SoFi

Live in Oregon or thinking of moving there? If so, you might be interested in knowing where you stand salary-wise compared to other 49 states.

The latest figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports the average annual income for Oregonians is $66,710, That’s slightly higher than the average annual salary in the U.S. of $65,470. Of course, an individual’s yearly earnings depend on several factors, including their occupation, level of education, age, and professional experience.

Here’s a closer look at the average salary in Oregon by age, city, and county, along with some of the highest paying jobs in the Beaver State:

Average Salary in Oregon by Age in 2024

As with other states, the highest earners in Oregon fall within the 25 to 64 age range, with a salary decline around retirement time. The salary peaks tend to be commensurate with age and experience. Not surprisingly, entry-level salaries in Oregon tend to be on the lower end of the spectrum.

Recommended: U.S. Average Income by Age

Average Salary in Oregon by City in 2024

You don’t need a money tracker to tell you that the city you live in can greatly influence how much you make each year. Oregon is no different. Per ZipRecruiter, here are the average salaries in 10 Oregon cities:

•   Myrtle Point: $92,446

•   Salem: $76,125

•   Gold Beach: $74,126

•   New Hope: $70,922

•   Nesika Beach: $70,351

•   Portland: $69,904

•   Melrose: $68,811

•   Coquille: $68,534

•   Bunker Hill: $68,454

•   Eola: $67,962

Average Salary in Oregon by County in 2024

Salaries can vary per county as a result of different factors. These can include whether the county is home to a larger city, where there’s more variety in work opportunities, a need for skilled workers, and the possibility of higher pay.

According to the latest Oregon state government figures, here’s an overview of the average annual salary in select counties:

•   Morrow County: $64,067

•   Benton County: $62,757

•   Sherman County: $57,081

•   Linn County: $51,902

•   Umatilla County: $50,758

•   Douglas County: $50,220

•   Tillamook County: $49,350

•   Klamath County: $48,488

•   Curry County: $44,201

•   Wheeler County: $36,359

Examples of the Highest-Paying Jobs in Oregon

A well-paying job can allow you to live a very comfortable lifestyle in Oregon. Oregon’s top paying jobs provide a six-figure salary, and tend to be in the medical field. However, occupations in business, science, and technology also make the list of some of the biggest salaries.

According to the BLS, some of Oregon’s highest-paying jobs are:

•   Dermatologist: $481,330

•   Anesthesiologist: $444,090

•   Orthopedic surgeon: $421,790

•   CEO: $371,290

•   Obstetricians and gynecologists: $329,680

•   Psychiatrist: $287,370

•   Pediatrician: $219,110

•   Computer and Information Research Scientist: $178,790

•   Dentist: $177,440

•   Physicist: $169,720

There are other occupations in Oregon with an annual salary of $85,000 or more a year that can allow for a more flexible schedule or be done remotely, such as an art director, financial specialist, web designer, or writer. These are jobs that can easily be work-from-home situations, which can offer opportunities for introverts.

Whatever your current salary, there are always ways to maximize your earnings by monitoring your spending and setting up a budget. A budget planner app can help with both.

Recommended: 2024 Net Worth Calculator by Age with Examples

The Takeaway

Considering moving to Oregon and wondering if you can afford it? The average annual income for Oregonians is $66,710, which is slightly more than $65,470, the average annual salary in the U.S. There are many counties and towns in Oregon where making this amount of money can provide a nice quality of life, though some cities and certain regions will be more expensive. However, the state is home to many high-earning occupations, and people between the ages of 25 and 64 are in a prime spot for earning a livable salary in the Beaver State.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

What is a good average salary in Oregon?

The median household income in Oregon is $86,780 according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The size of your family, your basic expenses, and the area you live, as well as other factors, can determine how far the money can stretch.

What is the average gross salary in Oregon?

The average annual gross salary in Oregon is $66,710, which breaks down to a monthly salary of $5,559.17 and $2,565.77 biweekly. This translates to $1,282.88 weekly, $256.58 daily, and an hourly wage of $32.07. Since the median rent in Oregon is $2,228 a month, you’ll want to earn more than the median yearly salary in order to be able to cover all of your expenses and possibly have some left over for savings and entertainment.

What is the average income per person in Oregon?

The annual average personal income in Oregon is $65,426, per the latest figures from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

What is a livable wage in Oregon?

In order to make a living wage in Oregon, a single adult without children in Oregon needs to make $50,553 a year. This covers the basic cost of living, including housing, transportation, food, and medical care. For two working adults with two kids, the required income needed (before taxes) is $93,735.

Photo credit: iStock/StockRocket

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1906882-V1

The average salary across the United States sits at $63,795, per the Social Security Administration. So an income of $300,000 per year — more than four times that figure — is by most standards a great salary for a single person in 2024.

Of course, even a large amount of money can come up short if you don’t have a solid budget in place or if you lead a particularly expensive lifestyle.

Below, we’ll dive into the various considerations.

Is $300K a Good Salary?

If you’ve just been offered a job with this figure in its compensation package, you may be wondering, “Is $300,000 a good salary for a single person?”

The thing is, there’s really no one-size-fits-all answer to that question. While $300,000 per year is substantially more than most people — or even most U.S. households — make, whether or not it’s comfortable for you depends on your lifestyle choices and expectations.

Median Income in the US by State in 2024

You may be wondering how much you make compared to your neighbors. Median yearly household income varies significantly by state, ranging from Mississippi’s $52,985 to Maryland’s $98,461. However, nowhere in America does the median household income come anywhere close to $300,000 per year.

Average Cost of Living in the US by State in 2024

Just as median income varies significantly depending on which state you’re in, so does the state-by-state cost of living. This means that $300,000 can go a lot further in, say, Arkansas than it would in California.

While these figures are just averages — and the state-wide cost of living can vary substantially depending on which city you live in — here’s the average cost of living in each of the 50 states:

How to Live on $300K a Year

No matter what you earn, figuring out how to spend (and save) your money takes effort and planning. Although it may seem like, with a six-figure salary, you can just buy whatever you want, if you don’t take the time to lay out how much money you’re actually taking home each month — and how much needs to be set aside for regular, necessary expenses like housing, insurance, food, and utility bills — you could quickly find yourself eating into your savings or even spiraling into credit card debt.

A money tracker is a great way to get a bird’s-eye view of where your funds are really going. This can be a first step toward deciding where you want them to go, rather than letting them whisk themselves away.

How to Budget for a $300K Salary

Whether you’re earning an entry-level salary or sitting in the C-suite, a little bit of budgeting can go a long way. But how?

The first step in budgeting is to determine how much money you make each month, which, in the case of someone earning a $300,000 salary, is about $25,000 before taxes are taken out. Because state taxes can vary significantly, you’ll need to look at your own pay stubs or do the math to determine how much is left afterwards, also known as your “net” income.

Once you know your net income, you can begin to deduct your regular, expected expenses. These include your housing payment (like rent or a mortgage), insurance payments, utility bills, and other recurring regular expenses (like your Netflix subscription). You should also set aside a budget for required monthly expenses that may vary a bit but are still critical, like groceries and fuel, or transportation.

Now, you can subtract your monthly expenses from your monthly earnings to determine how much discretionary income you have to do with what you please, including setting aside at least some of it for savings.

Sounds like too much work to do this all on paper? Fortunately, there are plenty of budget planner apps that can make the process a breeze.

Maximizing a $300K Salary

Just because you earn a lot doesn’t mean you have to spend a lot. And if you’re careful with your over-average salary, you can save money for the future and help safeguard your lifestyle for the long run.

For example, if you saved just 10% of your $300,000 per year salary, that would be $30,000 per year into your emergency fund or investment account. Especially if you choose to invest it, that amount can really add up over a relatively short amount of time — increasing your overall net worth and potentially even giving you the opportunity to retire early!

Quality of Life with a $300K Salary

Because a $300,000 per year salary is so much higher than the average cost of living in most states, most people who earn this much will find themselves able to afford a very comfortable, high quality of living anywhere.

Of course, the money can still go further in some places than others. For instance, on $300,000, you might be able to afford a small mansion in Mississippi — or an 800-square-foot apartment in Manhattan.

Is $300,000 a Year Considered Rich?

Given that the average salary in the U.S. is about 21% of $300,000, yes, many would consider someone earning $300,000 per year by themselves to be rich.

However, in most states, you’d need to make substantially more than $300,000 per year to be in the top 1% of earners. The states where you’d come closest are West Virginia and Mississippi, where the top 1% earn at least $367,582 and $381,919 per year, respectively.

Is $300K a Year Considered Middle Class?

The amount of money you’d need to earn to be considered middle class varies depending on where you live. But according to the Pew Research Center, it’s between about $47,189 and $141,568 per year on average. Which is to say, no, $300,000 per year is not considered middle class in the vast majority of cities and scenarios.

Example Jobs that Make About $300,000 a Year

Don’t make $300,000 per year (yet), and curious about how to make the dream a reality?

You might consider opening your heart to cardiology, which, according to data compiled by SoFi, offers an average salary of $421,330 per year. Medical positions feature prominently among the top-paying jobs, with surgeons, radiologists, dermatologists, emergency medicine physicians, and anesthesiologists all earning more than $300,000 per year.

The Takeaway

A salary of $300,000 is substantially higher than the national average and certainly a “good” salary for a single person in 2024 by most peoples’ reckoning. That said, no matter how much you earn, bad financial habits can bite you in the long run, so don’t forget about your budget.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can I live comfortably making $300K a year?

While everyone’s standard of comfort is individual, given how much higher $300,000 per year is than the average U.S. salary, yes, most people would be able to live comfortably on $300,000 per year. Even for high earners, however, having a budget is important. Making a plan for your money helps ensure you know exactly where each dollar is going rather than watching them fly away on their own.

What can I afford with a $300K salary?

With a $300,000 salary, you could afford a lot of things, including, depending on your overall applicant profile, a home priced close to a million dollars. With a high salary and the opportunity to save up money, you could likely afford luxurious vacations or high-end toys and gadgets, too. Again, though, a higher-than-average salary doesn’t preclude you from overspending or going into debt, so be sure to make a budget that accounts for all your necessary and discretionary expenses.

How much is $300K a year hourly?

For those who work 40-hour weeks 50 weeks out of the year, a $300,000 salary comes out to an hourly rate of around $150.

How much is $300K a year monthly?

A salary of $300,000 per year, divided by 12 months, comes out to roughly $25,000 per month.

How much is $300K a year daily?

A gross annual income of $300,000 per year, divided by 365 days, comes out to about $821.92 per day. Of course, most people don’t work every single day of the year. As an estimate for the normal five-day work week, accounting for weekends and typical American public holidays, an employee might work about 250 days per year, in which case a $300,000 salary comes out to approximately $1,200 per day.

Photo credit: iStock/Dusan Atlagic

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1906698-V1

By most definitions, an annual salary of $90,000 is considered good. In fact, it’s quite a bit higher than the average salary nationwide, which is $63,795, according to the Social Security Administration. If you’re a single person and only supporting yourself, that income should allow you to cover the necessities with enough left over for saving and entertainment.

But just how far your money goes depends largely on factors like your spending habits, your financial obligations, and the cost of living in your area. If you earn $90,000 and live in San Francisco or New York, two of the priciest cities in the country, you may find yourself pinching pennies or living paycheck to paycheck. On the other hand, if you settle down in a more affordable location, such as Winston-Salem, NC, you should find you can live a more comfortable life on a $90,000 salary.

Is $90K a Good Salary?

While $90,000 a year is generally considered a good salary for a single person, whether that’s the case for you depends on your spending habits and financial situation. For example, if you have a lot of debt or live in a pricey area, you may find it more of a challenge to get by on that salary.

One good way to think about your salary is to look at where your money is currently going. Using a money tracker or other type of tool, make a list of your recurring expenses and see if your income is able to keep up. If it is, then that is a good sign that you are making a satisfactory salary for your situation.

Recommended: U.S. Average Income by Age

Median Income in the US by State in 2024

There are different ways to think about a $90,000 salary. You can compare it to the average salary in the U.S. which as we mentioned earlier is $63,795. Or see how it stacks up against the median national salary, which was $59,384 in Q4 2023, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). In both cases, $90,000 far exceeds what a typical American worker earns in a year.

But how does that salary compare to what a typical household earns in a year? The answer varies widely by state, as the U.S. Census Bureau data below shows. For instance, Maryland has the highest median annual salary at $98,461 and Mississippi has the lowest, at $52,985 per year.

Average Cost of Living in the US by State in 2024

The cost of living in your area can heavily impact how well you’re able to live on your income. While high salaries and high costs of living tend to go together, there is not always a perfect correlation. A cost of living calculator can help you determine the expenses where you’re living now and where you might consider moving in the future.

In addition, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis compiles a list of how much residents in each state spend on necessities like housing, utilities, food, and health care. That information, found in the chart below, can also be useful.

How to Budget for a $90K Salary

While $90,000 can provide a good life for a single person, it’s still a smart idea to create a budget you’ll be able to follow. After all, no matter how high your income is, you can usually find things to spend it on. And without a budget, it can be easy to spend what you have mindlessly.

There are several ways to approach budgeting. One, the 50/30/20 budgeting method, is straightforward: Simply earmark 50% of your paycheck for necessities (such as housing, transportation, and food); 30% for wants (such as meals out and travel); and 20% for saving and paying down debt.

If you need help getting started, tools like a budget planner app can guide you through creating a budget, tracking spending, and even monitoring your credit.

Maximizing a $90K Salary

You may not be pinching pennies if you’re earning $90K a year, but you’re likely interested in getting the most out of your income. Here are some ideas to explore:

•   Build up an emergency fund. Your rainy-day fund should have enough to cover three to six months’ worth of expenses.

•   Pay down debt. Once your emergency fund is well established, turn your focus to paying off revolving debt.

•   Invest in your future. Have a 401(k) retirement plan through your employer? Check your budget and see if you can afford to ramp up your monthly contributions.

Quality of Life with a $90K Salary

Because a $90,000 annual salary is higher than the average salary in the United States — and a generous entry-level salary for most fields — chances are you can have a good quality of life if you make that much money.

However, everyone’s financial situation is unique, and as mentioned above, different areas of the U.S. have higher or lower cost of living. Your quality of life with a $90K salary is likely to be higher in a state with a lower cost of living, like Iowa or Kentucky, than it is in a state with a high cost of living, such as California or Massachusetts.

Is $90,000 a Year Considered Rich?

There are many definitions for what constitutes being “rich.” Depending on yours, a single person who lives in an area with a low cost of living and earns $90,000 a year might be considered well-off. But it’s worth noting that many definitions of rich typically focus on your total assets rather than your annual salary.

In that case, it may make sense to calculate your net worth, which just involves subtracting your outstanding debts or liabilities from the value of your combined assets. If your assets are worth more than your liabilities, your net worth is positive. If your liabilities are greater than your assets, your net worth is negative.

Recommended: Net Worth Calculator by Age

Is $90K a Year Considered Middle Class?

Depending on where you live and your household size, you may be classified as middle class. According to the Pew Research Center, a middle-class household has an income between $47,189 and $141,568. A $90,000 salary is well within that range.

Example Jobs that Make About a $90,000 Salary

Salaries can vary dramatically depending on the level of experience and the area of the country you live in. With that in mind, here are some jobs that pay around $90,000 per year, according to the BLS:

•   Registered nurse: $94,480

•   Web developer: $92,750

•   Psychologist: $92,740

•   Agricultural engineer: $88,750

•   Dental hygienist: $87,530

If you’re looking for more inspiration, you can also look at lists of the highest-paying jobs by state.

Recommended: 30 Best Jobs for Introverts

The Takeaway

While it’s not quite a six-figure salary, $90,000 for a single person is still higher than the average annual salary in the United States. Because of this, it can generally be considered a good salary for someone who is supporting only themself.

However, your cost of living and your overall financial situation will play a big role in determining your quality of life on a $90K salary. No matter what your salary, a smart first step in establishing a solid financial footing is to create and stick to a budget.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can I live comfortably making $90K a year?

Whether you can live comfortably making $90K a year will depend on a number of factors, including your local cost of living, financial obligations, and spending habits. That said, a single person with little to no debt who lives in an affordable area can likely be comfortable with such a salary.

What can I afford with a $90K salary?

While $90K is not quite a six-figure salary, it is close. As such, most single people with a $90K salary should be able to afford all of their necessities, along with some extras including saving for retirement.

How much is $90K a year hourly?

A $90,000 annual salary works out to around $43.27 an hour.

How much is $90K a year monthly?

If you earn $90K a year, your monthly income is roughly $7,500.

How much is $90K a year daily?

A $90,000 salary breaks down to approximately $375 per working day.

Photo credit: iStock/alvarez

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SORL-Q224-1906652-V1

Bank reserves refer to the amount of funds a financial institution must have on-hand at any given time. These reserves are a percentage of its total deposits set aside to fulfill withdrawal requests, and comply with regulations and can also provide a layer of trust for account holders.

Bank reserves act as assurance to depositors that there is always a certain amount of cash on deposit, so the scenario mentioned above doesn’t happen. No one wants to ever withdraw some cash and be left empty-handed. As a consumer with a bank account, it can be important to understand the role bank reserves play in the financial system and the economy.

What Are Bank Reserves?

Bank reserves are the minimum deposits held by a financial institution. The central bank of each country decides what these minimum amounts must be. For example, in the United States, the Federal Reserve determines all bank reserve requirements for U.S. financial institutions. In India, as you might guess, the Reserve Bank of India determines the bank reserves for that country’s financial institutions.

The bank reserve requirements are in place to ensure the financial institution has enough cash to meet financial obligations such as consumer withdrawals. It also ensures that financial institutions can weather historical market volatility (that is, economic ups and downs).

Bank reserve requirements are typically a percentage of the total bank deposit amounts determined by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Financial institutions can hold their cash reserves in a vault on their property, with the regional Federal Reserve Bank, or a combination of both. This way, the financial insulation will have enough accessible funds to support their operational needs while letting the remaining reserves earn interest at a Federal Reserve Bank.

💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.

How Do Bank Reserves Work?

Bank reserves work to ensure that a certain amount of cash, or percentage of overall deposits, is kept in a financial institution’s vault.

Suppose you need to withdraw $5,000 to purchase a new car. You understand savings account withdrawal limits at your bank and the amount you need is within the guidelines, so you head to your local branch. When you arrive, you’re told they don’t have enough money in their vault to meet your request.

This is what life could be like without bank reserves. The thought of not being able to withdraw your own money might be upsetting, worrisome, and deeply inconvenient. To prevent this kind of situation is exactly why banks must have a certain percentage of cash on hand.

In addition to ensuring consumers have access to their money, bank reserves may also aid in keeping the economy functioning efficiently. For example, suppose a bank has $10 million in deposits, and the Federal Reserve requires 3% liquidity. In this case, the bank will need to keep $300,000 in its vault, but it can lend the remaining $9.7 million to other consumers via loans or mortgages. Consumers can use this money to buy homes and cars or even send their children to college. The interest on those loans is a way that the bank earns money and stays in business.

Bank reserves are vital in helping the economy control money supply, interest rates, and the implementation of what is known as monetary policy. When the reserve requirements change, it says a lot about the economy’s direction. For example, when reserve requirements are low, banks have more opportunity to lend since more capital is at their disposal. Thus, when the money supply is plentiful, interest rates decrease. Conversely, when reserve requirements are high, less money circulates, and interest rates rise.

During inflationary periods, the Federal Reserve may increase reserved requirements to ensure the economy doesn’t combust. Essentially, by decreasing the money supply and increasing interest rates, it can slow down the rate of investments.

Recommended: Understanding Fractional Reserve Banking

Types of Bank Reserves

There are two types of bank reserves: required reserves and excess reserves. The required reserves are the percentage of deposits the institution must have in cash holdings and deposit balances to abide by the regulations of the Federal Reserve. Excess reserves are the amount over the required reserve amount that the institution holds.

Excess reserves can provide a larger safety net for the financial institution and enhance liquidity. It can also contribute to a higher credit rating for institutions. On the other hand, excess reserves can also result in losing the opportunity to invest the funds to yield higher returns. In other words, since the extra money is sitting in cash, it will not generate the same returns it might yield by lending or investing in the market.

Recommended: What Is Quantitative Easing?

History of Bank Reserves

Reserve requirements first came about in 1863 during the passing of the National Bank Act. This act intended to create a national banking system and currency so money could flow easily throughout the country. At this time, banks had to hold at least 25% reserves of both loans and deposits. Bank reserves were necessary to ensure financial institutions had liquidity and money could continue circulating freely throughout the nation.

But despite the efforts to establish a robust banking system, banking troubles continued. After the panic of 1907, the government intervened, and in 1913, Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act to address banking turmoil. The central bank was created to balance competing interests and foster a healthy banking system.

Initially, the Federal Reserve acted as a last resort and a liquidity grantor when the banks faced trouble. During the 1920s, the Federal Reserve’s role expanded to playing a proactive role in the economy by influencing the credit conditions of the nation.

After the Great Depression, a landmark in the history of U.S. recessions and depressions, the Banking Act of 1935 was passed to reform the structure of the Federal Reserve once again. As part of this act, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) was born to oversee all monetary policy.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

How the 2008 Crisis Impacted Bank Reserves

Prior to the global financial crisis of 2008, financial institutions didn’t earn interest on excess reserves held at a Federal Reserve Bank. However, after October 2008, the Federal Reserve was granted the right to pay interest to banks with excess reserves. This encourages banks to keep more of their reserves. The Board of Governors establishes the interest on reserve balances (IORB rate). As of July 2024, the IORB was 5.4%.

Then, after the recession subsided in 2009, the Federal Reserve turned its attention to reform to avoid similar economic disasters in the future.

Recommended: Federal Reserve Interest Rates, Explained

How Much Money Do Banks Need to Keep in Reserve?

Reserve requirements vary depending on the size of the financial institution. As of July 2024, reserve requirements are 0%, where they’ve been since early 2020 and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prior to this revision, banks with between $16.9 to $127.5 million in deposits were required to have 3% in reserves, whereas banks over this amount had to have at least 10% in bank reserves.

Recommended: Investing During a Recession

What Is Liquidity Cover Ratio (LCR)?

Bank reserve requirements aside, financial institutions want to ensure they have enough liquidity to satisfy the short-term financial obligations if an economic crisis occurs. This way, they know they will be able to weather a crisis and not face complete bankruptcy. Therefore, financial institutions use the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) to prevent financial devastation resulting from a crisis.

The LCR helps financial institutions decide how much money they should have based on their assets and liabilities. To calculate the LCR, banks use the following formula:

(Liquid Assets / Total Cash Outflows) X 100 = LCR

Liquid assets can include cash and liquid assets that convert to cash within five business days. Cash flows include interbank loans, deposits, and 90-day maturity bonds.

The minimum LCR should be 100% or 1:1, though this can be hard to achieve. If the LCR is noticeably lower than this amount, the bank may have liquidity concerns and put the bank’s assets at risk.

The Takeaway

Financial institutions must have a certain amount of cash on hand, referred to as bank reserves. These assets are usually kept in a vault on the bank’s property or with a regional Federal Reserve Bank. These cash reserves ensure financial institutions can support consumer withdrawals and withstand a financial crisis.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Are bank reserves assets or liabilities?

Bank reserves are considered an asset since they’re an item the bank owns. Other bank assets can include loans and securities.

How are bank reserves calculated?

Bank reserve requirements are calculated as a percentage of the institution’s deposits. So, if the reserve requirement is 3% for banks with $10 million in deposits, the bank would have to hold $300,000 in its reserves.

Where do banks keep their reserves?

Financial institutions usually keep a certain amount of their cash reserves in a vault to meet operational needs. The remaining amount may be kept at Federal Reserve Banks so the balance can generate interest.

Photo credit: iStock/Diy13

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

SOBK-Q224-1945721-V1