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A financial emergency is any situation that you didn’t anticipate or plan for that affects you financially. Examples of financial emergencies can include a job loss, unexpected car repair, or medical bills resulting from an accidental injury.

Six out of 10 American households experience at least one financial emergency per year, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Financial experts recommend planning ahead for life’s curveballs by saving an emergency fund.

Knowing what is a financial emergency–and what isn’t–can help you decide when it makes sense to tap into your cash reserves or turn to credit to cover the gap.

What Is Considered a Financial Emergency?

FEMA defines a financial emergency as “any expense or loss of income you do not plan for.” There are a number of different scenarios that could fit the definition of a financial emergency, which is why it’s a good idea to make sure you have enough money in your bank account to cover them, if possible.

Here are some of the most common financial emergencies that a typical household may encounter that could cause financial hardship.

Home Emergencies or Repairs

In addition to the regular costs of home ownership, it’s also important to be prepared for unexpected expenses that may crop up from time to time. For example, you may need to replace your HVAC system if it stops working or get a new roof if yours springs an unfixable leak. Other financial emergencies examples include appliance repairs or needing to pay your deductible if you have to file a homeowner’s insurance claim for damages.

Car Emergencies or Repairs

If you own at least one vehicle for long enough, odds are that you’ll have a financial emergency at some point. Your transmission might give out, for example, or you find out that you need to replace all four tires in order to pass inspection. These are costs that you may not plan for that but need to pay to keep your car on the road.

Loss of Income

There are different scenarios where a loss of income might constitute a financial emergency. If you’re the sole breadwinner for your household, for instance, and you get laid off, fired, quit, or can’t work because of an illness or injury, this situation can directly impact your ability to pay the bills.

Emergencies That Affect Your Health

A health issue, major or minor, could end up being a financial emergency if it affects your ability to collect a paycheck. This kind of situation may also trigger a money emergency if you have to pay for some or all of your medical care out of pocket. Health insurance may cover some of your care if you get sick or injured, but it doesn’t always cover all of your costs. And a financial emergency of this nature can be made worse if you’re unable to work.

Unexpected Loss of a Loved

Losing a loved one can be upsetting enough on its own, but it can also create financial pressure. If you need to travel to attend the funeral or you’re expected to contribute to final expenses, you can find yourself in a scenario that’s a financial emergency.

Natural Disasters

Storms, droughts, floods, and earthquakes seem to be in the news more frequently these days. Any one of these events can disrupt your life and cause loss of income as well as unexpected expenses. If a huge storm floods your town, your home might suffer damage and, even if you’re insured, other expenses could quickly pile up. Also, if your place of business were to be flooded, you might be out of work and therefore out of income for a while.

What Is Not Considered a Financial Emergency?

Now you know what a financial emergency is. There are some things, however, you might spend money on that don’t meet the strict definition of an emergency. Here are some examples of the kinds of situations that may feel necessary or urgent but aren’t actually financial emergencies.

Taking a Vacation

A vacation might feel like a “need,” especially if you could use some time away from a stressful job. But vacations generally are not considered to be examples of financial emergencies because they are not unexpected. Instead, you can plan and save for a trip at a pace that works for your budget.

Going to or Planning a Wedding

Being a guest at a wedding is optional, though you may feel social pressure to RSVP that you’ll be there. The costs of attending can add up, once you factor in gifts, new clothes to wear to the event, and other expenses. Still, those are not financial emergencies since you can always say no. Likewise, the cost of your own wedding is not a financial emergency either in that sense that you can plan and save for it.

Purchasing Gifts for Someone

Birthdays, holidays, graduations, and other special occasions might call for you to present someone with a gift. But a gift is not classified as a financial emergency since you usually have some advance notice that an occasion is coming up. Plus, it’s up to you how much you spend. While you might want to purchase something lavish, something more affordable (a book, going out for coffee or a drink) or simply a heartfelt card can suffice when money is tight.

Putting Down a Down Payment

If you plan to buy a car or a home, putting money down can reduce the amount you need to finance. This will then save you money on interest over the life of the loan. Down payments are money that you save over time, not funds that you have to come up with on short notice. While it may feel like an emergency when you find your dream house but haven’t yet saved enough money to buy it, this doesn’t meet the definition of a true financial emergency.

Replacing Items in the House That Are Not Essential

There are some things in your home that you may need to replace right away, especially if they break down. That includes HVAC systems and roofing that fails to do its job. As mentioned above, these common home repair costs can indeed qualify as financial emergencies. But other household expenditures, like new kitchen countertops or new furniture, are items you can budget and save for, so they’re not financial emergencies.

Determining How Much Emergency Savings to Have

The financial emergency examples listed above underscore why having an emergency fund is important. When you have ample emergency savings in place, it’s easier to handle unexpected expenses without stress and without having to use high-interest credit cards or loans to pay for them.

So if you’re thinking, Should I have an emergency fund? the answer is almost always going to be yes. The next question to tackle is how much to save.

One common rule of thumb is to have at least three to six months’ worth of expenses in your emergency fund. So if your monthly expenses are $3,000, you’d aim to save $9,000 to $18,000 for an emergency fund. An emergency fund of that size in a savings account should in theory be able to get you through a financial crisis.

Recommended: Ensure you’re prepared for the unexpected by using our emergency fund calculator.

Whether that amount is too high or too low will depend on several things. A few examples of important factors: the types of financial emergencies you’re most likely to encounter, how much you’d be able to cut expenses if you had to, and how quickly you’d be able to replace lost income should the need arise.

In the case of something like a job loss, for example, a smaller emergency fund might be sufficient if you can live leanly and no one else depends on you financially. Or you’ll likely be okay if you’re able to find a replacement job quickly and have one or more side hustles to supplement your income. On the other hand, if you’re married with three kids, a much larger emergency fund might be needed to sustain you until you can find another job.

Banking With SoFi

An emergency fund can save the day when a true financial emergency comes along. Knowing the difference between what is a financial emergency and what is not and when to use an emergency fund can help you to make the most of the money you’re saving.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are some real life examples of financial emergencies?

Real life examples of financial emergencies include an unexpected job loss, an illness or injury that prevents you from working, or an unplanned home repair. A financial emergency may be a one-time expense, like a car repair, or an ongoing situation that requires you to rely on savings to cover expenses.

Why might I need an emergency fund?

Having an emergency fund is a good idea if you own a home or vehicle, have concerns about what might happen if you were to lose your job, or simply don’t want to be caught unprepared when an unexpected expense comes along. You may also want to have an emergency fund if other people (such as a partner, spouse, or children) depend on you for income.

Is it recommended that I build an emergency fund?

Yes, it is generally recommended that most people have some type of emergency fund in place to cover unanticipated expenses. Going without an emergency fund may only make sense for people who have already accumulated substantial savings or investments they can draw on to cover unplanned events.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

3.30% APY
Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

SOBK-Q224-1939867-V1

The Great Resignation is a term used to describe an increase in the quit rate among U.S. employees that began in 2021. Millions of people began leaving their jobs citing various reasons, including low pay, poor working conditions, and negative lifestyle impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

While the Great Resignation created challenges for many employers, it also presented an opportunity for companies to fine-tune their hiring and retention policies.

Here, take a closer look, including:

•   What is the Great Resignation?

•   What are the reasons for the Great Resignation?

•   How can companies prevent employees from resigning?

What Is the Great Resignation?

The Great Resignation refers to the fact that millions of people opted to quit their jobs during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Anthony Klotz, associate professor of management at Texas A&M University, is credited with coining the term.

Data suggests that the Great Resignation began in early 2021, reaching a peak of 4.5 million quits in November of that year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Altogether, the BLS estimates that nearly 48 million people quit their jobs in 2021.

The wave of quitting hasn’t entirely subsided, however. The Great Resignation trend persisted well into 2022, as more employees elected to leave their employers. For example, the quit rate was 4.1 million for September 2022, according to a recent Job Openings and Labor Turnover report.

Who’s Quitting Their Jobs?

The Great Resignation affected numerous industries but not always equally. According to an analysis by Zippia, for example, the industries affected most by the Great Resignation in 2021 include accommodation and food service, leisure and hospitality, and retail. Here are some other statistics on the Great Resignation and who’s quitting their jobs:

•   Employees aged 18 to 29 quit more than any other demographic, with a 37% quit rate in 2021.

•   Women were 11% more likely to quit their jobs than men, while Hispanics and Asians quit more often than Black or White Americans.

•   Those with less education, e.g., a high school diploma, were more likely to quit than employees with some college or a college degree.

•   Employees with lower incomes had a quit rate that was double that of those earning higher pay.

The range of people quitting is diverse, as are their reasons for doing so, as you’re about to learn.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Achieve Financial Security

Reasons for the Great Resignation

Now that you know what the Great Resignation is, you are likely wondering why so many people walked away from their work. There’s no single cause for the Great Resignation. Instead, employees began leaving their jobs in response to a combination of factors. Here are some of the top reasons employees chose to quit, according to Pew Research.

•   Low pay. Thirty-seven percent of employees said low wages were a major reason behind their decision to quit.

•   No room for advancement. Thirty-three percent of people who quit their jobs in 2021 said they did so due to a lack of opportunities to get ahead.

•   Felt disrespected. Interestingly, 35% of those who quit during the first wave of the Great Resignation said they felt disrespected by their employer.

•   Child care. The COVID-19 pandemic made child care a struggle for many parents as schools closed for months on end. According to Pew, 24% of quitters cited child care as a major reason for doing so.

•   Lack of flexibility. Being able to work flexible job hours or put in for time off as needed is important for many employees. Pew found that 24% of those who quit in 2021 cited lack of flexibility as a major motivator.

Other reasons for quitting included lack of benefits, working too many hours, wanting to relocate, or working too few hours. A small number of employees said they chose to quit over employer requirements to get a COVID-19 vaccine.

Here’s how the top 10 reasons for resigning look in chart form:

Ways Companies Can Prevent Employees From Leaving

Building a resilient workforce is important, but employee retention can be tricky, especially if workers don’t feel motivated to stick around. The Great Resignation has turned up the pressure on companies to provide employees with a more favorable working environment. Some of the ways companies may be able to prevent workers from leaving include:

•   Offering flexible work schedules, including the chance to work remotely

•   Focusing on building connections with employees and creating a welcoming company culture

•   Getting input from employees on what’s working and what could be improved

•   Showing appreciation for employees and respecting them at all times

•   Offering opportunities for growth and advancement

•   Enhancing benefits packages to include things like wellness perks or student loan repayment. The Great Resignation may have a significant effect on employee benefits in this way.

Offering higher salaries may be a starting point, but it could take more than just a bigger paycheck to convince employees to stay put. Thinking creatively and putting oneself in the mindset of the employee can be helpful ways for employers to figure out what’s needed most.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Raising the Minimum Wage

The Takeaway

The Great Resignation involved almost 48 million workers leaving their jobs in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. This has taken a toll on many employers as they scramble to hire new workers to replace those who have quit. If you’re thinking of quitting, it’s important to get your financial ducks in a row first so you can maintain your standard of living during a job transition.

3 Money Tips

1. If you’re saving for a short-term goal — whether it’s a vacation, a wedding, or the down payment on a house — consider opening a high-yield savings account. The higher APY that you’ll earn will help your money grow faster, but the funds stay liquid, so they are easy to access when you reach your goal.
2. If you’re creating a budget, try the 50/30/20 budget rule. Allocate 50% of your after-tax income to the “needs” of life, like living expenses and debt. Spend 30% on wants, and then save the remaining 20% towards saving for your long-term goals.
3. If you’re faced with debt and wondering which kind to pay off first, it can be smart to prioritize high-interest debt first. For many people, this means their credit card debt; rates have recently been climbing into the double-digit range, so try to eliminate that ASAP.

FAQ

What’s the Great Resignation?

The Great Resignation refers to the millions of Americans who have quit their jobs since early 2021. Almost 48 million people left their employment in 2021. Some of the most common causes for the Great Resignation include low wages, employee burnout, inflexible work schedules, and poor work-life balance.

Should you quit for a better paying job?

Not being able to make your budget work is one of the clearest signs that you’re not making enough money. If you believe a better paying job could help you reach your financial goals or, at the very least, make budgeting less stressful, then it could be worth moving on to a new employer. However, consider what you might be giving up in the way of benefits or other job perks to snag a higher salary.

Is it better to quit or be fired?

Quitting a job may look better on a resume than being fired. Additionally, if you’re putting in proper notice in advance, it may be easier to plan your budget as you countdown to your final paychecks. Your employer may also appreciate your giving notice that you plan to make a job transition so they have time to hire someone to replace you.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBK1122002

The main difference between retail vs. corporate banking lies in what type of services they provide and to whom. Retail banking is consumer-focused while corporate banking, also referred to as business banking, is designed to meet the needs of businesses.

Banks can offer both retail and business banking services to attract both types of clients. Understanding how each one works makes it easier to distinguish between retail vs. corporate banking.

What Is Retail Banking?

Retail banking refers to banking services and products offered to retail customers, meaning individuals. Retail banking can also be referred to as consumer banking or personal banking. The kinds of products and services offered by retail banks are designed for personal money management — such as checking and savings accounts, certificates of deposit (CDs), debit cards, and more.

In the U.S., the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is responsible for overseeing banks at the national level. Banks with assets in excess of $10 billion are also regulated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). In addition to federal regulation, retail banks can also be subject to regulation and oversight at the state level. These organizations help ensure that services are being provided in keeping with the law and that charges are not excessive.

Recommended: How Do Retail Banks Make Money?

Services Offered Under Retail Banking

Retail banks typically offer products and services that are designed to help everyday people manage their finances. This is the key distinguishing factor between retail vs. business banking. For example, some of the services retail banks may offer include:

•   Deposit account services: Retail banks can allow consumers to open checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, and other deposit accounts to hold their money safely and securely.

•   Mortgage lending: Homeowners often require a loan to purchase a home, and many retail banks provide mortgages to qualified borrowers.

•   Secured and unsecured loans: In addition to home loans, retail banks can issue other types of loans, including auto loans, personal loans, home equity loans, and lines of credit.

•   Credit cards: Credit cards offer convenience for making purchases; many of them also offer rewards to consumers for using them. Retail banks may issue credit cards to creditworthy customers.

•   Certificates of deposit: Certificates of deposit (or CD accounts) are special types of deposit accounts that allow you to earn interest on your money for a set term.

Banks may also offer insurance to their retail clients. Private banking may also be available for higher net-worth customers.

Retail banks usually make money by accruing interest on the money they lend via loans and other vehicles. They may also charge various fees for banking services, including overdraft fees, loan origination fees, and checking account fees. Some retail banks have physical branches, while others operate exclusively online.

What Is Corporate Banking?

Corporate banking is the branch of banking that offers its services and products to business entities. That includes large corporations as well as small and medium-sized business operations. Corporate banks may also serve government agencies and entities. While services may include deposit accounts, these banks also may offer credit and asset management, lines of credit, payment processing, and tools that facilitate international trade.

Like retail banks, corporate banks can charge fees for the various services they provide. Banking services can be directed toward a corporate audience in general or be tailored to target the needs of specific industries, such as healthcare or companies that operate in the tech space.

Recommended: When Would I Need a Business Bank Account?

Services Offered Under Corporate Banking

The services offered by corporate banks are designed to suit the needs of businesses large and small. The kinds of services a corporate bank can offer include:

•   Deposit account: Business banking can include many of the same deposit options as retail banking, such as checking accounts, savings accounts, and money market accounts.

•   Debt financing: Corporate banks can offer debt financing options to startups and established businesses that need capital to fund expansion projects and growth.

•   Trade lines of credit: Trade financing can make it easier for businesses to cover day-to-day operating expenses. Examples of trade financing that corporate banks may offer include merchant cash advances, purchase order financing, and accounts receivable processing.

•   Payments processing: Corporate banks can act as payment processors to help businesses complete financial transactions when providing products or services to their customers.

•   Treasury management: Treasury management services can help businesses keep cash flowing steadily and smoothly.

•   Global banking: Businesses that are interested in expanding into foreign markets may rely on business banking services to reach their goal.

Key Differences Between Retail and Corporate Banking

Retail and corporate banking both have the same goal: serving the needs of their customers. But the way they achieve this goal differs. Here are some of the most noteworthy differences between retail banking vs. business banking.

Business Model

Retail banking’s business model is built around meeting the needs of retail banking clients. Banks that operate in the retail space are primarily concerned with three things: deposits, money management, and consumer credit.

Corporate banks, on the other hand, base their business models around products and services that are utilized by business entities. That includes offering business bank accounts, providing avenues for securing capital, and offering financial advice.

Customer Base

Retail banks are geared toward consumers who rely on financial products like personal checking accounts, savings accounts, or unsecured loans. A retail bank can offer accounts to different types of consumers, including specialized accounts for kids, teens, students, or seniors. But generally, they’re consumer-facing and work with everyday people to help them manage their money.

That’s a difference between retail vs. corporate banking: The latter is business-centric. For example, a corporate bank may offer services to companies with a valuation in the millions. Or it may cater to smaller businesses that need help with things like payment processing or cash flow management. Some business banks may serve companies both large and small.

Processing Costs

As mentioned, both retail and corporate banks can charge fees for the services they provide. These fees are designed to make up for the bank’s own handling costs for processing transactions. Both types of banks can also charge interest on loans, lines of credit, and credit cards. These are some of the ways that banks earn money.

In general, retail banks tend to have lower handling costs which means lower fees for consumers. Corporate banks, on the other hand, typically have higher processing costs which means their clients pay more for their products and services.

Value of Transactions

Since retail banks serve everyday consumers, the average value of transactions processed tends to be lower compared to that of corporate banks. A corporate bank, for example, might process a transaction valued at several million dollars for a single customer. Someone who’s adding money to their personal checking account vs. a business checking account, meanwhile, may be depositing a few hundred or few thousand dollars.

Profitability

Here’s another key difference between business banking vs. retail banking: Business banking tends to generate more profits. That’s because corporate banks typically deal in higher value transactions than retail banks.

The Takeaway

The difference between retail vs. business banking is quite straightforward: Retail banking serves individual customers’ needs, while corporate banking serves the needs of companies of all sizes, as well as other organizations.

For most people, retail banking is a good choice to manage and optimize their financial lives. For instance, you can use a retail bank account to pay bills, deposit your paychecks, transfer money to savings, and make purchases or withdrawals using your debit card.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is corporate banking better than retail?

Corporate banking is not necessarily better than retail banking; they’re designed to serve different audiences. Corporate banking is usually a wise choice for a business entity, while retail banking is designed to serve individuals with their personal banking needs.

Is a current account retail or corporate?

Current accounts can be offered by retail and corporate banks. Generally speaking, a current account is a bank account that allows you to make deposits and withdrawals. A checking account, either personal or business, is an example of a current account.

Why do banks focus on retail banking?

Banks focus on retail banking because there’s a need for it among consumers; many adults might be interested in a checking account, a debit card, and a credit card, for example. The demand for retail banking also allows banks to generate revenue by charging fees for deposit accounts and interest on loans and lines of credit. That said, corporate banking also serves an important need and generates income for banks as well.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

3.30% APY
Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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“In trust for” (ITF) and “payable on death” (POD) are two designations that you can use to pass on bank accounts or other financial accounts after you’re gone. The main difference between in trust for vs. payable on death is that the former has a trustee while the latter does not.

Which one you opt for can depend on your personal wishes for passing on those assets. Understanding how each one works can make it easier to choose between a POD vs. trust account when crafting an estate plan.

This guide will help you learn the pros and cons of each type of financial account and compare them.

What Is Payable on Death (POD)?

A payable on death account allows the owner to pass the assets in that account to a named beneficiary once they die. For example, you might open an online savings account and name your adult child as the beneficiary.

During your lifetime, you’d be able to use the account however you wish. You could make deposits or withdrawals, and the beneficiary would have no rights to the account. Once you pass away, the beneficiary would inherit the account from you. You can use POD designations with multiple bank accounts to name different beneficiaries.

How Payable on Death Works

Payable on death works by allowing the owner of a financial account to choose one or more beneficiaries to inherit the account. The account owner would fill out a POD form or beneficiary designation form with their bank or the financial institution that holds the account.

When the POD account owner passes away, the bank would be required to release any assets in the account to the individual or individuals named as beneficiaries. The beneficiary will typically need to present a death certificate first to prove that the account owner has passed away.

In a sense, payable on death is similar to designating a beneficiary for a 401(k) plan or Individual Retirement Account (IRA). For example, 401(k) beneficiary rules do not allow access to the account while the owner is alive. Once the owner passes away, however, the beneficiary would be entitled to receive all the funds.

Payable on Death Rules

The main rule to know about payable on death is that the beneficiary has no access to the money in the account until the account owner dies. So again, say that you name your adult child as the beneficiary to your savings account. Even though they’re listed as the beneficiary, they would not be able to go to the bank and withdraw money from the account as long as you’re still living.

Additional rules apply when there are multiple beneficiaries. All beneficiaries would be entitled to an equal share of the assets in the account. For example, assume that you have four children instead of just one. If you name all of them beneficiaries on a savings account, they’d each be entitled to 25% of the account’s assets when you pass away.

What Is In Trust For?

An in trust for, or ITF, account allows a grantor to designate a trustee who will manage financial assets on behalf of one or more named beneficiaries. The grantor is the person who owns the account; they can also be the trustee during their lifetime. The beneficiary is the person who will inherit the account assets when the grantor passes away.

After the grantor dies, the trustee can continue to manage the assets in the account on behalf of the trustee. An in trust for arrangement offers a greater degree of control than payable on death in this way: The trustee is obligated to carry out the wishes of the trust grantor.

Recommended: Putting Your House in a Trust

How In Trust For Works

An in trust for arrangement works by allowing the owner of a financial account or asset to establish a trust to hold those assets. In trust for can apply to savings accounts, checking accounts, or other bank accounts, as well as investment accounts.

The grantor sets the terms of the trust, and the trustee is responsible for ensuring those terms are carried out. For example, the grantor may specify that the beneficiary cannot receive assets from the account until they turn 30 or get married. The trustee would manage the assets in the account until either one of those events comes to pass.

In Trust For Rules

In trust for rules allow for flexibility, since the grantor can decide:

•   Who should serve as trustee

•   Who will be named as beneficiaries

•   How assets in the trust should be managed

•   When and how beneficiaries will have access to those assets.

An in trust for arrangement could allow the beneficiaries access to trust assets while the grantor is still alive, if that’s the wish of the grantor. Meanwhile, trustees are required to follow a fiduciary duty when managing trust assets. In simpler terms, they must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries.

If the trust is revocable, the grantor has the power to change its terms or revoke it while they’re living. Once they pass away, the trust becomes irrevocable and cannot be altered.

In Trust For vs. Payable on Death

When choosing between in trust for vs. payable on death, it might seem a little confusing since they both allow you to designate a beneficiary for financial accounts. Comparing them side-by-side can make it easier to see how they overlap and where they differ.

Similarities

First, consider the similarities:

•   Whether you designate a financial account as a POD vs. trust, the end goal is the same: to pass on assets in the account to one or more named beneficiaries. As the owner of the account, you have the power to decide who to name as a beneficiary to your accounts. If you’re creating an in trust for account, you can also choose who should act as trustee.

•   Whether you choose payable on death vs. in trust for, the assets in the account avoid probate. Probate is a legal process in which a deceased person’s assets are inventoried, any outstanding debts owed by their estate are paid, and remaining assets are distributed to their heirs.

Going through probate can be costly and time-consuming for heirs. Naming a beneficiary, whether it’s through an in trust for or POD arrangement, allows those assets to bypass the probate process.

Differences

Next, look at how these two kinds of accounts vary

•   The main difference between a beneficiary in trust vs. payable on death account is that one has a trustee and the other doesn’t. When you name a trustee, you’re essentially choosing someone to manage assets on behalf of your beneficiary rather than handing them over directly.

The upside is an in trust for arrangement allows you to have greater control over what happens to the assets that you’re passing on. Setting up an in trust for arrangement usually requires a little more paperwork than establishing a POD account.

Depending on the value of the assets in question, you might need an estate planning attorney’s help to set up an in trust for account.

Pros and Cons of POD

Payable on death accounts have advantages and disadvantages. Here are the main benefits to know:

•   Account owners can decide who gets their assets, without needing to include them in a will.

•   Beneficiaries can bypass the probate process.

•   Naming beneficiaries means that heirs don’t have to go looking for lost bank accounts when you pass away.

Are there some cons? It depends.

•   If you’re the account owner, you may appreciate the fact that you can leave assets to heirs and still have the use of them during your lifetime.

•   Beneficiaries, on the other hand, may be unhappy about having to wait to gain control of those assets until you pass away.

Pros and Cons of In Trust For

In trust for arrangements have similar pros and cons. On the plus side:

•   You’ll be able to pass money on to named heirs. If you’ve ever been in a situation where you’re trying to track down unclaimed money from deceased relatives, then you might appreciate an in trust for situation which would eliminate any questions about who gets what.

•   This kind of arrangement could also be helpful in situations where it’s likely that heirs may dispute the division of assets. By creating an in trust for agreement, you can decide who will get the assets, who will manage them as trustee, and when beneficiaries can receive the assets.

•   Again, both POD and in trust for accounts can be excluded from probate.

Also be aware of the potential cons:

•   Trusts can be costly to establish if you’re working with an attorney.

•   The trustee is also entitled to collect a fee for overseeing the trust, which can add to the total cost.

Recommended: What Is the Difference Between Will and Estate Planning?

The Takeaway

In trust for and payable on death are designed to make the process of passing on bank accounts and other financial accounts easier. You might consider setting up either one if you’d like to ensure that your assets go to the right people when you pass away. Your bank accounts typically have value, and you probably want to make sure that those assets you tended to during your lifetime get into the hands of the right people with a minimum of effort and expense.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is In Trust For or Payable on Death better?

Whether it’s better to choose in trust for vs. payable on death can depend on the specifics of your situation. In trust for is usually better when you want to maintain a greater degree of control over the financial assets that you’re passing on. Payable on death may be preferable when you simply want to ensure that a specific beneficiary inherits a financial account.

Is ITF the same as POD?

ITF stands for in trust for, which is an arrangement in which a grantor establishes a trust to hold assets on behalf of one or more beneficiaries. POD stands for payable on death, which means that assets in a financial account are payable to one or more named beneficiaries when the account owner passes away.

What is the difference between In Trust For and a beneficiary?

In trust for means that a financial account or asset is being held in trust on behalf of one or more beneficiaries. A trustee is responsible for managing the assets for the beneficiaries, according to the terms set by the person who created the trust. A beneficiary is someone who stands to benefit financially from the death of another person, either by inheriting assets or receiving proceeds from a life insurance policy.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

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You may wonder if it’s possible to open a bank account for someone who is in prison. The answer is, yes, it may be possible to start a bank account for a prisoner, provided it’s allowed by the Department of Corrections in the state where the individual is incarcerated. (Worth noting: It may also be a challenge to find a bank that offers this kind of account.)

Opening an account can be a positive step. Being imprisoned can limit someone’s ability to pay bills, grow savings, and generally manage their finances. Opening accounts for inmates at external banks can help them to earn interest on savings while saving money on fees. And it can potentially make their reentry into society easier upon release.

While inmates may have access to prison accounts, those can come with high fees, and they typically don’t pay interest. A prison account is a special type of account that allows an inmate to store funds which can be used to pay for hygiene items and other necessities while they’re incarcerated. It doesn’t impact their lives when released.

So, let’s take a closer look at this topic:

•   Whether it’s legal to open a bank account while in prison

•   How to apply for a bank account while in prison

•   What documentation is required to start an account

•   What kinds of accounts are available, including whether joint accounts are a possibility

Let’s start learning about accounts for inmates.

Is It Legal to Open a Bank Account While in Prison?

It’s legal to open a bank account while in prison, unless state law or correctional facility policy specifically prohibits it. The best way to find out whether opening accounts for inmates is allowed is to check with the Department of Corrections in the state where the person is incarcerated.

In Texas, for example, the Department of Criminal Justice encourages inmates to open accounts at an external bank of their choice. They can then link this bank account to their prison account. This can be used to replenish their account for items bought while in prison. Excess funds in their prison account can also be transferred to their external bank account.

The state of New York, on the other hand, prohibits inmates from opening outside bank accounts. Specifically, prisoners are not allowed to open:

•   Checking accounts

•   Savings accounts

•   Stock accounts

•   Mutual fund accounts

•   Money market accounts

•   Certificate of deposit (CD) accounts

•   “In trust for” accounts

Inmates in New York are also barred from receiving distributions from any U.S. savings bonds they might own. Prisoners who enter the system with existing checking accounts or other bank accounts are required to close them.

So, if you are thinking of opening a savings account for an inmate, whether or not you can will depend on where they’re imprisoned. If you’re able to open some kind of savings account for an inmate, the next challenge may be finding a bank that will allow you to do so. Let’s look at that issue in a bit more detail next.

Why Banks Might Refuse to Help Prisoners

Not all banks are willing to open accounts for prisoners. Financial institutions can establish their own policies for when opening accounts for inmates is or isn’t allowed. If you’re trying to figure out how to open a bank account for an inmate and you’re hitting a brick wall with banks, it could be due to one of the following:

•   The bank requires a valid ID for the inmate, which you don’t have.

•   You have not been granted power of attorney (POA) for the inmate.

•   The inmate has a negative ChexSystems report (which is a reporting system for the banking industry) or previous issues with managing a bank account.

•   The bank is concerned that funds deposited to the account might be seized by a government entity.

•   The bank is concerned that the account may be used to conduct illegal activity.

It’s also possible that banks may be worried about running afoul of any rules or regulations established by their state’s Department of Corrections or Criminal Justice. In that scenario, it may be easier for the bank to simply not offer accounts for inmates to avoid any issues.

Applying for a Basic Bank Account for an Inmate

Let’s say that it is legal in the inmate’s state for them to hold a bank account, and you have found a financial institution that is willing to open an account. The next step would be to begin the account.

Keep in mind that opening accounts for inmates isn’t exactly the same as opening a checking account or savings account for yourself. In terms of how to open a savings account for an inmate, there may be one of three possibilities you can pursue. Again, the options you’re able to choose from could depend on what’s allowed by the inmate’s correctional facility and/or state.

Option 1: Specific Prison/Bank Arrangement

Correctional facilities may allow inmates to have outside bank accounts if they open them at an approved financial institution. For example, in Wisconsin inmates are allowed to open interest-bearing accounts at a bank that’s approved by the Department of Corrections.

If you’re trying to open a bank account for an inmate, you could check with the Department of Corrections or Criminal Justice to find out which banks are approved. The Department of Corrections should also be able to tell you what restrictions or requirements apply when opening accounts for inmates.

Recommended: How Much Money Do You Need to Open a Bank Account?

Option 2: Applying to Bank of Choice

While some correctional facilities require inmates to open external accounts at approved banks, others give you some leeway in deciding where to bank. As noted, Texas encourages prisoners to open accounts at the bank of their choice if they like.

If you’re trying to open a savings account for an inmate, the hard part may be finding a bank that will allow you to do so. You can start by checking at your current bank to see if it’s an option. If not, you can then try contacting other banks in the area to see which ones offer inmate accounts.

Recommended: How Many Bank Accounts Should You Have?

Option 3: Wait Until Release

Though not ideal, an inmate could simply wait until they’re released to open a savings account. This may be easier said than done, however, if the inmate isn’t able to meet the bank’s requirements for account opening.

What kind of requirements exactly? That could mean providing a valid ID and proof of address. And again, something like a negative ChexSystems report could lead the inmate to be denied a bank account. Unpaid balances or suspected fraud are other red flags that may result in an application for a new bank account being rejected.

Can Prisoners Be a Part of a Joint Bank Account?

You might be wondering how to open a joint bank account with an inmate or if it’s even possible. Whether a prisoner can open a joint bank account with someone else can depend on the bank’s policies. If you’re opening a joint bank account and the bank requires you to do so in person, for example, you may need to provide documentation showing why the joint account owner cannot be present.

Required documentation can include having power of attorney granting you legal authority to act on behalf of the inmate. The rules for establishing power of attorney and the scope of powers granted can vary from state to state.

If the bank allows you to open joint accounts online, then you may not be asked for this document. You will, however, likely need to provide the following for a joint account:

•   The inmate’s name

•   Their date of birth and Social Security number

•   A current address, phone number, and email address

If you’re missing any of those pieces of information, you may not be able to proceed with opening a joint account online. You could call the bank to ask how you can finish the account setup if you run into issues.

Keep in mind that managing a joint bank account — one shared with an inmate before they’re incarcerated — may be handled differently. As mentioned, New York requires inmates to close existing accounts before entering prison. But other correctional systems may allow those accounts to remain open.

If you have a joint account with an inmate, it’s important to note whether any court orders exist or are likely to be filed that would allow for seizure of account assets for repayment of a nondischargeable debt, such as back child support, past due tax bills, and federal student loans. Keep in mind that co-borrowers for joint loans are equally responsible for shared debts, even if one person is incarcerated.

Required Documents to Open a Bank Account

Banks typically have a standard list of documents they require to open a bank account. The list can include:

•   Valid government-issued ID

•   Proof of address

•   Social Security number

•   Birth certificate when other forms of ID are unavailable

Opening bank accounts for inmates can require additional documentation if the bank needs a power of attorney form. An attorney can help you complete a power of attorney for an inmate, which may require a visit to the correctional facility if state law prohibits digital signatures. State law can also dictate whether a power of attorney for an inmate needs to be notarized in order to be legally valid.

Types of Bank Accounts for a Prisoner

The types of bank accounts you can open for a prisoner will generally be governed by Department of Corrections policy. But if you’re able to open a bank account for an inmate, you might be able to choose from these options:

•   Checking accounts

•   Savings accounts

•   Money market accounts

•   Certificate of deposit accounts

These options may also be available once an inmate is released. If a former inmate is having trouble getting a regular checking account after release, they might consider second chance checking or a prepaid debit card instead. These can be easier to access and provide support for day-to-day banking in a way that can be very helpful.

•   Second chance checking is designed for people who have been denied a checking account in the past. Usually offered at online or smaller, local banks, these accounts can help people to develop good banking habits so they can upgrade to regular checking later. They may not offer the full array of bells and whistles, and they may involve higher fees.

•   Prepaid debit cards, meanwhile, allow you to load funds onto the card, which you can then use to pay bills, make purchases, or withdraw cash at ATMs. A prepaid debit card is not a bank account but it can provide a formerly incarcerated person with a way to manage their money until they can get an account at a bank.

The Takeaway

Having a bank account can be a positive experience for inmates, but opening a bank account for a prisoner can be quite challenging. Not all states allow inmates to start accounts, and not all banks are willing to have prisoners as customers.

Whether you’re opening accounts for inmates while they’re incarcerated or after they’re released, choosing the right place to bank matters. Specifically, it’s important to find a bank that offers the best combination of features and benefits for inmates and former inmates and makes it possible for you to open that account before the prisoner is released.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can an incarcerated person open a bank account?

Whether an incarcerated person can open a bank account will depend on the policies set by the Department of Corrections in their state. Some correctional facilities allow inmates to have external bank accounts, while others limit inmates to having prison accounts only.

Can ex-prisoners have a bank account?

Yes, ex-prisoners can open bank accounts. However, their banking options may be limited if they have a negative ChexSystems report. Former inmates may consider second chance checking accounts if they’re unable to meet the requirements for a regular checking account.

How much money can a federal inmate have in their account?

The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) does not specify an upper limit on how much money a federal inmate can have in their prison account. Inmates can receive funds at a BOP-managed facility, which are deposited into their commissary accounts, by MoneyGram, Western Union, or U.S. Postal Service.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

Photo credit: iStock/alfexe
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