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There are seven federal tax brackets for the 2024 tax year, ranging from 10% to 37%. As a general rule, the more you earn, the higher your tax rate. And the higher your income and tax rate, the more money you will probably owe the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) in taxes.

How much you’ll pay in federal tax on your 2024 income (due in 2025) will depend on which bracket your income falls in, as well as your tax-filing status and other factors, such as deductions.

When people look at tax charts, however, they often assume that having an income in a particular tax bracket (such as 22%) means that all of your income is taxed at that rate. Actually, tax brackets are “marginal.” This term means that only the part of your income within each range is taxed at the corresponding tax rate.

Read on to learn more about this at times complicated topic, including answers to these questions:

•   Which tax bracket am I in?

•   How can I use the 2024 tax chart to figure out how much I will owe?

•   What are some tips to lower my tax bracket?

What Are Tax Brackets?

A tax bracket determines the range of incomes upon which a certain income tax rate is applied. America’s federal government uses a progressive tax system: Filers with lower incomes pay lower tax rates, and those with higher incomes pay higher tax rates.

There are currently seven tax brackets in the US which range from 10% to 37%, as briefly noted above. However, not all of your income will necessarily be taxed at a single rate. Even if you know the answer to “What is my federal tax bracket?” you are likely to pay multiple rates. Read on to learn more about how exactly this works.

Also note that the income levels have been adjusted in 2024 vs. 2023 to take into account the impact of inflation and other factors. So even if you made the same amount in 2024 as in 2023, you are not necessarily in the same bracket again. It’s important to note these changes.

How Do Tax Brackets Work?

Whether you’re filing taxes for the first time or have been doing so for decades, you may wonder how you know what tax bracket you’re in.

While there are seven basic tax brackets, your income doesn’t necessarily get grouped into one level in which you pay that rate on all of your income. This only happens if your total income is in the lowest possible tax bracket.

Otherwise, the tax system is also graduated in such a way so that taxpayers don’t pay the same rate on every dollar earned. Instead, you pay higher rates on each dollar that exceeds a certain threshold.

•   For example, if your taxable income is $50,000 for 2024, not all of it is taxed at the 22% rate that includes incomes from $47,150 to $100,525 for single filers. Some of your income will be taxed at the lower tax brackets, 10% and 12%. Below, you’ll find a specific example of how this works.

In addition to knowing which tax bracket you’re in, it’s important to be aware of standard deductions that are applied when calculating taxes. (This is separate from common payroll deductions, such as health insurance.) The standard deduction will lower your taxes owed.

For income earned in 2024, the standard deduction is $14,600 for unmarried people and for those who are married, filing separately; $29,200 for those married, filing jointly; $21,900 for heads of household. (There may be tax benefits to marriage beyond your bracket, by the way.)

There are additional deductions that may lower your taxable income, too, such as earmarking certain funds for retirement.

In addition to federal taxes, filers may also need to pay state income tax. The rate you will pay for state tax will depend on the state you live in. Some states also have brackets and a progressive rate. You may also need to pay local/city taxes.

Example of Tax Brackets

According to the 2024 tax brackets (the ones you’ll use when you file in 2025), an unmarried person earning $50,000 would pay:

10% on the first $11,600, or $1,160
12% on the next $35,550 ($47,150 – $11,600 = $35,550, or $4,266
22% on the next $2,850 ($50,000 – $47,150 = $2,850), or $627
Total federal tax due would be $1,160 + $4,266 + $627, or $6,053

This doesn’t take into account any deductions. Many Americans take the standard deduction (rather than itemize their deductions).

2024 Tax Brackets

Below are the tax rates for the 2025 filing season. Dollar amounts represent taxable income earned in 2024. Your taxable income is what you get when you take all of the money you’ve earned and subtract all of the tax deductions you’re eligible for.

Not sure of your filing status? This interactive IRS quiz can help you determine the correct status. If you qualify for more than one, it tells you which one will result in the lowest tax bill.

2024 Tax Brackets For Unmarried People

According to the IRS, for tax year 2024, there is a tax rate of:

•   10% for people earning $0 to $11,600

•   12% for people earning $11,601 to $47,150

•   22% for people earning $47,151 to $100,525

•   24% for people earning $100,526 to $191,950

•   32% for people earning $191,951 to $243,725

•   35% for people earning $243,726 to $609,350

•   37% for people earning $609,351 or more

2024 Tax Brackets For Married People Who Are Filing Jointly

Tax rate of:

•   10% for people earning $0 to $23,200

•   12% for people earning $23,201 to $94,300

•   22% for people earning $94,301 to $201,050

•   24% for people earning $201,051 to $383,900

•   32% for people earning $383,901 to $487,450

•   35% for people earning $487,451 to $731,200

•   37% for people earning $731,201 or more

2024 Tax Brackets For Married People Who Are Filing Separately

Tax rate of:

•   10% for people earning $0 to $11,600

•   12% for people earning $11,601 to $47,150

•   22% for people earning $47,151 to $100,525

•   24% for people earning $100,526 to $191,950

•   32% for people earning $191,951 to $243,725

•   35% for people earning $243,726 to $365,600

•   37% for people earning $365,601 or more

2024 Tax Brackets For Heads of Household

Tax rate of:

•   10% for people earning $0 to $16,550

•   12% for people earning $16,551 to $63,100

•   22% for people earning $63,101 to $100,500

•   24% for people earning $100,501 to $191,950

•   32% for people earning $191,951 to $243,700

•   35% for people earning $243,701 to $609,350

•   37% for people earning $609,351 or more

Recommended: How Income Tax Withholding Works

Lowering Your 2024 Tax Bracket

You may be able to lower your income into another bracket (especially if your taxable income falls right on the cut-off points between two brackets) by taking tax deductions.

•   Tax deductions lower how much of your income is subject to taxes. Generally, deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. So if you fall into the 22% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction would save you $220.

•   Tax credits, such as the earned income tax credit, or child tax credit, can also reduce how you pay Uncle Sam but not by putting you in a lower tax bracket.

Tax credits reduce the amount of tax you owe, giving you a dollar-for-dollar reduction of your tax liability. A tax credit valued at $1,000, for instance, lowers your total tax bill by $1,000.

Many people choose to take the standard deduction, but a tax expert can help you figure out if you’d be better off itemizing deductions, such as your mortgage interest, medical expenses, and state and local taxes.

Whether you take the standard deduction or itemize, here are some additional ways you may be able to lower your tax bracket as you think ahead and prepare for tax season:

•   Delaying income. For example, if you freelance, you might consider waiting to bill for services performed near the end of 2024 until early in 2025.

•   Making contributions to certain tax-advantaged accounts, such as health savings accounts and retirement funds, keeping in mind that there are annual contribution limits.

•   Deducting some of your student loan interest. Depending on your income, you may be able to deduct up to $2,500 in student loan interest paid in 2024.

It can be a good idea to work with a CPA (certified public accountant) or tax advisor to see if you qualify for these and other ways to lower your tax bracket.

Recommended: 10 Personal Finance Basics

The Takeaway

The government decides how much tax you owe by dividing your taxable income into seven chunks, also known as federal tax brackets, and each chunk gets taxed at the corresponding tax rate, from 10% to 37%.

The benefit of a progressive tax system is that no matter which bracket you’re in, you won’t pay that tax rate on your entire income. If you think you might get hit with a sizable tax bill, you may want to look into changing your paycheck withholdings or, if you’re a freelancer, making quarterly estimated tax payments.

You may also want to start putting some “tax money” aside each month, so you won’t have to scramble to pay any taxes owed when you file in April. An interest-bearing checking and savings account could be a good option for this purpose.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Has anything changed from 2023 to 2024 tax brackets?

Yes, the IRS has adjusted tax brackets for tax year 2024 to reflect the impact of inflation and other factors.

What is a marginal tax rate?

The marginal tax rate refers to the highest tax bracket that you possibly fall into. However, your effective tax rate averages the taxes you owe on all of your income earned. For this reason, your effective tax rate will likely be lower than your marginal rate.

How do deductions affect your tax bracket?

Deductions lower your taxable income. The more deductions that are taken, the more of your earnings are taxed at reduced brackets.

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Many undergraduate student loans are federal loans issued through the government. But if you needed extra funds while pursuing your education or you earned an advanced degree, there’s a good chance you may also have one or more private loans in your borrowing mix.

Knowing what kind of student loans you have can help you stay up to date with your payments and also ensure that you’re aware of any benefits and relief programs that may be available. Read on to learn how you can tell which student loans are federal and which are private.

Characteristics of Federal Student Loans

Federal student loans are issued through the Department of Education (DOE), while private student loans are from banks, credit unions, and other private lenders, including online lenders.

For most student borrowers, federal loans are the better choice to start with. They typically come with lower interest rates, and the rates are fixed, so they won’t fluctuate. Undergraduate students are eligible for federal loans without undergoing a credit check, and they typically won’t need a student loan cosigner. And federal loans offer a variety of flexible repayment plans, with the option to pause or reduce payments if necessary. Borrowers may even qualify for a student loan forgiveness program.

Federal PLUS loans for parents and graduate students involve a credit check, and a borrower cannot have an adverse credit history, but these loan programs also have advantages that can be attractive to borrowers, including a choice of repayment plans.

Chances are, if you’re wondering “are my student loans federal or private?,” it’s likely you have at least one federal loan. As of the second quarter of 2024, more than 92% of student loan debt in the U.S. was owed on federal loans. The remaining amount was owed on private student loans.

How to Check Your Federal Student Loan Status

When you’re trying to determine the status of your federal student loans, the Federal Student Aid (FSA) website, StudentAid.gov, can be a good place to start. Log in using your FSA ID and go to the “My Loan Servicers” section on your dashboard to get a list of all the federal student loans in your name. The site also lists contact information for various loan servicers such as Edfinancial and Nelnet, if you need more details about your loan.

You also can access your loan information by using the FSA’s National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS), which tracks federal financial aid through the loan approval, disbursement, and repayment process. Or you can call the Federal Student Aid Information Center (FSAIC) at 1-800-433-3243.

Common Federal Loan Types

What student loans are federal? One of the most common types is federal Direct loans. The different kinds of Direct loans include:

•   Direct Subsidized: This federal loan for undergraduate students is need-based. The government pays the interest while borrowers are in school and during the six-month grace period after graduation.

•   Direct Unsubsidized: Any undergraduate or graduate student may qualify for this loan (up to a lifetime borrowing limit); it is not based on need. However, the interest on Direct unsubsidized loans accrues while borrowers are in school.

•   Direct PLUS: These loans are for graduate and professional students, or the parents of undergraduate students. A credit check is required to be approved for a Direct PLUS loan.

•   Direct Consolidation: A consolidation loan allows you to combine one or more federal student loans into one new loan. You’ll make one payment each month, and consolidation could help to reduce your loan payment amount — though it could also extend your loan term.

If you have an older federal student loan, it might be a Perkins Loan, a Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL), or a Stafford Loan. These borrowing options were discontinued a number of years ago and are no longer available, but if you had one of them, it should still be listed on your FSA dashboard.

Recommended: Can Student Loans Be Discharged?

Differences Between Federal and Private Loans

Both federal and private student loans can help you cover the costs of attending the college of your choice. But there are significant differences between them. Federal student loans, which are funded by the government, tend to offer the best rates and terms, and they come with federal benefits and protections like income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness options. Private loans don’t offer those same benefits and protections, and their interest rates are often higher.

Federal loans do have borrowing limits, however, which means students may find it necessary to turn to private loans to fill a gap in their financing. So if you hit the limit on your federal student loans at some point, it’s possible you also took out a loan from a private lender.

Here’s a closer look at how federal vs. private student loans compare:

Interest Rates

The interest rates on federal student loans are set by Congress each year and they’re fixed. Once you take out a federal loan, your interest rate remains the same for the life of the loan.

Private lenders can set their own interest rates and other loan terms. Rates may be fixed or variable and can depend on several factors, including your credit score (or the score of your student loan cosigner), loan amount, and repayment term.

Repayment Plans

Federal student loan borrowers can choose from several different federal repayment plans, including income-driven repayment plans. You can defer payments on a federal loan if you’re enrolled at least half-time, and you’ll have a six-month grace period once you graduate.

The time limit for paying off student loans varies. Under the Standard Repayment Plan, borrowers repay their student loans over a period of 10 years. On some income-driven repayment plans, however, the repayment period may be extended to up to 20 or 25 years.

With private loans, repayment plans are determined by the individual lender. Some of them may allow a borrower to defer payments while in school and for six months after graduating. Private lenders also typically offer multiple repayment terms, which can range from five to 20 years.

Deferment and Forbearance Options

Borrowers can apply for student loan deferment or forbearance if they are having trouble repaying their federal student loans. Although interest on the loans will likely continue to accrue, you may be able to temporarily postpone or lower your payments.

Some private lenders also may offer a variety of hardship options to help borrowers who run into financial difficulties while repaying their loans. Check with your lender to see what might be available for your circumstances.

Loan Forgiveness

Only federal student loans are eligible for student loan forgiveness through Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) and other federal programs.

Private loans aren’t covered under federal forgiveness programs, and private student loan forgiveness is rarely an option.

Consolidation and Refinancing

Federal student loans can be combined into a Direct Consolidation Loan, which combines federal student loans into one new loan with one monthly payment. The new loan will likely have a lower interest rate — but you can also expect to have a longer repayment period. If you decide to go this route, it’s important to be aware of all the pros and cons of student loan consolidation.

Private student loans cannot be consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan, but they can be refinanced, ideally with a lower interest rate if you qualify. With student loan refinancing, you replace your old loans with a new loan that has a new interest rate and terms. It’s possible to refinance federal loans as well as private loans, but it’s important to understand that when you refinance federal loans you will lose access to federal loan forgiveness, deferment, and repayment options.

Taxes

Interest on both federal and private loans may qualify for a student loan tax deduction. Qualified student loan borrowers may take a deduction of up to $2,500 in interest they paid for the year out of their taxable income.

Recommended: Guide to Student Loan Debt

Resources for Identifying Your Loan Type

To figure out what type of loan you have, log into your account at StudentAid.gov. On your dashboard you should see any federal loans you’ve borrowed in the section called “My Loan Servicers.”

There is no similar centralized website for private loans, so you’ll need to do a bit more detective work. Pull out the billing statement for your loan, and contact the lender at the number or email listed there. Ask them what type of loan it is and get any other information you need about repayment.

What to Do if You’re Unsure About Your Loan Type

If you are still uncertain whether you have a federal or private student loan, there are a few different strategies you can use to help identify the type of loan it is. Try one or more of the following methods.

•   Check StudentAid.gov. If your loan isn’t listed on your dashboard on the FSA website, it’s probably from a private lender. If your loan is federal, the site can help you find all your loan details — including the type of loan or loans you have, your loan amount, interest rate, status, and the outstanding balance.

•   Contact your lender. You can reach out to a lender directly by calling the phone number on your billing statement.

•   Contact your school. Because student loans are typically disbursed directly to your college, the school’s financial aid office may have a record of where your loan came from and whether it’s private or federal.

•   Check your credit report. Your credit report will list all of your active credit accounts — including any student loans you have and who the lenders are. You can then contact the lender to find out if the loan is federal or private.

Recommended: Fast Ways to Pay Off Student Loans

The Takeaway

If you’re not sure what type of student loan you have, there are several resources available that can help you determine whether you have federal or private student loans, including the FSA website, your college, and your lender.
Identifying your student loans is important because it can help you manage and stay on top of your payments. Plus, knowing that you have federal loans could assist you in tapping into repayment plans and forgiveness programs should your situation warrant it.

For instance, if you’d like to simplify and lower your monthly student loan payments, you could explore a Direct Consolidation loan for your federal loans. If that’s not the right option for you, or you have private loans, you may want to consider student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can I have both federal and private student loans?

Yes, it’s possible to have both federal and private student loans. Many borrowers first take out federal loans, but they may need private loans to fill the gap when they hit the funding limits on their federal loans.

Where can I find information about my federal student loans?

The Federal Student Aid (FSA) website, StudentAid.gov, is a good place to start when you’re looking for information about your federal student loans. Log into your account using your FSA ID and you’ll find a list of all the federal student loans in your name by going to the “My Loan Servicers” section of your dashboard.

What if I can’t remember which loans I took out?

You can check your StudentAid.gov account to get details about any federal student loans you have. You can also find information about your loans by checking your billing statements for the lender’s name and information and then contacting them directly. Other options include calling your school’s financial aid office to see if they have information about your loans, and checking your credit report for the lender’s name.

Do all government loans count as federal student loans?

Federal student loans are funded by the government. If you have a student loan from the government, it is likely to be a federal student loan. Federal student loans include Direct Subsidized loans, Direct Unsubsidized loans, and Direct PLUS loans.

How do repayment options differ for federal vs. private loans?

Repayment options for federal student loans tend to be more flexible. For instance, if you have a federal student loan, you could choose an income-driven repayment plan that bases your monthly payment on your income and family size, among other choices. With private student loans, the terms and repayment options are different for each lender, but income-driven repayment plans are generally not offered.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Student eligibility for financial aid does not carry over from year to year. If your financial situation changes — or your academic progress and course load take a dip — you could receive less financial aid or even lose eligibility entirely.

If your aid package is less than the year before, you might be wondering, can I get financial aid back after losing it? Students do have some options to get financial aid back, but it’s important to understand why you lost it in the first place.

Here’s a look at some possible reasons for losing financial aid, tips for working to restore it, and alternative options to help pay for college.

Why You Might Lose Your Financial Aid

How do you lose financial aid? There are several factors that could impact how much you get.

•  Rise in income: Financial aid eligibility is calculated for students each year based on information provided on the Free Application for Federal Student Assistance (FAFSA). An increase in your parents’ earnings — or your own earnings if you have a job — could bump up the amount you or your family are expected to contribute toward your education. That, in turn, reduces the financial aid you qualify for.

•  Falling grades: Your grades can affect your financial aid as well. While it may vary from school to school, students typically need to have a cumulative GPA of at least 2.0 and pass enough classes to complete a four-year bachelor’s degree program in six years.

;  Students who fail to maintain satisfactory academic progress are placed on financial aid suspension, meaning they are not eligible for federal financial aid.

•  Number of credits taken: The number of credits you take can also impact the amount of financial aid you receive. Students usually need to be enrolled in school at least half-time — taking six to 11 credits — to be considered eligible for federal financial aid. However, part-time students may have their financial aid prorated based on the number of course credits they are taking. In other cases, full-time enrollment (12 credits or more) may be required by schools for certain forms of financial aid.

•  Misconduct: Disciplinary action from violating a school’s code of conduct or academic misconduct such as cheating may result in losing financial aid, especially institutional scholarships and grants.

•  Student loan default: Finally, if you’re returning to school to pursue another degree, you could lose financial aid eligibility if you’ve defaulted on student loans. A federal student loan goes into default when you’ve failed to make payments on it for 270 days.

How to Get Your Financial Aid Back

When you’ve lost financial aid, there’s no guarantee that you’ll be successful in getting it back, but there are some strategies that may help.

•  Reach out to the financial aid office. If you’re not sure why your financial aid has been lost or reduced, contact your school’s financial aid office to find out what happened and what you can do.

•  Get your grades up. If you lost financial aid for not making satisfactory academic progress, improving your grades in the coming semester may help you regain your eligibility. However, this will likely require paying for school with other means for the time being.

•  Start an appeal. Appealing a financial aid suspension with your school could be an option if your academic performance was impacted by extenuating circumstances, such as illness or a death in the family. The appeals process typically requires filling out a form and writing an appeal letter to the college explaining the situation that led to financial aid suspension.

•  Deal with defaulted loans. Students who are in default on their federal student loans have a couple options to get out of default. You could apply to consolidate your defaulted federal student loan into a new Direct Consolidation Loan. Because the balance on student loans is due in full when you enter default, consolidation can pay off the balance quickly.

  Just be aware that a Direct Consolidation Loan adds accrued interest to the new loan principal and typically carries a higher interest rate than student loan refinancing.

  Loan rehabilitation is another option to consider if you’re in default. You’ll need to contact your lender to request a loan rehabilitation plan, which typically involves making nine monthly payments on time. The monthly payments are usually lower than your original payment rate, but keep in mind that rehabilitation is a one-time opportunity.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Guide

How to Pay for College Without Financial Aid

Losing financial aid can make it challenging to attend college, but there are several alternatives to help get funding to pay for your education. Consider these options:

Scholarships and Grants

Scholarships and grants are gift aid that students typically don’t need to repay.

There are many scholarship opportunities available to students, and they each have their own eligibility requirements and application process. Scholarship eligibility can involve academic merit or financial need, or they may focus on your chosen major or participation in extracurricular activities.

Federal grants may no longer be an option if you’re on financial aid suspension. However, you could still be eligible for grants from your college, state government, nonprofit organizations, and private entities. Grants are often awarded based on financial need.

To help narrow your search, you can use a scholarship search tool to find grant and scholarship opportunities that align with your background and field of study.

Student Loans

If you lost financial aid due to a change in income, you could still qualify for federal student loans. Federal Direct Unsubsidized Student Loans, for instance, do not require borrowers to demonstrate financial need, and they’re available for undergraduate and graduate students. Bear in mind that these loans accrue interest while students are in school and there are limits on how much you can borrow.

If your financial aid was suspended for other reasons, you might consider taking out private student loans to pay for education expenses not covered by scholarships and grants. The amount you can borrow varies by lender, but you can often get up to your school’s total cost of attendance.

Unlike federal student loans, private student loans require a credit check, meaning you may need someone to cosign the loan. It’s important to compare different lenders, interest rates, and terms before deciding to apply for a private student loan.

Keep in mind that you have the option to refinance student loans to save money in the future. When you refinance, you replace your old loans with a new loan, ideally one with a lower interest rate and more favorable terms. Note that refinancing federal student loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits like income-driven repayment plans.

A student loan refinance calculator can help you see what you might save with refinancing.

Part- or Full-time Work

Many students work while going to college to help pay for school and living expenses. Consider how much time you can dedicate to a job while managing your course load to choose the best work situation.

If part-time employment makes the most sense for you, on-campus jobs are one option to consider to help pay for education expenses. If you can land a position in your field of study, a job at your school could help build skills and enhance your resume.

The Takeaway

If you lose financial aid, you may be able to get it back, though there is no guarantee.

Contact your school’s financial aid office to find out why you lost your aid and what you can do to get back on track. Students can try appealing a financial aid suspension with the school if there were extenuating circumstances for not maintaining satisfactory academic progress. You can also work to improve your grades in the coming semester to regain financial aid eligibility.

And remember, there are other options to pay for college without financial aid, including scholarships, grants, student loans, and working while going to school. If you do take out student loans, you might consider student loan refinancing once you graduate to help reduce your payments.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

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SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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You may not have heard the term “risk-based pricing” before, but you’ve likely seen it in action if you’ve ever gotten a loan or a credit card.

Risk-based pricing is when lenders decide which interest rate and other loan terms to offer a borrower based on that person’s creditworthiness. If the lender believes you may default or struggle to make payments on a loan, for example, you’ll likely be offered a higher rate — or you could be turned down altogether. On the other hand, if your chances of defaulting are low, you can expect to be offered a more competitive rate and better loan terms.

Read on for a look at how risk-based pricing could affect your loan terms and ways to improve your risk profile in order to secure the best rate possible.

Risk-Based Pricing Explained

If you’ve ever applied for a loan or credit card, you’ve probably noticed that everyone isn’t offered the same interest rate and terms. That’s because financial institutions typically use risk-based pricing to determine how much they’ll charge borrowers for the money they lend.

What Is Risk-Based Pricing?

The idea behind risk-based pricing is fairly straightforward: Different borrowers get different rates depending on the level of risk the lender believes it’s taking. This allows financial institutions to provide options to a wide range of consumers while also making sure they’re being compensated for taking a chance on those who may be less creditworthy.

How Risk-Based Pricing Works

A key part of the loan underwriting process is assessing a borrower’s risk profile. Lenders can’t legally consider factors such as age, race, or gender when they’re deciding whether to approve a loan application. But they can — and do — use risk-based pricing models to help determine if a borrower should get a loan and if that loan should cost more or less based on financial criteria.

Lenders want to be as sure as possible they’ll be repaid on time and in full. And though there’s no guarantee a borrower with a good financial reputation won’t default on a loan, lenders typically see it as a solid indicator of a favorable outcome.

This means an applicant with an excellent credit score and other positive financial factors can expect to be offered a lower interest rate than a person with average, fair, or poor credit. This is true whether they’re seeking a car loan, personal loan, or a mortgage.

Creditworthiness can also affect loan fees and repayment terms, and the rewards and perks available with certain credit cards.

Factors that Can Influence Risk-Based Pricing

The criteria used to determine loan eligibility and pricing can vary by lender, but here are some of the factors that are typically included in a risk assessment:

Credit Score

A credit score is calculated using information such as payment history, existing debt obligations, and credit utilization from a current credit report. Lenders typically use this three-digit score as an indicator of a person’s overall financial well-being. The higher your credit score, the more likely you are to be approved for a loan and receive better financing terms.

A score of 670 to 739 is generally considered “good” on the credit rating scale, while scores of 740 to 799 are in the “very good” range, and 800 and above is “excellent.” Individual lenders may set their bar higher or lower when judging credit applicants.

Credit History

To get a more complete look at how you’ve handled credit in the past, lenders may also check one or more of your credit reports for signs of trouble. Potential red flags include past delinquencies, a mortgage foreclosure, bankruptcy, or debts that went to collection.

Income

Your income and employment history also can be a factor in determining risk. Lenders will want to see documentation that shows you earn enough to repay the loan and that you have stable employment.

Debt-to-Income Ratio

Along with your income, lenders will take a look at your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio to ensure you can manage all your debt payments. (You can calculate your DTI by dividing your monthly debt payments by your monthly gross income.) An acceptable DTI may vary by lender and the type of loan you are applying for. But in general, a DTI ratio below 43% is considered good, while many lenders prefer 36% or below.

Loan Type

Lenders tend to look at different types of debt as carrying varying levels of risk. For example, loans that are secured with some kind of collateral or down payment, such as mortgages, car loans, and home equity loans, usually come with lower interest rates than unsecured loans and credit cards.

Impact on Consumers

It may seem as though risk-based financing is all about protecting lenders — helping them minimize their losses by allowing them to tailor their rates to fit an individual borrower’s risk profile. But because it expands the range of lending options to include those with fair or even poor credit, risk-based lending can also benefit those who otherwise might not qualify for financing.

It also can serve as an incentive to consumers to improve their credit reputation in order to improve their loan terms in the future by refinancing, negotiating for a new and better rate on a current loan, or waiting to apply for financing until their credit is in better shape.

Regulations Governing Risk-Based Pricing

How can you know if you’ve been personally impacted by risk-based pricing? The Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), and federal banking agencies have all published rules stating that if a lender denies a loan application or offers “materially less-favorable terms” based on a consumer credit report, it must provide the applicant with a notice that explains this decision. If you don’t agree with the terms you’ve been offered — for example, if you’re given a higher-than-expected annual percentage rate (APR) — you aren’t obligated to accept the loan.

Recommended: APR vs Interest Rate: What’s the Difference?

Pros and Cons of Risk-Based Pricing

As with most things related to finances, there are benefits and drawbacks associated with risk-based pricing.

Strategies to Improve Your Risk Profile

If you’re trying to build or rebuild your credit, risk-based lending may seem unfair or even punitive. But if you keep working on your financial health, you can eventually replace the missing or negative information on your credit reports with positive numbers.

Here are some steps that can help you boost your credit profile and show lenders you’re worthy of better loan terms:

Pay Off Debt

Paying down high-interest credit card balances and lingering loan debt can help you raise your credit score and lower your DTI — two key factors lenders look at when determining a borrower’s risk. If you’re repaying several debts to different lenders, you may want to look into how debt consolidation works and whether it makes sense for you.

Increase Your Income

If a low-paying job is getting in the way of getting a loan, you might consider taking on a side gig, asking for a raise, or looking for an employer that pays more for what you do.

Monitor Your Credit Score and Credit Reports

Regularly reviewing your credit reports and promptly disputing dated info or errors can help you ensure your credit profile reflects your current financial standing. You can check your credit score for free through your bank, credit card company, Experian, or a money tracker app. And you’re entitled to a free credit report weekly from each of the three credit bureaus via AnnualCreditReport.com.

Choose Appropriate Loan Products

Think about how you plan to use the money you want to borrow and which lending product might be the best choice for that goal. If you plan to make a major purchase, for example, a personal loan might be a better option than a credit card, because interest rates are typically lower.

Recommended: What Is Risk Tolerance?

Do Some Comparison Shopping

You also may be able to save money by taking the time to shop around for the best rates and terms available for the type of loan or credit card you want. Some lenders and loan types may have less-stringent standards for borrowers than others. And while you’re looking, you can read online reviews of the lenders you’re considering.

The Takeaway

For low-risk borrowers, risk-based pricing could mean a lower interest rate and other favorable terms. For a higher-risk borrower, it can result in a more expensive loan — or the loan application being rejected. This is why it’s a good idea to know where your credit stands before you apply for any type of financing. That way, you can be an informed shopper as you look for the best rates and terms based on your current creditworthiness. Or you can work to improve your financial health so lenders regard you as less of a risk.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

How does risk-based pricing differ from flat-rate pricing?

With risk-based pricing, the cost of a loan can be adjusted to fit the creditworthiness of the borrower. With flat-rate pricing, everybody who is approved is charged the same rate, whether they have good, bad, or fair credit.

Can I negotiate better terms if I’m offered high rates due to risk-based pricing?

Whether or not you can negotiate better terms may depend on the type of loan you applied for and the lender. If, for example, you’re a long-standing customer, your lender may be willing to work with you even if you present as a high-risk borrower.

How often do lenders reassess risk for existing loans?

Because a borrower’s risk profile can change over time, lenders may periodically review a customer’s credit score, payment history, and other financial factors. How often that happens varies by lender.

Are all types of loans subject to risk-based pricing?

The rates and terms borrowers are charged for most loan types are based on risk-based pricing.

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Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Adding a shed to your home can mean the difference between rummaging around in a cluttered garage for a tool and having sundry garden tools, outdoor equipment, and off-season lawn furniture all in a designated space. Having a spot to store such items can save time and reduce mental fatigue.

One thing: Sheds can be expensive. According to HomeAdvisor, sheds can cost anywhere from $200 to $30,000 to build, with an average cost of $3,500.

Don’t have the cash on hand to front the costs? Enter shed financing. Here, we’ll walk you through different options for shed financing and alternatives to consider.

Understanding the Cost of Shed Installation

As mentioned, the average cost to build a shed is $3,500. When installing one of these structures, you’ll need to consider factors like size, building materials, labor costs, and details such as windows, doors, and electrical wiring. As you might expect, designing and building a custom shed is more expensive than constructing one from a premade kit.

Figuring out the cost per square foot can give you a general idea of the total price tag. But to determine the true cost of a shed, you’ll want to do your homework to figure out the cost of materials, labor, and permits.

Personal Loans for Shed Financing

A popular route for shed financing is to take out a personal loan. The beauty of personal loans is their flexibility — the funds can be used for essentially anything. Plus, personal loan amounts often start as low as $500, so they can be a good fit for smaller DIY projects like building a shed.

Payment terms on a personal loan are typically between two and seven years, which can provide some breathing room in your budget. And personal loans tend to have lower interest rates than credit cards. As of August 2024, the national average for interest rates on a 24-month personal loan is 12.33%, while the national average for interest rates on a credit card is 21.76%. (Use a personal loan calculator to figure out what the monthly payments might be, depending on the loan term and interest rate.)

If you know the total cost of the shed, you can use the proceeds from a home improvement loan to cover the different expenses. However, be aware that some lenders charge an origination fee, which can be anywhere from 1% to 5% of the loan amount — and sometimes as high as 10%. This one-time upfront fee is taken from your loan proceeds.

A couple of drawbacks of a personal loan include being responsible for monthly payments, which kick in after you receive the loan proceeds. Plus, lenders will need to do a hard pull of your credit, which can cause your credit score to temporarily dip by a few points.

Recommended: Where to Get a Personal Loan

Contractor Financing and Payment Plans

Besides personal loans, another way to pay for a shed is to get financing directly from the contractor. Some contractors have teamed up with third-party lenders to offer customers a loan option to cover the costs of a home improvement project. Like a personal loan, contractor financing is an installment loan, which means you’re responsible for making monthly payments until the balance is paid off.

While it can be an easy way to get a shed loan, interest rates from contractor financing can be more expensive than other options. Plus, you’re stuck with the contractor if things go south with the project.

Comparing Shed Financing Alternatives

If you’re curious about options besides a personal loan or contractor financing, here are some other ways to finance a shed.

Savings

If you’re not in a rush, you can pause on installing a shed. Instead, figure out how much you’ll need and put money into a savings account. To help you make steady progress in your goals, automate your savings, and figure out a target date and amount.

Family Loans

Family loans are something to consider should you have trusted friends or family who might have the means to give you a loan. As you’ll potentially be mixing personal relations with financial matters, take the time at the outset to discuss any concerns. And just like with any other type of loan, go over the terms and come up with a written plan to pay back the money.

Credit Cards

Tapping into an existing card can be an easy way to finance a shed, but it can also be expensive. Credit card interest rates are usually higher than other types of financing, and if you fall behind on payments, you could get hit with late fees.

Home Equity Loan or HELOC

Have you built up some equity in your home? You may want to consider borrowing against it by taking out a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC). Both options are often easier to qualify for than unsecured forms of credit, such as a personal loan or a new credit card. However, if you’re unable to keep up with payments, you risk losing your home.

Tips for Securing an Affordable Shed Loan

Remember, the less you pay in interest and fees, the less expensive the total cost of your shed loan. Here are some steps you can take to help you position yourself for better rates and terms.

Build Your Credit

Having a good or excellent credit score can mean lower interest rates and more flexible terms. To build good credit, stay on top of your monthly payments, keep credit usage low and unused credit cards open, and avoid overspending.

Explore Shed Options

Before applying for a personal loan for a shed, poke around and see the options in terms of size, materials, and details like the door, windows, and shelving. Request estimates to get an idea of the type of shed you’d like to build.

Understand How Much You Need to Borrow

Knowing the type of shed you’d like to build helps you narrow the costs involved. Once you have a ballpark figure, borrow only what’s necessary.

Get Preapproved

If possible, get preapproved for loans from different lenders. That way, you can gauge the loan amount and terms you’ll likely qualify for. Lenders typically allow you to get preapproved online, and the process generally requires a soft credit pull, which won’t impact your credit score.

Recommended: Garage Financing: What Are Your Options?

The Takeaway

While building a shed can be expensive, landing on an affordable way to finance the project is doable. Start by doing your homework on different shed options, and use your findings to determine how much you’ll likely need to borrow. From there, start exploring the financing choices available to you and decide what makes the most sense for your finances.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

Are there any government programs for shed financing?

Government programs are available, and you might be able to use the proceeds from the loan or grant to finance a shed. However, you’ll need to meet eligibility criteria, which can depend on your income, age, location, type of home improvement project, and whether you belong to certain groups.

How do shed loans compare to other home improvement loans?

Shed loans are the same as other home improvement loans. One main difference is the loan amount. How much you need to borrow depends on several factors, including the shed type, the size, and whether you’re building from scratch or constructing one from a prefabricated kit.

What is the typical repayment period for a shed loan?

Shed loans, which are a type of personal loan, usually have repayment terms of between two and seven years. You’ll want to get a loan term that’s a good fit for your budget and a monthly payment you can afford.

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Photo credit: iStock/irina88w

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
In the event SoFi serves as broker to Spring EQ for your loan, SoFi will be paid a fee.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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