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When you’re shopping for car insurance in Arizona, knowing the average cost of coverage can be helpful. That way, you can compare it to the quotes you’re receiving.

A number of factors can influence how much you pay for car insurance. Besides geography, insurers may consider your driving record, age, gender, credit score, car type, and level of coverage. Rates can also vary by insurance company, which is why it may make sense to shop around.

Here’s a look at the average cost of car insurance in Arizona and how different factors may impact what drivers there pay for protection.

How Much Does Car Insurance Cost in Arizona?

Drivers in Arizona pay an average of $2,429 per year for car insurance coverage, according to a 2025 U.S. News & World Report analysis of cheap car insurance companies. This is higher than the national average of $2,012 per year.

Average Car Insurance Cost in Arizona per Month

The average monthly cost of car insurance in Arizona is $202.42, which is higher than the national monthly average of $167.67. As the chart below shows, the amount you pay can vary by insurer.

Source: U.S. News & World Report

Average Car Insurance Cost in Arizona by City

Where you live can impact how much you’ll pay for car insurance. That’s because when determining how much to charge for coverage, insurers often take into account factors such as the local rates of traffic, accidents, and crime.

As a general rule, people living in cities tend to pay more for car insurance than those residing in small towns or rural areas. And as the chart below shows, the amount can also vary depending on which city you call home.

Here are estimates for the seven biggest cities in Arizona, in order of population:

Source: Bankrate.com

Recommended: How to Get Car Insurance

Average Car Insurance Cost in Arizona by the Age and Gender of the Driver

Your age can affect premium prices. In general, younger, newer drivers tend to pay higher premiums because they often have more accidents than older, more experienced drivers.

Gender can also play a role in costs. Women often pay lower premiums than men because they tend to get into fewer severe accidents.

Source: U.S. News and World Report

Average Car Insurance Rates After an At-Fault Accident

Your driving record matters, and car insurance rates can go up after an accident or traffic violation. For example, drivers in Arizona with one accident on their record pay an average rate of $3,571 per year for coverage, or $1,142 more than the state average of $2,429. One speeding ticket can boost a driver’s average annual rate to $3,036, or $607 higher than the state average. And a conviction for driving under the influence can raise a motorist’s annual rate to, on average, $3,694, which is $1,265 higher than the state average.

Average Car Insurance Costs for Good and Bad Credit

Some states prohibit insurance companies from pulling your credit report, but it’s allowed in Arizona — and the results could impact how much your coverage costs. Drivers with bad credit could end up paying hundreds more per year for car insurance. An analysis from U.S. News and World Report found that drivers with poor credit pay an average of $4,549 per year for auto insurance, while those with good credit pay around $2,429.

What Else Affects Your Car Insurance Cost?

Let’s look at other factors that can influence how much you might pay for car insurance.

Insurance History

Drivers who have allowed their coverage to lapse might be more likely to cancel their policy or present other risks for insurers, so having a continuous insurance history may qualify you for a lower rate. This will likely hold true whether you’re switching car insurance carriers or seeking to have a policy reinstated after going a few years without one.

Make and Model of the Car

When setting a rate, insurance companies often consider how expensive it would be to repair or replace the driver’s car. The higher these costs are, the more the driver will likely pay for coverage. However, if you have a newer car that’s equipped with more safety features, you may be eligible for a lower rate.

Marital Status

Married drivers may qualify for more discounts than single drivers, since insurers often place them in a different risk category.

Amount of Coverage

How much car insurance do you need? The answer depends on a number of factors, including the state’s minimum car insurance requirements, your budget, and your lifestyle. As a rule of thumb, the more coverage you have, the more expensive your policy will probably be.

Recommended: Does Auto Insurance Roadside Assistance Cover Keys Locked in a Car?

How to Get Affordable Car Insurance

The cost of coverage varies by insurer. To find affordable coverage, it can be a good idea to shop around and compare quotes from various online insurance companies.

First, however, you’ll want to figure out how much car insurance you need. Keep in mind your state’s minimum car insurance requirements as well as any additional coverage you may need.

If you’re looking to lower your car insurance, there are several strategies to consider. You may want to explore different policy options; look for bundling opportunities if you can get your home and auto insurance from the same company; ask about possible discounts; and consider whether a policy with a higher deductible makes sense for you.

Recommended: Cheapest Car Insurance Companies: Find the Cheapest Car Insurance for You

The Takeaway

Drivers in Arizona pay an average of $2,429 per year for car insurance, which is higher than the national average of $2,012 per year. But as in most states, the amount you’ll pay in Arizona can depend on a wide range of factors, such as your age, gender, driving record, credit score, and even where you live. Shopping around and considering exactly what kind of coverage you need may help you find a policy that works for you.

When you’re ready to shop for auto insurance, SoFi can help. Our online auto insurance comparison tool lets you see quotes from a network of top insurance providers within minutes, saving you time and hassle.

FAQ

How much is full coverage car insurance in Arizona?

The average cost of car insurance in Arizona is $2,429 annually, which breaks down to $202.42 monthly. Your costs may be different, depending on your age, gender, driving record, credit scores, the area you live in, and other factors.

Is $300 per month a lot for car insurance in Arizona?

In many cases, the average monthly cost for coverage is below $300. But premium amounts vary based on a number of factors. A 17-year-old male driver, for example, could very well pay more than $300 per month because of his age and lack of driving experience.

How much car insurance should I have in Arizona?

Arizona requires the following minimum coverage limits: $25,000 for one person (not yourself) who sustains injury or death in an accident; $50,000 for two or more people (not including you) sustaining injury or death; and $15,000 for another party’s property damage. You can have additional coverage that covers other situations, such as your medical bills and theft.

Photo credit: iStock/twildlife

Auto Insurance: Must have a valid driver’s license. Not available in all states.
Home and Renters Insurance: Insurance not available in all states.
Experian is a registered trademark of Experian.
SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC. (“”SoFi””) is compensated by Experian for each customer who purchases a policy through the SoFi-Experian partnership.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOPRO-Q126-002

Renovations can improve your home and increase its value. But as any seasoned homeowner will tell you, those projects can be expensive. If you can’t afford to cover the costs out of pocket, you may wonder if a construction loan is right for you. While it is an option, there are complications that people should be aware of, as well as other home loans for renovations that might be a better fit.

Let’s take a look at construction loans, their requirements, and some alternatives to consider.

What a Construction Loan Is and How it Works

Construction loans finance the building of a new home or substantial renovations to a current home. They are typically short-term loans with higher interest rates, designed to cover the costs of land, plans, permits and fees, labor, materials, and closing costs. They can also provide a contingency reserve if construction goes over budget.

With a construction loan for home renovation or a new build, applicants must submit project plans and schedules along with their financial information as part of the qualification process. We’ll get into that in more detail below.

How Funds Are Disbursed During the Project

Once approved for a construction loan for a remodel or new build, a homeowner receives funding for the first phase of the project only, rather than a lump sum. As construction progresses, assessments are provided to the lender so that the next round of funds can be released. Meanwhile, borrowers make interest-only payments on the funds they’ve received.

When construction is finished — and the borrower now has a home to serve as collateral — the construction loan may be converted to or paid off by a regular mortgage. The borrower then begins repaying both the principal and interest.

Eligibility Requirements and Typical Terms

The formal application process for a construction loan involves submitting plans and specifications for the proposed building. Your builder will need to provide blueprints, estimated costs, and a schedule for the project. With a typical home mortgage loan the back-and-forth is between you and the lender; in a construction loan the builder or contractor will also play a key role, supplying important supporting documents.

As with a typical mortgage, the lender will scrutinize the borrower’s credit score (680 or above is ideal) and debt-to-income ratio, and you can expect to be asked to provide proof of income. A down payment of 20% is often required for a construction loan — after all, the lender is loaning money against collateral that doesn’t entirely exist yet.

Recommended: Home Maintenance Checklist

Renovation Loans vs. Construction Loans: What’s the Difference?

Though renovation loans and construction loans can be used for similar purposes, there are important differences to know. Let’s take a closer look at both types of loans.

Renovation Loans

Unlike other types of home improvement loans, a renovation loan takes into account the property’s after-repair value, which is an estimation of the home’s value once the improvements are made. This can be good news for borrowers, especially those buying a fixer-upper. That’s because they may be able to secure a larger loan amount than they would with a traditional mortgage based on the home’s current value.

What’s more, renovation loans often come with lower interest rates than credit cards and unsecured personal loans.

Some common types of lending for renovations include:

•  Government-sponsored loans, such as the FHA 203(k) home loan, Freddie Mac’s CHOICERenovation loan, and Fannie Mae’s HomeStyle renovation loan. Each type has its own rules and requirements.

•  VA renovation loans, which are available to eligible veterans and active-duty military personnel.

It’s also possible to use a home equity loan or home equity line of credit for renovations. More on that below.

Construction Loans

As we mentioned, a construction loan is commonly used to pay for building a brand-new home. In some cases, the loan can be converted to a mortgage after your home is finished. However, getting one can be more challenging than securing a conventional mortgage.

Lenders generally want to see a debt-to-income ratio of 45% or lower and a high credit score, and you may be required to make a down payment of at least 20%. Depending on the type of construction loan you apply for, you may also be required to provide a detailed plan, budget, and schedule for the construction. Some lenders will also need to approve your builder.

There are different types of construction loans to consider:

•  Construction-to-permanent loans, or single-close loans, which converts to a mortgage once the project is finished. The borrower saves money on closing costs by eliminating a second loan closing.

•  Construction-only loans, or standalone construction loans, which must be paid off when the building is complete. You will need to apply for a mortgage if you don’t have the cash to do so.

•  Renovation construction loans, which are designed to cover the cost of substantial renovations on an existing home. The loan gets folded into the mortgage once the project is complete.

Pros and Cons of Using a Renovation Loan

As you explore different home improvement loans, consider the following pros and cons of renovation loans.

Pros

•  Borrowers may have access to substantial funds that can pay for major upgrades or repairs.

•  Money can be used for a wide variety of renovation projects.

•  The loan amount is based on the home’s projected value after the repairs and renovations are complete.

•  Interest rates tend to be lower than what you’d be offered with an unsecured loan or credit card.

Cons

•  You may be required to use your home as collateral.

•  As with any loan, you’ll need to meet certain eligibility requirements, such as a good credit score, low debt-to-income ratio, and proof of income and employment.

•  A renovation loan increases your debt load, which could put a strain on your finances.

Recommended: Home Inspection Checklist

Pros and Cons of Using a Construction Loan

There are advantages and disadvantages to consider before taking out remodeling construction loans to fund renovations.

Pros

•  Funds can be used to cover all construction expenses.

•  Borrowers can use equity from other investments as collateral.

•  Loan requirements are generally focused on the construction process instead of a borrower’s credit profile.

•  Borrowers may only need to make interest payments during construction.

•  Loan terms may be more flexible than a traditional loan.

Cons

•  Funds are released as work progresses instead of in one lump sum.

•  It can be difficult to find lenders that offer competitive rates and to qualify for them — particularly if you don’t have a flawless credit history.

•  Loans tend to be short-term and must be paid in full at the end of the term.

•  May need to provide extensive documentation on the construction process in order to get approved.

•  If construction is delayed, you may need to ask the lender for an extension on the loan. This can cause interest rates and fees to accumulate.

When to Use a Renovation Loan vs. a Construction Loan

The key to knowing when to use a renovation loan vs. a construction loan is written right in the names of these financial tools. If you’re building a home, a construction loan will be necessary. But if you are substantially renovating a home, a renovation loan might be just the ticket. It’s not your only option, however, and there are less complicated ways to finance small- or medium-size renovations.

Alternative Ways to Finance Home Renovations

If you are planning a small construction project or renovation, there are a few financing alternatives that might be easier to access and give you more flexibility. Here’s a look at home equity loan vs. HELOCs vs. home improvement loans.

Personal Loans for Renovations

An unsecured personal loan can fund a renovation project or supplement other construction financing.

Personal loan interest rates are typically lower than construction loan rates, depending on your financial profile. And you can frequently choose a personal loan with a fixed interest rate.

Personal loans also offer potentially better terms. Instead of being required to pay off the loan as soon as the home is finished, you can opt for a longer repayment period. And applying for a personal loan and getting approved can be much faster and easier than for a construction loan.

The drawbacks? You won’t be able to roll your personal loan into a mortgage once your renovation or building project is finished.

And because the loan is disbursed all at once, you will have to parse out the money yourself, instead of depending on the lender to finance the build in stages.

Cash-Out Refinance for Construction Costs

A cash-out refinance is also a good financing tool, particularly if you have a lot of equity in your current home. With a cash-out refinance, you refinance your home for more than you owe and are given the difference in cash.

You can estimate your building or renovation expenses with this Home Improvement Cost Calculator. Add your estimate to what you owe on your home to get the amount of your refinance.

Home Equity Loans and HELOCs

Both a home equity loan and a home equity line of credit (HELOC) allow you to borrow funds based on your home equity to use for any purpose you wish. Your home serves as collateral. This means that if you fail to repay what you borrow, with interest, the lender could foreclose. The good news, though, is that because the lending is secured by your home, interest rates are often pretty attractive.

Home equity loans are lump-sum loans, typically with a fixed interest rate. So your monthly payment remains the same for the full repayment term, which could be up to 30 years.

A HELOC is a credit line. You can draw against it as needed, up to the maximum you are allowed. For the first five or ten years, you often don’t have to repay the principal — you can just pay interest. Interest on HELOCs is more likely to be a variable rate, so payments can be somewhat unpredictable. After the initial “draw” period you have to stop borrowing and you begin to repay what you have borrowed, with interest.

Grants or Government Programs for Certain Renovations

FHA loans and VA loans aren’t the only government programs that can help fund renovations. There may be grants or loans available from government or nonprofit sources, depending on your specific renovation project and your personal circumstances. Check your local government web site for more information about programs in your local area. There are often programs specifically for older adults, Native Americans, and those in rural areas. If your renovations might make your home more energy efficient, also check in with your local power company.

Using Savings or Cash for Smaller Projects

Remember that if your renovations aren’t a big production, you may be able to earmark savings for them, if the repairs aren’t urgent and you are willing to be patient and save up the money. Flexing your savings muscle is a good idea even if you are financing some or all of the work. “When budgeting for a remodel, it can be helpful to have a dedicated fund for renovation expenses. This can help you allocate the appropriate amount of money,” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi.

The Takeaway

Planning a new home or substantial renovation? There are several ways to pay for the projects. One option is a renovation loan, which lets you pay for major (and minor) renovations without having to dip into your personal savings. Another option is a construction loan, which typically covers the entirety of new construction expenses. For smaller projects, a personal loan can be a good option — and a lot less complicated.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Can you use a construction loan for renovations on an existing home?

It is possible to use a construction loan to fund renovations on an existing home, but it may not be the easiest way to borrow for your renovation. That said, if you need a very large sum and are planning to work with a builder or contractor who can help provide plans and other supporting documents, it is doable.

Can you convert a construction loan to a regular mortgage after renovations are complete?

It is possible to either convert a construction loan to a typical mortgage or take out a mortgage to pay off a construction loan. Explore what your options will be before you sign on to a construction loan with a lender.

Do you need equity in your home to qualify for a renovation or construction loan?

Lenders who fund renovation or construction loans often like to see that a homeowner has a significant amount of equity — sometimes 20% or more — before financing the work. The exception would be for an FHA 203(k) loan. If you have a credit score of 580 or better, you may be able to fund a renovation with an FHA loan even if you have just 3.5% equity. A score from 500 to 579 will require 10% equity.

How do inspections and draw schedules work with construction loans?

In the application stage of your construction loan, you will (with your builder or contractor’s help) submit a schedule with certain milestones that correspond to stages of funding of your loan. As your project reaches each milestone, the project manager, builder, or you will report in to the lender. It’s not just a casual phone call: Your draw request (the process of drawing down your loan) will require documentation, and an inspector may come out to review the work. Once all this is completed and the lender is satisfied, the lender will send the funds.

What are some alternatives if I don’t qualify for a construction or renovation loan?

If you don’t qualify for a construction loan for renovation or a government-backed renovation loan such as an FHA 203(k) loan, you might look into a personal loan, which is unsecured. Or if you have some equity built up in your home, you might fund your renovations by using a home equity loan, home equity line of credit (HELOC), or a cash-out refinance.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOPL-Q126-004

If you have high-interest credit card debt and are ready to put together a plan to pay it back, you might be considering one of two popular methods: credit card refinancing vs. debt consolidation.

Both involve paying off your debt with another credit card or loan, ideally at a lower interest rate. Still, the two methods are not the same, and both options require careful consideration. Below, we’ll discuss the pros and cons of each debt payback method, so you can make an informed decision.

What Is Credit Card Refinancing and How Does it Work?

Credit card refinancing is the process of moving your credit card balance(s) from one card or lender to another with a lower interest rate. The main purpose of refinancing is to reduce the amount of interest you’re paying with a lower rate while you pay off the balance.

Common Ways to Refinance Credit Card Debt

A common way to accomplish a credit card refinance is to pay off your existing credit cards with a brand-new balance-transfer credit card. This type of card offers a low or 0% interest rate for a promotional period that may last from a few months to 18 months or more. Can you refinance a credit card that you already have? Perhaps. You can always try to approach your existing credit card issuer and ask for a lower interest rate, possibly by doing a balance transfer to a lower-rate card issued by the same company.

What are the Benefits of Credit Card Refinancing?

We’ve discussed what is credit card refinancing and its goal: to lower your interest rate. Now let’s explore some of the benefits (and drawbacks) of refinancing.

Pros

•   You may qualify for a promotional 0% annual percentage rate (APR) during your card’s introductory period. If you can pay down your debt during this time, you could potentially get out of debt faster.

•   Depending on the interest rate you’re offered, you could save money in interest charges.

•   Bill paying would be streamlined if you decide to refinance multiple credit cards into one new credit card.

•   If monthly payments are reasonable, it may be easier to consistently pay them on time. This can help build your credit score.

Cons

•   The introductory 0% interest period is short-term, and after it ends, the interest rate can skyrocket to as high as 25%.

•   There may be a balance transfer fee of 3%-5%, which can add to your debt.

•   0% interest balance transfer cards often require a good or excellent credit score to qualify.

•   Your credit score may temporarily dip a few points when you apply for a new credit card or loan. That’s because the lender will likely run a hard credit check.

Recommended: What Is the 10% Credit Card Interest Rate Cap Act?

Who Should Consider Credit Card Refinancing?

Credit card refinancing isn’t right for everyone. That said, a balance transfer to a 0% APR card could be a good move if you have a smaller debt to manage or are carrying a balance on more than one credit card. Plus, transferring multiple balances into one card can streamline bills. All of the usual credit card rules apply when you transfer a balance, so you’ll want to make every payment on time with your new card.

Refinancing may make sense if you’re looking for better terms on your credit card debt, qualify for a 0% APR, and can pay off the balance before the promotional period ends.
So, as you’re weighing your options, you’ll want to consider a number of factors, including:

•   Your credit score and credit history

•   How much debt you have

•   Your personal finances and whether or not you can eliminate the debt fairly quickly

Recommended: The Risks of Payday Loans

What Is Credit Card Debt Consolidation?

Credit card debt consolidation is an alternative to credit card refinancing. The term “debt consolidation” refers to the process of paying off multiple credit cards or other types of debt (such as medical debt) with a single loan, referred to as a debt consolidation loan. The main purpose of consolidation is to simplify bills by combining multiple payments into one fixed loan payment, while ideally also saving on interest.

Types of Debt Consolidation

There are two primary types of debt consolidation loans: a personal loan and a loan secured by your home equity. The latter could be either a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). Not everyone owns a home or has enough equity to qualify for home equity lending, so let’s focus on what a personal loan is and how you might use it to consolidate debt.

A personal loan (sometimes referred to as a debt consolidation loan) will often have a lower interest rate than most credit cards (with the exception of the 0% APR period on a credit card, of course). However in order to qualify for a lower rate on a personal loan, you’ll need to have a strong credit score, which will largely determine your personal loan interest rate. Depending on your financial profile, you might be able to borrow anywhere from $5,000 to $100,000.

There are pros and cons to paying off multiple credit cards with a single short-term loan. Let’s take a look:

Pros

•   Personal loans often have lower interest rates than credit cards and can save you money on monthly payments as well as on interest charges over the life of your debt repayment.

•   You can pay off multiple debts with one loan, which can take the hassle out of bill paying.

•   The structured nature of a personal loan means you can make equal payments toward the debt at a fixed rate until it is eliminated.

•   With most personal loans, you can opt for a fixed interest rate, which ensures payments won’t change over time. (Variable interest rate loans are available, but their lower initial rate can go up as market rates rise.)

Cons

•   The terms of a loan will almost always be based on your credit history and holistic financial picture (another reminder to keep an eye on personal finance basics like making timely payments). Not every borrower will qualify for a low interest rate or get approved for a personal loan at all.

•   Some lenders may charge fees, including personal loan origination fees.

💡 Quick Tip: Wherever you stand on the proposed Trump credit card interest cap, one of the best strategies to pay down high-interest credit card debt is to secure a lower interest rate. A SoFi personal loan for credit card debt can provide a cheaper, faster, and predictable way to pay off debt.

Credit Card Refinancing vs. Debt Consolidation

To recap, the difference between debt consolidation and a credit card refinance is first a matter of goals.

With credit card refinancing — as with other forms of debt refinancing — the aim is to save money by lowering your interest rate. Debt consolidation may or may not save you money on interest, but will certainly simplify bills by replacing multiple credit card obligations with a single monthly payment and a structured payback schedule. This structure and simplification can be just what it takes to help some borrowers who are struggling with credit to get their debt paid off.

The other difference is that credit card refinancing typically utilizes a balance transfer credit card that has a 0% or low interest rate for a short time. This limits the amount you can transfer to what you can comfortably pay off in a year or so. Debt consolidation utilizes a personal loan, which allows for higher balances to be paid off over a longer payback period.

Which strategy is right for you? That depends on a number of factors, including the amount of debt you have, your current interest rates, and whether you’re able to stick to a structured repayment schedule. Of course, it’s important to regulate your use of credit cards in either scenario. The last thing you want is to be paying off a personal loan or facing the expiration of a 0% interest rate when you’ve racked up more credit card debt.

The chart below sums up the credit card refinancing vs. debt consolidation story.

Side-by-Side Comparison of Key Features

The Takeaway

Credit card refinancing is when a borrower pays off their credit card(s) by moving the balance to another card with a lower interest rate. A popular way to do this is with 0% interest balance transfer credit cards. However, borrowers typically need a high credit score to qualify for the best rates on these cards. Debt consolidation, on the other hand, is when a borrower simplifies multiple debts by paying them off with a personal loan. Personal loans with a fixed low interest rate and a structured payback schedule are a smart option for consolidating debts.

If you have a relatively small balance that can be paid off in a year or so, refinancing with a balance transfer credit card may be right for you. If you have a larger balance or need more time to fully pay it off, personal loans are available.

Credit cards have an average APR of 20%–25%, and your balance can sit for years with almost no principal reduction. Personal loan interest rates average 12%, with a guaranteed payoff date in 2 to 7 years. If you’re carrying a balance of $5,000 or more on a high-interest credit card, consider a SoFi Personal Loan instead. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

Which is better: credit card refinancing or debt consolidation?

There are advantages and drawbacks to both strategies. Credit card refinancing can help you lower your interest rate, which can save you money. Debt consolidation might save you money on interest, but it will definitely simplify bill paying by replacing multiple cards with one monthly bill.

Is refinancing a credit card worth it?

Refinancing a credit card may be worth the effort because it can lower your interest rate, potentially save you money, and make payments more manageable.

Is refinancing the same as consolidation?

Though refinancing and consolidation can both help you manage your debt, they serve different purposes. Refinancing involves moving credit card debt from one card or lender to another, ideally with a lower interest rate. Paying less in interest while you pay off your debt is the main goal of refinancing. When you consolidate, you settle multiple debts with one loan. Simplifying bills into one fixed loan payment is the main reason to consider this strategy.

How do credit card refinancing and consolidation affect my credit score?

Credit card refinancing and debt consolidation might temporarily reduce your credit score because your lender will likely do a hard credit check to qualify you for the account. But with time and consistent, on-time payments, your credit score should rebound. Consolidating several credit cards into one personal loan might also help improve your credit utilization ratio, which in turn should nudge your score upward. Opening new credit accounts, however, can reduce the overall age of your credit accounts, as can closing old accounts. Both of these can ding your credit score. If you aren’t applying for other forms of financing, such as a mortgage, none of this should be a huge concern so long as you are using the credit card refinance or consolidation to reduce debt and better manage your finances.

What should I consider before refinancing or consolidating?

The most important thing to consider when thinking about credit card refinancing or debt consolidation is whether you will save money when interest and fees are factored in. It’s also important to have a good look at your credit habits. If you think having a new credit card with 0% introductory financing might result in you charging even more and falling more deeply into debt, you might want to consider a personal loan and/or explore credit counseling, in which you will work with a professional to help change unhealthy habits and develop a strategy to reduce debt.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOPL-Q126-002

A forward contract, also referred to as a forward, is a type of customizable derivative contract between a buyer and a seller that sets the sale of an asset at a specific price on a specific future date. Like all derivatives, a forward contract is based on an underlying asset.

Forward contracts are similar to options, as discussed below, but there are some key differences that investors will need to know if they plan to use forwards as a part of their investing strategy.

How Do Forward Contracts Work?

Forwards are similar to options contracts in that they specify a price, amount, and expiration date for a trade. However, most options give traders the right, but not the obligation, to trade. With forward contracts, the transaction must take place at expiration.

Unlike futures contracts, another type of derivative, forwards are only settled once on their expiration date, but specific terms may vary based on the agreement between parties. The ability to customize forwards makes them popular with investors interested in self-directed investing, since the buyer and seller can set the exact terms they want for the contract.

Many other types of derivative contracts have predefined contract terms.

There are four main aspects and terms to understand and consider before entering into a forward contract. These components are:

•   Asset: This refers to the underlying asset associated with the forward contract.

•   Expiration Date: This is the date that the contract ends, and this is when the actual trade occurs between the buyer and seller. Traders will either settle the contract in cash or through the trade of the asset.

•   Quantity: The forward contract will specify the number of units of the underlying asset subject to the transaction.

•   Price: The contract will include the price per unit of the underlying asset, including the currency in which the transaction will take place.

Investors trade forwards over the counter, or OTC, instead of on centralized exchanges, which may make them less accessible to individual investors. Since the two parties custom-create the forwards, they may be more flexible than other types of financial products. However, they carry higher risk due to a lack of regulation and third party guarantee.

Recommended: What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Stocks?

What’s the Difference Between Forward and Futures Contracts?

Futures and forwards have many similarities in that they are both types of investments that specify a price, quantity, and date of a future transaction. However, there are some key differences for traders to know, including:

•   Futures are standardized derivative contracts traded on centralized exchanges, while forwards are customized contracts created privately between two parties.

•   Futures are settled through clearing houses, making them less risky and more guaranteed than forwards contracts, which are settled directly between the two parties. Parties involved in futures contracts almost never default on them.

•   Futures are marked to market and settled daily, meaning that investors can buy and sell them whenever an exchange is open.

•   Forwards are only settled on the expiration date. Because of this, forwards don’t usually include initial margins or maintenance margins like futures do.

•   It’s more common for futures to be settled in cash, while forwards are often settled in the asset.

•   The futures market is highly liquid, making it easy for investors to buy and sell whenever they want to, whereas the forwards market is far less liquid, adding additional risk.

Forward Contract Example

Let’s look at an example of a forward contract. If an agricultural company knows that in six months they will have one million bushels of wheat to sell, they may have concerns about changes in the price of wheat. If they think the price of wheat might decline in six months, they could enter into a forward contract with a financial institution that agrees to purchase the wheat for $5 per bushel in six months time in a cash settlement.

By the time of the expiration date, there are three possibilities for the wheat market:

1.    The price per bushel is still $5. If the asset price hasn’t changed in six months, the contract may expire without a financial settlement.

2.    The price per bushel has increased. Let’s say the price of wheat is now $5.20 per bushel. In this case, the agricultural producer must pay the financial institution $0.20 per bushel, the difference between the current market price and the price set in the contract, which was $5. The agricultural producer must pay $200,000.

3.    The price per bushel has decreased. Let’s say the price is now $4.50. In this case, the financial institution must pay the agricultural producer the difference between the spot price and the contract price, which would be $500,000.

Pros and Cons of Trading Forwards

Forwards can be useful tools for traders, but they also come with risks and downsides.

Pros of Trading Forwards

There are several reasons that investors might choose to use a forward:

•   Flexibility in the terms set by the contract

•   Hedge against future losses

•   Useful tool for speculation

•   Large market

Cons of Trading Forwards

Investors who use forwards should be aware that there are risks involved with these financial products. Those include:

•   Risky and unpredictable market

•   Not as liquid as the futures market

•   OTC trading means a higher chance of default and no third party guarantees or regulatory oversight

•   Details of contracts in the market are not publicly available

•   Contracts are only settled on the expiration date, making them riskier than futures contracts that are marked-to-market regularly

Who Uses Forward Contracts?

Typically, institutional investors and day traders use forwards more commonly than retail investors. That’s because the forwards market can be risky and unpredictable since traders create the contracts privately on a case-by-case basis. Often the public does not have access to the details of such agreements. Forward contracts are typically not accessible by retail investors; they are primarily used by institutional investors.

Institutional traders often use forwards to lock in exchange rates ahead of a planned international purchase. Traders might also buy and sell contracts themselves instead of waiting for the trade of the underlying asset.

Traders also use forwards to speculate on assets. For instance, if a trader thinks the price of an asset will increase in the future, they might enter into a long position in a forward contract to be able to buy the asset at the current lower price and sell it at the future higher price for a profit.

How Do Investors Use Forwards?

Traders use forwards to hedge against future losses and avoid price volatility by locking in a particular asset price or to speculate on the price of a particular asset, such as a currency, commodity, or stock. Forwards are not subject to daily price volatility. These strategies involve types of trades that aren’t typically available to individuals.

The trader buying a forward contract is taking a long position, and the trader selling is going into a short position. This is similar to options traders who buy calls and puts. The long position profits if the price of the underlying asset goes up, and the short position profits if it goes down.

Locking in a future price can be very helpful for traders, especially for assets that tend to be volatile such as currencies or commodities like oil, wheat, precious metals, or natural gas.

Recommended: Why Is It Risky to Invest in Commodities?

The Takeaway

Forward contracts are a common way for institutional investors to hedge against future volatility or reduce exposure to potential losses. However, they are generally considered high-risk investments that may not be suitable for most retail investors.

Given the specialized nature of forwards contracts (and other types of options), the risks may outweigh the potential rewards for many investors. As such, it may be a good idea to consult a financial professional before dabbling with forwards, or incorporating them into a larger investing strategy.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a forward contract in simple terms?

A forward contract is a private agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset at a set price on a future date. These contracts are often used to hedge against price changes.

What is the difference between a forward and future contract?

Forwards are customizable contracts traded privately over the counter, while futures are standardized contracts traded on public exchanges. Futures typically have daily settlements and lower counterparty risk.

What are the benefits of a forward contract?

Forward contracts can help buyers and sellers lock in prices ahead of time, reducing exposure to market volatility. They also offer flexibility in terms and structure.

Do you pay to enter a forward contract?

Entering a forward contract usually doesn’t require an upfront payment. However, parties may face gains or losses at settlement depending on how the asset’s price changes over time.

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