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Once you’ve been accepted to college, an important decision you’ll need to make is whether to attend full-time or part-time. Status is determined by the number of credits you take during a term, but you may want to consider more than just academic workload. Your enrollment status can also impact your financial aid, cost of attendance, taxes, and college experience.

Below, we’ll explain key differences between going to school full-time and part-time. We’ll also look at the implications of both to help you determine what makes sense for you.

What Is a Full-Time Student?

Undergraduate students are typically considered to be full-time when they’re enrolled in 12 or more credits during a term. Graduate students may take as few as nine credits to be considered full-time. However, every institution sets its own threshold, so check your school’s policies and requirements.

How Many Classes Do You Need to Be Full-Time?

Most classes are worth three credits. To be considered full-time, undergraduate students usually take at least four classes per semester, and graduate students enroll in at least three classes.

What Is a Part-Time Student?

In general, part-time undergraduate students take fewer than 12 credits. Graduate students attending school part-time often enroll in fewer than nine credits. As with full-time enrollment, thresholds for part-time status can vary by institution, so consult your school’s policies.

How Many Classes Do You Need to Be Part-Time?

Part-time undergraduate students typically take three or fewer classes per semester. Graduate students studying part-time may enroll in one or two classes.

Difference Between Full-Time and Part-Time Students

The difference between full-time and part-time students comes down to the number of credits they take during a term. Enrollment status can impact how students pay for their education. Here are some other differences between full- and part-time students.

Tuition Cost

Part-time students generally pay per credit hour. This allows them to spread out the cost of their education over a longer period of time.

Full-time tuition is capped once a student reaches the credit threshold. This means a student may be able to pay the same in tuition for taking anywhere between 12 to 18 credits in a term. Because of this, full-time students may be interested in maximizing credit hours to reduce education costs. While this can help students stay on track or even graduate early, they may be charged an additional fee per credit hour if they enroll in more than 18 hours per term.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

Time Commitment

For many, the choice to be a part-time vs full-time student can often come down to scheduling.

As a general rule of thumb, students can expect between two and three hours of work per week for each credit they’re taking. This means that a three-credit course would require approximately six to nine hours of student engagement, including class time, homework, readings, and studying.

Many full- and part-time students work while completing their degrees to help pay for education and living expenses, according to information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In October 2022, 42.4% of full-time students had some type of employment while 81% of part-time students were employed.

To make their schedule more feasible, part-time students may consider taking online classes while working to reduce commute times and have access to a wider selection of academic programs.

Taking night classes is another option for students to study while working.

Financial Aid

Enrollment status can affect a student’s financial aid options. For instance, some types of federal student aid require students to be enrolled at least half-time (six or more credits) to qualify.

Pell Grants, which are awarded based on a student’s financial need, vary according to enrollment status. Full-time students may receive up to $7,395 for the 2024-2025 academic year. Awards for part-time students are proportional to the number of credit hours a student takes. For example, a student taking nine credits would be eligible for 75% of the maximum award. Part-time students should keep in mind that eligibility for Pell Grants can’t exceed 12 academic terms.

Both full-time and part-time students can qualify for federal Direct Loans and, if they attend a participating university, the federal work-study program. Interested students must indicate that they’d like to be considered for work-study on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Since financial aid awards can vary by institution, consider checking with your school to determine how enrollment status could impact your overall financial aid package.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Student Loan Repayment

Whether studying part-time or full-time, many students take out an undergraduate loan to pay for their education expenses. Most federal student loans do not require repayment while the student is enrolled in school at least half-time. Part-time students have to repay loans once they drop below half-time enrollment.

Borrowers with Direct Subsidized, Direct Unsubsidized, or Federal Family Education Loans will also have a six-month grace period after graduation before loan payments are due. And if you return to half-time or full-time enrollment prior to the end of the grace period, you will be eligible for the full six-month period upon graduation. Interest on Direct Subsidized Loans is covered by the U.S. Department of Education while students are enrolled and during certain periods of deferment.

Graduate and professional students with PLUS loans may also receive a six-month deferment on repayment when falling below half-time status.

Borrowers with private student loans and certain federal loans may be expected to begin repayment immediately.

Scholarships

Scholarships can help pay for tuition and related educational expenses. Organizations may use a variety of criteria when awarding scholarships, including academic merit, financial need, quality of application responses, and enrollment status.

Some scholarships have eligibility requirements that require recipients to be full-time students. Still, opportunities exist for part-time students to secure financial help, including unclaimed scholarships and grants.

Recommended: Scholarships and Grants to Pay Off Student Loans

Tax Credit Eligibility

Enrollment status can have implications for your or your parents’ taxes. There are two main programs — the American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) and the Lifetime Learning Credit (LLC) — that can give tax credits for out-of-pocket education expenses.

The AOTC can provide an annual credit up to $2,500 per student, given they are enrolled at least half-time.

Meanwhile, the LLC is open to all students regardless of enrollment status. The maximum credit per return is 20% of eligible education expenses up to $10,000, or $2,000 total.

College Experience

Financial considerations are only part of the picture when deciding whether to go to school full- or part-time. Your overall college experience is another piece. Students carrying a full course load tend to stay in school longer. In 2022, the retention rate for full-time students was 76.5%, compared to 45.9% for part-time students.

Enrollment status could influence aspects of campus life and extracurricular activities as well. For instance, some schools may only allow full-time students to live in on-campus housing. And student-athletes must abide by NCAA regulations, which include minimum coursework requirements, to be eligible to play.

The Takeaway

The difference between going to college full-time or part-time comes down to how many credits are taken during a term. In general, full-time students take 12 or more credits, while part-time students take 11 or fewer credits.

When deciding whether to be a full-time vs part-time student, you may want to consider more than courseload. Enrollment status can impact tuition costs, taxes, and financial aid options.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What are some benefits of being a full-time student?

Students who go to school full time are often able to focus completely on their studies, and a full course load means they can complete their degree faster. Full-time enrollment is also required for some scholarships, grants, and financial aid.

What are some benefits of being a part-time student?

Studying part time gives you the chance to work while going to school, which can make tuition and fees easier to manage. Plus, some employers will help pay for a portion of the cost.

What factors should I think about when weighing whether to enroll full time or part time?

Deciding whether to be a full-time vs. part-time student is a personal decision. As you’re weighing your options, consider factors like how much time you have in your schedule for school; any work or family commitments; your financial situation and available financial aid options; and your goals after graduation and their time frames.

Is it cheaper to be a part-time student?

Being a part-time student can be cheaper in terms of tuition costs per semester since you are paying for fewer courses at a time. However, part-time status may extend the overall duration of your studies, potentially leading to higher total costs due to prolonged living expenses and delayed entry into the full-time workforce. Also, part-time students might have limited access to certain financial aid options, scholarships, and campus resources, which could offset some of the immediate savings on tuition.

Can you work and be a full-time student?

Yes, you can work and be a full-time student, but it requires strong time management and organizational skills to balance academic responsibilities with job commitments. Many students successfully juggle both by taking advantage of flexible work hours, on-campus employment opportunities, and jobs that offer part-time or weekend shifts.

How long does graduate school take for part-time students?

Graduate school for part-time students typically takes longer than the standard duration for full-time students, often extending to about 3 to 6 years or more, depending on the program and the student’s course load each semester.

Photo credit: iStock/Drazen Zigic

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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SOIS-Q224-1920906-V1

It may sound like a negative thing, but a sinking fund is money that’s saved toward a specific goal. Governments and businesses can use sinking funds to hold reserve cash to fund future expenses, but this kind of account also has a place in personal finance as you build wealth and achieve goals.

What sinking funds are is a way to earmark and stash money so you can, say, buy a new car or take an amazing vacation. Understanding how sinking funds work can help you decide if you need to include them in your budget.

What Is a Sinking Fund?

A sinking fund is money that’s earmarked to pay planned expenses that fall outside of your regular budget. In accounting, a sinking fund is used to save money to pay debt or replace an asset that is declining in value. The name, which can admittedly sound negative, may be derived from the idea of sinking, or paying off, a debt.

As mentioned, individuals, businesses, and even governments can use sinking funds to hold money in reserve for future expenses. For example, the U.S. Treasury Department maintains a sinking fund for unused appropriations.

For an individual, the meaning shifts somewhat. A sinking fund can help you be financially prepared to pay certain expenses that are on the horizon. In this way, it can help you avoid having to turn to high-interest credit cards or loans to cover expenses that don’t fit into your monthly budget. Being able to avoid debt is one of the main reasons why saving is important.

💡 Quick Tip: Typically, checking accounts don’t earn interest. However, some accounts do, and online banks are more likely than brick-and-mortar banks to offer you the best rates.

Examples of s Sinking Fund

A sinking fund can be used to save money for a variety of expenses. Some of the most common sinking funds categories include:

•   Vehicle maintenance and repairs

•   Pet care

•   Home maintenance and repairs

•   Birthdays, holidays, and other special occasions

•   Wedding expenses

•   Baby expenses

Those are just a few of the things you might need a sinking fund for. The number of sinking funds you choose to establish can depend on your financial goals. You might create one for, say, a down payment on a home or a trip to Bali. It’s up to you.

You can set up separate accounts for each goal and, if you like, automate savings into each. You might add $25 per pay period to one, $100 to another. By setting up recurring transfers to occur right after your paycheck hits your checking account, you can help your savings grow with minimal effort.

Recommended: Should I Pay off Debt Before Buying a House?

Benefits of a Sinking Fund

Setting up sinking funds can offer some advantages if you have planned or recurring expenses.

•   You can use them to create a structured plan for saving toward various expenses or financial goals.

•   Depending on where you keep your sinking funds, you may be able to earn a decent rate of interest on your deposits.

•   Sinking funds ensure that when a planned expense comes due, you have the money to pay it. You can avoid dipping into your emergency fund or using a credit card.

Drawbacks of a Sinking Fund

Sinking funds can help you to be consistent with saving, but there are some potential drawbacks.

•   You have to be organized and disciplined when setting up a fund or multiple funds.

•   If you’re also saving or investing in other accounts, you may have trouble keeping track of what is sinking fund money and what isn’t.

•   Saving in multiple sinking funds could leave you spread thin financially if you’re not careful about budgeting.

How to Create a Sinking Fund

Getting started with sinking funds isn’t that difficult. Here are a few simple tips for using sinking funds to save toward planned expenses.

List Your Sinking Fund Categories

The first step in creating a sinking fund is deciding what categories to include. A good way to choose sinking fund categories is to review your spending for the last six months to a year. Look for expenses that may recur periodically, like biannual or annual insurance premiums or annual home maintenance.

From there, consider what savings goals you might be working toward that are one-time expenses. That may include a wedding, a down payment on a home, a vacation, new furniture, or something else you only expect to pay for once. You can then use your recurring expenses and planned expenses to create your sinking fund categories.

Determine Your Savings Target

Next, decide how much you need to save toward each expense or goal on your sinking fund list. Assign an overall dollar amount first, then determine how much you need to save monthly, based on when you plan to spend the money.

Say you want to save $1,000 for a trip you’d like to take in a year. You’d divide the total by 12, and your savings goal would be $83.33 per month.

Decide Where to Keep Sinking Funds

Once you know what you need to save each month, you can choose where to keep your sinking funds. Again, this may be a single savings account or money market account, or a savings account with multiple subaccounts.

Certificate of deposit (CD) accounts are usually not the best place to keep sinking funds. They require you to leave money in them untouched for a set maturity term to avoid a penalty. However, you may be able to find an add-on CD account that is a work-around to this. These accounts may allow you to increase the funds on deposit; check with a financial institution that offers this product for more details.

Set Up Automatic Transfers

If you’ve opened sinking fund accounts, you can take the final step and link them to your checking account. You can then schedule recurring automatic transfers from checking to your sinking fund account each month to grow your savings automatically.

You might want to set up your automatic deductions for payday. It can be helpful to have the money whisked out of your checking account and into savings before you see it and think about spending it.

Sinking Funds vs Emergency Funds

You may be tempted to dip into your emergency fund for some expenses, like, say, buying a new mobile phone. However, a sinking fund may be a better option. While a sinking fund and an emergency fund are both designed for saving, they serve very different purposes.

With a sinking fund, you’re setting aside money regularly that you plan to spend at some point. (In the example of a new phone, maybe your current one is starting to have some glitchiness, and you know a new model will be released in six months with lots of bells and whistles.) Some sinking fund expenses may be one-time; others may be recurring.
An emergency fund, on the other hand, is designed to hold emergency cash in case you have an unexpected expense that you need to cover. Emergency funds are there for those “uh-oh” moments, when your hot water heater conks out or you get hit with a major dental bill.

Starting an emergency fund while also having sinking funds can be a good idea. When you have both, you have money set aside to pay foreseen and unforeseen expenses. And just like sinking funds, one of the benefits of having an emergency fund is that you’re less reliant on high-interest credit cards to pay for things.

Sinking Funds vs Savings Accounts

Sinking funds and savings accounts can refer to the same thing. For example, you might hold your sinking funds in a high-yield savings account at an online bank. But it’s also possible that you have other savings accounts that are not specifically used for sinking funds. Sinking funds usually have a specific goal, which can help you get motivated to save money.

Saving funds can be more general. If you have kids, you might set up savings accounts for them to teach them the value of money. Or you might have a savings account that you treat as a slush fund, where you keep money that you haven’t earmarked toward any specific goal.

If you have both sinking funds and savings accounts, it’s important to track what money goes where. That way, you can ensure that you’re saving enough in your sinking funds and not shortchanging any of your planned expenses.

Recommended: Smart Short-Term Financial Goals to Set for Yourself

Where Can You Keep a Sinking Fund?

When deciding where to keep a sinking fund, accessibility matters. You need to be able to add money to your sinking fund and withdraw it when needed. For that reason, you might open an online bank account to hold your sinking funds.
With an online savings account, you can earn interest on deposits and link your account to checking for easy transfers.

Some banks allow you to open a main savings account with multiple subaccounts. You might choose this option if you’d like to be able to add money to individual sinking funds for specific expenses. Subaccounts can allow you to see all of your sinking fund money in one place while keeping goals separate.

A money market account is another candidate for holding sinking funds. These accounts can earn interest like a savings account, but they may offer check-writing abilities or debit card access, which you typically don’t get with a savings account.

Just be sure to check if your bank limits the number of withdrawals you’re allowed to make from a money market account. For some people, this factor (if it exists) can be a deal breaker.

The Takeaway

A sinking fund can help you stay on track when saving for planned expenses. You can use sinking funds to save for a wide range of expenses, without having to dip into other savings, your emergency fund, or breaking out your plastic. It can be a helpful way to organize your finances and meet your money and lifestyle goals.

Where to keep money in a sinking fund? Someplace that bears interest but is easily accessible can work well.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is a sinking fund in simple terms?

A sinking fund is a type of account that has a specific goal (such as a down payment on a house or debt repayment). Funds are typically added to it regularly.

How much should you have in a sinking fund?

If your sinking fund is an emergency fund, you should aim to have at least enough money to cover three to six months’ worth of standard living expenses. Otherwise, it’s up to you to set the purpose of a sinking fund (a Peloton bike or a trip to Yellowstone?) and how much you want to save.

What is considered a healthy sinking fund?

A healthy sinking fund has enough money to cover any planned expenses you might have on the horizon. The size of your sinking fund will depend on which expenses you’re planning for, how often you’re saving for those expenses, and how much you’re saving toward them each month.

Photo credit: iStock/whitebalance.oatt

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SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

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Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.