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Student Loan Deferment vs Forbearance: What’s The Difference?

If you’re struggling to keep up with student loan payments, rest assured you are not alone.

There are many reasons why you may be having difficulty with your loans. Some students may struggle to find a job after graduation or some may not earn as much as they anticipated right out of the gate. For those with federal student loans, forbearance and deferment options exist for these very reasons. Here’s a closer look at the details, along with the changes to deferment and forbearance that will take effect for loans issued after July 1, 2027.

When Student Loan Payments Become Too Much

When monthly student loan payments become insurmountable, the worst thing to do is nothing at all. When a borrower stops paying their student loans, they may go into default. This has the potential to devastate an individual’s credit score.

In default, borrowers could also face relentless collection agencies or could even have their wages garnished. Plus, in most cases, student loans can’t be discharged even if the borrower files for bankruptcy.

Borrowers with federal student loans may have other options for pausing or temporarily reducing their monthly payments if they’ve found themselves in a tough financial spot. Namely, borrowers can apply for either student loan deferment or forbearance from the federal government in order to avoid default.

It can be tough to figure out the difference between these two programs and which is best for your situation. Here’s a breakdown of the differences between student loan deferment and forbearance.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? With SoFi’s no-fee loans, you could save thousands by lowering your interest rate. Note that you may pay more in interest if you refinance with an extended term. Refinancing federal loans also means losing access to federal repayment plans and other programs.

What Is the Difference Between Deferment and Forbearance?

Let’s start with the similarities: Both deferment and forbearance allow a borrower to temporarily lower or stop making payments on their federal student loans for a defined period of time, if they qualify. In both cases, the borrower needs to contact their loan servicer, submit a request, and provide the documentation requested by the loan servicer.

The main difference between the two is that, while in deferment, borrowers are not required to pay the interest that accrues if they have a qualifying loan.

Specifically, interest is not owed on Direct Subsidized Loans, Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans, Federal Perkins Loans, and subsidized portions of Direct Consolidation Loans or Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFEL) Consolidation Loans.

Interest payments are still required on Direct Unsubsidized Loans, Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans, Direct PLUS Loans, FFEL Plus Loans, and unsubsidized portions of Direct Consolidation Loans and FFEL Consolidation Loans.

With federal student loan forbearance, borrowers are always responsible for paying the interest that accrues, regardless of what kinds of federal loans they have.

You can either pay the interest as it adds up during the forbearance period, or you can have it added to your balance at the end.

Who Is Eligible for Deferment?

Deferment is tailored to people who are facing financial difficulties. Loans can be deferred for up to three years.
To qualify, you need to be enrolled in school at least half-time, in the military, in another eligible post-graduate role, or unable to find a full-time job. You may also qualify for a deferment if you’re seeking cancer treatments, are enrolled in an approved rehabilitation program, or are serving in the Peace Corps.

If a borrower is enrolled in an approved graduate program, they may be able to defer their loans for an additional six months after school ends.

However, deferment options will be limited for future borrowers. Due to the recent U.S. domestic spending bill, deferment for economic hardship and unemployment will no longer be available for federal student loans issued after July 1, 2027.

Recommended: Examining How Student Loan Deferment Works

Who Is Eligible for Forbearance?

The two types of forbearance are mandatory and general. Mandatory forbearance must be granted if you qualify, while general forbearance is up to your loan servicer to approve you or not.

Mandatory Forbearance

Loan servicers are required to grant mandatory forbearance to qualifying borrowers. Depending on the type of federal student loan, borrowers may be eligible if they are in a medical or dental internship or residency, serving in AmeriCorps or the National Guard, or working as a teacher and performing a teaching service that qualifies for teacher loan forgiveness.

Borrowers may also qualify if their monthly student loan payment is at least 20% of their gross monthly income. Again, this will depend on the type of loan they have. Note: Mandatory forbearance is granted for up to a year at a time. If you’re still facing financial challenges when the forbearance period ends, you can request another, up to a cumulative total of three years.

For loans issued after July 1, 2027, forbearance will be capped at nine months in any 24-month period.

General Forbearance

With general forbearance, it’s up to the loan servicer to decide whether to grant it, and only certain federal student loans are eligible (Direct Loans, FFEL, and Perkins Loans). Like mandatory forbearance, general forbearance can only be granted for 12 months at a time. There is a three-year cumulative limit on general forbearances. As mentioned above, loans issued after July 1, 2027 will have a different limit: no more than nine months of forbearance in a 24-month period.

Borrowers can apply for a general forbearance if they’re unable to make loan payments because of financial hardship, medical bills, or changes in their job (such as reduced pay or unemployment). If there are other reasons they’re unable to pay, it’s also possible to make that case to the loan servicer, but the decision will be theirs to make.

Forbearance vs. Deferment for Student Loans: Which Option to Choose?

If your federal student loan type and circumstances allow you to, it’s best to apply for deferment since it allows you to get a break on interest during the deferment period. However, if you’ve already exhausted the maximum time for a deferment or your situation doesn’t fit the narrow eligibility criteria, then it could make sense to apply for a forbearance.

If your ability to afford your loan payments is unlikely to change anytime soon, or if you have private loans and/or federal loans that don’t qualify for a deferment or forbearance program, you may want to consider other solutions, such as an income-driven repayment plan or student loan refinancing.

How Does an Income-Driven Repayment Plan Work?

Another way to potentially reduce your federal student loan payment is to apply for an income-driven repayment plan. The government offers three different income-driven plans, which cap the borrower’s monthly payments at a percentage of their discretionary income.

The plan a borrower qualifies for depends on the type of loan they have and when it was borrowed. Depending on the plan, your monthly payment will generally be reduced to 10-20% of your discretionary income. The repayment term is also extended up to 25 years.

If you still have a balance once the repayment period is up on the Income-Based Repayment plan (IBR), the remaining debt is forgiven. You may get credit for your payments on PAYE and ICR if you switch to IBR. However, you may have to pay taxes on the canceled debt.

Starting in the summer of 2026, borrowers will have a new income-driven option, the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). This will be the only income-driven plan available to those who take out loans after July 1, 2026. The PAYE and ICR programs will also be eliminated in the coming years.

How Can Student Loan Refinancing Help?

For some borrowers, refinancing student loans can be an option that helps them reduce their monthly payment or lower their interest rate. (Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.) Refinancing involves taking out a new loan from a private lender and using it to pay off existing federal or private loans, effectively combining multiple loans into one.

The new loan will have a new term and interest rate, which has the potential to help borrowers save on interest or the amount they pay over the life of the loan. Borrowers with a solid credit score and employment history (among other positive financial indicators) are especially likely to be able to qualify for favorable terms.

Keep in mind that if you refinance federal loans, you will no longer qualify for the federal benefits we discussed in this post, including deferment, forbearance, or income-driven repayment programs. Make sure to weigh the pros and cons of refinancing carefully before moving forward.

However, some private lenders do offer temporary relief if you experience financial hardship. Rather than stopgaps that can require you to reapply year after year, refinancing can help you gain a long-term plan for getting your payments under control.

With SoFi, it’s possible to refinance loans without paying any hidden fees or penalties at either a fixed or variable interest rate.

The Takeaway

Deferment and forbearance are both options that allow borrowers to temporarily pause payments on their federal student loans.

Deferment differs from forbearance in that some borrowers may not be required to pay interest that accrues during deferment, depending on the type of loan they have. With forbearance, borrowers are generally required to cover interest that accrues while the loan is in forbearance.

Borrowers who anticipate having trouble making monthly federal student loan payments in the long-term might consider applying for income-driven repayment, which ties monthly payments to the borrower’s income level.

If you’re comfortable sacrificing federal programs and repayment plans, refinancing your student loans with a private lender could also lead to savings. Refinancing with an extended term, though, could increase your long-term interest costs.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Should You Hire a Student Loan Consultant?

If you dread your student loan payments each month because you aren’t sure whether you can afford to cover the minimum payment, know that there are solutions to make student loans more manageable. One option is hiring a student loan consultant to help create a customized repayment plan. A student loan consultant may also assist you in navigating the upcoming student loan changes due to take effect in July 2026 as a result of the U.S. domestic policy bill.

While some borrowers might find their advice valuable, either might find it’s not worth the expense – especially if they’re already struggling to find a way to make their loan payments. Here’s what you should keep in mind if you’re thinking of working with a student loan consultant.

Key Points

•   Student loan consultants offer personalized help like explaining jargon, contacting servicers, and recommending repayment strategies — but their services can cost $40 to $600+.

•   Much of what they offer is free elsewhere, including enrolling in income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, consolidating federal loans, or getting help from the Federal Student Aid Ombudsman.

•   Nonprofit credit counseling agencies (like those through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling) can provide unbiased, often low-cost support.

•   Consultants may be helpful if you’re overwhelmed, don’t have time to research options, or struggle with lender communication — but may be redundant if you’re financially savvy.

•   Avoid scams by confirming services aren’t free elsewhere and checking credentials — and never pay upfront for federal loan assistance.

What Is a Student Loan Consultant?

Americans owe more than $1.8 trillion in collective student loans. As student loan debt has increased, student loan consultants have emerged to help students navigate the loan process. Most student loan consultants work independently from colleges or universities, and are not affiliated with specific repayment programs. Student loan consultants work one-on-one with borrowers to identify their repayment needs and try to set them up on a path of debt payoff success.

What Consultants Can Help With

There are five main ways a student loan consultant can help you:

•   Recommending a student loan repayment strategy

•   Offering personalized guidance specific to your finances

•   Explaining student loan jargon

•   Researching your loan details

•   Communicating with lenders on your behalf

Before seeking out a student loan consultant, it might be helpful to identify your specific needs. If you don’t understand the difference between consolidation and refinancing, for example, then talking with a consultant about student loan jargon could be helpful.

If calling lenders sends you into a panic, maybe that’s where you want the consultant’s help. And if you’re struggling to make your minimum monthly payments, you could potentially talk to a consultant about finding a better student loan repayment plan.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

What You’re Paying For

The cost of a student loan consultant can vary widely, and can come in the form of an hourly fee, flat rate, or annual fee. You could expect to pay anywhere from as little $40 to upwards of $600 or more for help from a student loan counselor. Making sure their services are worth the money you are paying is important, of course, and that can be done by confirming that their services aren’t something you could do on your own — like finding a federal income-driven repayment plan (which we’ll get into below). It’s also important to ensure that the cost doesn’t prevent you from making your student loan payments.

Before speaking with a consultant, finding out what is possible and what sounds too good to be true can help you weed out any scammy student loan consultants. And when you’re trying to understand what you can do on your own (without a consultant’s help), a good place to start is the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau .

Programs That Are Available for Free

A fair number of programs to help with student loan payments are available to everyone, without a fee. For example, before seeking out a student loan consultant, you could look into enrolling in a federal income-driven repayment (IDR) plan.

Typically, when you graduate from college or reduce your attendance to under half-time, you’re automatically put on the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan. However, borrowers looking to reduce the monthly payments on their federal student loans may qualify for an IDR plan, which reduces your monthly payment to a percentage of your discretionary income and extends the repayment term up to 25 years (the exact details depend on the specific plan you choose). After the repayment period is up, any remaining balance is forgiven (but may be subject to taxes). The Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan can also lead to forgiveness at the end of your repayment period (but that forgiveness may be subject to taxes).

Starting in the summer of 2026, there will be a new income-driven plan called the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). RAP will be the only income-driven repayment option for those who borrow after July 1, 2026.

Because these repayment plans extend your loan term, you may pay more interest over the life of your loan. Even so, it could bring much-needed immediate relief and result in some loan forgiveness.


💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

Neutral Parties You Can Ask for Help

If you have a conflict regarding one of your federal student loans, you can ask for help from the Federal Student Aid Ombudsman Group , which serves as a neutral party. They can resolve discrepancies with loan balances and payments, and help identify loan repayment options. You can also try to resolve the dispute before contacting the Ombudsman Group. Or you can file a complaint through the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

Consider a Nonprofit Credit-Counseling Agency

The National Foundation for Credit Counseling can help you find a qualified credit counseling agency, which can aid you in creating a budget and even negotiating a new payment plan with creditors. The U.S. Department of Justice also offers an online database of credit-counseling agencies .

Make Sure the Consultant Isn’t Providing a Redundant Service

It’s important to make sure the consultant’s service isn’t something you could do on your own. For example, you could lower your monthly payment on your federal student loans by opting for an income-driven repayment plan without paying a consultant for their services.

You can also consider consolidating your federal loans through a Direct Consolidation Loan, which is also free. A Direct Consolidation Loan allows you to combine all of your federal loans into one, and gives you a new interest rate that’s a weighted average of your current interest rates, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent. While you won’t have a lower overall interest rate, you could lower your monthly payments and simplify the repayment process.

Refinancing Your Student Loans

If you’re looking for alternative ways to pay off your student loan debt, you could also consider student loan refinancing. When you refinance your student loans, you take out a new loan with a private lender and then use the proceeds to pay off one or more existing student loans. Ideally, the refinanced loan has a better interest rate and terms.

Extending your loan term through refinancing can lower your monthly payments. But it does mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.

Alternatively, refinancing to a lower interest rate and shorter loan term could cost you less in interest over the life of the loan and help you pay it off faster. Keep in mind, however, that refinancing with a private lender means you’ll no longer be able to access federal loan benefits like income-driven repayment plans.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A man stands with his back to the camera, looking out a window at a city while holding a phone to his ear.

Questions to Ask on a College Tour

As useful as a college’s website can be, touring colleges can be a great way to get the inside scoop and access to hard-to-find information. Instead of sifting through endless pages online, you can get answers from the people who know the school best.

You might feel lost when it comes to figuring out which questions to ask on a college tour, but here’s a guide into some basic categories to help make it less overwhelming for you and your parents, if they’re joining you.

Key Points

•   College tours offer unique, firsthand insights not available online.

•   Ask about social events, clubs, and dining options to understand campus life.

•   Inquire about class sizes and the registration process for popular courses.

•   Explore dorm options, roommate assignments, and off-campus living possibilities.

•   Discuss financial aid, on-campus jobs, and career services to plan your future.

Campus Life

What college is like involves a lot more than just attending large lectures and pulling all-nighters at your computer. Each campus will have its own culture and social life that you’ll want to explore.

Usually, in the first few weeks of the year, there will be events where clubs, Greek communities, and student councils set up tables and try to recruit members.

Getting involved in on-campus activities, clubs, and extracurriculars can be a great way to build a network, explore your interests, and importantly, make friends. So it can be helpful to get an idea of the types of activities a school offers and how you can get involved while you’re on your college tour.

Ask if your guide knows when these events are planned and what types of organizations will be present.

Another important facet of campus life is, of course, the food. Your guide will probably show you where the various food courts and dining halls are, but it doesn’t hurt to ask about what is available and what their recommendations are. And if you have specific dietary restrictions, you may want to ask what types of accommodations dining halls can make.

Some more questions you might want to ask about campus life include:

•   Where do most people hang out on campus?

•   What time do places (e.g., library, coffee shops, restaurants, gym, etc.) close?

•   Is it easy to find parking near campus?

•   How are people grouped in dorms (by their year in college or interests)?

•   Do most freshmen live on campus? Is there a freshman dorm?

College is going to be your home for about four years, your experience will be impacted by the time you spend both in and out of the classrooms on campus.


💡 Quick Tip: Private student loans offer fixed or variable interest rates. So you can get a loan that fits your budget.

Classes

A large portion of your time in college will, naturally, be spent in your classes. Your tour will probably cover certain types of buildings, like the engineering building, the liberal arts buildings, etc. But if your guide doesn’t mention where classes for your major will be taking place, make sure to ask so that you are familiar with the campus layout.

If you haven’t researched how big your classes will be, this could also be a good time to ask those questions. See if your guide has information on how common large lectures are as opposed to smaller class sizes.

You may prefer a school where smaller class sizes are the norm. This can make it easier to get to know your classmates and professors. Or, you might like the excitement of being in a large lecture hall.

Registering for college courses can be a hectic experience, especially for popular classes with limited spots available. Every college has its own system and it can impact whether or not you get the courses you want.

Ask your guide what the school’s process is for class registration and if you might have issues getting desired courses within your major.

Recommended: College Visit Checklist for Parents

Sports

Another way to get involved in your school’s social scene is through sports. Your school will likely have official sports teams as well as intramural sports.

Going to the official games with friends is a fun way to show your school pride and spend time with classmates outside of studying.

Some questions you can ask your guide about sports are:

•   Where are the sports played, on-campus or off?

•   Which ones are the most popular to watch?

•   What’s the average cost (if any) for a sporting event ticket?

If there’s a sport that you’re particularly fond of watching, ask your guide about the school’s team.

If you’re athletic or want to become more athletic, joining an intramural sports team can be a fun way to get exercise and socialize at the same time.

While you’re on your tour, ask where the school gym is and where and when intramural sign-ups usually happen. Another question you might ask on your college tour is if a gym membership is included in tuition and what you get access to, as some intramural sports may have an extra sign-up cost.

Living Situations

Some of the most important questions to ask on a college tour will have to do with the available living situations. Choosing your college living situation is a huge decision.

There are usually a few options depending on how far away from home your school is. If you’re going out of state, you’ll probably have the option to live in a dorm or find somewhere to live off-campus. Some schools require out-of-state freshmen to stay on campus during their first year, so asking about this on the tour can help you understand what’s required at your school.

Since every school’s dorms will be different, here’s a list of questions worth asking while you’re on the tour:

•   How many people are assigned to a room? If it’s suite-style, how many people share common living spaces such as the kitchen and bathrooms?

•   How do they assign roommates, and when do you learn who your roommate is?

•   What is the process for changing your roommate if problems occur?

If you choose to stay in the dorms, you want to make sure your college will be supportive of making sure it’s a safe and friendly environment for students.

Off-campus living may be an option for your first year, but even if it isn’t, it can still be good to ask about it on your college tour. Ask what options are available nearby and what the average cost is for rent. It can be helpful to also gauge how many upperclassmen live on-campus vs. off-campus too.

Consider asking if the school has a system for finding roommates, like an online forum, so you can meet other students and find trustworthy people to room with.

Some schools may opt to assign roommates for freshmen, so understanding what the standard protocol at the school is can be helpful.

If you’re touring schools close to home, you may have the option of living at home. If you’re considering commuting, you could ask your guide how they think commuting affects students’ ability to enjoy campus life and their ability to stay involved in events/organizations.

Work and Career Opportunities

It’s pretty well known that college isn’t cheap. Hopefully, you’ll be able to get some help paying for tuition and books with various forms of financial support, but it doesn’t hurt to see what job opportunities will be available for you on campus.

Ask your tour guide if jobs are available to students and where you can get more information.

For long-term career goals, it’s important to know if your school hosts job fairs or networking events in your field. Many colleges will support students beyond just getting a degree.

During your tour, ask what events and services your school provides to help students start their careers post-graduation.


💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

Financial Aid

Paying for college can be a stressful topic, but your tour guide may have a good understanding of what you’re feeling, having already gone through the process themselves. While you’re touring different schools, it can be important to ask what financial aid options are available that are unique to the school.

Wherever you end up going, the way to apply for financial aid is by completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). This will let you know if you are eligible for any federal aid, which may include grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans.

That isn’t the only way to finance your education. Federal student loans and private student loans are both available. To fill in any gaps in funding, you may also want to explore private student loans. These are available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders. To apply for a private student loan, you generally fill out a loan application either alone or with a cosigner. Rates vary depending on the lender but borrowers with solid credit typically qualify for the lowest rates.

Just keep in mind that private student loans may not offer borrower protections, such as deferment and income-driven repayment plans, that come with federal student loans.

The Takeaway

College tours can provide a valuable window onto what a campus is like and what a school offers. While on the tour, it’s a great opportunity to get answers to your questions about everything from dorm room options to class sizes, from extracurricular activities to social events. Your guide can likely give you an insider perspective that you won’t get from a website or brochure. You might also ask about typical financial aid and career services offered, since affording college and launching your work life are likely of interest.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Should you go on college tours?

College tours are a good way to gain insights onto a campus and how it operates. You can also hear from a student guide about important insider topics and ask questions from a current student.

What are good questions to ask on a college tour?

Good questions to ask on a college tour can cover such topics as typical class size, dorm details, extracurricular activities, and typical costs. The information you learn can help you decide if a school is a good fit for you.

Do parents go with you on school tours?

The answer to whether parents go with you on school tours is that it can depend. Some students and parents definitely want to take tours together and discuss what they have seen and heard. Other students would rather go solo or visit campuses with a couple of their friends or a sibling. Lastly, don’t be surprised if a school divides the tour up into two kinds of groups, one for students and one for parents. That can be a way for students to develop their own independent view of the campus.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A Guide to Mortgage Statements

Guide to Mortgage Statements

If you get paperless mortgage statements or have autopay set up on your home loan, or even if you get statements in the mail, it can be easy to miss important information.

By paying close attention to exactly what’s included in your mortgage statements, you’ll avoid unpleasant surprises.

Key Points

•   Mortgage statements are crucial for tracking loan details like balance, interest rate, and fees.

•   The Dodd-Frank Act mandates that specific information must be included in these statements.

•   Statements detail amounts due, including principal, interest, and escrow.

•   They also provide a breakdown of past payments and any fees incurred.

•   Contact information for the mortgage servicer is included for customer support.

What Is a Mortgage Statement?

You probably became well versed on mortgage basics during the homebuying process. And you likely did the hard work of using a home mortgage calculator, qualifying for a mortgage, and getting that loan.

But what is a mortgage statement? It’s a document that comes from your home mortgage loan servicer. It’s typically is sent every month and includes how much you owe, the due date, the interest rate, and any fees and charges.

In the past, the information that was included and the format of a mortgage statement varied widely among lenders. Thanks to the Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, mortgage servicers must now include specific loan information and follow a uniform model for mortgage statements.

Statements also include information on any late payments, how much you’ll need to pay to bring your account back to where it should be, and any late fees you’re dinged with. You can also find customer service information on your mortgage statement.

Mortgage Statement Example

A mortgage statement has elements similar to those on a credit card or personal loan statement. As a picture is worth a thousand words, here’s a mortgage statement example, courtesy of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau:

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How to Read a Mortgage Statement

Deciphering what’s on a mortgage statement can help you understand how much you owe in a given month, how much you’re paying toward interest and principal, and how much you’ve paid for the year to date.

Let’s dig into the different parts of a home loan statement.

Amount Due

This can usually be found at the top of your mortgage statement and is how much you owe for that month. Besides the amount, you’ll find the due date and, usually, the late fee you’ll get hit with should you be too slow with your payment.

Explanation of Amount Due

This section breaks down why you owe what you owe. You’ll find the principal amount, the interest amount, escrow for taxes and insurance, and any fees charged. All of these will be tallied for a total of what you’ll owe that month.

Past Payment Breakdown

Below the section that explains the amount due, you’ll find a breakdown of your past payment: the date the payment was made, the amount, and a short description that may include late fees or penalties and transaction history.

Contact Information

This is typically located on the top left corner of the mortgage statement and contains your mortgage loan servicer’s address, email, and phone number, should you need to speak to a customer service representative. Note that like student loan servicers, a mortgage loan servicer might be different from your lender.

Your mortgage loan servicer processes payments, answers questions, and keeps tabs on your loan payments, and how much has been paid on principal and interest.

You probably know what escrow is. If you have an escrow account, your mortgage loan servicer is also tasked with managing the account.

Account Information

Your account information includes your account number, name, and address.

Delinquency Information

If you’re late on a mortgage payment, within 45 days you’ll receive a notice of delinquency, which might be included on your mortgage statement or be a separate document. You’ll find the date you fell delinquent, your account history, and the balance due to bring you back into good standing.

There should additionally be other information, such as costs and risks should you remain delinquent. There also might be options to avoid foreclosure. One possible tactic is mortgage forbearance, when a lender agrees to stop or reduce payment requests for a short time.

Escrow Account Activity

Many mortgages include an escrow account, from which the mortgage servicer pays the homeowner’s property taxes and/or homeowners insurance. If you have an escrow account, you should see how much of your current payment will go to it listed in the explanation of the amount due. You may also see how much you have paid into it during the past year in the past payment breakdown.

Your lender is also responsible for conducting an escrow analysis each year to assess what your costs will be for the next year. It must let you know the results, what your payments will be in the coming year, and whether your account currently has a surplus or a deficit.

Recommended: Refinance Your Mortgage and Save

Understanding the Details

Your mortgage statement includes many details, all to help you understand what you’re paying in interest, the fees involved, and what your principal and interest amounts are. It’s important to look at everything to make sure you understand what information is included. If you have trouble deciphering the information, call your mortgage servicer listed on the document.

If you have an adjustable-rate mortgage, the mortgage statement also might include information about when that interest rate might change.

Important Features to Know

Here are a few key elements related to your mortgage statement to be on the lookout for.

Delinquency Notice

As mentioned, you’ll receive a delinquency notice within 45 days should you fall behind on payments. Besides how much you owe to get back in good standing, the delinquency notice might also include your account history, recent transactions, and options to avoid foreclosure.

Escrow Balance

If you have an escrow account for your mortgage, the balance is how much money you currently have in your escrow account. This may be included in your annual escrow statement. (Your mortgage statement should show what you have paid for the year to date.) If you have difficulty finding your escrow balance, contact your mortgage servicer.

Interest Rate and Loan Term

Your loan’s current interest rate will appear on your mortgage statement. If you have an adjustable rate, you’ll also see the date that the rate will next adjust. Your loan term or the maturity date of the loan may be included on the statement as well. If they don’t and you want the information, contact your mortgage servicer.

Recommended: Mortgage Calculator with Taxes and Insurance

Using Your Mortgage Statement

Now that we’ve covered the elements of a mortgage statement, let’s go over how to use your mortgage statement and make the most of it.

Making Sure Everything Is in Order

Comb through your mortgage statement and check to see that everything is accurate and up to date. Inaccurate information can lead to overpaying, potentially falling behind on payments, and/or other headaches.

Keeping Annual Mortgage Statements

While you might not need to hold on to your monthly mortgage statements for too long, make sure you have access to your annual mortgage statements for a longer period of time. If you run into an IRS audit, you may be required to provide documentation for the past three years.

Making Your Payment

There are a handful of ways you can make payments on your mortgage.

Online. This is probably the most common and simplest way to submit a mortgage payment. It’s usually free, and once you set up an account online and link a bank account to draw payments from, you’re set. You can also set up autopay, which will ensure that you make on-time payments. In some cases, you might be able to get a discount for setting up auto-debit.

Coupon book. A mortgage servicer might send you a coupon book to use to make payments instead of sending mortgage statements. A coupon book has payment slips to include with payments. The slips offer limited information.

Check in the mail. As with any other bill, you can write a check and drop it in the mail. However, sending a payment by snail mail might mean that your payment doesn’t arrive on time. If you are going this route, send payments early and consider sending them via certified mail.

Spotting Errors or Irregularities

If you discover an error on your mortgage statement, it’s important to get it corrected as soon as possible, even if it’s just a misspelling of a street name. To do this, you can start by telephoning your mortgage servicer to report the problem. Some problems the company may be able to fix over the phone.

If the mortgage servicer can’t resolve the issue over the phone, it may ask you to send a letter. This will allow you to document what the problem is and offer any evidence you have to support your case. The provider is generally obligated to make the change or conduct an investigation. The provider also has to let you know what their ultimate decision is.

How Long to Keep Mortgage Statements

Just as you’d want to hold on to billing statements for other expenses, you’ll want to keep your mortgage statements in case you find inaccuracies down the line. Plus, the statements come in handy for tax purposes and for your personal accounting.

So how long should you keep your mortgage statements? Provided you can find your statements online by logging in to your account, you don’t need to hold on to paper statements for long. In fact, you can probably get rid of paper copies if you have access to them online. It might be a good idea to download the documents to your computer.

Other documents, such as your deed, deed of trust, promissory note, purchase contract, seller disclosures, and home inspection report, you should keep as long as you own the home.

Consider holding on to annual mortgage statements for several years in a safe place. It’s a good idea to store them on your computer and have hard copies on hand.

The Takeaway

It’s easy to gloss over mortgage statements, but not knowing what’s in them every month and not noticing any changes can result in costly mistakes. It’s also eye-opening to see how much of a payment goes to principal and how much to interest. Having that information at hand can also be helpful if you are considering a mortgage refinance.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is a mortgage interest statement?

A mortgage interest statement is a tax form (Form 1098) used to report potentially tax-deductible expenses, including mortgage interest payments. It’s not the same as a mortgage statement, which is a document you receive from your mortgage servicer, usually every month, that shows how much your next payment will be, the due date, and any fees and charges, as well as other information.

How do I get my mortgage statement?

You should receive a statement monthly, either in the mail or via an alert from your mortgage servicer saying the bill is due. If you don’t receive a statement and can’t access it online, contact your lender promptly.

What is a mortgage servicer?

A mortgage servicer is a company that manages home loans. It sends your statement and collects and processes your payment every month, as well as provides customer support. A mortgage servicer may be different from your lender, which is the institution that approved your application and loaned you the funds to buy your property.

What should I check on my mortgage statement each month?

It’s a good idea to review your mortgage statement to ensure that there are no errors or unpleasant surprises. In particular, you’ll want to make sure that your last payment was received on time and check for any potential new or changed fees or rate changes.

Are mortgage statements available online?

In many cases, you can access your mortgage statements on the website of your mortgage lender or servicer.

Can I use my mortgage statement for tax purposes?

If you want to claim a mortgage interest tax deduction on your federal taxes, you can’t use your monthly mortgage statement. Instead, you’ll need to use a 1098, which is the form your mortgage lender or servicer uses to declare how much mortgage interest you have paid in the last year.


Photo credit: iStock/Tijana Simic



*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Do Student Loans Expire?

Federal student loans never expire. Unlike private student loans, federal loans have no statute of limitations, which is the time limit creditors have to use legal means to collect on a debt. And while the clock technically can run out on private student loans, that doesn’t mean your student loans have vanished — lenders simply can no longer sue you to collect the debt. Plus, waiting it out will wreak havoc on your finances, anyway.

As such, waiting for student loans to expire is not a recommended tactic to manage student loans. Read on to learn more about why your student loans aren’t likely to expire and more effective ways to deal with student loan debt.

Why Federal Student Loans Don’t Expire

When does my student loan expire?

The answer to that question is “never” when it comes to federal loans. There’s no statute of limitations for collections on federal student loans. This means that if you stop making payments, your loan servicer or a debt collector can sue you to force repayment, regardless of how long it’s been since you last made a payment.

So what happens if you do stop paying your federal student loans altogether? First, your total balance will continue to increase. Whether or not you’re making any payments, interest will accrue, which means that every month your lender will add your new interest fees to your principal loan balance.

After at least 270 days of non-payment, your federal student loan will be in default. This can cause a number of things to happen, including loan acceleration (meaning your entire balance becomes due) and your loan getting sent to collections, which can damage your credit score and lead to additional fees from a collection agency.

Additionally, the federal government may decide to withhold your tax refund or even garnish wages directly from your paycheck. Your loan holder can also sue you to force you to pay up.

Recommended: What Happens When Your Student Loans Go to Collections?

Why Private Student Loans May Expire

Unlike federal student loans, private student loans may be bound by a statute of limitations on collections. The statute of limitations varies by state and is generally between three and 10 years from the date you stopped paying your loans. Once the statute of limitations is up, the debt becomes “time-barred.”

Before you stop making your monthly payments, it’s important to know that a statute of limitations is not the same thing as an expiration date on your loans. A statute of limitations is merely a limit on the time that a lender or debt collector has to sue you in court to force you to pay back the loans.

Even if your debt is time-barred, you still technically owe the money, and failure to pay could lead to student loan default. When you default, you may face negative impacts to your credit score, and you may still end up dealing with collection agencies, plus any additional fees they may charge.

One Way You Can Get Rid of Student Loans

You can technically get rid of federal student loans in bankruptcy. However, doing so is extremely rare.

To potentially get your student loans (federal or private) discharged in bankruptcy, you would have to prove that paying your loans would cause you “undue hardship” (to borrow a phrase right from the U.S. Bankruptcy Code). Proving that paying your loans would cause undue hardship typically involves passing the Brunner test. This is a tool bankruptcy courts use that basically lays out ways in which you might claim undue hardship.

In short, it’s far from a sure thing. But whether you’re 19 or 90 years old, your federal student loans will not just automatically expire after a period of non-payment — and failing to pay has some serious consequences.

Alternative Options to Manage Student Loan Debt

Just because federal student loans don’t expire doesn’t mean there aren’t other ways to manage your student loan debt. Here are a few other options you might explore.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) is available to professionals who work for qualifying employers in certain fields such as government, the nonprofit sector, and healthcare. This program is meant to encourage graduates to fill needed jobs in the public service sector without worrying about making enough money to pay off their student debt.

PSLF requires that you make 120 payments (the equivalent of 10 years, though they don’t need to be consecutive) while working full-time for a qualifying employer. Only payments made under certain repayment programs (such as income-driven repayment) count toward forgiveness. Still, federal loan forgiveness may be a good option for public servants with lots of debt left to pay.

Income-Driven Repayment

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans reduce your payments to a percentage of your discretionary income. There are three IDR plans available today:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which replaced REPAYE

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR)

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

In addition to reducing payments, these plans also extend the repayment term up to 25 years. Once the repayment period is up on the Income-Based Repayment plan, any remaining debt should be forgiven (but may be considered taxable income). The Department of Education is no longer offering forgiveness at the end of PAYE or ICR, but you can get credit for your payments by switching to IBR.

Starting in the summer of 2026, there will be a new income-driven option called the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP). This plan offers forgiveness at the end, but only after you’ve paid your loans for 30 years.

Student Loan Refinancing

Another option to save money on your student loans is student loan refinancing. Loan refinancing doesn’t change the underlying amount that you owe. However, it may reduce the amount of money you spend on interest and help you secure better payment terms, which can add up to some serious cash over the life of your loan. When you refinance a federal student loan, you replace it with a private student loan.

Refinancing your federal and private loans based on your current credit score and income may allow you to score a brand new loan with a better interest rate or a shorter payoff term. However, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

To see how refinancing your loans could potentially help you spend less money in interest, you can take a look at this student loan refinance calculator. Just know that if you’re working toward PSLF, refinancing with a private lender will disqualify your loans from this and any other federal program or repayment plan.

💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing comes with a lot of specific terms. If you want a quick refresher, the Student Loan Refinancing Glossary can help you understand the essentials.

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The Takeaway

If you’ve been waiting around for your federal student loans to expire, you’re out of luck — federal student loans don’t expire. While private student loans may expire due to their statute of limitations, your debt won’t just disappear when this happens. Your finances will also suffer in the meantime. This is why it’s important to look into other ways to manage your student loan debt, such as student loan refinancing or income-driven repayment.

Remember that refinancing federal student loans means forfeiting access to federal repayment plans and other forgiveness programs. If you’re not relying on federal benefits, however, it could be an effective way to reduce your interest rate.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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