Nov
29
2024

Guide to Rolling Over a Pension Into an IRA

By | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Guide to Rolling Over a Pension Into an IRA

If you have a defined-benefit pension plan, you could opt for a lump-sum distribution when you retire or roll the money over to an individual retirement account (IRA). Rolling pension benefits to an IRA is something you might consider if you don’t necessarily need the money right away for retirement and you want to maintain those funds on a tax-advantaged basis.

Rolling a pension into an IRA isn’t a complicated process, though it’s important to understand how it works to avoid triggering an unexpected tax bill.

Key Points

•   A traditional pension plan is offered and funded by employers, while an IRA is generally opened and funded by an individual.

•   Rolling a pension over to an IRA involves opening an IRA, requesting a rollover, and choosing investment options, with direct rollovers typically being the simplest method.

•   Rolling a pension into a Roth IRA may help individuals avoid required minimum distributions (RMDs).

•   Rolling over a pension into an IRA may allow for more investment control and flexibility, but it’s important to understand investment risks.

•   Understanding the implications of a rollover as well as tax differences between pensions and IRAs is crucial for making informed rollover decisions.

What Is a Pension Plan?

A pension plan is a type of benefit plan that employers can establish on behalf of their employees. Traditional pension plans are defined benefit plans that provide employees with retirement income based on their earnings, years of service, or a combination of the two. These plans are funded by the employer and may provide retiring employees with a lump-sum distribution or annuitized payments.

Defined benefit pension plans, along with defined contribution plans, are protected under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Defined contribution plans are funded by employee contributions, with the option for employer matching. The most common example of a defined contribution plan is a 401(k).

What Is an IRA?

If you don’t know what an IRA is, it’s an Individual Retirement Arrangement, also referred to as an Individual Retirement Account. In simpler terms, an IRA is a tax-advantaged retirement savings account that is not offered through an employer. You can typically open an IRA at a brokerage or a bank and make contributions up to the annual limit.

Note, too, that IRAs are subject to required minimum distribution rules (RMDs), which means that owners must start making withdrawals from IRAs at age 73.

There are two main types of IRAs:

•   Traditional IRAs, which allow for tax-deductible contributions and tax-qualified withdrawals as ordinary income.

•   Roth IRAs, which do not offer a tax deduction for contributions but do allow for tax-free qualified distributions.

You must have taxable income to save in either type of plan. Your ability to contribute to a Roth IRA is determined by your tax filing status and adjusted gross income. There are also IRA tax deduction rules that determine how much of your traditional IRA contributions you can write off.

The maximum annual contribution for either type of IRA is $7,000 for 2024 and 2025. Both plans allow for catch-up contributions of $1,000 if you’re age 50 or older. Each type of IRA also allows you to roll funds into your account from another eligible retirement plan.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Can You Roll Over a Pension Into an IRA?

A rollover occurs when you withdraw funds from one eligible retirement plan and redeposit them to another eligible plan. The IRS allows you to roll funds from qualified plans, which includes defined benefit plans, into an IRA. Technically, if you have a pension plan that’s classified as a defined benefit plan, you could roll funds from it to any of the following:

•   Traditional IRA

•   Roth IRA

•   SIMPLE IRA

•   SEP IRA

•   457(b) plan

•   403(b) plan

•   Designated Roth 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b)

The IRS allows for full or partial rollovers, though whether you’d be required to withdraw all of the money in your pension for a rollover may depend on the terms of the plan.

Rolling over pension funds may potentially help you to avoid tax penalties while preserving your savings so that it can continue to grow through the power of compounding returns. But it’s also important to remember that there can be increased risks of rolling pension funds into an IRA. It may be a good idea to parse through those risks, in your specific situation, with a financial advisor or professional.

Reasons You May Want to Roll Over a Pension

There are different scenarios where a rollover pension, and specifically a rollover to an IRA, could make sense. It’s a good idea to consider both your current financial situation and the timing when deciding whether to roll a pension into an IRA.

Reason #1: You Want More Control Over Your Investments

Rolling a pension to an IRA may offer more flexibility when it comes to how the money is invested. With an IRA, you might have a broader range of mutual funds, index funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) to choose from. That could make it easier to build a diversified portfolio that aligns with your goals.

Reason #2: You’d Like to Avoid RMDs

As noted, most retirement plans are subject to required minimum distribution (RMD) rules. These rules require you to take a minimum amount from your retirement account each year, starting at age 73 (if you turn 72 after December 31, 2022). Rolling a pension over to a Roth IRA, however, would allow you to avoid RMDs and draw down your retirement assets at your own pace. Note that pensions are typically rolled over into traditional IRAs, so this may require utilizing a “backdoor Roth IRA” strategy.

Reason #3: Your Pension Is Small

Rolling a pension to a Roth IRA can trigger tax consequences, as you’ll need to pay income tax on the earnings at the time the rollover is completed. However, you might choose to go ahead with a pension rollover to a Roth account if the balance is small and your tax liability would not be that great.

Reason #4: You’re Worried About Losing Benefits

Though it’s not a common occurrence, there have been instances of employees losing pension benefits as a result of their employer filing bankruptcy or encountering other financial issues. If you’re concerned about seeing your pension go up in smoke, rolling it over to an IRA could eliminate that risk. You would, however, still be subject to the risk that always accompanies investing money.

Reason #5: You Want Convenient Access

Certain pension plans may allow for loans, though loans are more commonly associated with 401(k) plans. There may be some rules for private pensions around withdrawals, which may prevent you from making a withdrawal – it’ll depend on the specific pension.

But if you’d like to be able to withdraw money from retirement for emergencies or other purposes, an IRA could potentially allow you to do that more easily, or in a more straightforward manner. Keep in mind, however, that withdrawing money from an IRA before age 59 ½ may trigger a 10% tax penalty unless an exception or exclusion applies.

How Do You Roll a Pension Into an IRA?

Rolling a pension into an IRA typically isn’t difficult. There are only a few steps required to complete the process.

•   Open an IRA. If you don’t have an IRA, you’ll need to open one – you can even open an IRA online.

•   Request the rollover. Once your IRA is open, you can ask your pension plan administrator what’s required to initiate a rollover transaction. The simplest option is to request a direct rollover, which would allow funds to be transferred from your pension to your IRA without having to get a paper check and deposit it yourself.

•   Choose your investment options. Once your pension funds have been rolled over to your IRA, you can decide how you’d like to invest it. You may also want to update your IRA beneficiary if you haven’t selected one.

If you can’t choose a direct rollover, or you’d rather roll over the funds yourself, you’d have to ask your plan administrator to send you a paper check for the amount you’re withdrawing. You’d then need to deposit the funds to your IRA within 60 days from the date you receive it. If you fail to do so, the entire amount becomes a taxable distribution.

Also know that there may be a mandatory income tax withholding of 20%. THough that generally doesn’t apply in a direct rollover to an IRA.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Pros and Cons of Rolling a Pension Into an IRA

Rolling a pension into an IRA or Roth IRA has some advantages and disadvantages, and it’s important to weigh both before making a decision.

On the pro side, a pension rollover to an IRA may give you greater control of how your retirement money is invested. You can make changes to your investments as needed. That assumes, however, that you’re comfortable with making your own investment decisions and with the risk that’s involved.

The pros and cons of rolling into an IRA will depend on the type of IRA you’re rolling funds into. For instance, pension rollovers to a Roth IRA could help you avoid RMD rules, and may allow for tax-free withdrawals, though again, there would be tax consequences at the time you roll the funds over. Additionally, you may face tax penalties if you roll money over to a Roth, then make a withdrawal prior to age 59 ½. Again, it may be helpful to discuss your specific options, and your specific situation, with a financial advisor to get an idea of what the best course of action is.

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Pros:

•   Rolling a pension into an IRA may offer greater flexibility and freedom when making investment choices.

•   Rolling a pension to a Roth IRA allows you to avoid RMDs.

•   A direct rollover is fairly simple to complete and doesn’t require a lot of effort on your part.

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Cons:

•   Making a change to your investments could increase your risk exposure if you’re not sure what you’re doing.

•   You’ll may need to pay income tax on your pension when rolling it into a Roth IRA (but not a traditional IRA).

•   Rolling pension funds to an IRA yourself could result in a sizable tax penalty if you don’t deposit the money on time.

Taxes on Pensions vs. IRAs

One of the most common questions about IRAs and pensions centers on taxes. Specifically, how much tax will you pay on pension or IRA distributions?

The answer can depend on which tax bracket you’re in when you take distributions and in the case of an IRA, whether you have a traditional or Roth account. Where you live can also play a part as there are a handful of states that don’t tax pensions.

If you’re receiving annuitized or periodic payments from a pension, then those distributions would be taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. The same rate would apply if you’re taking your pension in a lump sum, though you’d owe taxes on the entire amount all at once.

Taxable rollover distributions from employer-sponsored pension plans may also be subject to 20% withholding at the time the money is rolled over. That withholding may not apply in a direct rollover, however, if the rollover involves sending funds to another eligible retirement plan, such as an IRA. Any amounts that are withdrawn but not rolled over to an IRA may be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty if you’re under age 59 ½.

With a traditional IRA, you’ll pay ordinary income tax on distributions beginning at age 59 ½. Distributions taken before 59 ½ may incur a 10% early withdrawal penalty. Qualified withdrawals from a Roth IRA, and withdrawals of original contributions, are tax-free. Understanding what your tax picture might look like if you keep your money in a pension vs. rolling it to an IRA can help you decide if it’s the right option.

The Takeaway

Saving for retirement early and often can help you build financial security for the future. If you don’t have a pension plan or you have a retirement plan at work and you want to supplement your savings, you might consider opening an IRA.

SoFi offers both traditional and Roth IRAs and it’s easy to open one online. You can choose from automated or self-directed investing to build your portfolio. If you need help getting your retirement plan started, you can get a consultation at no additional cost with a financial professional as a perk of being a SoFi member.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can I roll my pension into an IRA?

Yes, you can roll a pension into an IRA. You might choose a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA rollover, depending on the amount you need to move and your expected tax situation in retirement. Keep in mind that you’ll need to pay taxes on a Roth IRA rollover at the time that you complete it.

Is a pension better than an IRA?

A pension can be attractive, since it’s funded by the employer and you don’t have to contribute any money to it yourself. On the other hand, an IRA can allow for more flexibility and you may be able to gain certain tax benefits from rolling your pension to a Roth IRA, such as avoiding required minimum distributions.

How much of your pension can you roll over to an IRA?

You can initiate a partial or full rollover of your pension money to a traditional or Roth IRA. If you’re considering a partial rollover, it’s helpful to understand what that might mean from a tax perspective and how you’ll be able to withdraw the amount that you don’t rollover.

Photo credit: iStock/Andrii Zastrozhnov

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Nov
27
2024
9 ESG Metrics Investors Should Know

9 ESG Metrics Investors Should Know

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on 9 ESG Metrics Investors Should Know

A number of investors are choosing to invest in securities with an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) focus that may align with their values and investment goals. Many see ESG companies as being potentially more sustainable long-term. But determining whether a company’s ESG strategies are having the desired impact requires the use of ESG metrics to measure progress and enable accountability.

In addition, these days many investors also want to know how well companies are managing the risks associated with climate-related changes — which also requires metrics that can show whether a company is meeting key standards.

These concerns aren’t new, but they have driven a number of new ESG-focused regulatory efforts here and abroad. As yet, however, there isn’t a universal set of ESG metrics used by all investors or financial firms to evaluate a company’s progress toward ESG goals, or better manage ESG risks. What’s more, the regulatory landscape in this sector is evolving, which, for the near future, may make it challenging to track certain metrics over time. That said, there are a number of frameworks that companies and governments have embraced that can inform investors’ choices.

Key Points

•   With the growing appeal of ESG strategies, there is also a need for reliable ways to assess companies’ ESG performance and risk mitigation.

•   ESG metrics are necessary for accurate company disclosures, which also support transparency and accountability.

•   The use of ESG metrics and disclosures can also help investors compare companies within and across industries.

•   A number of organizations are establishing mandatory standards and/or compliance rules, although some are in flux or facing legal opposition.

•   At the moment, companies can choose from a range of ESG frameworks and standards.

What Is ESG Investing?

ESG stands for environmental, social, and governance standards that can help people assess whether companies are meeting certain criteria, as well as whether they are mitigating ESG-related risk factors that may impact performance.

•   Environmental factors capture how well a company safeguards the physical environment (e.g., reducing emissions, pollutants).

•   Social criteria refer to employee safety, fair labor practices, community investment, relationships with customers and vendors.

•   Governance factors include issues of leadership, fraud prevention, transparency in accounting and reporting, and more.

ESG investing began in the 1970s, broadly speaking, although impact investing in various forms has been around for centuries.

At first, investing with the aim of creating positive change for society and the planet seemed anchored in a kind of “do-goodism” and less focused on financial outcomes. In the last 20 or 30 years, though, investors have become interested in socially responsible investing (SRI), as many funds in this category have shown themselves to offer returns that are comparable to traditional strategies, according to a report published in 2023 by Morningstar, a fund rating and research firm.

ESG Metrics Are Key to ESG Reporting

Thus, with the growing appeal of ESG investments to some investors, there is a commensurate need for reliable ways to assess companies’ ESG performance when choosing to invest online or through a traditional brokerage.

ESG frameworks help companies, as well as investors, assess an organization’s stated aims in terms of meeting ESG standards. In theory, relying on a common set of metrics should help encourage more efficient and transparent ESG reporting.

•   ESG metrics establish a layer of transparency and accountability.

•   Reliable ESG reporting helps build trust and a positive image with investors, communities, and other stakeholders.

•   In addition, companies that adhere to ESG standards may be able to demonstrate better risk management.

Recommended: Beginner’s Guide to Sustainable Investing

What Are ESG Metrics?

Until now, ESG metrics and reporting standards have been largely proprietary or voluntary. But owing to widespread concerns about climate change and climate-related risk factors, thousands of companies around the world have adopted voluntary frameworks and metrics in recent years.

There are thousands of metrics in use, many are specific to certain industries. Common ESG metrics typically assess how well an organization is limiting pollutants and emissions, meeting renewable energy targets, upholding fair labor standards, adhering to transparency in accounting, corporate board selection, and more.

The Use of ESG Frameworks

Companies may be required to use certain metrics in their reporting and disclosures. Here too there is considerable variation.

For example, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), which has a voluntary governance structure, is a nonprofit organization that was established in 1999 to create a set of guidelines that help companies and governments disclose their efforts in light of climate change, human rights, and corruption.

More than three-quarters (78%) of the world’s largest corporations have adopted the GRI standards, making it the most common ESG framework at the moment.

In addition, there has been a rise in the number of organizations that are establishing mandatory standards and/or compliance rules that require standardized reporting and verifiable metrics regarding ESG performance.

For example, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) began rolling out mandatory ESG reporting rules in January of 2024 in the European Union. The CSRD compliance rules impact non-E.U. companies, as well, about a third of which are based in the United States.

Similarly, some financial institutions have created screener tools that investors can use to evaluate certain securities, but these are typically proprietary and cannot be used to evaluate investments at a different institution.

SEC Climate-Disclosure Rules on Hold

Another widely watched set of reporting requirements was led by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) over the last few years. The SEC adopted new rules in March of 2024, which established a higher bar for companies and required them to disclose ESG-related operational risks and expenses, as well as efforts to meet sustainability targets: e.g., emissions reduction.

But those rules were quickly challenged and remain on hold at the time of publication. Likewise, similar efforts in states like California and elsewhere have been stalled.

Recommended: The Growth of Socially Responsible Investing

The Importance of ESG Metrics

Although the landscape of ESG frameworks and reporting standards is still evolving, and is largely in flux, ESG metrics are important because they help investors to gauge a firm’s impact on environmental issues, societal issues, and issues of corporate responsibility against a set of comparable peers.

Since many investors who are interested in ESG strategies are also committed to making an impact with their money, being able to benchmark outcomes is important.

The Limitations of ESG Metrics

However, it can be difficult to measure ESG policies across different industries, as no official regulations for standardized ESG reporting currently exist. For example, a financial institution might require different standards for energy efficiency vs. an agricultural company or an actual energy producer.

Finally, some of the existing standards are qualitative and may be prone to subjectivity, which can make the ESG evaluation process difficult to quantify. These can all present challenges when you’re trying to apply ESG principles to your investing strategy.

Having an awareness of some of the limitations around these metrics can help investors use the currently available criteria wisely.

9 Common ESG Metrics

Commonly employed ESG metrics consist of both qualitative and quantitative metrics across all three categories of environmental, social, and governance factors.

3 Common Environmental Metrics

Environmental metrics measure the long-term ecological sustainability of a firm’s actions. These can be related to emissions, finite natural resources, and the environment, among other things.

Many of these metrics can be tracked on an aggregate basis or relative to other operating metrics (per capita, per unit produced, etc.).

•   Emissions: Quantifies how much a firm emits in greenhouse gasses, or whether it’s working to reduce carbon emissions through its operations.

•   Waste: Measures how much waste a company generates or recycles in their operations. Can also reflect a company’s impact on its surrounding ecology: e.g., air or water pollution.

•   Resource Usage: Tracks the efficiency and extent of a firm’s operations when it comes to using energy, water, or other key resources.

3 Common Social Metrics

Social metrics evaluate how a firm’s policies impact its workforce, the community, and society at large. Attempts to quantify these metrics have largely been implemented on a per-occurrence basis, or as a rate over time.

•   Human resources: Evaluates how a company treats its employees, gender pay gaps, diversity, frequency/magnitude of any workplace litigation, and employee turnover.

•   Labor safety: Tracks a firm’s commitment to safe labor practices via metrics like frequency of workplace accidents and lost productivity.

•   Product development and safety: Examines a firm’s product quality and sustainability through metrics like number of recalls, complaints, or even frequency of litigation. Can also be linked to environmental standards when it comes to how product inputs are sourced.

3 Common Governance Metrics

Governance metrics pertain to issues relating to business ethics, mitigation of agency risks, and transparency in reporting. These can be measured in terms of how executives are compensated, board policies, and accounting choices, among others.

•   Ownership structure: Reviews how faithful a firm is to its shareholders when it comes to metrics like the number of independent directors on the board, or how voting rights are distributed between management and shareholders.

•   Executive compensation: Measures executive compensation relative to industry standards or company profitability. Can also be tied to social concerns when measuring how compensation structures vary for different genders/minorities.

•   Financial reporting: Tracks a firm’s accounting policies and how comprehensive and accurate they are. Could involve reviewing a firm’s books for key disclosures or frequency of one-off exceptions.

How Do Firms Report ESG Metrics?

To some degree, how each firm reports its ESG metrics depends on its policies regarding disclosures. But now companies do have some standardization for reporting climate-related risk factors and mitigation efforts.

Keep in mind, the adoption of ESG frameworks can vary widely by firm and disclosure of these metrics is still largely voluntary. Additionally, certain metrics may be difficult to quantify and, in some cases, management, stakeholders, or shareholders may disagree on the impact of certain ESG factors.

As a result, professional money managers sometimes may solicit the assistance of third-party ESG consultants to obtain an independent assessment of how a company actually performs on ESG metrics.

How Can Investors Use ESG Metrics?

Investors want to be discerning when investing in specific firms or funds that offer an ESG approach.

Given the range of ESG frameworks and the inconsistency in how frameworks are applied, investors should be aware that some firms may cherry-pick which ESG metrics they use. Investment funds and ETFs that offer an ESG-based approach may use their own proprietary metrics when deciding how to allocate ESG investments; which may make them difficult to compare.

When using ESG metrics, you’ll want to examine a company’s ESG-related disclosures closely to ensure that there’s consistency in the data being reported. Depending on the metric you’re examining, you may wish to avoid making comparisons across disparate industries and focus on identifying “best-in-class” investments for a single industry.

The Takeaway

Broadly speaking, ESG metrics can offer investors a useful dimension for evaluating certain types of sustainable investment choices. Although a unified set of ESG standards and metrics is a work in progress, there has been a steady push among regulatory bodies to establish ESG reporting requirements, here and worldwide.

As with any investment strategy, investors will want to manage their expectations appropriately and employ ESG metrics as part of a larger toolbox for investment analysis.

Ready to start investing for your goals, but want some help? You might want to consider opening an automated investing account with SoFi. With SoFi Invest® automated investing, we provide a short questionnaire to learn about your goals and risk tolerance. Based on your replies, we then suggest a couple of portfolio options with a different mix of ETFs that might suit you.

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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
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Nov
27
2024

Can You Use Your IRA to Invest in Real Estate?

By | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement, Real Estate | Comments Off on Can You Use Your IRA to Invest in Real Estate?

There are a couple of ways to use an IRA to invest in real estate. First, you can invest in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or real-estate investment trusts (REITs) that focus on real estate investments within an IRA.

It’s also possible to set up a self-directed IRA, or SDIRA, that can own physical real estate, as well as other types of alternative investments.

Using an IRA to invest in real estate property directly, however, is a complicated and potentially risky proposition. It’s important to understand the many rules and restrictions, as well as the potential advantages and disadvantages of investing in real estate in an IRA before doing so.

Key Points

•   It’s possible to invest in real estate in an IRA via conventional methods, such as buying shares of a mutual fund, ETF, or REIT.

•   Direct ownership of physical property using an IRA means setting up a self-directed IRA, or SDIRA, which requires a specialized custodian, not an ordinary broker.

•   While a SDIRA gives investors the ability to invest in alternative investments (such as real estate, commodities, and precious metals), the account holder must oversee and manage the account and all investments.

•   Investing in real estate in an IRA comes with stringent rules, including that neither the investor nor anyone in their family can own or live in the property.

•   Investors considering investing in real estate through a SDIRA should weigh their risk tolerance, overall portfolio allocation, and the potential time commitment involved.

Can You Invest in Real Estate Using an IRA?

IRAs can offer a wide variety of investment opportunities, including those that target the real estate sector. While conventional investment options within an IRA are often confined to equity and fixed-income mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and index funds, it is in fact possible to use an IRA to invest in real estate in various ways.

Investing in real estate may be appealing to some investors because this asset class tends not to move in sync with traditional stock and bond markets; thus real estate may provide portfolio diversification. Some real estate investments also offer the potential for passive income.

But real estate is a type of alternative investment, and as such tends not to be very liquid, which may present risks for some investors.

Ways to Invest in Real Estate With an IRA

Here are some choices investors can consider for IRA real-estate investments. But not all types of real estate can be held in any type of IRA:

•   Real estate mutual funds, real estate-focused exchange-traded funds (ETFs), real estate investment trusts (REITs) are typically available through a traditional, Roth, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA.

•   Investing directly or owning residential and commercial investment properties, tax-lien certificates, crowdfunded real estate investments typically require a self-directed IRA or SDIRA (see detail below).

1. Real Estate-Related Funds

Like any type of mutual fund, real estate funds hold a basket of investments. Real estate mutual funds tend to be actively managed funds that may hold shares of real estate-related stocks, REITs, or they may track an index.

A real estate index fund, for example, seeks to mimic the performance of a market benchmark or index.

ETFs, meanwhile, are pooled investments similar to mutual funds, but are traded on an exchange like stocks, so they offer more liquidity. ETFs may also hold real-estate related investments — typically shares of REITs.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that you must choose the investments in your IRA? Once you open a new IRA online and start saving, you get to decide which mutual funds, ETFs, or other investments you want — it’s totally up to you.

2. Real Estate Investment Trusts

Investors can also invest in Real estate investment trusts (REITs) directly. REITs own and manage properties on behalf of investors. REITs can target a specific niche or segment of the real estate market, such as retail shopping centers or storage facilities. Or they might hold a wide mix of property investments, including residential rental properties, office buildings, and industrial warehouses.

Dividends are often at the top of the list of benefits when weighing the pros and cons of REITs. They’re required to pay out 90% of profits to shareholders as dividends, making them a potentially reliable source of passive income.

Some of the advantages of REITs include passive income from dividends, and portfolio diversification, but these vehicles come with a number of risks. Potential risks include less liquidity and sensitivity to interest rates, as well as other factors that can negatively impact real estate markets: i.e., consumer trends, property destruction (from wear and tear, or weather), local laws and regulations.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

3. Investment Properties

It’s also possible to own investment properties directly, such as commercial and residential real estate, among other types of properties. Investment properties can generate passive income through rent payments, and they may offer a profit when sold.

But investment properties typically require an upfront investment of capital, managing a mortgage, and ongoing maintenance that may be beyond the reach of most investors.

4. Tax-Lien Certificates

Tax-lien certificate investing involves buying liens that have been placed against properties in connection with unpaid tax debts. The holder of the certificate can collect interest while the property owner repays the debt. If the owner defaults on the debt, the certificate holder can take ownership of the property.

These are high-risk instruments, typically owing to the potential for losing money on tax payments and low-quality properties that don’t yield a profit.

5. Real Estate Crowdfunding

Real estate crowdfunding platforms, also known as online real estate platforms, allow a number of investors to purchase property by pooling their investment funds. Depending on which platform you’re using, the minimum investment could be as low as $500, but terms vary and the risks can be high.

Crowdfunding is even less liquid than many other types of real estate investments, since there’s typically a minimum holding period — which means investors’ money can be tied up for long periods, and there is no guarantee that a certain property or properties will turn a profit.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

What IRAs Can You Use to Invest in Real Estate?

If you’re interested in real estate funds or REITs, you may be able to invest in these through a traditional, Roth, SEP, or SIMPLE IRA. Many brokerages include real estate funds and REITs as investment options for ordinary IRA investors.

On the other hand, if you’re specifically interested in property investments or tax-lien certificates — i.e., directly investing your IRA in real estate — you’ll need to open a self-directed IRA (SDIRA) instead.

What Is a Self-Directed IRA?

A self-directed IRA is a traditional or Roth IRA that’s held by a specialized custodian that allows investors access to a broader range of investments, including alternative investments like real estate.

Unlike ordinary IRAs which are overseen by a broker, all assets in a SDIRA are researched and managed by the account holder.

Self-directed IRAs are subject to a number of IRS restrictions. Many of these rules also apply to ordinary IRAs, but it’s important to bear them in mind when thinking about investing your IRA in real estate. Specifically, you’re barred from:

•   Transacting with disqualified persons. These include your spouse and any family members, as well as your IRA beneficiary if they don’t fit either of those categories. The prohibition also extends to any business entity that’s owned by a disqualified person.

•   Using the IRA or investments in the IRA for personal benefit. Using an IRA for personal benefit in any way is not allowed. For example, if you’re collecting rental income from a property you own in the IRA, you have to deposit any profit into the IRA, along with any other income generated by self-directed IRA assets.

•   Making disallowed investments. Finally, there are some limits on what you can own in a self-directed IRA. Disallowed investments include life insurance, collectibles, and business interests in S-corporations. Transactions that count as “self-dealing” are also prohibited: i.e., borrowing money from a SDIRA, selling property to it, using it as loan collateral.

Note: While the IRS permits using an IRA to buy a first home, that doesn’t apply to self-directed IRAs.

Steps to Buying Real Estate With an IRA

If you’d like to invest in property or tax lien certificates with an IRA, you need to set up a self-directed IRA, and then purchase the property or similar investment through the SDIRA . Because it can be very difficult to secure a mortgage for this kind of purchase, most direct property purchases are paid for with cash from the SDIRA.

1. Find a Custodian

The first thing you’ll need to do is find a qualified custodian that offers self-directed IRAs for real estate investment. When researching custodians, it’s a good idea to consider their reputation in the space, customer service and satisfaction, as well as the fees you’ll pay.

2. Open a Self-Directed IRA

Once you select a custodian, you can open your SDIRA. Your custodian should be able to guide you through this process, which usually involves completing the appropriate paperwork.

Remember, you’ll need to specify whether you’d like to open a traditional or Roth self-directed IRA. Traditional IRAs allow for tax-deductible contributions, while Roth SDIRAs can offer qualified withdrawals tax free in retirement.

Your custodian may give you the option (or require you) to establish a self-directed IRA as a limited liability company (LLC). Doing so can offer an advantage, since it allows you to have full control with regard to signing authority over IRA funds.

However, setting up an LLC real estate IRA can trigger additional IRS rules against prohibited transactions.

3. Deposit Funds to Your IRA

The next step is transferring funds into your self-directed IRA. That may be as simple as scheduling an electronic transfer from a bank account. You can also roll funds over from a 401(k) or another eligible plan.

Keep in mind that self-directed IRAs follow the same annual contribution limits as other IRAs, but those limits do not apply to IRA rollovers.

4. Compare Investment Options

Once you have money in your self-directed IRA, you’ll need to decide how you want to invest it. If you’re focused on real estate, that might mean purchasing an investment property. It’s important to perform due diligence to find a property that aligns with your investment needs, goals, and risk tolerance.

Remember that self-directed IRA investment options can include:

•   Single-family or multifamily homes

•   Commercial and rental properties

•   Land

•   Tax liens

•   Mortgage notes

Each one can have a different risk/reward profile so it’s important to understand what you might gain from each one and what you may stand to lose. It’s also a good idea to consider how much of your self-directed IRA funds, and your portfolio as a whole, you’d like to allocate to real estate.

5. Purchase a Property

If you’re investing in a rental property and you’ve found one you want to buy, the final step is making the purchase. You’ll need to make an offer and once that’s accepted, you’ll need to authorize your IRA custodian to complete the transaction on your behalf. That’s important, as the property needs to be held in contract by the IRA, rather than yourself.

Pros and Cons of Investing Your IRA in Real Estate

Investing an IRA in real estate can yield some advantages but there are some serious considerations to keep in mind.

While you can use a self-directed IRA to hold real estate, which may offer some tax advantages, it’s important to know the rules so you don’t risk losing those benefits. Also, keep in mind that holding real estate inside a self-directed IRA can mean missing out on some tax advantages you’d get by owning property directly.

A self-directed IRA can offer high return potential but that means doing your homework first to find solid investments. You’ll need to spend some time researching properties to ensure that you understand the risks, as well as the level of returns you might be able to expect.

Managing a self-directed IRA may be more time-consuming than investing in a regular IRA, especially if you’re not hiring a property manager to oversee property investments. Self-directed IRAs offer less liquidity and depending on which custodian you choose, the fees may be high.

thumb_upPros:

•   Potentially for returns

•   IRA-related tax benefits

•   Diversification

•   IRAs are protected from creditors

thumb_downCons:

•   Physical real estate is subject to numerous risks

•   Stringent rules and requirements

•   Less liquid than other investments

•   Time-consuming to set up and manage

•   Fees may be high

Is Investing Your IRA in Real Estate Right for You?

Deciding whether to invest in real estate with your IRA can start with reviewing your portfolio as a whole. Here are some questions to consider:

•   Do you already own any real estate investments, including REITs or index funds?

•   If so, how much of your portfolio is allocated to real estate?

•   How much time and effort do you have to put into managing real estate investments?

•   How much money are you able to invest?

•   Do you have a trusted custodian and if not, do you know where to find one?

•   What degree of risk are you willing to take and what kind of returns are you hoping to earn?

•   Asking those kinds of questions can help you to evaluate where real estate fits into your investment plans and whether a self-directed IRA is the best option for you.

Alternative IRA Investment Options

In addition to real estate, you can also hold a wide variety of other alternative investments in a SDIRA.

•   Commodities

•   Gold and other precious metals

•   Limited partnerships

•   Private equity

Remember that the IRS bars you from owning things like artwork, antiques, rare coins or stamps, and fine wine in a self-directed IRA.

The Takeaway

Opening an IRA for real estate investing could be worth the effort if you’re hoping to diversify your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds, but it requires opening a specific type of IRA called a self-directed IRA, or SDIRA. This type of IRA isn’t available from a traditional broker, because you can use a SDIRA to hold alternative investments, such as real estate and commodities.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can I invest in real estate using my IRA?

You can invest in real estate using a self-directed IRA, or SDIRA. This type of IRA is held by a custodian and allows you to choose from a wider range of investment options than regular IRAs. With a self-directed IRA, you can own rental properties, mortgage notes, and tax lien certificates.

How is real estate taxed in an IRA?

Real estate held in an IRA is subject to the tax rules that apply to the type of IRA. For example, if you have real estate in a traditional SDIRA then any earnings or income generated by those investments would grow tax-deferred. You’d pay ordinary income tax on them when you make qualified withdrawals in retirement. A Roth-style SDIRA would provide tax-free income on qualified withdrawals. Owing to the complexity of self-directed IRAs to begin with, it might make sense to consult a professional regarding tax implications.

What type of real estate can be held in an IRA?

A self-directed IRA can hold residential rental properties, commercial real estate investment properties, tax lien certificates, and mortgage notes. If you have a regular traditional or Roth IRA, you can use it to invest in real estate funds, ETFs, or REITs.

Photo credit: iStock/boonstudio

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.


An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Nov
27
2024

Tips for Helping Your Parents Retirement

By | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Tips for Helping Your Parents Retirement

Saving for retirement can have its challenges, and there’s one you might not be expecting. You may find yourself helping to plan your parents’ retirement if they’ve fallen short of their savings goals.

Learning that your parents have no, or very little, retirement savings may be disheartening, especially if you’re expected to help fill the gaps in their financial plan. Figuring out how to retire your parents while still keeping your own financial goals in sight can be tricky, but it’s not impossible.

Key Points

•   Encourage your parents to discuss retirement openly and build a support system to address financial concerns.

•   Your family or a financial advisor can help analyze parents’ financial situation, including savings, debts, and monthly expenses, to plan effectively.

•   Help parents find ways to save for retirement by reducing expenses and increasing income.

•   If your parents have earned income, ask them to consider opening a retirement investment account, like an IRA, to boost savings.

•   Utilize available resources and federal programs to support parents’ retirement planning and saving.

What to Do If Your Parents Didn’t Save for Retirement

When your parents can’t afford to retire your first instinct might be to get angry or place blame. However, it’s important to remember that you’re not alone and there are others like you in the same situation.

Consider this: More than half of retirees and pre-retirees aged 50 to 74 report feeling financially fragile. And the median retirement savings among them, per recent data, was just $128,000. Among pre-retirees, too, almost one-third said they had no plans for when to retire.

Statistically, women are less likely to have retirement savings than men. About 50% of women aged 55 to 66 have nothing saved for retirement, compared to 47% of men according to Census Bureau data. Being married more than once decreases women’s likelihood of having something saved for retirement.

The numbers aren’t encouraging, but it’s not too late to help your parents get back on track to retire. Assuming one or both of your parents are still working there are some things you can do to help them make the most of their current income in order to save for retirement.

How to Help Your Parents Retire

Retiring your parents may not be an easy task but it’s important to stay focused on the bigger goal. Also, remember that while it’s fine to want to help your parents retire, sidelining your own finances to do that could put your own retirement at risk.

1. Talk to Them About the Situation

Talking about money with your parents may be uncomfortable if they’ve never been forthcoming about their finances. However, it’s important to have an honest discussion about where they are with regard to retirement planning.

Doing so can help you both set realistic expectations. Some of the possible topics to discuss include:

•   Living arrangements: Will they continue to live in their current home? If so, is that home paid for? And if they don’t plan to stay in the home, will they expect to live with you or move somewhere else?

•   Financial support: If they lack retirement savings of any kind, will they expect you to help out financially? If the answer is yes, what does that translate to in hard numbers?

•   Long-term planning: Should one or both of your parents require nursing care, what will that look like? Will you be their caregiver or will they need to move to an assisted living or long-term care facility? How much will that cost and where will the money come from to pay for it?

Those are just some of the issues that might come as you dig into the retirement planning conversation. Keep in mind that it shouldn’t be a one-time chat, either. If you’re planning to help retire your parents, then you’ll all need to be comfortable with discussing it on an ongoing basis.

2. Get Support

Trying to help your parents retire can be overwhelming and it’s a good idea to look for outside support if possible. If you have siblings, for example, you can ask them to join in the discussions about money and retirement planning. You might enlist the help of your parents’ siblings if you’re an only child.

It may also be beneficial to get an expert’s opinion. If your parents are receptive, you might want to consult with an advisor who specializes in financial planning or starting a retirement plan for families, whether that entails opening an IRA online or managing debt. They may be able to offer outside perspectives on the biggest issues that need to be addressed right away to get their retirement plan in shape.

3. Break Down the Numbers

Figuring out how to help your parents retire means taking a close look at their finances. Depending on your family situation, there might be some pushback here but it’s important for you and your parents to sit down and do the math.

Specifically, it’s helpful to understand:

•   How much they have saved for retirement, if anything

•   What retirement benefits they have through their employer (i.e., a 401(k), pension, etc.)

•   How much debt they’re carrying and what types of debt they have

•   What their spending looks like in a typical month and how that might change once they retire

•   What type of assets they might have, such as a home, investments, or a life insurance policy

Having the numbers in front of you can help figure out what’s realistic, with regard to how much income they’ll need to fund their lifestyle in retirement and how much financial support you might need to provide.

4. Help Them Find Money to Save

If your parents have money coming in from working, then you’re already one step ahead of the game in helping them prepare for retirement. The challenge now is to help them find the money they need to set aside something for the future.

There are several ways to do that:

•   Reduce expenses

•   Increase income

•   Look for “free” money

If you’ve already gone over the details of their monthly spending, the next step is walking through their budget with them to find expenses they can cut out. The more drastically your parents can cut their expenses, the more money they may be able to free up for retirement savings.

When there’s debt in the picture, whether it’s credit cards, car loans, or a mortgage, consider how they could get rid of those expenses. Taking a personal loan to consolidate credit cards, for example, could help them save on interest while paying off what they owe faster. The same goes for refinancing their mortgage.

Increasing income may be trickier, but you could suggest things like getting a part-time job or second job, or starting a small side hustle. Even something like selling things around the house they don’t need can bring in extra income they could use to save for retirement.

Finally, consider what free money they might be passing up. If they have a 401(k) at work, for example, but aren’t contributing enough to get the full company match then a simple adjustment to their annual contribution rate could fix that. That’s a smart way to encourage them to start investing or at least reviewing stock market basics in retirement with the income they already have.

💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

5. Open a Retirement Investment Account

If your parents don’t have a 401(k) or similar plan at work, it’s never too late to think about starting a retirement plan. And even if they do have a workplace plan, they could still benefit from opening a secondary account for retirement savings.

Among the different types of retirement plans, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) is the most accessible for savers who have earned income. You could encourage your parents to open a traditional or Roth IRA, depending on their current tax situation and where they expect to be tax-wise once they retire.

With traditional IRAs, contributions are typically tax-deductible and anyone can contribute. A Roth IRA, on the other hand, allows for tax-free qualified withdrawals in retirement. Eligibility to contribute is based on income and filing status. Understanding the differences can help with choosing a retirement plan for your parents, or yourself if you have yet to start saving.

6. Take Advantage of Available Resources

There are numerous federal programs that are designed to help retirees manage their financial lives. Researching what’s available can help you figure out what benefits your parents might qualify for once they retire.

For example, it’s important to consider when parents should take Social Security benefits if they don’t have retirement savings. The earliest age for claiming benefits is 62, but taking benefits early can reduce the amount retirees receive. Delaying benefits to age 70 can increase their monthly payments, but that may not be realistic.

Other options for getting financial help include:

•   Medicare, which provides health insurance coverage for seniors 65 and older

•   Medicaid, which provides healthcare services for low-income families and individuals

•   HUD public housing (for seniors with disabilities or limited income)

•   Assistance programs that help with utility bills, heating bills, or phone bills

•   Food assistance programs, including Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Benefits, and Meals on Wheels

•   Assistance programs for military veterans if either of your parents served in the armed forces

•   Property tax or homestead exemptions for seniors

•   Programs that help with home repairs for eligible seniors

Your parents may not need all of these programs, but it’s still a good idea to know what’s out there. If you’re not sure how to find resources for retirees, you can contact your local departments of health, social services, or adult services to ask for guidance. You can also try your local council on aging, if one exists in your area.

7. Address Long-Term Financial Planning

One of the most staggering costs in retirement for many seniors is healthcare. At the low end, the cost may average almost $25,000 per year for adult assisted living or community care. At the high end, you might pay almost $117,000 on average annually for a private room in a nursing phone.

Purchasing long-term care insurance can help to pick up the tab but policies can be expensive. Medicaid could pay for coverage but your parents would need to meet the income and resource guidelines set by their state to qualify for help.

A hybrid life insurance policy could kill two birds with one stone, so to speak. These policies can pay out benefits toward long-term care during your parents’ lifetime should they need them. They can also pay out a death benefit when they pass away, which could help you to cover things like final expenses or any remaining debts they leave behind.

Again, it may be in everyone’s best interest to sit down and talk these things through with a financial advisor, which may help them think about starting a retirement plan.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

Discussing their financial plan and sharing tips for investing can help your parents to feel more comfortable about the idea of retirement. At the same time, it’s important to consider where you are on your financial journey. It’s generally a good idea to start saving for retirement as early as possible, but if your parents did not, there are still options.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can I open a retirement account for my parents?

No, but you can help them open a retirement account of their own. For example, you could walk them through opening a traditional or Roth IRA at a brokerage. You can also help them to review their retirement account options at work to make sure they’re getting the most benefit possible.

What do you do when your parents haven’t saved for retirement?

When parents have no retirement savings, it’s important to take a deep breath and not panic. It’s possible to help your parents get on track with retirement savings if they’re committed to setting realistic expectations and taking action to set aside as much money as possible in the remaining years before they retire. You may also encourage them to talk to a financial advisor about how to get their finances in shape.

How much does the average family need to retire?

The amount of money one family needs to retire may be very different from another’s, depending on the number of family members and their desired retirement lifestyle. Saving at least $1 million for retirement is a commonly-accepted target, though it may be possible for one person to retire with just $500,000 while someone else might need $2 million to live comfortably.

Photo credit: iStock/Fly View Productions

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Nov
27
2024

Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA: How They Compare

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA: How They Compare

Both Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs) and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) come in traditional and Roth versions. One of the main differences between a Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA is who can contribute. Federal employees and members of the military can save in a Roth TSP. Anyone with earned income that’s within IRS income thresholds can contribute to a Roth IRA.

In either case, your contributions are not tax-deductible, but you can make tax-free qualified withdrawals when you retire.

Key Points

•   Roth TSPs are available to federal employees and military members, while Roth IRAs are accessible to anyone with earned income within IRS income thresholds.

•   Contributions to both Roth TSPs and Roth IRAs are made with after-tax dollars, allowing for tax-free qualified withdrawals in retirement.

•   Roth TSPs have higher annual contribution limits and allow for employer matching contributions, unlike Roth IRAs.

•   Roth IRAs typically offer a broader choice of investment options than Roth TSPs.

•   Choosing between a Roth TSP and Roth IRA depends on employment status, contribution capacity, and retirement goals.

What Are Roth Thrift Savings Plans (TSP)?

The Thrift Savings Plan is a retirement plan that’s designed specifically for federal employees. You’re generally eligible to contribute to a TSP if you’re covered by the Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS) or the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). Members of the military can also save for retirement in a TSP.

A Roth TSP allows you to contribute after-tax dollars. When you make qualified withdrawals in retirement, those withdrawals are not taxed. Earnings are considered qualified if:

•   At least 5 years have passed since January 1 of the first year in which you began making contributions, and

•   You’re 59 ½ or older, permanently disabled, or deceased.

Contributions are made through elective salary deferrals, similar to a 401(k) plan. Catch-up contributions are allowed for workers aged 50 or older. Under the SECURE 2.0 Act, a higher catch-up contribution limit applies in 2025 for those ages 60 to 63. The IRS determines how much you can save in a Roth TSP each year. Here are the contribution limits for 2024 and 2025.

2024

 2025
Elective Deferrals $23,000 $23,500
Catch-Up Contributions $7,500 $7,500
$11,250 for those ages 60-63
Annual Additions Limit $69,000 $70,000

The annual additions limit is the total amount you can contribute in a calendar year. It includes employee contributions, as well as automatic and matching contributions made by your employing agency. Catch-up contributions do not count in this total.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer a Roth TSP, we do offer a Roth IRA to help members save for retirement.

What Are Roth IRAs?

A Roth IRA retirement account is an individual retirement account that allows you to contribute after-tax dollars, then make qualified withdrawals tax-free. Roth IRAs are available to individuals through brokerages, banks, and other financial institutions, rather than through employers.

You’ll need to have earned income to contribute to a Roth IRA. The IRS sets the maximum annual contribution limit. Catch-up contributions are allowed if you’re 50 or older. Here’s how the limits compare for 2024 and 2025.

2024

 2025
Annual Contributions $7,000 $7,000
Catch-Up Contributions $1,000 $1,000

The annual limit does not apply to rollover or reservist contributions. How much you can contribute to a Roth IRA is based on your income and tax filing status.

You can make the full contribution in 2024 if:

•   You file single or head of household and your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is less than $146,000

•   You’re married, file separately, did not live with your spouse during the year and your MAGI is less than $146,000

•   You’re married and file jointly or are a qualifying widow(er) and your MAGI is less than $230,000

You can make a full contribution in 2025 if:

•   You file single or head of household and your MAGI is less than $150,000

•   You’re married, file separately, did not live with your spouse during the year, and your MAGI is less than $150,000

•   You’re married and file jointly or are a qualifying widow(er) and you’re MAGI is less than $236,000

There are no required minimum distributions for Roth IRAs, so you can leave money in your account until you need it. You can also withdraw original contributions at any time, without a tax penalty.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Similarities Between Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA

It’s important to open a retirement account that fits your needs. In terms of what’s similar between a Roth IRA vs. Roth TSP, they both allow you to contribute money on an after-tax basis. In other words, you pay taxes on the money that goes into the plan upfront so you can withdraw it tax-free later.

Once you reach age 59 ½, you can begin taking distributions without triggering any tax consequences. In terms of early withdrawals from a TSP vs. Roth IRA, there’s no difference. The IRS can assess a 10% early withdrawal penalty when taking money out of either account prematurely.

Both Roth IRAs and Roth TSPs are subject to the five-year rule mentioned earlier. Again, that rule dictates that at least five years must have passed since making your first contribution in order to avoid a tax penalty when making withdrawals.

TSP Roth vs. Roth IRA Similarities
Funded with… After-tax dollars
Contributions are… Not tax-deductible
Qualified withdrawals are… Tax-free

Differences Between Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA

While they do have some things in common, there are some notable differences between a Roth IRA vs. TSP.

First, the TSP is an employer-sponsored plan, while an IRA is not. If you don’t work for the federal government you wouldn’t have access to a Roth TSP, but you could still open a Roth IRA and contribute to it.

Next, Roth TSPs have much higher annual contribution limits and catch-up contribution limits. They also allow for employer matching contributions, something you won’t get with a Roth IRA. Your ability to contribute to a TSP is not limited by your income either.

While Roth IRAs allow you to withdraw original contributions at anytime without a tax penalty, that’s not the case for Roth TSPs.

TSP Roth vs. Roth IRA Differences
Contribution limits… Are higher for Roth TSPs
Matching contributions… Only apply for Roth TSPs
Contribution withdrawals… Only Roth IRAs allow you to withdraw original contributions at anytime without a tax penalty

Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA: The Pros

There are several types of retirement plans that can offer tax advantages, including both Roth TSP and Roth IRA accounts. In terms of the pros, the main benefits of choosing either of these accounts lies in the ability to withdraw money when you retire tax-free.

If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket when you retire, Roth TSP or Roth IRA withdrawals won’t increase your tax liabilities. That’s a good thing if the value of your investments within either account has risen significantly since you first begin making contributions.

Roth TSPs may help you save a decent amount of money for retirement if you’re able to max out your plan each year. The addition of employer matching contributions is another benefit, since that’s essentially “free” money. You don’t get that with Roth IRAs, but these accounts can still be a good way to save if you don’t have access to a retirement plan at work.

Roth TSP Pros Roth IRA Pros

•   Contribute money on an after-tax basis

•   Contributions grow tax-free

•   Qualified withdrawals are tax-free

•   High annual contribution and catch-up contribution limits

•   Employer matching contributions may help your savings grow faster

•   Eligibility to contribute is not tied to your income

•   Contribute money on an after-tax basis

•   Contributions grow tax-free

•   Qualified withdrawals and withdrawals of original contributions are tax-free

•   Save for retirement even if you don’t have a workplace retirement plan

Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA: The Cons

While there are some advantages to saving in a Roth TSP or Roth IRA, there are also some potential downsides. For one thing, you’ll need to have a federal job (that is, work for the federal government is some capacity) in order to contribute to a Roth TSP. With a Roth IRA, your ability to make a contribution hinges on your income and filing status.

Roth TSPs are also known for offering a narrower range of investment options. If you make an in-service withdrawal from your account and you’re not age 59 ½ yet, you should be prepared to pay a tax penalty.

A Roth IRA doesn’t offer matching contributions, nor can you borrow from it. Any early withdrawals that are not qualified or don’t otherwise meet the five-year rule could be subject to tax penalties. While you might have more investment options to choose from, it’s important to be mindful of the fees you may pay.

Roth TSP Cons Roth IRA Cons

•   Must be an eligible federal employee to contribute

•   Investment selection may be limited

•   In-service withdrawals only allowed for financial hardship

•   Early withdrawal penalty may apply

•   Must be within the IRS threshold guidelines to contribute

•   How much you can contribute is tied to income and filing status

•   No option to take loans

•   No employer matching contributions

•   Early withdrawal penalty may apply

Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA: Which Is Better for Your Retirement Goals?

Selecting a retirement plan is an important decision as you want to choose an option that aligns with your needs, goals, risk tolerance, and objectives. Contributing to a Roth TSP could be wise if you’re a federal employee, since you can take advantage of higher contribution limits and employer matching contributions.

A Roth IRA, meanwhile, could make sense if you don’t have access to a retirement plan at work or you want to supplement your employer’s plan. Contributing to a retirement plan at work doesn’t bar you from also contributing to a Roth IRA, as long as you’re within the income limits set by the IRS.

The one that’s better for you may depend on where you work, how much money you’re able to contribute to retirement savings each year, and when you plan to retire. When comparing investment options for a Roth TSP vs. Roth IRA, consider the overall track record of those investments as well as the fees you might pay.

The Takeaway

Whether you choose a Roth IRA vs. Roth TSP or something else, it’s important to save for retirement early and often. Even if you can only afford to contribute small amounts to a retirement account, they can add up over time as long as you remain consistent.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Should I max out my TSP or Roth IRA?

If you can afford to max out your TSP, it might make sense to do so before maxing out a Roth IRA. The simple reason for that is TSPs have higher annual contribution limits and you can also get a matching contribution from your employer. If you only have a Roth IRA, then maxing it out each year can help you save the most money possible toward your retirement goals.

Is a Roth IRA better for retirement or a Roth TSP?

A Roth IRA is a good retirement savings option if you want to be able to make tax-free withdrawals later. However, a Roth TSP allows you to contribute a larger amount of money each year and your employer can also make matching contributions on your behalf.

Does a Roth TSP reduce taxable income?

Roth TSP contributions are made using after-tax dollars, so they do not reduce your taxable income for the year. You can, however, manage your tax liability by taking advantage of any deductions and credits you might be eligible for.

Photo credit: iStock/nortonrsx

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