electrical and heating system, as well as a roof in need of replacement. Or it could be an apartment with a very old and dated kitchen and bathrooms. These residences might be livable, but they require an infusion of cash and work to make them comfortable by today’s standards.

Pros and Cons of Buying a Fixer-Upper

Buying a fixer-upper home has upsides and downsides. For some people, a fixer-upper can be a terrific way to enter the ranks of homeownership. For others, it could wind up being a frustrating source of bills and stress.

First, let’s consider the pros of buying a fixer-upper:

•   Lower price. This can make it easier to become a homeowner.

•   Lesser competition. Many home-shoppers may shy away from taking on this kind of project.

•   Control. The ability to renovate a home to suit your taste.

•   Profit. The opportunity to flip, or resell, the home and make money by doing so.

In terms of negatives, consider these points:

•   Money required to renovate. Although you may be able to buy a fixer-upper at a bargain price, you’ll have to come up with funds for the renovation.

•   Going over budget. Often, when renovations get underway, you’ll hit unexpected situations that require more money to properly complete the job.

•   Taking longer than expected. Closely related to the point above about going over budget financially is the fact that remodeling may take longer than anticipated, which can create issues.

•   Living in a construction site. If you occupy the home as work is done, it can be an uncomfortable experience.

Recommended: Things to Budget for After Buying a Home

Decide If This Is Your Home or a Flip

Many times, people looking to buy a fixer-upper home are in it for the short game of a flip. This means they are hoping to purchase a home well under market value, make a few renovations, and then quickly sell the home for a profit. And that’s all good—you just need to decide which camp you’re in.

If you are hoping to flip a house and make some money, know what you are getting into. As mentioned above, renovations can run over budget and take longer than scheduled. If all you are planning on doing to a house is refresh the paint and flooring and stage it beautifully, things may work out fine. But if you get started on structural work and discover a bigger issue than anticipated, it could wreck your budget for reselling the property. That’s why it’s vital to get a thorough home inspection before you buy a fixer-upper. It’s also wise to walk through with a contractor (if you plan on hiring one) before purchase to size up costs; you’ll learn more about the potential price tag of renovations in a minute.

If you’re planning on buying a fixer-upper home and making it your forever home, you might have a longer timeline to make upgrades. You could tackle the kitchen one year; then redo the bathrooms the next. This could be easier on your budget, but it might mean living amid construction for a while.

And, of course, you don’t get the potential cash infusion by selling the home at a profit, which is the goal of many people who are searching for a fixer-upper. You do get a lovingly restored home to call your own, quite likely at a good price, which can be an excellent reward.

Recommended: How Much House Can I Afford Based on My Income?

Do Your Homework Before You Buy

It’s crucial to add up all the costs of potential renovations before you buy a fixer-upper house. You don’t want the dream of wanting your own home to cloud your judgment about the work that’s needed. If you don’t do a deep dive on pricing before you buy, you may end up in your own version of “The Money Pit” movie.

Consider the following:

•   Assess the upfront cost of the home and add up all potential material and labor needs — think both big and small, like plumbers, electricians, carpenters, all the way down to any new doorknobs you’ll buy along the way. Then, subtract that from the home’s renovated market value. Would this still be a profitable venture?

•   Keep in mind that inflation is currently running high so prices could get higher than what you believe they will cost during the time you are renovating.

•   It’s important to allow room in your budget and your timeline for overages. It’s not uncommon for home renovations to cost more and take longer than anticipated. It’s wise to have at least 3% to 5% extra in your budget (if not more) to cover additional costs, and wiggle room in your timing, too.

Recommended: How Do Home Improvement Loans Work?

Preparing to Invest in Home Renovations

Each home renovation is unique. If you buy a fixer-upper house, the price of rehabbing it can vary tremendously. One house might need new appliances, the walls painted, and the floors sanded. Another might need a new roof and a cracked foundation fixed…plus an electrical upgrade. The size of the home, its age, its location, and condition will all impact how much you’ll need to spend.

But, to give you a ballpark on costs, here are some statistics from Angi, the home renovation and repair site:

•   Renovating a three-bedroom home can cost between $20,000 and $100,000 on average.

•   Renovation costs are typically between $15 and $60 per square foot overall.

•   Remodeling a kitchen or bathroom can cost $100 to $250 per square foot.

•   A kitchen renovation costs $25,000 on average, and a bathroom remodel runs $10,000, but costs can run significantly higher depending on choice of materials, fixtures, and the like. renovation will be different, Realtor.com provides a general cost breakdown for different remodel hypotheticals.

Keep in mind that pricing may be higher if you live in or near a major city, as well.

Recommended: 6 Tips for Doing Home Addition Projects the Right Way

Common Fixer Upper Project Costs

Kitchen Remodels

According to HomeAdvisor’s 2022 data, the average cost of a kitchen remodel currently sits at $25,000, but costs can range from $5,000 to $65,000 or more.

The three elements that contribute most to cost are the countertops, cabinets, and flooring. The more you lean into custom and luxury options, the higher the price will go.

Bathroom Renovation

The average bathroom renovation ranges from $3,000 for small cosmetic updates to $30,000 for a complete gut do-over, with the average price tag coming in at $11,000. A big expense is moving the plumbing lines. If you can keep the layout as-is, you’ll save up to 50%.

Roof Installation

A roof should typically last two to three decades on a home — or longer if you choose the right material. The average cost for replacing a roof is about $8,000, but that will vary with the size of the home and the material you choose.

For instance, if you opt for a premium product, like slate, you’ll find that the average costs for a 3,000-square-foot roof can be $30,000.

Recommended: How to Buy Homeowners Insurance

How to Handle the Cost of a Fixer Upper

These numbers can seem overwhelming, but remember, you’re bringing out your home’s maximum potential, whether for you to enjoy or to capitalize on via a future sale.

You have a few options for how to finance the renovation of a fixer-upper:

•   You could put less money down and take out a larger mortgage. This would allow you to have some cash on hand to pay for the remodeling.

•   You can buy the house and then take out a home improvement loan, which is a kind of personal loan used to finance your home projects.

•   You could purchase the fixer-upper and then apply for a home equity line of credit, or HELOC. These are revolving lines of credit that may offer attractive terms (low interest, long repayment) but keep in mind you are using your home’s equity as collateral. You typically need 15% to 20% equity in your home to qualify.

•   Another option that’s similar to a HELOC is a home equity loan. The difference is that a home equity loan typically distributes a sum of money, which is repaid in installments over a period of time.

The Takeaway

A fixer-upper can be a good investment for some home shoppers, whether they want to renovate the home and live in it or sell it at a profit. However, it’s important to evaluate your costs up front, before signing a contract, to make sure you don’t wind up with a money pit and can make your renovation dreams come true.

One thing that can help you afford your fix-it-up plans is a SoFi home improvement loan. What’s more, these are unsecured loans, meaning you’re not required to put up collateral against the loan. And with fixed monthly payments, you can better plan for the road ahead. Now, all you need is a hammer and you’re ready to go.

Thinking about renovating a fixer-upper? SoFi personal loans can help you turn your new purchase into a dream home.

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SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Whether you’ve just moved into a new home or want to breathe new life into your current one, refacing cabinets in your kitchen could really transform the space.

Cabinet refacing involves changing the cabinet exterior surfaces only, and can cost significantly less than a full cabinet replacement. How much will it set you back? The cost to reface kitchen or bathroom cabinets ranges from roughly $4,000 to $10,000, with the national average coming in at around $7,000.

Read on to learn what factors affect refacing costs, how to keep a cabinet makeover project within your budget, and how to get started.

Average Cost of Cabinet Refacing

Cabinet refacing allows you to give your kitchen a refresh at a significantly lower price tag than a full kitchen remodel. The exact cost will depend on the materials you choose, the size of the room, labor costs, and where you live. However, the cost typically runs between $4,273 and $10,056, or an average of $7,158.

If you have a small kitchen, DIY the project, and choose budget-friendly materials, you could spend a lot less than the average cabinet refacing cost. On the other hand, if you have a large kitchen, hire a contractor, and go with top-of-the-line materials, you could spend significantly more.

Recommended: 20 Small Kitchen Remodel Ideas & Designs

Cabinet Makeover Costs by Budget

The good news is that you can give your cabinets a refresh on virtually any budget. Here’s a look at what you can accomplish at different price points.

Budget: Under $1,000
If you’re looking to spend less than $1,000, you can likely reface the cabinets in a small kitchen yourself using laminate veneers. However, you may need to keep the original hardware.

Budget: $1,000 to $5,000
With more wiggle room in your budget, you may be able to hire a contractor to reface your cabinets using laminate or wood veneer, and also replace the hardware. However, you may not be able to add accessories like a built-in wine rack or under-cabinet lighting.

Budget: $5,000 to $10,000
With this budget, you can likely hire a contractor to install high-end wood veneer and hardware, plus add cabinet accessories, even for a large kitchen. With a smaller space, you may be able to reface your cabinets with solid wood.

Budget: $10,000 to $15,000
If you can spend $10,000-plus on the project, you should be able to hire a contractor to install new solid wood doors and drawer fronts, choose luxurious hardware, and add fancy accessories. You might also be able to add a couple of custom cabinets to match your newly upgraded cabinets.

Recommended: 9 Ways to Keep Inflation From Ruining Your Kitchen Reno Budget

Reasons to Reface

Refacing old cabinets can give your kitchen an updated look for 30% to 50% less than a full cabinet replacement. This makes it an appealing option for homeowners looking to do a kitchen renovation on a budget. What’s more, there are a wide range of resurfacing options to choose from, so you can likely find a look that fits your kitchen design vision. The process is also faster and more environmentally friendly than a remodel.

Keep in mind, however, that refacing might not be the best option if the existing cabinets are damaged or you need a better kitchen layout. While refacing can make your kitchen look and feel brand new, it won’t change its layout or functionality.

Standard Options for Refacing

When you reface cabinets, there are four common types of finishes you can choose from. Here’s a look at each option.

Plastic Laminates

You can also reface cabinets with plastic laminate. The laminate is cut to size and applied to the cabinet boxes and doors using a special adhesive. This is one of most budget-friendly refacing options, ringing in between $1,000 and $3,000. However, plastic laminate is not as resistant to chipping and cracking as other refacing materials.

Wood Veneer

Wood veneers give you the look of wood cabinets without the high cost. They come in thin sheets designed to mimic standard species of wood, such as oak, cherry, maple, and ash, and run between $2,500 and $6,000. While wood veneer is stronger than laminate, it’s not as durable as real wood.

Rigid Thermofoil (RTF)

Rigid thermofoil laminate is another budget-friendly refacing choice. It’s made of plastic (Formica or melamine) but looks like wood and requires little care. Just keep in mind that the melamine version of RTF is not recommended for hot or humid environments. Refacing with RTS can run roughly $1,000 to $3,000.

Solid Wood

Solid wood refacing material is the priciest option but also the longest-lasting and easiest to repair. A solid wood refacing project can run anywhere from $5,000 to $10,000. However, the cabinets will look high-end and the doors and drawers will be extremely durable.

Other Factors that Affect the Cost of Refacing

When coming up with your budget for a cabinet makeover, there are some other costs and upgrades you may want to factor in. Here’s a look at add-ons that can level up your kitchen refresh.

•   Hardware replacements Replacing all the hardware on your cabinets can cost anywhere from $100 and $1,000, depending on the material and style.

•   Crown molding Depending on the materials used and the labor involved, installing crown molding can run around $700 to $2,100.

•   Under-cabinet lighting Having strip, built-in, or puck lights installed under your cabinets can run $200 to $300 per light. If your budget is tight, you can get peel-and-stick lights for as little as $20 to $30.

•   Glass If you want to add glass inserts to some, or all, of your kitchen cabinets, plan on spending an extra $100 to $300 per linear foot of glass you add.

•   Handy accessories If you’re interested in adding some extras, such as a built-in spice rack, built-in wine rack, pull-out trash can, or a lazy Susan, you’ll need to add some additional funds to your refacing budget.

Getting Started

If you are ready to move forward with refacing, it can be a good idea to shop around and get estimates from at least three contractors.

As you interview potential installers, be sure to ask about their experience with cabinet refacing and if they’re insured and licensed. You may also want to ask the following questions:

•   What kind of refacing material do you recommend for this area?

•   How long will this project take?

•   Can I use my cabinets as soon as you’re done?

•   How long will the refacing last?

•   Do you make any changes to the interior of the cabinets?

•   Does the estimate include handles and drawer pulls?

•   Will you remove the doors and drawers to work on them at your shop or do all the work at my home?

•   Can you use hardware that I’ve already purchased?

•   Can you add features like crown molding, under-the-cabinet lighting, or glass inserts?

•   Do you offer a warranty, and if so, what does it include?

Recommended: 10 Steps for the Perfect Bathroom Remodel

Financing Your Home Improvement

While a cabinet makeover can give your kitchen a face-lift for an affordable price, you’ll still need to come up with a significant sum of cash to cover the cost of materials and labor. If you’re eager to get going but don’t have enough money on hand, you may be able to finance the project using a home improvement loan.

A home improvement loan is essentially a personal loan designed to be used to pay for home upgrades and renovations. Available through banks, online lenders, and credit unions, these loans are typically unsecured (meaning your home isn’t used as collateral to secure the loan). You also don’t need to have any equity built up in your home to be approved. Instead, the lender decides how much to lend to you and at what rate based on your financial credentials, such as your credit score, income, and how much other debt you have.

Once approved, you receive a lump sum of cash up front you can then use to cover the cost of refacing your cabinets. You repay the loan (plus interest) in regular installments over the term of the loan, which can range from five to seven years.

If you think a personal loan might work well for your cabinet makeover project, SoFi could help. SoFi’s home improvement loans offer competitive, fixed rates and a variety of terms. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

See if a home improvement loan from SoFi is right for you.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Conventional loans — mortgages that are not insured by the federal government — are the most popular type of mortgage and offer affordability to homebuyers.

Private mortgage lenders originate and fund conventional loans, which are then often bought by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, publicly traded companies that are run under a congressional charter.

By buying and selling these mortgages, Fannie and Freddie help to ensure a reliable flow of mortgage funding.

Requirements for Conventional Loans

It can be confusing to know how to qualify for a mortgage.

Just realize, for one thing, that a higher credit score is usually required for a conventional home loan than an FHA loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration, a type popular among first-time buyers.

Here are factors a lender will consider when sizing you up for a conventional loan.

Your Credit Score

You’ll usually need a FICO credit score of at least 620 for a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage.

The FICO score range of 300 to 850 is carved into these categories:

•   Exceptional: 800 to 850

•   Very Good: 740 to 799

•   Good: 670 to 739

•   Fair: 580 to 669

•   Poor: 300 to 579

In general, the higher your credit score, the better the interest rates you’re offered.

Down Payment

Putting 20% down is desirable because it means you can avoid paying PMI, or private mortgage insurance, which covers the lender in case of loan default.

But many buyers don’t put 20% down. The median down payment on a home is 15%, according to a recent study by the National Association of Realtors®.

Conventional loans require as little as 3% down for first-time homebuyers, and the down payment can be funded by a gift from a close relative; a spouse, fiancé or domestic partner; a buyer’s employer or church; or a nonprofit or public agency. The gift may require a gift letter for the mortgage.

Just keep in mind that the smaller the down payment, the higher your monthly payments are likely to be, and PMI may come along for the ride until you reach 20% equity.

Debt-to-Income Ratio

Your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) helps a lender understand your ongoing monthly debt obligations relative to your gross monthly income.

To calculate back-end DTI:

1.    Add up your monthly bills (but do not include groceries, utilities, cellphone bill, car insurance, and health insurance).

2.    Divide the total by your pretax monthly income.

3.    Multiply by 100 to convert the number to a percentage.

In general, lenders like to see a DTI ratio of 36% but will accept 43%.

The Fannie Mae HomeReady® loan, for lower-income borrowers, may allow a DTI ratio of up to 50%.

In any case, the lower your DTI ratio, the more likely you are to qualify for a mortgage and possibly better terms.

Loan-to-Value Ratio

The loan-to-value ratio (LTV) is the amount of the mortgage you are applying for compared with the home value. The higher the down payment, the lower the LTV ratio.

Fannie Mae typically sets LTV limits at 97% for a fixed-rate mortgage for a principal residence (think: 3% down) and 85% for a fixed or adjustable loan for a one-unit investment property.

When LTV exceeds 80% on a conforming loan, PMI will likely apply, although some borrowers employ a piggyback loan to avoid mortgage insurance.

Conventional Conforming Loan Limits

Many loans are both conventional and conforming — meaning they meet the guidelines of secondary mortgage market powerhouses Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which buy such mortgages and often package them into securities for investors.

Conventional conforming loans fall below limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) every year.
Staying under a conforming loan limit often equates to a lower-cost mortgage because the loan can be acquired by Fannie and Freddie.

The conforming loan limits for 2025 in many counties in the contiguous states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico rose with market prices:

•   One unit: $806,500

•   Two units: $981,500

•   Three units: $1,186,350

•   Four units: $1,474,400

In high-cost areas like Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the 2025 conforming loan limits are:

•   One unit: $1,209,750

•   Two units: $1,472,250

•   Three units: $1,779,525

•   Four units: $2,211,600

If you’re curious about your county’s specific conforming loan limits are, you can check out this FHFA guide.

Nonconforming Loans

Word games, anyone? Nonconforming loans are simply mortgages that do not meet Fannie and Freddie standards for purchase. They usually take the form of jumbo loans and government-backed loans.

A homebuyer or refinancer who needs a mortgage beyond the FHFA limits can seek a jumbo mortgage loan. A jumbo loan is still a conventional loan if it’s not backed by a government agency; it’s just considered a “nonconforming” loan.

FHA, VA, and USDA mortgages — those backed by the Federal Housing Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture — are also nonconforming loans.

Nonconforming mortgage rates for jumbo loans may be higher because the loans carry greater risk for lenders, but when the nonconforming loan is backed by the government, its rate might skew lower than conventional conforming rates.

The Takeaway

Conventional loan requirements are good to know when you’re looking at the most popular type of mortgage around. Would-be homebuyers will want to make sure their credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment numbers are lined up as favorably as possible before pursuing their dream property.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Are there any drawbacks to a conventional loan?

The main drawback to a conventional loan is that you will need to make some type of down payment on the property. It doesn’t need to be the 20% down payment that was common in decades past. But even a low down payment of, say, 3.5% could add up to tens of thousands of dollars given today’s home prices.

What’s the main reason I might not qualify for a conventional loan?

The most common reason someone might not qualify for a conventional home loan is usually related to credit — perhaps the applicant has a credit score below 620, or maybe there is some other significant warning sign on the credit report, such as a history of delinquencies or bankruptcy.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
^†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

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