Are Student Loans Secured or Unsecured?

Student loans are a type of financial aid option that lets you borrow a lump sum of money upfront that you’ll repay over time later, with interest. Some students are unclear whether a student loan is a secured or unsecured debt.

Both federal and private student loans are considered an unsecured form of debt. Keep reading to learn more on secured loans versus unsecured loans, pros and cons of each, and why student loans are considered an unsecured debt.

Key Points

•   Student loans are unsecured debt, meaning you don’t need to provide any collateral like a home or car when borrowing.

•   Secured loans are backed by assets, which reduces risk for the lender and can result in lower interest rates.

•   Unsecured loans rely on creditworthiness, so lenders evaluate your income, credit history, and financial stability instead of collateral.

•   Federal student loans have unique protections, including income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness options not typically available with other unsecured debt.

•   Managing your unsecured student loan debt wisely — such as making in-school interest-only payments — can prevent interest capitalization and lower long-term costs.

What Are Secured Loans?

A secured loan is a type of debt that requires borrowers to provide the lender with an asset of value to back the loan. This asset is called collateral. Collateral could be your home, your car, other property that has monetary value, a savings account, jewelry, and more. The type of collateral you put up is stated in the loan agreement.

If a borrower defaults on their loan and doesn’t pay it back, the lender can take actions to seize possession of the collateral. It then uses the proceeds from the sale of the collateral to recover the unpaid debt.

Common Examples of Secured Debt

Common types of secured loans include:

•   Mortgage loans

•   Home equity loans

•   Auto loans

•   Some personal loans

Lenders typically view secured loans as less risky to their bottom line since the promised collateral offers them at least some financial protection. In turn, secured loans might offer lower interest rates compared to unsecured loans.

Certain secured loans are also designed as accessible financing for individuals whose credit doesn’t qualify for an unsecured loan.

What Are Unsecured Loans?

An unsecured loan is an installment loan that doesn’t require an asset or collateral upfront to secure the debt. Since this type of loan doesn’t offer an asset-based guarantee to the lender, the borrower must demonstrate a strong likelihood that they’ll repay the debt.

A positive and extensive credit history, consistent and sufficient income, and low credit utilization are some markers that lenders use to determine how risky a borrower is for an unsecured loan. Additionally, since lenders don’t have access to collateral to fall back on in the event of default, unsecured loans generally have higher interest rates.

Credit cards, some personal loans, and private student loans are considered unsecured loans.

Why Most Student Loans Are Unsecured

Most student loans are unsecured because lenders do not require collateral to provide the funds. This allows students without significant assets to access the funds needed for tuition, fees, and living expenses, making higher education more accessible to a broader population.

Federal student loans, in particular, are designed to be accessible and flexible, so they are always unsecured. The government assumes the risk of lending, providing protections like income-driven repayment and deferment options that wouldn’t be feasible if loans were tied to collateral. Private lenders also issue unsecured student loans to allow students to finance their education without requiring property or other assets, though interest rates and approval criteria may vary.

Pros and Cons of Secured vs Unsecured Loans

Secured and unsecured loans have their own advantages and downsides. Before signing a loan agreement, it’s important to understand the pros and cons of each option.

Secured Loans Unsecured Loans
Pros
  • More accessible for certain borrowers (higher approval odds)
  • May offer lower interest rates
  • Might qualify for larger loan amount
  • Certain loans might qualify for tax deductions
  • No risk of lost collateral
  • Application process might be more straightforward
  • Might offer convenient features or perks
  • Student loans might qualify for tax benefits
Cons
  • Collateral required upfront
  • Risk losing collateral if you default
  • More stringent borrowing criteria
  • Interest rates may be higher

Risk to Borrower and Lender

Secured loans are riskier to the borrower than to the lender. For borrowers, failing to make payments can result in the loss of the asset used as security, potentially causing financial hardship. For lenders, collateral reduces the risk of total loss, since they can repossess or sell the asset to recover funds if the borrower defaults. This security often allows lenders to offer lower interest rates compared with unsecured loans.

Unsecured loans, including student loans, pose different risks for both parties. Borrowers face the consequences of default through damaged credit scores, collections, and potential legal action, but they do not risk losing specific assets. Lenders, however, bear a higher risk since there is no collateral to recover if a borrower fails to repay. To offset this increased risk, unsecured loans often carry higher interest rates, stricter approval requirements, or reliance on cosigners to ensure repayment.

Interest Rate Differences

Interest rates for secured and unsecured loans differ primarily due to the level of risk each type of loan poses to the lender. Secured loans are backed by collateral, which reduces the lender’s risk and often results in lower interest rates.

When it comes to student loans, federal student loans often have lower interest rates than private unsecured loans because they’re backed by the federal government, which reduces lender risk.

However, secured loans (like auto or mortgage loans) still tend to have even lower interest rates overall because they’re backed by collateral. So federal student loans fall in between: lower than many unsecured loans, but typically higher than secured loans.

Recommended: What’s the Average Student Loan Interest Rate?

How Federal Loans Differ From Typical Debt

Both federal loans and private education loans are unsecured debt. However, federal loans have significant perks and protections that private student loans don’t offer.

Unlike private student loans that require a minimum credit score or cosigner, most federal student loans don’t require a credit check or a cosigner to qualify for a loan. The Direct PLUS Loan is the only federal loan that requires a credit check, but borrowers with adverse credit can still access a Direct PLUS Loan by completing a few additional steps.

Federal loan rates are fixed, meaning your monthly payment won’t change throughout your repayment term. With federal Direct Subsidized Loans, the Department of Education pays for interest that accrues while you’re in school. Conversely, federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans start accruing interest once the loan is disbursed.

You’ll also have access to a range of repayment options, including income-driven repayment (IDR) plans and student loan forgiveness programs that cancel a portion of your student debt after meeting minimum program requirements.

Lack of Collateral but Strong Repayment Enforcement

Federal student loans come with unusually strong repayment enforcement compared with other types of debt. Even without an asset to seize, the federal government can use powerful tools — such as wage garnishment, tax refund withholding, and Social Security benefit offsets — to collect on defaulted loans. Unlike many other unsecured debts, federal student loans are also difficult to discharge in bankruptcy, which further strengthens repayment expectations.

Options for Deferment, Forbearance, and Forgiveness

Federal student loan deferment allows borrowers to temporarily pause payments during certain qualifying situations, such as unemployment, economic hardship, or enrollment in school at least half-time. During deferment, interest does not accrue on subsidized loans, which helps prevent balances from growing while borrowers regain financial stability. Unsubsidized loans, however, will continue to accrue interest, even though payments are paused. Note that under the “Big, Beautiful Bill,” loans made after July 1, 2027 are no longer eligible for deferments based on unemployment or economic hardship.

Student loan forbearance is another option for borrowers who need temporary relief but do not qualify for deferment. General and mandatory forbearances pause payments for a limited period, but interest accrues on all federal loan types, which can significantly increase the total cost of the loan if left unpaid.

And finally, federal forgiveness programs offer long-term solutions for borrowers who meet certain employment or repayment criteria. Options such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) can eliminate remaining loan balances after a set number of qualifying payments. These programs provide a pathway to manageable repayment and potential debt relief, especially for borrowers working in public service, nonprofit roles, or those whose income makes standard repayment plans challenging.

Managing Your Student Loan Debt

Getting a handle on your unsecured student loan debt can feel challenging as you balance other areas of your life. Below are a few strategies to help you manage your student loans:

•  Make in-school interest-only payments. If you can afford to, consider paying off the monthly interest that accrues while your loan is on in-school deferment. This applies to both unsubsidized federal loans and private loans. Making these small but meaningful interest payments can help you avoid interest capitalization (i.e., paying interest on interest) later.

•  Track when your loan payments are due. Be aware of your loan due dates and minimum payments each month. Late payments or missing a payment altogether can have a negative effect on your credit score, since loan repayment history is reported to the major credit bureaus.

•  See if you qualify for loan forgiveness or loan repayment assistance. The Department of Education offers a few forgiveness and cancellation programs for eligible borrowers with qualifying loans, like the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program for government and nonprofit employees. Some states also offer loan repayment assistance programs to workers in certain professions, like health care, social work, and law.

•  Reach out to your loan servicer or lender. If you’re struggling to make your student loan payment, your loan servicer or lender is your best resource. They can guide you through relief options that are accessible to you, whether that’s getting on a different repayment plan or temporary forbearance.

Choosing the Right Repayment Plan

Choosing the right repayment plan can help you effectively manage student loan debt because it directly impacts your monthly payments, total interest costs, and long-term financial stability. The best plan aligns with your income, career goals, and budget, helping you stay current on payments while avoiding unnecessary financial strain.

Options for student loan repayment include a standard plan, an income-driven option, or refinancing or consolidating your loans. Selecting the right structure can make repayment more manageable and prevent your balance from growing due to accrued interest or missed payments.

Refinancing or Consolidating Loans

Borrowers can also consider refinancing or consolidating their student loans. With a student loan refinance, you replace one or more existing loans with a new loan — typically from a private lender — that may offer a lower interest rate, reduced monthly payment, or different repayment term. This option can save money over time, especially for borrowers with strong credit, but it also means giving up federal protections if federal loans are refinanced.

Consolidation, on the other hand, is a federal program that combines multiple federal student loans into a single Direct Consolidation Loan. While student loan consolidation generally won’t lower your interest rate, it can simplify repayment and may help borrowers regain eligibility for certain federal benefits, such as income-driven repayment or loan forgiveness programs.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Calculator

The Takeaway

Both federal and private student loans are categorized as unsecured debt because they do not require collateral such as a car or house. With federal student loans, you gain access to unique protections that typical unsecured private student loans don’t offer.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Are student loans considered secured or unsecured?

Student loans are considered unsecured debt, meaning they don’t require collateral from you as a condition of securing the loan. Since there’s no collateral tied to the loan, if you default on the debt, the lender might choose to take you to court in an attempt to collect some or all of the debt.

Is it possible to get a secured student loan?

It may be possible to get a secured student loan, though it’s uncommon. Some private lenders may offer secured education loans that require collateral, such as a savings account or certificate of deposit. These loans can offer lower interest rates, but borrowers risk losing the pledged asset if they fail to repay.

How are federal student loans different from private?

Federal student loans are issued by the government and offer fixed interest rates, income-driven repayment plans, deferment, forbearance, and potential forgiveness programs. Private student loans come from banks or lenders, often require credit checks, may have variable interest rates, and lack the wide range of protections and flexible repayment options federal loans provide.

What happens if you default on an unsecured student loan?

Defaulting on an unsecured student loan can lead to collections, damaged credit, higher costs from fees and interest, and potential legal action. Lenders may garnish wages or place liens depending on state laws. Default also limits future borrowing options, making it harder to access credit or additional student loans.

Do student loans affect your credit like other unsecured loans?

Yes, student loans affect your credit much like other unsecured loans. Your payment history, loan balance, and length of credit history all influence your score. On-time payments can build credit, while missed or late payments can lower your score and remain on your credit report for years.


Photo credit: iStock/DNY59

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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To secure a $10K personal loan, requirements will vary, and your credit can affect the rates and terms you’re offered. Read on for the full story.

$10,000 Personal Loan: Everything You Need to Know

A personal loan can be a relatively low-interest way to access a lump sum of cash, which is usually paid back in monthly payments. This kind of unsecured installment loan (meaning you don’t need to put up collateral) can be used for a variety of purposes. For example, you might pay off high-interest credit card debt, fund a home renovation, or finance a family reunion trip to the beach next summer.

Here, you’ll learn the full story on one popular option, a $10,000 personal loan.

Key Points

•   A personal loan can provide a low-interest lump sum, which borrowers can use for various purposes, including debt consolidation and home renovations.

•   Monthly payments for personal loans depend on factors like the loan amount, interest rate, and repayment term, with fixed or variable rates available.

•   Typical requirements for qualifying include a credit score in the good range or higher, a steady income, and an active checking account, although options exist for those with lower scores.

•   Fees, such as origination fees, can increase the overall cost of a personal loan, and borrowers should focus on the annual percentage rate (APR) for clarity.

•   Fast processing times for personal loans are common, with many lenders offering same-day or next-day funding after approval, provided applicants have the necessary documentation.

Reasons to Get a $10,000 Personal Loan

Many prospective borrowers are attracted to personal loans because of the freedom and flexibility that they offer compared to some alternatives. Reasons to get a $10,000 loan might include the following:

•   To pay off an unforeseen expense, such as costly car repairs or a major medical bill. (A borrower might use a lesser sum, like a $5,000 personal loan, in some situations.)

•   To consolidate other debts. For example, assume you have a $10,000 balance between two credit cards, each having an interest rate of over 20%. You might be able to secure a $10,000 personal loan with a significantly lower interest rate to pay off that debt.

•   To pay for a home renovation.

•   To start a side hustle.

•   To cover wedding expenses, such as venue costs, catering, or attire, through a wedding loan.

•   Any other legal need for a cash infusion.

Pros and Cons of Taking Out a $10,000 Personal Loan

Consider the pros and cons of taking out a $10,000 personal loan as you explore this option.

Pros of a Personal Loan Cons of a Personal Loan
Quick access to cash Increased debt
Potentially lower interest rate than credit cards Potential fees and prepayment penalties
Flexible use of funds Typically cannot use for business purposes or tuition
Can build credit if payments are made on time Can lower credit if payments are late or missed

$10,000 Personal Loan Terms

Depending on the lender, the repayment periods typically range from 12 months to 84 months.

You can shop around for a personal loan with terms that allow for affordable monthly payments. Keep in mind that a longer term likely means you will pay more interest over the life of the loan.

When calculating the overall costs of a personal loan, consider such factors as the principal amount borrowed, interest rate, fees, and the loan term. You might use an online personal loan calculator to help you tally up costs.

Note: Also keep in mind that some personal loans are secured loans, meaning that you put up collateral which the lender can take ownership of if you default on the loan. Be clear on whether the loan you seek is secured or unsecured.

$10,000 Personal Loan Monthly Payments

Personal loans are typically repaid over a multi-year term through monthly payments. The cost of the monthly payments is influenced by the interest rate that applies to the specific loan. Interest rates are essentially the fees charged by the lender for providing the loan.

The lowest interest rates are typically offered to consumers with a good to excellent credit history and may also be influenced based on other factors including their current income. Generally speaking, lenders charge lower interest rates if they think an applicant is likely to repay their loan in a timely way.

The following chart shows the impact that interest rates have on the monthly payment and also how choosing a longer-term loan can increase the overall cost of the loan.

Principal

Interest Rate

Loan Term

Monthly Payment

Total Interest Paid

$ 10,000 6.0% 24 months $ 443.21 $ 636.95
$ 10,000 10.0% 24 months $ 461.45 $ 1,074.78
$ 10,000 6.0% 48 months $ 234.85 $ 1,272.81
$ 10,000 10.0% 48 months $ 253.63 $ 2,174.04

Personal loan interest rates are generally fixed, which means the monthly payment will remain the same. Variable-rate personal loans are offered by some lenders, and payments will be influenced by market conditions.

Recommended: $20,000 Personal Loan Rates and Requirements

$10,000 Personal Loan Fees

In addition to interest, some lenders charge origination fees that will also increase the overall cost of the loan.

The combination of the interest rate and any applicable fees is the annual percentage rate (APR) of the loan. Calculating the APR is necessary for determining the true cost of the loan. Recent Federal Reserve data shows the average APR of a 24-month personal loan to be 11.14%.

It’s important for applicants to closely review the terms of any potential loan agreement. For example, a lender may charge a late fee when payments are not received on time, and some may have prepayment penalties that apply if a borrower pays off the loan ahead of schedule.

Recommended: 39 Passive Income Ideas to Help You Make Money

What Credit Score Do You Need To Get a $10,000 Personal Loan?

Your credit score is a three-digit number that a lender checks to assess your creditworthiness. The most popular credit scoring systems (like FICO® Score) usually range from 300 to 850. Your credit score is calculated largely based on your credit history because past consumer behavior tends to predict the future.

Here are the usual credit score ranges according to FICO:

•   300 to 579: Poor

•   580 to 669: Fair

•   670 to 739: Good

•   740 to 799: Very good

•   800 to 850: Excellent or exceptional

There’s no single credit score needed for getting a personal loan. Keep in mind that a $10k loan is close to the average personal loan amount (the current average is $11,724). Rates may vary depending on the size of your loan.

Can You Get a $10,000 Personal Loan With Bad Credit?

In general, you need a good credit score to qualify for a personal loan. If you have bad credit (say, in the poor or fair range), you might still be able to secure a loan, but potentially at a higher interest rate. If your credit score is in the very good or exceptional range, you may qualify for even more favorable interest rates and terms.

If a personal loan with bad credit is more expensive than you like, you might look into personal loan alternatives, such as a salary advance or using credit cards.

How Long Does It Take to Get a $10,000 Personal Loan?

Personal loans are known for offering fast processing — or funding — times, particularly among online lenders. Many lenders today offer same-day or next-day funding of personal loans after approval. Applicants should be properly prepared with the documentation necessary to confirm their identity, address, and income, as well as current bank statements.

Requirements for a $10,000 Personal Loan

Requirements will vary across lenders. However, qualifying for a $10,000 personal loan typically requires a credit score in the good range, an active checking account, and a steady, verifiable income, among other factors.

Top $10,000 Personal Loan Lenders

Here’s a look at some of the current leading personal loan lenders, along with interest rate ranges.

Lender Minimum Credit Score APR Range Loan Amounts
SoFi None 8.74% to 35.49% $5,000 to $100,000
LightStream 660 6.49% to 24.89% $5,000 to $100,000
PenFed None 7.99% to 17.99% $600 to $50,000
Discover 660 7.99% to 24.99% $2,500 to $40,000
Citi Undisclosed 9.99% to 19.49% $2,000 to $30,000

How to Compare $10,000 Loan Offers

When comparing offers for a $10,000 personal loan, keep these tips in mind:

•  Focus on the APR vs. simply the interest rate to get a better idea of the actual costs of borrowing, with fees included.

•  Look at the total cost of the loan over its term. You’ll see that a longer term typically reduces your monthly payment but means you pay more interest over the life of the loan.

•  Do look into the fees involved, such as origination and late fees, as well as prepayment penalties. These can make a significant difference in some situations, so you want to take out a loan with a “no surprises” understanding.

Tips for Getting Approved for a $10,000 Loan

If you’re thinking about applying for a $10K personal loan, here are some ways to help improve your odds of success. You’ll see that understanding and optimizing your creditworthiness can be an important step.

•  Work on maintaining or building a credit score that’s at least in the good range, if not very good or exceptional for the most favorable terms.

•  Check your credit report for any errors and work to correct any that you find.

•  Calculate your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, and focus on keeping it below 36% for the best odds of approval.

•  Only borrow how much you actually need, since applications for higher sums can face a more stringent approval process.

•  Gather all of your documentation (such as pay stubs, tax returns, and bank statements) needed for personal loan approval in advance

•  Prequalify for a loan and compare offers carefully.

The Takeaway

If you’re considering a personal loan, it’s a good idea to take the time to compare the various options available and make sure you understand the terms and costs of a loan. Those with lower credit scores are likely to encounter fewer choices and higher interest rates and fees, while those with a strong financial profile may have a number of solid offers to choose among.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What is the monthly payment on a $10,000 personal loan?

The monthly payment on a $10,000 personal loan will fluctuate based on your credit score, the loan’s interest rate and fees, and the term of the loan, among other factors.

Do I need at least a 620 credit score to get a $10,000 loan?

There is no formal minimum credit score needed for getting a personal loan. Different minimums may apply across the various institutions that offer personal loans in the $10,000 range. Those with a 640 or higher credit score are likely to find a number of options for a $10,000 personal loan; those with higher scores may have more options as well as more favorable terms.

How long will it take to get a $10,000 loan?

Fast-funding options including same-day and next-day loans are common for 10,000 dollar loans. As long as you are prepared with some basic documentation that verifies your identity, address, and income, rapid approval and funding may be available.


Photo credit: iStock/Edwin Tan

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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A Guide to Nursing Student Loans

Guide to Nursing Student Loans: What You Should Know

Pursuing a nursing program can lead to a rewarding career, but as the cost of higher education grows, paying for nursing school might just cause your blood pressure to rise.

Financial aid, including nursing student loans, can help fill the gap between money on hand and education costs, but it’s good to think about your future pay compared with the debt you’re willing to take on.

Keep reading to learn more on nursing school loans, the different types of student loans available, and alternative ways to pay for nursing school.

Key Points

•   Nursing students can borrow using federal student loans (Direct Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and PLUS) or private loans, depending on their needs and eligibility.

•   Subsidized loans offer interest benefits: the government pays accrued interest while you’re in school, during the grace period, or during certain deferments.

•   Unsubsidized and PLUS loans accrue interest from disbursement, and PLUS loans require a credit check.

•   There are loan forgiveness options for nurses, such as the Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program and other federal forgiveness programs.

•   Alternative ways to pay for nursing school include grants, personal loans, and employer tuition reimbursement.

What Are Nursing School Loans?

Nursing school student loans are a type of financial aid available to eligible college students who are enrolled in a program for licensed practical or vocational nurses, registered nurses, nurse practitioners, or nurse anesthetists. They can cover the cost of nursing school tuition, books, and living expenses. Students can rely on both federal and private student loans.

Unlike grants and scholarships, nursing school loans must be repaid, though there may be forgiveness programs and repayment assistance programs available.

Most loan programs, federal and private, have a grace period during school and after graduation before repayment must begin.

How Nursing School Costs Differ from Other Programs

Nursing school often costs more than many other undergraduate programs because of its intensive, hands-on training requirements. Students typically pay additional fees for clinical lab courses, simulation training, medical equipment, uniforms, and licensing exam preparation. Programs also require smaller instructor-to-student ratios in clinical settings, which increases operational costs and is often reflected in higher tuition.

The average cost of nursing school varies heavily depending on the type of program being pursued. Associate degree programs in nursing tend to cost the least and can be completed at a community college. Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs can cost between $40,000 and $80,000, and grad school programs can cost $50,000 to more than $100,000.

Types of Loans Available for Nursing School Students

The Education Department provides options for federal nursing student loans under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. Eligible borrowers can also explore private student loans for additional funding, if needed. Here are the types of student loans available for nursing students.

Direct Subsidized Loans

Federal Direct Subsidized Loans are available to undergraduate students who are enrolled at least half-time at a participating school. Students are required to demonstrate financial need to qualify.

If a nursing student qualifies for a Direct Subsidized Loan, the school determines how much they can receive for that academic year (up to a maximum amount). The government pays the interest that accrues on the loan while the student is enrolled at least half-time, during a six-month grace period after leaving school, and during any period of deferment.

In comparing subsidized vs. unsubsidized loans, the first type favors borrowers more, due to how accrued interest is paid.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students. These loans are not based on financial need, but schools (and government caps) still decide how much students can borrow toward an academic year.

The key difference with this nursing loan option is that students are responsible for interest charges as soon as the loan funds are disbursed.

Direct PLUS Loans

Another federal option for nursing student loans is the Direct PLUS Loan. Grad PLUS Loans are available to graduate students who are pursuing an advanced degree like a Master of Science in Nursing.

Parents of an undergraduate student can help fund their child’s education through a Parent PLUS Loan; undergrads don’t have direct access to this loan option.

Direct PLUS Loans are non-need based and require a credit check. Borrowers are responsible for all interest that accrues. They can receive up to the school’s cost of attendance minus any other financial aid received.

Starting on July 1, 2026, though, Direct Grad PLUS Loans will no longer be available. Students will instead rely on Direct Unsubsidized Loans, which will have new annual and lifetime borrowing caps. Parent PLUS Loans will still be an option, but new limits will apply starting on July 1, 2026.

Private Student Loans

Nursing students who need funding beyond federal student loans can consider private student loans. Private student loans are offered by private financial institutions like banks, credit unions, and online lenders.

Each lender has its own eligibility requirements, interest rates, and loan terms. If you’re eligible for a private student loan, your interest rate and loan details will depend on various factors, including your credit score. Most lenders welcome your bringing a solid cosigner aboard.

State-Based Loan Programs for Nursing Students

State-based loan programs offer low-interest loans, tuition assistance, or forgivable loan programs for students pursuing nursing degrees, especially those willing to work in underserved or high-need areas after graduation.

Eligibility requirements, award amounts, and commitments vary by state, so it’s important for nursing students to research local options early in their academic planning.

Pros and Cons of Loans for Nursing School

The average student loan debt among all health care professionals can be eye-opening, yet healers usually feel the need to heed the call, no matter the cost.

Nursing student loans can be a fast way to finance your college education. However, before jumping in, weigh the benefits of student loans against their disadvantages.

Pros Cons
Quick financing for college costs Will make years of payments after leaving school
Some student loans let you borrow up to the cost of attendance Can cause borrowers to postpone other life goals during repayment
Can make paying for higher education possible for those who are ineligible for other types of financial aid You may need a cosigner to qualify
Repaying student loans on time can help build your credit history Defaulting on student loans can harm your credit and result in additional financial hardship

Understanding Interest Accrual and Repayment Flexibility

It’s important to understand how interest accrual works when it comes to managing education debt. Federal loans begin accruing interest differently depending on whether they are subsidized or unsubsidized, and this interest can capitalize if left unpaid. With subsidized loans, you’re not responsible for the interest while in school and for six months after graduating. Unsubsidized loans begin accruing interest as soon as they’re disbursed.

Fortunately, federal repayment plans offer flexibility — such as income-driven repayment and extended plans — allowing nurses to align monthly payments with their income and career stage. Choosing the right repayment plan helps limit long-term costs and keeps loan payments manageable as you transition into the workforce.

Applying for Nursing Student Loans

The process to apply for nursing student loans depends on the loan option chosen.

Comparing Loans

If you’re thinking about taking out student loans, the first step is to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This application is used to determine aid including work-study, federal student loans, scholarships, and grants.

When it comes to loans, you might want to compare federal student loans that may be offered in your aid package, as well as private student loans.

Prioritizing federal student loans before private student loans can be a good idea, since federal loans offer advantages like income-driven repayment plans and Public Service Loan Forgiveness, which forgives any remaining federal student loan balance after certain borrowers make 120 qualifying payments.

If private nursing student loans are still needed to pay for college, check offers across multiple private lenders. Comparing a handful of private student loan offers can help you find competitive rates and terms.

Applying for Loans

Federal nursing student loans and private student loans have distinct application processes. As stated above, you must submit the FAFSA before the academic year to see if you’re eligible for federal aid.

Private student loans don’t require the FAFSA. Instead, private nursing student loan applications can be submitted online, in person, or by mail, depending on the lender. They require the would-be borrower, or a cosigner, to meet credit and income requirements.

After Applying

It’s a good idea to start the process early when seeking federal student loans for your nursing education. The time between submitting the FAFSA and disbursement of the loan funds to your school can be months.

The turnaround time after applying to receive private student loan funds can be notably shorter. Getting prequalified for a loan can take just minutes.

In general, if you’re approved for a private nursing student loan, you can expect to wait up to 10 weeks after your loan is approved to receive the funds.

Setting Up Repayment While in School

Setting up repayment while in school can help nursing students stay ahead of their loan obligations and reduce long-term costs.

One easy thing to do is prioritize small monthly payments toward unsubsidized loan interest. Doing this can prevent capitalization, keeping total debt lower after graduation.

Alternative Financing Options for Nursing Students

Securing nursing school student loans is only one of many ways to finance your higher education. Other options include personal loans, grants, employer sponsorship, and more.

Personal Loans

Personal loans are a general-purpose loan option that you may be able to use towards nursing school. Not all lenders allow personal loans to be used for education, though.

Repayment begins as soon as funds are disbursed. Check your rate and decide if a personal loan makes sense. One perk of personal loans is you could get funding within 24 hours of loan approval.

Grants

Grants are provided through the federal government, state, your school, nonprofit entities, and private organizations. Since grant funding doesn’t need to be paid back, this aid alternative lets nursing students leave school with less student debt.

Employer Sponsorship

If you plan on working while you’re enrolled in nursing school, you can ask if your company has a sponsorship program. Generally in this situation, your employer will send funds directly to your school.

Nursing School Loan Repayment Assistance Programs (LRAPs)

Nursing school Loan Repayment Assistance Programs (LRAPs) offer nurses financial relief by helping repay a portion of their student loan debt in exchange for service commitments. These programs are typically available at the federal, state, or employer level and often target nurses working in underserved or high-need areas. Options may include:

•  Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program

•  National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program

•  NHSC Rural Community Loan Repayment Program

•  NHSC Students to Service Loan Repayment Program

Military Programs for Nursing Education Funding

Military programs for nursing education funding provide financial support for students pursuing nursing degrees in exchange for service commitments. Options like the Army Nurse Corps, Navy Nurse Candidate Program, and Air Force Health Professions Scholarship Program can cover tuition, fees, and living expenses. These programs offer both educational benefits and guaranteed career opportunities upon commissioning.

Private Student Loans

As mentioned above, private student loans for health professions can help bridge funding gaps when federal aid, scholarships, and grants aren’t enough to cover tuition and expenses. Issued by banks and private lenders, these loans often require a credit check and may offer variable or fixed interest rates. While they can provide quick access to funding, private loans typically lack the flexible repayment plans, subsidies, and forgiveness options available through federal student loans.

The Takeaway

Nursing students have a variety of student loan options to support their education, including subsidized and unsubsidized federal loans, PLUS loans, and private loans. Students can also rely on scholarships, grants, and employer sponsorships to help pay for nursing school. And finally, once graduated, there are financial relief programs available to help pay back student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How do nursing students get loans?

Nursing students can see if they’re eligible for federal student loans by submitting the FAFSA. Private nursing student loans are also available through various private lenders.

Can nursing school loans be forgiven?

Nursing professionals might be eligible for loan forgiveness through federal programs like Public Service Loan Forgiveness and the Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program.

What is the average student loan amount for a nurse?

The median student loan debt among nurses ranges from $40,000 to $55,000, according to the most recent report by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. Depending on the type of degree they have, though, loans can range from $23,000 to $185,000 or more.

Are there special programs for nurses working in underserved areas?

Yes, nurses working in underserved areas can qualify for programs like the Nurse Corps Loan Repayment Program, which covers up to 85% of nursing education debt, and the NHSC Loan Repayment Program, which supports nurses serving in Health Professional Shortage Areas. Many states also offer their own loan assistance programs for eligible nurses.

Can nurses qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)?

Yes, nurses can qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) if they work full-time for a qualifying nonprofit or government employer and make 120 qualifying payments under an income-driven repayment plan. Many hospital systems, public health departments, and nonprofit clinics meet the employment requirements for PSLF eligibility.


Photo credit: iStock/erdikocak

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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A couple sits on a couch, working on a laptop and smiling over the benefits and drawbacks of flex loans.

Flex Loans: Benefits and Drawbacks

A flex loan is a line of credit that is unsecured (meaning no collateral is required). It allows you to withdraw funds as needed up to a predetermined limit. As you pay down the balance, you can continue to borrow from the credit line, similar to a credit card.

While flex loans are usually easier to qualify for than more traditional lending products, they typically come with higher annual percentage rates (APRs) and fees. (Note: SoFi does not offer flex loans, but we do offer personal loans.) Here’s what you need to know about flex loans, including how they work, how much you can borrow, and the pros and cons of using a flex loan for fast cash.

Key Points

•   Flex loans provide quick access to funds through a revolving line of credit, allowing borrowers to withdraw and repay money as needed without collateral.

•   Higher annual percentage rates (APRs) and fees are common with flex loans, making them more expensive than traditional loans, especially if not managed carefully.

•   Approval for flex loans often doesn’t require a credit check, making them accessible to individuals with poor or limited credit histories.

•   While flex loans can help with emergencies, they can lead to excessive debt if borrowers continually draw from the line of credit without a repayment plan.

•   Alternatives to flex loans include credit cards, personal lines of credit, and loans with a guarantor, which may offer lower interest rates and better terms.

What Is a Flex Loan?

Despite the name, a flex loan isn’t actually a loan — it’s an unsecured personal line of credit. Most commonly, you can find flex loans through cash advance companies, though some select credit unions, banks, and online lenders offer them.

Flex loans allow you to withdraw funds from a credit line up to a preapproved limit. You can use the funds in any way you wish. As you pay down the balance, you can continue to borrow from the credit line, similar to a credit card.

Because flex loans typically don’t require a credit check, they can be an attractive option for those who have a poor or limited credit history. But keep in mind: Because lenders assume additional risk by not checking credit, flex loans typically have higher APRs than other lending products, including personal loans, personal lines of credit, and credit cards. For this reason, you may struggle to make payments if interest and fees continue to accumulate.

How Do Flex Loans Work?

A flex loan works similar to a credit card in that it’s a revolving line of credit. Once approved, you’re given a certain credit limit and can borrow up to that amount. As the balance is paid down, that money is once again available to be borrowed.

You’ll receive regular statements showing how much you’ve borrowed and the interest owed, and typically need to make minimum monthly payments. Like a credit card, you may choose to pay only the minimum, or you can pay more. The more you pay each month, generally the less interest you’ll accrue.

Some flex loan lenders charge fees in addition to interest. This may include a flat fee when you take out the loan, as well as periodic fees, which may be daily, monthly, or each time you draw funds from the loan.

How Much Can You Get With a Flex Loan?

The exact amount you’ll be approved for will depend on the lender, as well as where you live, since state laws regulate credit limit amounts. You may be able to borrow anywhere from $100 to several thousand dollars with a flex loan.

Borrowers often turn to flex loans to cover immediate financial needs, emergencies, or hardships, but you can use the loan funds for almost any reason. However, due to the high APRs, it’s generally a smart idea to draw funds from a flex loan only when necessary.

Will a Flex Loan Hurt My Credit?

Getting a flex loan may not require a credit check so applying for one won’t necessarily affect your credit score. But lenders assume extra risk when they don’t do a credit check, so they might charge higher interest to make up for that.

A flex loan may hurt your credit if you don’t manage it responsibly. As with other types of debt, making late payments or missing payments on a flex loan may adversely affect your credit score. It’s a good idea to budget carefully to ensure you’re not borrowing more than you afford to pay back.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

Benefits of Flex Loans

Flex loans may be beneficial for some borrowers. Here’s a look at some of the advantages of flex loans.

Application Process

•   In many cases, you can apply for a flex loan and receive a lending decision within minutes, especially if you apply online.

Access to Funds

•   You may receive access to your funds on the same day as your flex loan approval. Once approved, you can then make withdrawals from your credit line as needed. Funds are typically directly deposited into your bank account.

Credit Score

•   Most flex loan lenders won’t subject you to a credit check, making it less burdensome to qualify for a flex loan even if you don’t have good credit.

Requirements

•   In many cases, flex loans have more lenient requirements compared to other types of loans. In addition to giving the lender your personal details, you may only have to provide proof of employment and income.

Flexible Payment Terms

•   Each month or billing cycle, you can pay the minimum due or more. There are typically no penalties for paying down your debt faster.

Recommended: Typical Personal Loan Requirements Needed for Approval

Dangers of Flex Loans

Flex loans may be an attractive borrowing option because even those with poor credit can borrow money quickly. However, flex loans can present potential dangers.

Interest Rates

•   Flex loans typically carry much higher APRs than traditional lending products like personal loans and credit cards. If you can get a flex loan through a credit union, APRs can range from 24% to 28% or higher. If you get one from a cash advance company, the APR on a flex loan can reach triple digits.

Minimum Payments

•   You have the option to pay only the minimum payments on your flex loan. But if that’s all you pay, fees and interest will continue to grow your debt, making it increasingly harder to pay off the entire balance.

Excessive Debt

•   It can be tempting to borrow money repeatedly with a flex loan, but doing so can come at a high cost. If you continue to borrow money and don’t have a plan to pay down the amount you owe, a flex loan can lead to a cycle of debt that can be hard to break out of.

Risk of Predatory Lending Practices

•   It’s worth noting that some lenders can charge what are considered predatory interest rates, as high as 280% APR vs. an interest rate of, say, 20% you might pay on a credit card. This means borrowers run the risk of being mired in fast-rising debt.

Pros and Cons of Flex Loans

Here’s how the pros and cons look in chart form:

Pros of Flex Loans Cons of Flex Loans
Quick application process Higher interest rates
Access to funding Paying only the minimum allow fees and interest to grow
Often no credit check Excessive debt can build up
Lenient requirements Risk of predatory interest rates
Flexible payment terms

When Should You Take Out a Flex Loan?

A flex loan may be worth considering if you need quick access to cash and don’t want to go through a lengthy application process or can’t qualify for more traditional lending options. A flex loan may also be an option for those who want to have a backup source of funds in case of an emergency, like an unexpected car repair or dental bill.

However, because of the high APRs and added fees, you generally want to consider a flex loan only after exhausting other borrowing options, such as personal loans.

When to Apply for a Flex Loan

There may be other ways to get needed cash without paying interest rates as high as flex loans tend to offer. But if you’ve exhausted all other options, even a loan from a pawn shop, and you have a plan to repay the loan at the lowest possible cost to you, it may be an option you could pursue.

Emergency Expenses

Unfortunately, emergency situations can be part of life. Perhaps you need a major car repair or get hit with a huge dental bill. Or your home’s heating system conks out in the middle of winter. If you don’t have enough in an emergency fund to cover this kind of expense and other financing isn’t available, a flex loan might be an option.

Temporary Cash Flow Gaps

There are times when you may have issues with money coming in and going out. Perhaps you are in between jobs, or you are a seasonal worker and it’s the off-season. In these situations, you may want to access a flex loan to cover bills that need paying.

Alternatives to Flex Loans

Before applying for a flex loan, you may want to consider the following alternatives.

Personal Loan

Even if you have a limited credit history or bad credit, you may still qualify for a personal loan, albeit with a higher interest rate than those with solid credit would likely be offered. It can be worthwhile to see what terms various lenders offer you in this scenario.

Credit Cards

Like flex loans, credit cards are a form of revolving credit you can draw from on a recurring basis. While interest charges for credit cards can be high, they tend to be lower than flex loans. Depending on the card, you may also have an annual fee and other fees based on your use of the account.

Other Options

Here are a couple of other alternatives to a flex loan:

•   Personal line of credit: If you have healthy credit, a personal line of credit may be a worthy alternative because of its typically lower interest rates. However, you will be subject to a credit check, and the application process may take longer compared to a flex loan.

•   Personal loan with a guarantor: If you’re unable to qualify for an unsecured personal loan due to a poor or limited credit history, you might consider asking a friend or family member to help you get a guarantor loan. A guarantor is legally responsible for the repayment of the loan if the borrower defaults, but has no legal claim to any property the funds were used to purchase.

•   Payday alternative loans (PALs) are offered by federal credit unions and may provide an option for a small amount of short-term funding. Interest rates are typically capped at 28%.

Also explore if your employer offers any programs to advance your pay, whether cash advance apps could help, or if a buy now, pay later purchase could help you through a time when money is tight. One last consideration: You might ask a friend or family member for a loan.

Recommended: What Are Hardship Loans?

The Takeaway

Before taking out any type of loan, you’ll want to consider the benefits versus the costs. If you need cash for an emergency, it can be a good idea to look at all your borrowing options before settling on a flex loan due to the high interest rates and fees associated with these loans. (Note: SoFi does not offer flex loans, but we do offer personal loans.) Shopping around is a good way to see what you may qualify for and help you find a lender you feel comfortable working with.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What is a flex loan?

A flex loan is a form of revolving credit that allows you to withdraw funds up to a certain credit limit. As you pay down your balance, the funds become available to borrow again.

How much can you get with a flex loan?

Borrowing limits for flex loans will depend on the lender and where you live, since state laws regulate credit limit amounts. You may be able to borrow anywhere from $100 to several thousand dollars with a flex loan.

Will a flex loan hurt my credit?

Applying for a flex loan typically won’t affect your credit because lenders typically don’t do a credit check when you apply for the loan. However, lenders may report your borrowing activity to the major consumer credit bureaus. As a result, any late or missed payments could negatively affect your credit.

When should you avoid a flex loan?

There are a few scenarios when it can be wise to avoid a flex loan. One case is when the interest rates are excessively high; this can lead to getting deeper in debt. Also be cautious if you feel you don’t have good self-control when it comes to spending. A flex loan could be a path to owing more rather than repaying your debt.

Are there better alternatives to flex loans?

There can be better alternatives to flex loans. You might see what interest rate you are offered for a personal loan or how much it would cost to use a credit card. Or you could investigate payday alternatives loans (PALs), which are offered by federal credit unions at more favorable rates. Cash advance apps, employer paycheck advances, family loans, a personal loan with a guarantor, and buy now pay later purchasing can also be helpful options.


Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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Can Private Student Loans Be Discharged in Bankruptcy?

Private student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy (meaning you are released from your debt obligation), but the process is notoriously difficult. Not only does the bankruptcy filing require an additional step called an adversary proceeding, but you’ll also need to prove your student loans cause undue hardship by passing certain tests. The process can be expensive and damage your credit for years to come.

However, successful applicants may see their private student loan debt discharged or temporarily restructured with more affordable payments. Read on for a closer look at bankruptcy and private student loans so you have a clear understanding of your options.

Key Points

•   Private student loans can be discharged in bankruptcy, but only under strict conditions, as borrowers must prove the debt causes “undue hardship.”

•   You must file an adversary proceeding — a separate lawsuit within the bankruptcy case — which makes the discharge process more complex and costly.

•   Courts typically use the “Brunner Test” to evaluate undue hardship.

•   The Brunner Test requires proof that repaying the loan would prevent you from maintaining a basic standard of living, that financial hardship is likely to continue, and that you’ve made good-faith efforts to repay.

•   Bankruptcy discharge of private student loans is risky and can hurt your credit long-term.

Private vs Federal Student Loans

Student loans can help pay for the cost of higher education. According to Education Data Initiative, the average cost of a year at college is currently $38,270, including books and daily living expenses.

There are two types of student loans: federal student loans and private student loans.

•   Federal student loans are issued by the Department of Education. Federal loans have some benefits and protections that private loans don’t have. These can include deferment and student loan forbearance (a temporary postponement or reduction of your student loan payments).

•   Private student loans come from private lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and online loan providers. They do not offer the same protections and benefits as federal student loans.

Student Loans and Bankruptcy

There are different paths for student loans to potentially be discharged in bankruptcy. In the past, federal student loan discharge through bankruptcy was even more difficult than private loan discharge. However, the Department of Justice announced changes to the process in November 2022 that simplified the process for federal loan borrowers.

Under the new rules, borrowers can complete a 15-page Attestation Form to show that their student loans cause undue hardship. The Department of Justice also introduced new guidelines for undue hardship to make them more fair and consistent for debtors.

Private student loans don’t qualify for this new process, but it’s still possible to include them in a bankruptcy proceeding. It may be best to consult a student loan lawyer who can help guide you through the process.

Key Differences in Protections and Repayment Options

Federal and private student loans differ significantly in the protections and repayment flexibility they offer. Federal loans provide built-in safety nets — such as income-driven repayment, deferment, forbearance, and forgiveness programs — while private loans rely on lender-specific policies that are often more limited.

Key differences include:

•   Federal loans offer income-driven repayment plans; private loans typically do not.

•   Federal loans may qualify for forgiveness programs like PSLF.

•   Private lenders set their own deferment and forbearance rules.

•   Federal loans usually have fixed interest rates; private loans may have variable rates.

•   Credit checks are required for most private loans, but not for federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans.

Recommended: Private Student Loan Refinance

Private Student Loans and Bankruptcy Laws

Private student loan discharge is available under section 523(a)(8) of the Bankruptcy Code — if the debtor can prove that their student loans cause undue hardship. While undue hardship has historically not been clearly defined, most courts use what’s known as the Brunner Test to make this determination (more on this below).

Whether or not student loans are discharged also depends on the type of bankruptcy you file for, meaning whether it’s Chapter 7 or Chapter 13.

•   Chapter 7 bankruptcy: Chapter 7 bankruptcy can discharge your debts after liquidating your assets. This type of bankruptcy stays on your credit report for 10 years.

•   Chapter 13 bankruptcy: Chapter 13 bankruptcy reorganizes your debts with a new repayment plan that spans three to five years. Some unsecured debts (such as credit card debt or personal loans) may be discharged at the end of the plan, but take note: You’ll still be responsible for your student loans — the remaining balance, plus interest. Collections will be paused during this time, but your loans will accrue interest. Chapter 13 bankruptcy stays on your credit report for seven years.

There are a few other circumstances where private student loans can be discharged, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. For instance, you may qualify for private student loan discharge if:

•   You borrowed more than your school’s cost of attendance.

•   You got loans for a school that wasn’t eligible for Title IV funding, such as an unaccredited college or trade certificate program.

•   Your loans were used to cover fees and living expenses while you studied for a professional exam, such as the bar exam.

•   Your loans were used to cover fees, living expenses, or moving costs while you were in medical or dental residency.

•   Your loans were made while you were attending school less than half-time.

If any of the above scenarios apply, you may be able to discharge your private student loans in bankruptcy without having to meet the more difficult standard of the Brunner Test.

In 2025, the Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2025 was introduced in Congress, proposing that private student loans be discharged in bankruptcy without requiring borrowers to prove “undue hardship.” While this has yet to pass, current shifts suggest better prospects ahead. Anyone considering bankruptcy as an option should stay informed of evolving laws and recent rulings.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Calculator

Understanding the Bankruptcy Process

Your first step in declaring bankruptcy is filing for bankruptcy and paying the associated fees.

•   The initial filing fee for Chapter 7 bankruptcy (which focuses on unsecured debt, such as credit card debt and personal loans) is usually around $338.

•   The filing fee for Chapter 13 bankruptcy (which typically involves discharging unsecured debt while catching up on secured debt, such as a mortgage) is likely to be around $313.

In addition, attorney costs can vary and may add up to thousands of dollars. While this can be a steep expense, an experienced attorney or student loan lawyer can help you navigate the process, as well as help you determine which type of bankruptcy fits your financial circumstances.

What Is the Process of Getting Student Loans Discharged?

To get private student loans discharged through bankruptcy, you’ll need to take the extra step of filing an adversary proceeding. This is basically a lawsuit within the bankruptcy. Essentially, the adversary proceeding means that you’re suing your student loan lender or servicer. The fee to file an adversary proceeding is often around $350.

After filing this adversary proceeding and outlining your case, a judge will determine whether you qualify for private student loan discharge through bankruptcy.

Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy offer two very different paths for borrowers seeking student loan discharge, each with its own implications.

Chapter 7, often known as liquidation bankruptcy, is designed for individuals with limited income and few assets. It eliminates many forms of unsecured debt, but student loans are only discharged if the borrower files an adversary proceeding and proves undue hardship. This route is generally faster — usually a few months — but borrowers must meet strict income requirements to qualify.

Chapter 13, on the other hand, reorganizes debt rather than eliminating it outright. Borrowers enter a three- to five-year repayment plan based on their income, during which collection efforts pause. While student loans are typically not discharged at the end of the plan without an adversary proceeding, Chapter 13 can make payments more manageable in the meantime and provide temporary relief.

Role of Adversary Proceedings in Student Loan Discharge

An adversary proceeding functions like a separate lawsuit within the bankruptcy case, where the borrower must formally sue the student loan lender or servicer and present evidence that repaying the loans would cause “undue hardship.” This process includes filing a complaint, exchanging documents, and potentially testifying in court.

While it adds time and complexity to the bankruptcy process, the adversary proceeding is the mechanism that allows a judge to review the borrower’s circumstances in detail and determine whether a full or partial discharge is justified.

Recommended: Student Loans and Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

What Is the Brunner Test?

The Brunner Test is a legal standard used in many bankruptcy courts to determine whether a borrower can discharge their student loans by proving “undue hardship.”

The Three Prongs of the Brunner Standard

The Brunner Test requires meeting three main guidelines:

1.    Repaying your student loans would make it impossible for you to maintain a minimal standard of living.

2.    Your financial difficulties are likely to persist throughout a significant portion of your student loan repayment period.

3.    You’ve shown a good-faith effort to pay back your student loans in the past.

Criticisms and Alternatives to the Brunner Test

Critics argue that the Brunner Test is outdated, overly strict, and inconsistently applied across courts. Many say the “minimal standard of living” requirement sets an unreasonably high bar, making it nearly impossible for struggling borrowers to qualify for relief. Others contend that proving long-term hardship is unrealistic and that the “good-faith effort” standard is vague and subjective, often leading to unpredictable outcomes.

Some courts use an alternative test called the totality of circumstances test. With this test, the court considers your past, present, and future financial resources, along with your living expenses and other relevant circumstances. Basically, they look at your entire financial picture to determine whether your student loans cause undue hardship and would qualify for discharge through bankruptcy.

Recommended: Finding Student Loans and Scholarships

The Takeaway

Discharging private student loans through bankruptcy is difficult, but not impossible if you can prove they cause undue financial hardship in your life. Filing and qualifying for bankruptcy is complex, however, so you’ll likely need to hire an attorney to help you navigate the process. It’s also a last resort, as it can be expensive and can negatively impact your credit for years to come.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can private student loans be discharged through bankruptcy?

Private student loans can be discharged through bankruptcy if you can prove they cause undue hardship. When filing for bankruptcy, you’ll have to take the extra step of filing an adversary proceeding, which is essentially an additional lawsuit against your student loan lender or servicing company.

Are private student loans treated differently in bankruptcy?

Private student loans are treated differently than other types of debt in bankruptcy. You’ll have to meet a higher standard to have them discharged, typically the Brunner Test or totality of circumstances test. Plus, student loans aren’t discharged at the end of a Chapter 13 repayment plan — you’ll still owe your remaining balance, plus interest.

What are the requirements to prove undue hardship?

The requirements to prove undue hardship vary, but you typically must show the following: repaying your student loans would prevent you from maintaining a minimal standard of living, your financial situation is likely to persist throughout your repayment period, and you’ve made a good-faith effort to pay back your student loans.

What is an adversary proceeding in student loan bankruptcy cases?

An adversary proceeding in student loan bankruptcy cases is a separate lawsuit within the bankruptcy process where the borrower asks the court to determine whether their student loans can be discharged. It typically requires proving “undue hardship,” making it a more complex and evidence-based step than standard bankruptcy filings.

Have there been recent updates to bankruptcy laws for student loans?

The Student Loan Bankruptcy Improvement Act of 2025 has been introduced to Congress. It would reform discharge standards to make it easier for borrowers to have student loans eliminated without the previously strict undue-hardship requirement. The Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Fairness Act of 2025 was also introduced to Congress and aims to allow private student loans to be discharged more easily.


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