What is green investing — and how can it help make the world a better place (while making investors money)? Here’s what investors need to know.
Read more
A self-directed IRA (SIDRA) allows you to save money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis while enjoying access to a broader range of investments. Opening a self-directed IRA for real estate investing is an opportunity to diversify your portfolio with an alternative asset class while potentially generating higher returns.
Using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate offers the added benefit of either tax-deferred growth or tax-free withdrawals in retirement, depending on whether it’s a traditional or Roth IRA. Before making a move, however, it’s important to know how they work. The IRS imposes self-directed IRA real estate rules that investors must follow to reap tax benefits.
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) allow you to set aside money for retirement with built-in tax benefits. These retirement accounts come in two basic forms: traditional and Roth.
Traditional IRAs allow for tax-deductible contributions, while Roth IRAs let you make qualified distributions tax-free.
When you open a traditional or Roth IRA at a brokerage you might be able to invest in mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, or bonds. A self-directed IRA allows you to fund your retirement goals with alternative investments — including real estate.
You can do the same thing with a self-directed 401(k).
Self-directed IRAs have the same contribution limits as other IRAs. For 2024, you can contribute up to:
• $7,000 if you’re under 50 years of age
• $8,000 if you’re 50 or older
Contributions and withdrawals are subject to the same tax treatment as other traditional or Roth IRAs. The biggest difference between a self-directed IRA and other IRAs is that while a custodian holds your account, you manage your investments directly.
1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.
💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with an IRA account. With a traditional IRA, the money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).
Using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate allows investors to invest in various funds or securities that, themselves, invest in property or real estate. Those securities may be real estate investment trusts (REITs), mutual funds, or ETFs focused. Investors with self-directed IRAs can, then, direct retirement account funds toward those securities.
Other types of real estate investments can include single-family homes, multi-family homes, apartment buildings, or commercial properties — actual, physical property. For investors who do want to buy actual property using an IRA, the process generally involves buying the property with cash (which may require them to liquidate other investments first), and then taking ownership, which would all transact through the IRA itself. It’s not necessarily easy and can be complicated, but that’s the gist of it.
With that in mind, the types of investments you can make within an IRA will depend on your goals.
For instance, if you’re interested in generating cash flow you might choose to purchase one or more rental properties using a self-directed IRA for real estate. If earning interest or dividends is the goal, then you might lean toward mortgage notes and REIT investing instead.
The most important thing to know is that if you use a retirement account to invest in real estate, there are some specific rules you need to know. For instance, the IRS says that you cannot:
• Use your retirement account to purchase property you already own.
• Use your retirement account to purchase property owned by anyone who is your spouse, family member, beneficiary, or fiduciary.
• Purchase vacation homes or office space for yourself using retirement account funds.
• Do work, including repairs or improvements, on properties you buy with your retirement account yourself.
• Pay property expenses, such as maintenance or property management fees, from personal funds; you must use your self-directed IRA to do so.
• Pocket any rental income, dividends, or interest generated by your property investments; all income must go to the IRA.
Violating any of these rules could cause you to lose your tax-advantaged status. Talking to a financial advisor can help you make sense of the rules.
Using a self-directed IRA for real estate investing can be appealing if you’re ready to do more with your portfolio. Real estate offers diversification benefits as well as possible inflationary protection, as well as the potential for consistent passive income.
However, it’s important to weigh the potential downsides that go along with using a self-directed IRA to buy real estate.
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
|
• Self-directed IRAs for real estate allow you to diversify outside the confines of traditional stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. • You can establish a self-directed IRA as a traditional or Roth account, depending on the type of tax benefits you prefer. • Real estate returns can surpass those of stocks or bonds and earnings can grow tax-deferred or be withdrawn tax-free in retirement, in some cases. • A self-directed IRA allows you to choose which investments to make, based on your risk tolerance, goals, and timeline. |
• The responsibility for due diligence falls on your shoulders, which could put you at risk of making an ill-informed investment. • Failing to observe self-directed IRA rules could cost you any tax benefits you would otherwise enjoy with an IRA. • The real estate market can be unpredictable and investment returns are not guaranteed — they’re higher-risk investments, typically. Early withdrawals may be subject to taxes and penalties, and there may be higher associated fees. • Self-directed IRAs used for real estate investing are often a target of fraudulent activity, which could cause you to lose money on investments. |
Using a self-directed IRA for real estate or any type of alternative investment may involve more risk because you’re in control of choosing and managing investments. For that reason, this type of account is better suited for experienced investors who are knowledgeable about investment properties, rather than beginners.
A real estate IRA is another way of referring to a self-directed IRA that’s used for real estate investment. The terms may be used interchangeably and they both serve the same purpose when describing what the IRA is used for.
Again, the main difference is how investments are selected and managed. When you open a traditional or Roth IRA at a brokerage, the custodian decides which range of investments to offer. With a self-directed IRA, you decide what to invest in, whether that means investing in real estate or a different type of alternative investment.
💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.
Opening a self-directed IRA is an option for many people, and the sooner you start saving for retirement, the more time your money has to grow. And, as discussed, a self-directed IRA allows you to save money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis while enjoying access to a broader range of investments, including real estate.
Once again, using a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate offers the added benefit of tax-deferred growth and tax-free withdrawals in retirement. There are pros and cons, and rules to abide by, but these types of accounts are another option for investors.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
You can use a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate-related or -focused securities and other types of alternative investments. Before opening a self-directed IRA to invest in real estate, it’s important to shop around to find the right custodian. It’s also wise to familiarize yourself with the IRS self-directed IRA real estate rules.
The primary disadvantage of holding real estate in an IRA is that there are numerous rules you’ll need to be aware of to avoid losing your tax-advantaged status. Aside from that, real estate is less liquid than other assets which could make it difficult to exit an investment if you’d like to remove it from your IRA portfolio.
The IRS doesn’t allow you to hold collectibles in a self-directed IRA. Things you would not be able to hold in a self-directed IRA include fine art, antiques, certain precious metals, fine wines, or other types of alcohol, gems, and coins.
Photo credit: iStock/SrdjanPav
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.
SOIN-Q224-1854329-V1
Saving for retirement may be lower on the priority list for young adults as they deal with the right-now reality of paying rent, bills, and student loans. But the truth is, it’s never too soon to start saving for the future. The more time your money has to grow, the better. And saving even small amounts now could make a big difference later. An IRA, or individual retirement account, is one option that could help young adults start investing in their future.
There are different types of IRAs, and each has different requirements and benefits. So which IRA is best for young adults? Read on to learn about different types of IRAs, how much you can contribute, the possible tax advantages, and everything else you need to know about choosing the best IRA for young people.
First things first, what is an IRA exactly? An IRA is a retirement savings account that allows you to save for the future over the long term. It typically also has tax advantages that may help you build your savings more efficiently.
There are several types of IRAs, but the two most common are traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. The key difference between the two accounts is how they’re taxed. With a traditional IRA, you contribute pre-tax dollars. That means you take deductions on your contributions upfront, which may lower your taxable income for the year, and then pay taxes on the distributions when you take them in retirement.
With Roth IRAs, you contribute after-tax dollars. Your contributions are not tax deductible when you make them. However, you withdraw your money tax-free in retirement.
How much you can contribute to an IRA each year is determined by the IRS, and the amount generally changes annually. In 2024, those under age 50 can contribute a maximum of $7,000 to a traditional or Roth IRA. (Those 50 and up can contribute an extra $1,000 in 2024 in what’s called a catch-up contribution.) However, the contribution cannot exceed the individual’s earned income for the year. So if a child made $2,000 babysitting for the year, the most they could contribute is $2,000 to a Roth IRA that year.
1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.
When choosing the best IRA for young adults, it’s important to consider your specific situation, the eligibility requirements, and what type of tax treatment would benefit you most.
The eligibility rules are different for traditional and Roth IRAs. One thing that’s not a requirement for either type is age — an individual of virtually any age can open an IRA as long as they have earned income for the year. How much money you make is another matter. Roth IRAs have income limits, while traditional IRAs do not.
How a Roth IRA works is that your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) must be below a certain level to qualify for a Roth. In 2024, the limit on MAGI is $146,000 for those who are single. Single individuals who earn more than $146,000 but less than $161,000 can contribute a partial amount to a Roth, while those who earn more than $161,000 are not eligible to open or contribute to a Roth. For married couples who file taxes jointly, the limit in 2024 is $230,000 for a full contribution to a Roth, and between $230,000 to $240,000 for a partial contribution.
Young adults starting out in their career might be earning less than they will in the future — in fact, the average college grad salary for 2024 is projected to range from $61,000 to slightly more than $76,000, depending on the type of degree earned. So it could make sense for a young adult to open a Roth now when they may not have to worry about earning too much to qualify. In this case, a Roth might be the best IRA for young people.
Another important factor to consider when looking at which IRA is best for young adults is taxes. For those who are currently in a lower tax bracket, the upfront tax deductions with a traditional IRA may not be as beneficial. On the other hand, a Roth, with its tax-free distributions in retirement, might be worth exploring, especially if the individual expects to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement.
With a traditional IRA, your income is important in determining how much of your contributions you can deduct. Deduction limits depend on your MAGI, whether you are single or married, your tax filing status, and if you’re covered by a retirement plan at work.
For instance, if you’re single and not covered by a retirement plan from your employer, you can deduct the entire amount you contribute to a traditional IRA in 2024. But if you’re covered by a workplace retirement plan, you can only deduct the full contribution limit if your MAGI is $77,000 or less. Those who earn $87,000 or more can’t take any deductions at all.
Individuals who are married filing jointly and aren’t covered by a retirement plan at work can deduct the full amount of their traditional IRA contributions. However, if their spouse is covered by a workplace retirement plan, they can only deduct the full amount of their contribution if their combined MAGI in 2024 is $230,000 or less. If their combined MAGI is $240,000 or more, they can’t take a deduction. And if they themselves are covered by a retirement plan at work, they can deduct the full amount of their contributions only if their combined MAGI is $123,000 or less. If their combined MAGI is $143,000 or more, they can’t take a deduction.
Whether you choose a Roth or traditional IRA, the idea is to keep your money in the account without touching it until retirement, when you begin making withdrawals. In fact, both types of IRA accounts have early withdrawal penalties.
With a traditional IRA, individuals who take withdrawals before age 59 ½ will generally be subject to a 10% penalty, plus taxes. A Roth IRA typically offers more flexibility: Individuals may withdraw their contributions penalty-free at any time before age 59 ½. However, any earnings can typically only be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free once the individual reaches age 59 ½ and the account has been open for at least five years. This is known as the Roth IRA 5-year rule.
That said, there are exceptions to the IRA withdrawal rules, including:
• Death or disability of the individual who owns the account
• Qualified higher education expenses for the account owner, spouse, or a child or grandchild
• Up to $10,000 for first-time qualified homebuyers to help purchase a home
• Health insurance premiums paid while an individual is unemployed
• Unreimbursed medical expenses that are more than 7.5% of an individual’s adjusted gross income
As you explore the best IRA for young people, you’ll want to make sure that you’re getting the most out of your investing strategy to help you achieve financial security. Here are some ways to do that.
If your employer offers a 401(k), enroll in it and contribute as much as you can. If possible, aim to contribute enough to get the matching contribution, which is, essentially, “free” or extra money that can help you build your savings.
If you don’t have a workplace 401(k) — and even if you do — open an IRA as another account to help save for retirement. Contribute as much as you are able to. With an IRA, you typically have more investment options than you do with a 401(k), and you can also choose the type of IRA that could give you tax advantages.
With a 401(k), your contributions usually happen automatically. Opening an investment account for an IRA could help you do something similar. Many brokerages allow you to set up automatic repeating deposits in an IRA. This way you don’t have to even think about contributing to your account — it just happens.
When you’re deciding what assets to invest in, consider your risk tolerance. All investments come with some risk, but some types are riskier than others. In general, assets that potentially offer higher returns (like stocks) come with higher risk.
If a drop in the market is going to send your anxiety level skyrocketing, you may want to make your portfolio a little more conservative. If you’re willing to take risks, you might want to be a bit more aggressive. Either way, try to find an asset allocation that balances your tolerance for risk with the amount of risk you may need to take to help meet your investment goals.
Building a diversified portfolio across a range of asset classes — such as stocks, bonds, and REITs (real estate investment trusts), for instance — rather than concentrating all of it in one area — may help you offset some investment risk. Just be aware that diversification doesn’t eliminate risk.
Once or twice a year, review the performance of your portfolio to make sure it’s on track to help you get where you want to be in terms of your financial future.
After you open an IRA, contribute up to the annual limit if you can to help maximize your investments. If you’re not sure how to fund an IRA, you can start with a few basic techniques.
For instance, you could use your tax refund to contribute to an IRA. That way, you won’t be pulling money out of your savings or from the funds you have earmarked to pay your bills. The same is true if you get a raise or bonus at work, or if a relative gives you money for a birthday. Put those dollars into your IRA.
Another way to fund an IRA is to make small monthly contributions to it. You could start with $50 or $100 monthly. You could even set up a vault bank account specifically for money designated to your IRA so that you don’t end up spending it on something else.
Finally, when you change jobs, consider rolling over your 401(k) into an IRA (learn more about an IRA transfer vs. rollover). Once you’ve rolled the money over, you can choose how to invest it.
Young adults who are ready to begin investing should aim to get started as soon as possible. Thanks to the power of compounding returns, the longer your money has to compound, the bigger your account balance may be when you reach retirement.
When choosing an IRA, consider the tax advantages of traditional and Roth IRAs to decide which type of account may be most beneficial for your situation. Once you’ve opened an IRA, try to contribute as much as you can afford to each year, up to the annual limit.
Young adults should also think about their financial goals, at what age they plan to retire, and what their tolerance is for risk. Each of these factors can affect how they invest and what kinds of assets they invest in.
An IRA can be a great way for young adults to start saving for retirement. The earlier they start, the longer their money may have to grow, which can make a big difference over time.
In order to choose the best IRA for young people, weigh the different tax benefits of Roth and traditional IRAs. If you’re leaning toward a Roth IRA, make sure you meet the income limit requirements, and if you’re considering a traditional IRA, check to see if you can deduct your contributions.
Once you’ve chosen the right IRA for you, start contributing to it regularly if you can. And no matter how much you’re able to contribute, remember this: Getting started with retirement savings is one of the most important steps you can take to build a nest egg and help secure your financial future.
Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
There are several types of IRAs. Two of the most popular are traditional and Roth IRAs, which individuals with earned income can open and contribute to. Contributions to traditional IRAs are made with pre-tax dollars and the contributions are generally tax deductible; the money is taxed on withdrawal in retirement. Contributions to Roth IRAs are made with after tax dollars, and the money is withdrawn tax-free in retirement.
Other types of IRAs include SEP IRAs for self-employed individuals and small business owners, and SIMPLE IRAs for small businesses with 100 employees or fewer.
It depends on an individual’s specific situation, but for young adults choosing between a traditional or Roth IRA, a Roth may be the better choice for those in a low tax bracket now and who expect to be in a higher tax bracket in retirement. That’s because with a Roth, contributions are made with after tax dollars and distributions are withdrawn tax-free in retirement. With traditional IRAs, contributions are deducted upfront and you pay taxes on distributions when you retire.
Still, it’s important to weigh the different options and benefits to choose the IRA that’s best for you.
Young adults should consider their current tax bracket and the tax bracket they expect to be in during retirement when choosing an IRA. If they’re in a low tax bracket now and anticipate that they’ll be in a higher tax bracket when they retire, a Roth IRA may make more sense since distributions are withdrawn tax-free in retirement. Conversely, if they’re in a higher tax bracket now than they expect to be in retirement, a traditional IRA may be a better option.
To maximize IRA investments, young adults should start contributing money to their IRA as early as possible. The longer their money has to compound, the bigger their IRA balance may grow over time. In addition, they should contribute as much as they can to their IRA each year, up to the annual limit ($7,000 for those under 50 in 2024).
Photo credit: iStock/andresr
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.
SoFi Invest®
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
SOIN-Q224-1854721-V1
Both certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market accounts (MMAs) are types of savings accounts that tend to earn higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts. But there are some key differences between them.
An MMA allows you to withdraw money as needed (and even comes with checks or a debit card), though you may be limited to a certain number of transactions per month. With a CD, on the other hand, your money is locked up for a set period of time. In exchange for leaving your money untouched, however, CDs generally pay higher rates than MMAs.
Whether you should choose a CD or MMA will depend on your financial needs and goals. To help you make the right choice, here’s a closer look at how these two savings options compare.
Here’s a quick snapshot of the differences between money market accounts and CDs.
| Money Market Accounts | CDs | |
|---|---|---|
| Interest rates | Variable; typically lower | Fixed; typically higher |
| Liquidity | Highly liquid | Lacks liquidity (early withdrawal incurs a penalty, in most instances) |
| Minimum balance requirements | Higher than regular savings accounts | Varies by CD |
| Debit card/checks | Yes | No |
A money market account (MMA) is a type of savings account offered by banks and credit unions that provides some of the conveniences of a checking account. Like a typical savings account, you earn interest on your deposits, often at a higher rate than what you could earn in a traditional savings account. In addition, these accounts typically come with checks and/or a debit card, making it easier to access your funds.
Money market accounts may come with withdrawal limits (such as six or nine per month), however, so they aren’t designed to be used as a replacement for a checking account. MMAs also often require you to keep a certain minimum balance in order to avoid fees or earn the advertised annual percentage yield (APY).
The money you deposit in an MMA is insured up to $250,000 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), if held at an FDIC-insured bank, or by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), if held at an insured credit union. That means you can’t lose your money (up to certain limits) even if the bank were to go bankrupt or shut its doors.
Here’s a look at some advantages of opening a money market account.
• Higher interest rate: Typically, money market accounts have higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts.
• Security: Because of the FDIC and NCUA insurance, the funds in a money market account are typically insured against loss.
• Funds are liquid: You can withdraw your money when you need to (though you may be limited to a certain number of transactions per month).
• Ease of access: It’s possible to access the funds in a money market account by withdrawing cash at an ATM, doing an electronic transfer, using a debit card, and/or writing checks.
MMAs also have some disadvantages. Here are some to keep in mind.
• Better rates may be available elsewhere: You may be able to find a high-yield savings account at an online bank that offers a higher APY than an MMA at a traditional bank (with potentially fewer restrictions and/or fees).
• Minimum balance requirements: Banks often require a minimum deposit to open an MMA, as well as a minimum amount you must keep in the account in order to earn the top APY and/or or avoid a monthly maintenance fee.
• Variable interest rate: APYs on MMAs are based on market interest rates at a given time. It’s difficult to predict how the market will perform and if this interest rate will rise or fall.
• Limited growth potential: If you’re looking for long-term growth, you can potentially make more by investing your money in the market.
A certificate of deposit (CD) is a type of savings account that offers fixed interest rate that is generally higher than a traditional savings account. A CD also comes with a fixed-term length and a fixed maturity date. This means you need to leave the funds in a CD untouched for a set term, which can range anywhere from a few months to several years. Generally, the longer the CD’s term, the higher the APY, but this is not always the case.
CDs don’t charge monthly fees, but will typically have an early withdrawal penalty, and you usually can’t add any additional funds after the initial deposit.
CDs are offered by banks and credit unions: at credit unions, they are often referred to as share certificates. Like regular savings accounts, CDs are typically insured by the FDIC or NCUA, so you get your money back (up to $250,000) in the unlikely event that the bank or credit union were to go out of business.
Here’s a look at some of the advantages that come with depositing money into a CD.
• Potentially higher rates: CDs tend to offer higher APYs than regular savings accounts and money market accounts.
• Guaranteed rate of return: Because CDs typically have fixed rates for fixed terms, you know up front how much interest you will earn.
• Security: Like other types of savings accounts, CDs are insured by either the FDIC or NCUA.
• Convenience: It’s fairly easy to open a CD, since most banks and credit unions offer them.
There are also some disadvantages of CDs that you’ll want to bear in mind.
• Relatively low returns: While CDs tend to earn more than a regular savings account, investing in stocks and bonds can be a better option if you’re looking to maximize your returns over the long term (though, unlike CDs, returns are not guaranteed).
• Rates won’t go up: Because CDs come with fixed interest rates, the APY won’t go up even if market rates rise during the term of your CD (unless you open a bump-up CD).
• No liquidity: Unlike other types of savings accounts, you can’t withdraw funds as needed. To benefit from a CD, you must wait until the CD term ends before you access your cash.
• Withdrawal penalties: If you end up needing the money before the CD matures, you will likely incur an early withdrawal penalty.
MMAs and CDs have different requirements and benefits, and which one will serve you best will depend on your needs and preferences.
A money market account may be a better choice than a CD if:
• You want the option to add and withdraw money regularly. You can save money over time with a money market account. You can also withdraw the money at any time, though you may be subject to some restrictions.
• You’re building an emergency fund. A money market account can be a good place to stash your emergency fund. You can likely maintain the minimum balance requirement and can benefit from the extra interest. Should you need the money, however, you can get it right away.
• You’re saving for a large purchase. If you’re saving for a big ticket item like a car, a money market account will allow you to write a check from the account when you’ve reached your goal and it comes time to use those funds.
A CD may be a better fit than a money market account if:
• You have a longer-term savings goal. If you don’t need to use the money for a year or two, you may benefit from the higher returns offered by CD.
• You want to make sure you don’t touch the money. If you’re setting aside money for a specific future expense, like a wedding or vacation, a CD helps insure you won’t impulsively spend it on something else.
• You want some growth without risk. Unlike money invested in the market, the money you put into a CD is insured (up to certain limits) and the rate of return is guaranteed.
Recommended: How to Save Money: 33 Easy Ways
Both money market accounts and CDs offer safe ways to earn more interest on your savings than you could in a traditional savings account. While money market accounts offer more flexibility and liquidity than CDs, CDs tend to offer higher APYs.
If you won’t need the money for a set period of time (say, six months to three years), and can find a good rate on a CD, you might be better off going with a CD over an MMA. If you may need to tap the funds at some point (but you’re not sure when), an MMA allows you to earn a higher-than-average interest rate while keeping the money liquid, with the added benefit of offering checks or a debit card.
Before choosing any type of savings account, however, it generally pays to shop around and compare current APYs. You may find another savings vehicle, such as a high-yield savings account, that offers the returns you want with minimal requirement, restrictions, or fees.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
If you don’t need to access your funds for a while, a CD could be a better fit. CDs tend to offer higher interest rates than money market accounts, and the interest rate is fixed which makes the return predictable. Conversely, if you might need to draw on the funds in the near-term, an MMA may be a better route.
With both certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market accounts (MMAs), the interest you earn is considered taxable income. You will receive a Form 1099-INT from your bank at the end of the year, which you must report on your tax return.
The Interest from CDs is typically taxed in the year it is earned, even if you don’t withdraw it until the CD matures. This means you might owe taxes on interest even if you haven’t received it yet. Interest on MMAs, however, is usually credited monthly and taxed in the year it is credited.
Money market accounts and certificates of deposit (CDs) offer a low-risk way to earn a solid interest rate on your money. But they aren’t your only option. Here are some alternatives:
• High-yield savings accounts. These accounts offer higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts and provide easy access to your funds with no fixed terms.
• Treasury Securities. U.S. Treasury bills, notes, and bonds are government-backed securities that can offer competitive returns. They vary in term length and interest rate and are considered very safe investments.
• Bond Funds. These mutual funds invest in a diversified portfolio of bonds, offering potentially higher returns than money market accounts and CDs, though they come with higher risk.
Photo credit: iStock/Vanessa Nunes
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.
Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
SOBK-Q224-1885727-V1
Read more
In the financial world, you’ll often hear the terms “bull market” and “bear market” in reference to market conditions, and these terms refer to extended periods of ups and downs in the financial markets. Because market conditions directly affect investors’ portfolios, it’s important to understand their differences.
As such, knowing the basics of bull and bear markets, and potentially maintaining or adjusting your investment strategy accordingly, may help you make wiser investing decisions, or at least provide some mental clarity.
A bull market is a period of time in the financial markets where asset prices are rising, and optimism is high. A bull market is seen as a good thing for most investors because stock prices are on the upswing and the economy is booming. In other words, the market is charging ahead, and portfolios are rising in value. The designation is a bit vague, as there’s no specific amount of time or level of increase that defines a bull market.
Recommended: What Does Bullish and Bearish Mean in Investing and Crypto?
The term “bull market” has an interesting history, and was actually coined in response to the development of the term “bear market” (more on that in a minute). The short of it is that “bears” became associated with speculation. In the 1700s, “bull” was used to describe someone making a speculative investment hoping that prices would rise, and thus, itself became the mascot for upward-trending markets.
💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).
Investors and market watchers generally define a bear market as a drop of 20% or more from market highs. When investors refer to a bear market, it usually means that multiple broad market indexes, such as the Standard & Poors 500 Index (S&P 500) or Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), fell by 20% or more over at least two months.
As noted, the term “bear” has a long history. It can be traced back to an old proverb, warning that it isn’t wise to “sell the bear’s skin before one has caught the bear.” “Bear’s skin” became simply “bear” over the years, and the term started to be used to describe speculators in the markets. Those speculators were often betting or hoping that prices would decline so that they could generate returns, and from there, “bears” became associated with downward-trending markets.
The most stark and obvious difference between bull and bear markets is that one is associated with a downward-trending market, and the other, with an upward-trending market. But there are other differences as well.
For instance, bull markets tend to last longer than bear markets – although there’s no guarantee that any bull market will last longer than any particular bear market. The average bull market, for instance, lasts between six and seven years, while the average bear market lasts less than one-and-a-half years.
Typical gains and losses are lopsided between the two, as well. The average gain over the course of a bull market is almost 340%, while the average cumulative loss during bear markets is less than 40%.
|
Bull vs Bear Market: Key Differences |
|
|---|---|
| Bull Market | Bear Market |
| Upward-trending market | Downward, or declining market |
| Have an average duration of 6.6 years | Have an average duration of 1.3 years |
| Average cumulative gains amount to ~340% | Average cumulative losses amount to 38% |
Depending on the individual investor, investing can be different during different types of markets. For some people, their investing habits may not change at all – but for others, their entire strategy may shift. A lot of it has to do with your personal risk tolerance and whether you’re letting your emotions get the best of you.
You may want to think of it this way: Just like encountering a grizzly on a hike, a bear market can be terrifying. Falling stock prices likely mean that the value of your retirement account or other investment portfolios are plummeting.
Unrealized losses during a bear market can be psychologically brutal, and if your investments don’t have time to recover, they can seriously affect your life.
Assuming, that is, that those unrealized losses become realized – if an investor does nothing during a bear market, allowing the market to recover (which, historically, it always has), then they’ve effectively lost nothing.
That can be important to keep in mind because markets are cyclical, meaning that bear markets are a fact of life; they tend to occur every three to four years. But what makes them nerve-wracking is that it’s difficult to see them coming. Some signs that a bear market may be looming include a slowing economy, increasing unemployment, declining profits for corporations, and decreasing consumer confidence, among other things.
Conversely, many investors may find it psychologically easier to invest during a bull market, when assets are appreciating (generally), and they can see an immediate unrealized return in their portfolio. Again, each investor will react differently to different market conditions, but the psychological weight of prevailing markets can be heavy on many investors.
As noted, investors choose to adopt different investment strategies depending on whether we’re experiencing a bull or bear market.
During a bull market, some might suggest holding off on the urge to sell stocks even after you’ve had gains, since you could miss out on even higher prices if the bull market charges forward. However, no one knows when a peak will arrive, so this buy-and-hold strategy could lead to investors, who sell later, missing out on potential gains.
It may be a good idea to try and keep your confidence in check during a bull market, too. Because investors have seen their holdings gaining value, they might think they’re better at picking stocks than they actually are, and could feel tempted to make riskier moves.
Another common mistake is believing that the gains will continue in perpetuity; in reality, it’s often hard to predict a downswing, and stock market timing is challenging for even professional investors.
A great way to prepare for a bear market is to try and remember that the market will, at some point, see a downturn. And, accordingly, to try and be prepared for it.
One way to do so could be to make sure your assets aren’t allocated in a way that’s riskier than you’re comfortable with — for example, by being overly invested in stocks in one company, industry, or region — when times are good. In other words, make sure your portfolio contains some degree of diversification.
Buying stock during a bear market can be advantageous since investors might be getting a better deal on stocks that could rise in value once the market recovers, which is also known as buying the dip. However, there can be obvious risks associated with predicting when certain stocks will hit bottom and buying them with the expectation of future gains.
No one knows what the future holds, so there’s always a chance the price will keep plummeting. Another tactic investors might be able to use is dollar-cost averaging — which is investing a fixed amount of money over time — so that chances of buying at high or low points are spread out over time.
Recommended: The Pros and Cons of a Defensive Investment Strategy
Once the bear market arrives, investors make a common mistake: getting spooked and selling off all their stocks. But selling when prices are low means they could be likely to suffer losses and may miss the subsequent rebound.
In general, as long as investors are comfortable with their portfolio mix and are investing for the long haul, it may be a good idea to stick with your predetermined strategy, no matter what’s happening in the markets in the short-term. Again, it’s worth remembering that market cycles are normal, and the same dynamism responsible for downturns allows investors to experience gains at other times.
As discussed, bear markets are fairly common. In fact, dating back to 1929, the S&P 500 has experienced a decline of 20% or more 27 times – and the good news for investors, as of late, is that more recent bear markets have tended to be shorter in duration, and fewer and further between.
The most recent bear market was during 2022, and lasted 282 days, with a market decline of more than 25%. The market has, since then, bounced back to reach record-highs. Before that, there was a bear market in February and March 2020, when the pandemic initially hit the U.S., which saw the markets fall more than 33% – but the bear market itself lasted only 33 days.
Going back even further, there was a relatively severe bear market in the early 1970s which lasted 630 days, and saw the market decline 48%. Again, that makes more recent downturns look fairly tame in comparison.
💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.
Bull and bear markets refer to either rising or declining markets, with bear markets notable as they represent declines of at least 20% in the market. Both bull and bear markets can have psychological effects on investors, and it’s important to understand what they are to try and adjust (or stick to) your strategy, accordingly.
If you’re investing for decades down the road, once you have an investment mix that is diversified and matches your comfort with risk, it’s often wisest to leave it alone regardless of what the market is doing. It may also be a good idea to speak with a financial professional for guidance.
Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.
SOIN-Q224-1900573-V1
Read moreSee what SoFi can do for you and your finances.
Select a product below and get your rate in just minutes.