What Is a Gold IRA? How Do You Invest in One?
While it’s common for people to use their IRA to invest in stocks, bonds, and other securities, it’s also possible to set up a self-directed IRA to invest in physical gold bars, coins, or bullion.
Although the assets within a self-directed IRA are considered alternative investments, these accounts still follow the standard IRS rules regarding tax advantages, annual contribution limits, and so forth.
That said, not all brokers offer self-directed IRAs. And investing in gold within an IRA may be more expensive owing to the cost of storing a physical commodity like gold.
Establishing a Gold IRA Account
It’s important to understand that there isn’t a dedicated “gold IRA” that’s geared toward investing in gold alone (or any other type of precious metal). Rather, investors interested in investing in gold or other types of alternative investments can set up what’s known as a self-directed IRA (or SIDRA) in order to choose investments that aren’t normally available through a traditional IRA account.
While alternative investments can be illiquid, volatile, or subject to other risk factors, investors interested in alts may be curious about the potential for greater diversification since these assets typically don’t move in tandem with conventional markets. In the case of precious metals, they can be an inflation hedge.
Understanding Self-Directed IRAs
Typically, most IRA providers only allow you to invest in securities like stocks, bonds, ETFs or mutual funds. If you want to invest in gold by buying shares in an ETF focusing on gold, or by purchasing stock in a gold mining company, then a traditional IRA custodian is fine.
But if you want to hold physical gold in your IRA, you’ll need to find a broker that will allow you to set up a self-directed IRA.
Self-directed IRAs and self-directed Roth IRAs allow account holders to buy and sell a wider variety of investments than regular traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs.
While a custodian or a trustee administers the SDIRA, the account holder typically manages the portfolio of assets themselves. These accounts may also come with higher fees than regular IRAs owing to the higher cost of storing physical assets like gold.
That said, a self-directed IRA follows the same general rules as ordinary IRAs in terms of tax rules, withdrawal restrictions, income caps, and annual contribution limits (see details below). A self-directed IRA can be set up as a traditional, tax-deferred account, or a self-directed Roth IRA.
Setting Up a Gold IRA Account
Once you’ve found an IRA custodian or brokerage that allows you to open a self-directed IRA and purchase physical gold, you can fund your account. Be sure you’re working with a reputable, experienced precious metals IRA custodian, and that the company is registered with the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) and with FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority).
The two most common ways to fund a gold IRA are by contributing cash or transferring money from an existing IRA or 401(k) account.
After you’ve funded your account, your broker will purchase the physical gold and store it for you. These same steps will hold true if you want to invest in other precious metals, including silver or platinum.
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Gold Standards for IRAs
Just as with a silver IRA, there are restrictions on the physical gold you are allowed to hold in an IRA. Any gold that is held in an IRA must be at least 99.5% pure.
Some common types of gold coins that are allowed to be held in a gold IRA include American Eagle bullion or coins, Canadian Maple Leaf coins and Australian Koala bullion coins.
Managing a Gold IRA Portfolio
The process for managing an IRA invested in gold is similar to managing an IRA that holds any commodity or security.
When you open a gold IRA, you will issue instructions to your broker to buy and sell physical gold, just as you would if you were buying stocks in a more traditional IRA. The value of your gold IRA portfolio fluctuates with the value of the physical gold that you hold.
You are not allowed to hold the gold yourself while it is part of your IRA. If you want to take possession of the physical gold bullion in your gold IRA, you will need to make a withdrawal from your IRA — which is subject to standard IRS rules governing IRA withdrawals.
An early withdrawal before age 59 ½ may result in taxes and/or penalties, so make sure you understand the terms before you take a withdrawal from a self-directed IRA.
Recommended: Portfolio Diversification: What It Is and Why It’s Important
Tax Advantages and Drawbacks of Gold IRAs
Remember that an IRA invested in gold still follows the basic structure and tax rules of traditional and Roth IRAs. The annual contribution limit for a regular, Roth, or self-directed IRA is $7,000 for tax year 2024, or $8,000 for those 50 and older.
• With a self-directed traditional IRA, you save money that’s considered pre-tax (just as in a traditional IRA account). The value of the assets within the account may grow over time, but taxes are deferred. This means you will owe tax on the money when you withdraw it, which you can do without penalty starting at age 59 ½.
• With a self-directed Roth IRA you make after-tax contributions, just as you would with a regular Roth IRA. Here the money grows tax free over time. In the case of a Roth account, qualified withdrawals are tax free starting at age 59 ½, as long as you have had the account for at least five years, according to the five-year rule.
In addition, investors who want to set up a Roth SIDRA must meet certain income requirements (the same income caps as for a regular Roth IRA). For single and joint tax filers: in order to contribute the full amount to a Roth IRA you must earn less than $146,000 (for single filers) or $230,000 (if you’re married, filing jointly), respectively. See IRS.gov for additional details, or consider consulting a tax professional.
One of the biggest drawbacks of a gold IRA is that the money in your IRA is generally intended for retirement. That means that if you withdraw the money in any IRA before you reach 59 ½, you may have to pay additional taxes and/or a 10% penalty. Another drawback is that you are limited by how much you can contribute to a gold IRA each year.
The Takeaway
There isn’t a specific type of IRA called a gold IRA — this is just a common way to refer to a self-directed IRA that is used to invest in physical gold. A gold IRA might be a traditional or a Roth IRA, which each come with certain tax advantages. Any gold that you hold in a self-directed IRA must be at least 99.5% pure. Additionally, not all brokers allow you to self-direct your investments and hold gold in your IRA.
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FAQ
What types of gold investments can be held in a gold IRA?
Like other commodities including silver or platinum, there are specific rules about what kinds of gold investments can be held in a gold IRA. Gold must be at least 99.5% pure to be eligible to be held in an IRA. This includes coins like the Australian Koala, Canadian Maple Leaf, or American Eagle.
How do you set up and fund a gold IRA account?
The most important step to setting up and funding a gold IRA is to find a custodian that will allow you to open a self-directed IRA and invest in precious metals. Once you have found a custodian that will, simply follow their account setup instructions. Then you can fund your gold IRA, by either making a new contribution, or transferring money from a 401(k) account or an existing IRA.
What are the tax benefits and restrictions associated with a gold IRA?
The tax benefits and restrictions of a self-directed gold IRA are the same as any other IRA. With a traditional gold IRA, you may be eligible for a tax deduction in the year that you make a contribution, but you’ll owe taxes on withdrawals. With a Roth gold IRA, you don’t get a tax deduction when you make your contribution — instead, your withdrawals are tax free. In most circumstances, you will have to pay taxes and/or penalties if you make a withdrawal before age 59 ½.
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