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The economy is in a volatile place as of early 2025. Because of economic uncertainty, some companies have resorted to pay cuts to help cut costs. For the workers affected, it likely means scouring their budgets to trim some of their expenses. Taking a pay cut means facing the reality of no longer living the same financial life.

If you’ve just taken a pay cut — or you’re worried that you might soon be facing one — here are four strategies to handle your finances after your salary is reduced.

1. Update Your Budget

First and foremost, create a budget if you don’t already have one. There are many options, including the popular 50/30/20 budget rule, which allocates 50% of your take-home pay to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings or additional debt payments.

Whichever of the different types of budgets you choose, you’ll likely need to list all your expenses for weekly purchases, from groceries to gasoline and parking fees. Add monthly bills, including rent or mortgage, car loan, streaming services or cable, cellphone, utility bills, credit cards, student loans, and any other debt such as personal loans.

Next, examine all your expenses to see which ones you can lower or eliminate for the next six months. Add your income and include part-time jobs or side hustles, tax refunds, bonuses, and any child support or alimony. This will help you determine how much money you can spend for necessities, expenses, entertainment, and other things such as doctor visits.

In addition to a budget, create a plan for both short-term financial goals and long-term goals. A plan will help you determine when you can pay off any loans and how much you want to save for something like a down payment on a house.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Calculator

2. Track Your Spending

You could use a free money tracking app that can help you keep tabs on your spending and help manage your debt. To track your spending, decide if you want to track it daily, weekly, or biweekly. You might try different time periods before you decide on one.

After you track your spending for a couple of months, you’ll see a pattern emerge that indicates where most of your money goes. You’ll also be able to gauge the impact a pay cut has had on your finances. Are you overall in good shape but no longer able to apply additional payments to a loan’s principal? Or are you now living paycheck to paycheck? The answer can help guide your next steps.

3. Cut Expenses

The next step should help keep more money available in your bank account for necessities: trimming how much money goes to the “wants” in life. One place many consumers can cut costs is from entertainment, such as their streaming services. These can really add up. Canceling all or some of these services can improve your cash flow, which is how much money you have left over at the end of the month.

Another place where you can slash expenses is from your food budget. Consider using digital coupons, shopping at warehouse clubs, or going out to eat for lunch instead of dinner to save money on food.

Your expenses include debt such as credit cards, student loans, and personal loans. Paying more than the minimum balance, refinancing to a lower interest rate. and making extra payments can help you pay down the loan sooner.

Consider refinancing your student loans by checking out both fixed and variable rates. Interest rates are at historic lows. You might be able to pay down your credit card bills faster by taking out a personal loan; those interest rates are often lower. And if that’s the case, the debt could be paid sooner.

Automating your finances can make your life easier. This will also help you avoid paying late fees. You can either have your bills paid automatically through your checking account or set yourself a reminder on your calendar if you have some bills such as utilities that are a different amount each month.

You can also automate your savings. You can have money taken out of your checking or savings account each month and have it automatically invested into your workplace 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account (IRA).

In addition, you could consider opening an online bank account with a high-yield APY. That way, your savings could earn money for you as it’s sitting in your account.

Ways to Save

When your salary has been slashed, there are several ways you can save money immediately and long term.

•  Call your mortgage, auto loan, utilities, credit card, and student loan companies to see if you can defer loan payments for several months. Skipping a few payments can help you get back on your feet sooner. If the company cannot provide this option, see if the interest rate can be lowered on, say, credit cards.

•  Check with your local nonprofit organizations. Many provide food or partial payments for utility bills. Look online to see if stores are offering deals. Stock up on staples such as beans, rice, and pasta if they are on sale.

•  If you are still short of money, you might consider talking to family members and friends about obtaining a short-term loan.

•  Now might be the time to use credit card rewards for cash, food, or gift cards. People who have been saving credit card rewards for a vacation might want to go ahead and use them now. Some credit card companies will let you transfer the rewards for cash to your statement or use them for food delivery.

•  Other companies let you use your rewards to receive gift cards. Using these gift cards at retailers that sell staples and necessities such as food, detergent, and other personal items can help you spend less money.

•  Many credit cards will give cash back on purchases such as food and gasoline. See which credit cards are the most beneficial for your financial needs before signing up for a brand-new credit card.

•  Another way to save money is to use cash for gasoline. Some gas stations offer a cheaper price for consumers who use cash. The savings can add up quickly, especially if you have a longer commute.

•  Finally, each month, look for other ways you can save money. If your credit card company denied your request last month to lower your interest rate, try calling again. Rules can change often.

4. Save for Retirement

While you could skip saving for retirement, it’s ideal to continue socking away some money (even if it’s less than previously) each month from your paycheck into a 401(k) plan or IRA. The money you stash away for retirement can lower your taxable income, meaning you’ll owe the IRS less.

Continuing to save money for retirement is a good habit, especially if your salary reduction is temporary. Once you stop contributing to a retirement account, it can be difficult to catch up on your retirement savings. If you have your retirement contribution automatically deducted from your checking or savings account, saving for your future is easier.

The Takeaway

While it can be difficult to navigate a pay cut, creating a budget, tracking your spending, shopping for deals, and cutting expenses can help you save and get through a tough time. These moves can help you stay afloat during a challenging financial period. In addition, opening a new bank account with low or no fees and favorable interest rates could help you maximize your money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How to survive taking a pay cut?

If you’ve experienced a pay cut, smart moves to survive include creating or updating a budget, tracking your spending, shopping for deals, and reducing expenses.

How to budget after a pay cut?

After a pay cut, take a fresh look at your budget. Review and trim expenses, prioritize debt payments, and consider using credit card rewards to fund essentials. It can be wise to funnel a small amount of money into an emergency fund to provide a cushion.

Is it ever wise to take a pay cut?

Yes, it could be wise to take a pay cut for an opportunity to work in an industry or company you have set your sights on. Or, if you are working at a job and pay cuts happen, accepting that situation could allow you to maintain cash flow and benefits while you wait to see if your pay goes back up or you find another job.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q225-022

Many people are back into the full-time commuting groove again and finding that it can be a major cost. And by cost, it can mean the impact it has on both money and mood.

Some people spend 30 minutes commuting each way; others two or three times that. Some get on an express train while others drive their own car and deal with traffic woes and gas prices.

One way to lessen the burden of commuting (beyond listening to terrific podcasts while en route) is to lower the cost. Here, learn smart ways to do just that.

How Much Does It Cost To Commute?

Commuting to work is a major portion of all driving in the United States. Whether you commute by car daily or just two or three times a week, gas can certainly set you back. But a hidden cost of driving is depreciation, a car’s loss in value over time. Indeed, depreciation is actually the largest annual cost of car ownership, according to AAA.Add to that increased maintenance and repair costs of cars as they age and are driven more frequently.

For 2024, AAA pegged the average cost of car ownership per mile at 82 cents (assuming you drive 15,000 miles per year). That number includes depreciation, finance, fuel, insurance, license/registration/taxes, and maintenance/repairs. At that rate, the cost of driving 15 miles to work and back (30 miles round trip), comes in at $24.60 per day, not including tolls. If you commute daily, you may be spending around $123 a week or $482 a month just to get to and from your place of work (again, not including tolls).

Here’s a look at some ways to reduce the heavy cost of commuting.

1. Aiming for a “Remote First” Culture

Working remotely part- or full-time is a surefire way to cut commuting time and costs. The easiest way to maximize working from home is to find a job at a company where it’s standard. This option has become popular since the pandemic.

If your work makes it possible to work from home sometimes, you may want to try to make it a regular occurrence. That way you can more easily optimize your time spent in the office and save tasks best for home for the day you regularly work from home.

If you work from home regularly, it also means you can get better at it, from setting up a home office that truly works to figuring out how working at home can make you more productive than working in the office, not merely save you the time and money of a long commute — although that’s important, too.

Of course, the easiest way to save money commuting to work is not to do it at all. This not only spares the cost of gas, maintenance, subway tickets, or bus fare, but it also saves precious time.

The money that would have been spent on a commute to work can be put into a high-yield savings account to help you reach your savings goals faster.

2. Living Closer to the Job

One of the most obvious ways to reduce commute time is to make it so your car is less expensive.

There are roughly two ways to do this: Drive less or drive less expensively.

The easiest way to drive less is to live closer to work. While that may save money on gas and maintenance, it could end up being more expensive to live closer to work, especially in a large city.

One of the main amenities people seek when deciding where to live is distance from their job. If you work near where a lot of other people work, trying to live near that job is likely to be pricey as the cost of living may be higher.

So how to make driving less expensive if you can’t reduce the amount of driving necessary to get work? Get someone else to drive, at least some of the time, or drive cheaply (more on both options below).

💡 Quick Tip: Typically, checking accounts don’t earn interest. However, some accounts do, and online banks are more likely than brick-and-mortar banks to offer you the best rates.

3. Giving Carpooling a Spin

Carpooling means a shared ride to and from work, typically with someone who works in the same area or nearby.

Carpooling doesn’t magically get rid of the costs of commuting to work, but it can distribute them among riders or reduce them. Gas costs can be split, and maintenance costs can be reduced as the car is operated less frequently.

Even if you’re the one driving, you can often get access to high-occupancy-vehicle lanes, which means less time on the road and less time stalled in traffic.

4. Getting a Cheaper Car

Let’s say you have no choice about how far you have to drive and how frequently you have to do it. That may be a bummer, but it doesn’t mean you’re out of options for saving money. Some cars are cheaper to operate than others, and there are wide variations between them. Generally, smaller is better.

For new cars, according to AAA, a small sedan is the cheapest to own, costing $54.24 per mile, even less than hybrids (66.07 cents) and electric (84.69 cents) vehicles.

More numbers to know: the costs for subcompact SUVs (67.51 cents per mile) and medium sedans (70.38 cents per mile).

There are, of course, other ways to get around besides a car.

Recommended: Savings Calculator

5. Taking Public Transportation

About 3% of commuters are straphangers, bus riders, and other public transit users, according to the most recent U.S. Census data. While a mass-transit commute to work is not costless, it can certainly save money on a per-trip basis.

If you own a car, using mass transit (or driving to a transit stop) won’t spare you from insurance, the cost of a new car, or depreciation, but the costs of car ownership associated with actual driving (gas, maintenance, etc.) will go down.

The only downside is that the ability to commute to work by public transit is often largely determined by locale. Someone who works in an area with a public transit system that serves the office can choose to live somewhere with efficient access to that system.

This will likely be in or near a large city, where the share of commuters who use public transit is far higher than the 3% national average. If you work in a city like New York, Chicago, Washington, Boston, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, or Baltimore, public transit might be an efficient commuting option.

And although public transit may not entirely remove the need for a car, it could make it so a household with two adults only needs a single car, vastly reducing the cost of car ownership.

Finally, some companies offer commuter benefits, such as pretax income to be spent on costs related to the commute.

6. Doing the Legwork

Often the most affordable way to get to work is without using a car or public transportation; that means by foot, bicycle, or some other non-internal-combustion vehicle.

Biking may be impractical or stressful in many parts of the country. Still, some commuters may be up for the challenge. Cycling provides an aerobic workout and can trigger the release of endorphins, build muscle, and increase bone density.

Rolling road warriors may want to invest in a variety of gear to enhance safety and comfort. That can add to the cost, but these expenses will likely pale compared to car-related bills.

Recommended: Reasons to Switch Bank Accounts

7. Tracking Expenses

To reduce costs, commuters have to first get a handle on their spending, whether for gas, maintenance, or mass transit — or even coffees, snacks, and lunches on the job. Creating a budget and accounting for where your money goes is an important step.

Once you see where your money is going (and exactly how much you are spending on commuting) each month, you can then make informed decisions about where you want your money to go. You may find easy places to cut back, such as brewing coffee at home or walking to the train station instead of driving and paying for parking.

Any money you free up can then get siphoned off into a savings account earmarked for a future — and fun — goal, like going on vacation or making a down payment on a home.

The Takeaway

By better understanding the cost of commuting, you can make wise decisions about lowering your costs and saving money on this often-daily expense. From working from home when possible to carpooling and beyond, there are ways to keep your costs down.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q225-035

A death benefit is a lump sum payment beneficiaries receive when the owner of a life insurance policy dies. Here are a few other things you should know.

Life insurance terms can be confusing when you first come across them, so learning the language of life insurance can help when you’re thinking about or shopping for a policy.

You may know that for many people, life insurance is important to have, and perhaps you’ve started some initial research into life insurance policies.

Learning common life insurance definitions can help you make an informed decision when looking into coverage options.

Life Insurance Terms

Discover life insurance definitions, simplified.

Accidental Death Benefit

If a life insurance policy includes an accidental death benefit, the cause of death will be examined to determine whether the insured’s death meets the policy’s definition of accidental. This is often a rider, or additional benefit for an additional fee, attached to the policy. An example of an accidental death could be one caused by a car crash, slip, or machinery.

Annuity

This is a contract in which the buyer deposits money with a life insurance company for investment on a tax-deferred basis. Annuities are designed to help protect the contract holder from the risk of outliving their income.

An annuity may include a death benefit that will pay the beneficiary a specified minimum amount.

Beneficiary

This is the person or entity designated to receive the death benefit from a life insurance policy or annuity contract.

Contestable Period

For up to two years, a life insurance company may deny payment of a claim to beneficiaries because of suicide or misrepresentation on an application — for example, if the insured was listed as a nonsmoker but smoked often and died of complications related to that.

Death Benefit

This term refers to the amount that will be paid to the beneficiary upon the death of the insured. The phrase “death benefit” is common life insurance terminology you’ll see in a life insurance policy.

Evidence of Insurability

In order for you to qualify for a particular policy at a particular price, companies have the right to ask for information about your health and lifestyle. An insurance company will use this information when deciding on approval and rate. If you are overweight, a smoker, or have a history of health problems, your policy will likely cost more than someone without those issues.

Free Examination Period

Also known as the “free look period,” this is a 10- to 30-day window during which you can cancel your new policy without penalty and get a refund of premiums.

Group Life Insurance

This provides coverage to a group of people under one contract. Group contracts are often sold to businesses that want to provide life insurance for their employees. Group life insurance can also be sold to associations to cover their members.

Insured

This is the person whose life is insured by the policy. The insured may also be the policyholder.

Permanent Life Insurance

These kinds of policies can provide lifelong coverage and the opportunity to build cash value, which accumulates tax-deferred. Whole life and universal life insurance policies fall under this umbrella term. Permanent life insurance is more expensive and complicated than term life insurance.

Policy

This is the official, legal document that includes the terms of the policy owner’s insurance. The policy will name the insured, the policy owner, the death benefit, and the beneficiary.

Policyholder

The person who owns the life insurance policy. It can be the person who is insured by the policy.

Premium

The payment the customer makes to the insurance company to pay for the policy. It may be paid annually, semiannually, quarterly, or monthly.

Term Life Insurance

This type of life insurance offers coverage for a set number of years, or “term,” of the insured’s life, commonly 20 or 30 years. If the insured individual dies during the years of coverage, a death benefit will be paid to the beneficiaries. Term life insurance costs less than permanent life insurance.

Recommended: 8 Popular Types of Life Insurance for Any Age

Underwriting

Often viewed as a mysterious process, underwriting is simply when factors are evaluated relating to the applicant’s current health, medical history, lifestyle habits, hobbies, occupation, and financial profile to determine eligibility for coverage as well as what the appropriate premiums should be.

Universal Life Insurance

With this kind of permanent life insurance, policyholders may be able to adjust their premium payments and death benefits. The cash value gains vary depending on the type of universal life insurance policy purchased.

Variable Life Insurance

With variable life, another type of permanent life insurance, the death benefit and the cash value fluctuate according to the investment performance of a separate account fund.

Earnings accumulate tax-deferred. Fees and expenses can reduce the portion of premiums that go toward the cash value.

Whole Life Insurance

Whole life is another type of permanent cash value insurance. The premiums, rate of return on cash value, and death benefit are fixed and guaranteed. The cash value component grows tax-deferred. Whole life tends to be more expensive than other types of permanent insurance.

Recommended: Term vs. Whole Life Insurance

The Takeaway

Life insurance can be an important way to protect your loved ones’ financial future in the event of your death. While its terms can be a mouthful, they don’t have to be confusing. Understanding the definitions of life insurance can help you put a plan in place to protect your family.

SoFi has partnered with Ladder to offer competitive term life insurance policies that are quick to set up and easy to understand. Apply in just minutes and get an instant decision. As your circumstances change, you can update or cancel your policy with no fees and no hassles.

Photo credit: iStock/mapodile

Coverage and pricing is subject to eligibility and underwriting criteria.
Ladder Insurance Services, LLC (CA license # OK22568; AR license # 3000140372) distributes term life insurance products issued by multiple insurers- for further details see ladderlife.com. All insurance products are governed by the terms set forth in the applicable insurance policy. Each insurer has financial responsibility for its own products.
Ladder, SoFi and SoFi Agency are separate, independent entities and are not responsible for the financial condition, business, or legal obligations of the other, SoFi Technologies, Inc. (SoFi) and SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC (SoFi Agency) do not issue, underwrite insurance or pay claims under LadderlifeTM policies. SoFi is compensated by Ladder for each issued term life policy.
Ladder offers coverage to people who are between the ages of 20 and 60 as of their nearest birthday. Your current age plus the term length cannot exceed 70 years.
All services from Ladder Insurance Services, LLC are their own. Once you reach Ladder, SoFi is not involved and has no control over the products or services involved. The Ladder service is limited to documents and does not provide legal advice. Individual circumstances are unique and using documents provided is not a substitute for obtaining legal advice.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPRO-Q225-001

Employee stock options (ESOs) may be included in an employee’s compensation package, as a way of giving an employee the opportunity to buy stock in the company at a certain price — and as an incentive to stay with the company for a period of time.

Employee stock options give employees the right to buy company stock at an established grant price once certain terms are met. But there’s no obligation to do so.

Exercising stock options means choosing to purchase the stock at the grant price, after a predetermined waiting period. If you don’t purchase the stock, the option will eventually expire.

Employee stock options can also give employees a sense of ownership (and, to a degree, actual ownership) in the company they work for. That can have benefits and drawbacks. But if you’re working in an industry in which employee stock options are common, it’s important to know how they work, the different types, and the tax implications.

What Are Employee Stock Options?

As mentioned, employee stock options give an employee the chance to purchase a set number of shares in the company at a set price — often called the exercise price — over a set amount of time. Typically, the exercise price is a way to lock in a lower price for the shares.

Typically, the exercise price is a way to lock in a lower price for the shares, although there are no guarantees.

This gives an employee the chance to exercise their ESOs at a point when the exercise price is lower than the market price — with the potential to make a profit on the shares.

Sometimes, an employer may offer both ESOs and restricted stock units (RSUs). RSUs are different from ESOs in that they are basically a promise of stock at a later date.

Employee Stock Option Basics

When discussing stock options, there are some essential terms to know in order to understand how options — general options — work. (For investors who are familiar with options trading, some of these terms may sound similar. But options trading, which involves derivatives contracts, doesn’t have any bearing on employee stock options.)

•   Exercise price/grant price/strike price: This is the given set price at which employees can purchase the stock options.

•   Market price: This is the current price of the stock on the market (which may be lower or higher than the exercise price). Typically an employee would only choose to exercise and purchase the options if the market price is higher than the grant price.

•   Issue date: This is the date on which you’re given the options.

•   Vesting date: This is the date after which you can exercise your options per the original terms or vesting schedule.

•   Exercise date: This is the date you actually choose to exercise your options.

•   Expiration date: This is the date on which your ability to exercise your options expires.

How Do Employee Stock Option Plans Work?

When you’re given employee stock options, that means you have the option to buy stock in the company at the grant price. If you don’t use the options to purchase the stock within the specified period, then they expire.

ESO Vesting Periods

Typically, employee stock options follow a vesting schedule, which is basically a waiting period after which you can exercise them. This means you must stay at the company a certain amount of time before you can cash out.

The stock options you’re offered may be fully vested on a certain date, or just partially vested over multiple years, meaning some of the options can be exercised at one date and others at a later date.

ESO Example

For example, imagine you were issued employee stock options on February 1 of 2025, with the option of buying 100 shares of the company at $10/share. You can exercise your options starting on Feb. 1, 2026 (the vesting date) for 10 years, until Feb. 1, 2036 (the expiration date).

If you chose not to exercise these options by Jan. 1, 2036, they would expire and you would no longer have the option to buy stock at $10/share.

Now, let’s say the market price of shares in the company goes up to $20 at some point after they’ve vested in 2026, and you decide to exercise your options.

You would buy 100 shares at $10/share for $1,000 total — while the market value of those shares is actually $2,000. In this scenario, the vesting period allowed the stock to grow and deliver a profit. But the reverse could also occur: The share price could drop to $8, in which case you wouldn’t exercise your options because you’d lose money. You might choose to wait and see if the share price rebounds.

Exercising Employee Stock Options

It bears repeating: You don’t need to exercise your options unless it makes sense for you. You’re under no obligation to do so. Whether you choose to do so or not will likely depend on your financial situation and financial goals, the forecasted value of the company, and what you expect to do with the shares after you purchase them.

If you plan to exercise your ESOs, there are a few different ways to do so. The shares you get are effectively the same as the shares available on online investing platforms and brokerages, but some companies have specifications about when the shares can be sold, because they don’t want you to exercise your options and then sell off all your stock in the company immediately.

Buy and Hold

Once you own shares in the company, you can choose to hold onto them — effectively, a buy-and-hold strategy. To continue the example above, you could just buy the 100 shares with $1,000 cash and you would then own that amount of stock in the company — until you decide to sell your shares (if you do).

Cashless Exercise

Another way to exercise your ESOs is with a cashless exercise, which means you sell off enough of the shares at the market price to pay for the total purchase.

For example, you would sell off 50 of your purchased shares at $20/share to cover the $1,000 that exercising the options cost you. You would be left with 50 shares. Most companies offering brokerage accounts will likely do this buying and selling simultaneously.

Stock Swap

A third way to exercise options is if you already own shares. A stock swap allows you to swap in existing shares of the company at the market price of those shares and trade for shares at the exercise price.

For example, you might trade in 50 shares that you already own, worth $1,000 at the market price, and then purchase 100 shares at $10/share.

When the market price is higher than the exercise price — often referred to as options being “in the money” — you may be able to gain value for those shares because they’re worth more than you pay for them.

Why Do Companies Offer Stock Options?

The idea is simple: If employees are financially invested in the success of the company, then they’re more likely to be emotionally invested in its success as well, and this may increase employee productivity and loyalty.

From an employee’s point of view, stock options offer a way to see some financial benefit of their own hard work. In theory, if the company is successful, then the market stock price could rise and the stock options could be worth more.

The financial prospects of the company influence whether people want to buy or sell shares in that company, but there are a number of factors that can determine stock price, including investor behavior, company news, world events, and primary and secondary markets.

Tax Implications of Employee Stock Options

There are two main kinds of employee stock options: qualified and non-qualified, each of which has different tax implications. These are also known as incentive stock options (ISOs) and non-qualified stock options (NSOs or NQSOs).

Incentive Stock Options (ISO)

When you buy shares in a company below the market price, you could be taxed on the difference between what you pay and what the market price is. ISOs are “qualified” for preferential tax treatment, meaning no taxes are due at the time you exercise your options — unless you’re subject to an alternative minimum tax.

Instead, taxes are due at the time you sell the stock and make a profit. If you sell the stock more than one year after you exercise the option and two years after they were granted, then you will likely only be subject to capital gains tax.

If you sell the shares prior to meeting that holding period, you will likely pay additional taxes on the difference between the price you paid and the market price as if your company had just given you that amount outright. For this reason, it is often financially beneficial to hold onto ESO shares for at least one year after exercising, and two years after your exercise date.

Non-qualified Stock Options (NSOs or NQSOs)

NSOs do not qualify for preferential tax treatment. That means that exercising stock options subjects them to ordinary income tax on the difference between the exercise price and the market price at the time you purchase the stock. Unlike ISOs, NSOs will always be taxed as ordinary income.

Taxes may be specific to your individual circumstances and vary based on how the company has set up its employee stock option program, so it’s a good idea to consult a financial advisor or tax professional for specifics.

Should You Exercise Employee Stock Options?

While it’s impossible to know if the market price of the shares will go up or down in the future, there are a number of things to consider when deciding if you should exercise options:

•   The type of option — ISO or NSO — and related tax implications

•   The financial prospects of the company

•   Your own investment portfolio, and how these company shares would fit into your overall investment strategy

You also might want to consider how many shares are being made available, to whom, and on what timeline — especially when weighing what stock options are worth to you as part of a job offer. For example, if you’re offered shares worth 1% of the company, but then the next year more shares are made available, you could find your ownership diluted and the stock would then be worth less.

The Takeaway

Employee stock options (ESOs) can be an incentive that companies offer their employees: They present the opportunity to invest in the company directly, and possibly profit from doing so. There are certain rules around ESOs, including timing of exercising the stock options, as well as different tax implications depending on the type of ESO a company offers its employees.

There can be a lot of things to consider, but it’s yet another opportunity to get your money in the market, where it’ll have the chance to grow.

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