How to Invest in Agriculture

How to Invest in Farmland

Investing in farmland can take many forms, including buying related stocks, or even farmland REITs. That’s contrary to what many people might think: That investing in farmland or agriculture may involve owning farmland and operating a farm.

Many investors overlook this business sector when deciding where to put their money because they don’t see themselves toiling the land. But there are various options to invest in agriculture without being a farmer.

Why Invest in Farmland?

Investing in farmland or the agriculture sector is more than just owning some of that farmland and working the land. Agriculture can be an alternative investment that diversifies an investor’s portfolio. Investors can get exposure to agriculture and farming by investing in businesses involved in any part of the farming process, from the seeds in the ground to the distribution of products to grocery stores.

While there’s no guarantee that growth will occur in the space during the years ahead, it may be helpful for investors to get a feel for the soil, so to speak, before planting an investment.

4 Ways to Invest in Farmland

There are a handful of key ways to invest in farmland, including through stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and REITs.

1. Agriculture Stocks

Investors can put money into various publicly-traded companies that provide services in the farming industry. These agribusiness firms range from those involved in actual crop production — though many crop producers are privately held — to companies in the farming support businesses. The farming support businesses include companies that make fertilizer and seeds, manufacture farming equipment, and process and distribute crops.

Companies in the agriculture industry include, but are not limited to:

•   Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) : A large food processing and commodities trading firm

•   Deere & Company (DE) : Known as John Deere, this company manufactures agricultural machinery and heavy equipment

•   Corteva, Inc. (CTVA) : An agricultural chemical, fertilizer, and seed company

•   The Mosaic Company (MOS) : A large company that produces fertilizer and seeds

•   AGCO Corporation (AGCO) : An industrial company that’s perhaps best known for selling tractors.

💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

2. Agriculture ETFs and Mutual Funds

Investors who don’t want to pick individual stocks to invest in can always look to mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that provide exposure to the agricultural industry. Agriculture-focused mutual funds and ETFs invest in a basket of farming stocks, commodities, and related assets, allowing investors to diversify farming exposure.

3. Farm REITs

Farm and agricultural real estate investment trusts (REITs) own farmland and lease it to tenants who do the actual farming. REITs that invest in farmland can be a good option for investors who want exposure to farmland without actually owning a farm.

This type of investment can provide investors with various benefits. For example, a REIT is a type of liquid asset, meaning an investor can quickly sell the investment on the stock market. In contrast, if an investor were actually to own farmland outright, trying to sell the land could be a drawn-out and complex process. Other benefits include regular dividend payments and geographical and crop diversification.

4. Commodities

Agricultural commodities are the products produced by farms, like corn, soybeans, and wheat. Usually, this is done by trading futures contracts, though large investors may actually purchase and sell the physical commodities.

Trading commodities can be a profitable, though risky, endeavor. Investors who trade commodities look to take advantage of the market’s volatility for short-term gains. Commodity trading can be risky, especially for a novice investor. ETFs with exposure to commodities may be better for investors with lower risk tolerance.

Recommended: Why Is It Risky to Invest in Commodities?

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Start trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.


Benefits and Risks of Investing in Agriculture

Investing in farmland and agriculture has its pros and cons. Here are some of the benefits and risks investors should consider.

Benefits

One of the significant benefits of agriculture investments is that people always need to eat, so there will usually be some demand support for businesses in the industry. Because of this, some investors view the sector as somewhat recession-proof (at least parts of it), and potentially, a good way to diversify a portfolio.

Another benefit is that farmland REITs and certain agriculture stocks can provide passive income through regular dividend payouts. Additionally, farmland investments can provide a hedge against rising inflation.

Risks

The agricultural and farming sector can be fickle, as it’s subject to various risk factors that can impact investments. Uncertainties stemming from weather to government policies to the global commodities markets can cause volatile swings in prices and income that affect investments in the sector.

Here are some risks facing agricultural investments:

•   Production risk: Major weather events, crop diseases, and other factors can affect the quantity and quality of commodities produced.

•   Market risk: The global markets for commodities can affect farming and agricultural business as prices can swing wildly, making crop production and agribusiness demand uncertain.

•   Financial risk: Farms and related businesses often use debt to fund operations, so rising interest rates and credit tightening can hinder companies in the industry.

•   Regulatory risk: Changes in taxes, regulations, subsidies, and other government actions can impact agricultural businesses and investments.

The Takeaway

Investors who want to invest in the agriculture sector don’t necessarily need to buy a farm. Several investment vehicles can fit their needs to get exposure to farming. Farmland REITs, agribusiness stocks, and farming and commodity ETFs can be options to build wealth in the farm business.

While investing in farmland may have some advantages, it has its risks, too – which investors should take note of before making any investments. If you’re interested in adding an alternative investment, like farmland, to your portfolio, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional for guidance.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.

Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

FAQ

Is farmland a good investment?

Farmland might be a good investment, as agricultural investments can help diversify a portfolio. Depending on what areas of the agriculture business you invest in, the assets can produce steady income and long-term capital gains. These investments do have risks, too, however.

Is farmland a risky investment?

Farmland can be a risky investment, as it faces risks from all sorts of directions – weather, government regulation, global commodities markets, and more.

Is farmland recession-proof?

A farmland investment might be called recession-proof, and that may be true to a degree as there’s likely always going to be a base level of demand for the sector’s products (people need to eat!). But like any other sector, a recession would likely lead to a significant downturn in the agricultural space.

How profitable is farmland?

How profitable farmland investments ultimately are depends on the whims of the markets, and numerous other factors, including the weather, global demand, and even consumer tastes.


Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Fund Fees
If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.



Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN-Q224-1838708-V1

Read more
Understanding Net Asset Value

Net Asset Value (NAV): What It Means, Formula, Example

Net asset value (NAV) is an important metric for knowing how much each share of an investment fund, like a mutual fund or ETF, is worth. However, NAV alone cannot tell investors everything they need to know about potential investments.

Calculating NAV is helpful for fund valuation and pricing. Still, there are times when it is more beneficial to look at other aspects of a fund, like total return, to determine investment opportunities. Nonetheless, investors need to know how to calculate NAV, when it makes sense to use it, and why.

What Is Net Asset Value (NAV)?

Net asset value, or NAV, represents the value of an investment fund. NAV, most simply, is calculated by adding up what a fund owns (the assets) and subtracting what it owes (the liabilities).

NAV is typically used to represent the value of the fund per share, however, so the total above is usually divided by the number of outstanding shares. This makes it easier for investors to value and price the shares of a fund. Mutual funds, for example, use per-share NAV to determine their share price.

The NAV will also change daily because an investment fund’s assets and liabilities change daily based on market prices.The assets of an investment fund include the daily market value of the fund’s holdings, which are usually securities like stocks and bonds. The liabilities of a fund are usually debts owed to financial institutions and expenses, like salaries, operating costs, and other fees.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that mutual funds calculate their NAV at least once each business day. Most mutual funds perform their calculations after the major U.S. securities exchanges close for the day.

💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Get up to $1,000 in stock when you fund a new Active Invest account.*

Access stock trading, options, alternative investments, IRAs, and more. Get started in just a few minutes.


*Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

NAV Formula

Net asset value, as mentioned above, is calculated by taking a company or investment fund’s total assets and subtracting its liabilities. This figure is usually divided by the fund’s number of outstanding shares because NAV is generally represented on a per-share basis. The formula looks like this:

NAV = (Total Value of Assets – Total Value of Liabilities) / Number of Shares Outstanding

How NAV Is Used for Investments

NAV can be used for investments, and by investors, in a number of ways, often depending on the specific type of asset an investor is analyzing. It can give investors insight into a fund’s performance, but doesn’t necessarily tell the whole story.

Mutual Funds

Mutual funds are usually open-ended funds, meaning that investors buy and sell shares of the fund from the fund directly and not on an exchange like a stock. Because these funds don’t trade on an exchange for market prices, NAV is used to price the fund’s shares.

Mutual funds calculate their NAV per share daily, usually at the end of the business day, and that is the price an investor will pay to buy or sell shares in the fund. Every mutual fund company has its own cut-off time for buying and selling shares. After that time, investors buying or selling shares will get the fund’s NAV for the day after their transaction order is received.

💡 Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Mutual Funds

ETFs

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and closed-end funds are similar to traditional mutual funds, but one big difference is that investors can buy and sell ETFs throughout the trading day for a market price and not the NAV per share. Investors can make buy and sell orders for traditional mutual funds once per day and only at their published NAVs.

ETFs are still required to calculate the fund’s NAV once per day, like a mutual fund. Additionally, an ETF’s NAV is calculated approximately every 15 seconds over each trading day and published on various financial websites.

Because ETFs tend to trade at a premium or a discount to their NAV, traders often compare market prices and NAV to take advantage of the differences and make investment decisions.

Example of Calculating Mutual Fund NAV

As an example of calculating mutual fund NAV, imagine that mutual fund XYZ has $100 million worth of investments in different securities, based on the day’s closing prices for each security, and $10 million in liabilities and expenses. The NAV for this fund would be $90 million. If the fund has 5 million shares outstanding, the NAV per share for mutual fund XYZ would be $18.

The NAV for mutual fund XYZ can be calculated using the above formula:

NAV = ($100,000,000 – $10,000,000) / 5,000,000 = $18

How to Interpret NAV Results

A fund’s NAV alone doesn’t tell investors much; a high NAV for one fund is not necessarily better than a low NAV in another fund. Similar to stock prices, a high stock price doesn’t necessarily mean the stock is a better investment than a stock with a lower price.

Looking at a fund’s NAV and comparing it to another fund does not provide investors insight into which fund is the better investment. It’s more important for investors to look at NAV alongside other factors, like the fund’s past performance, the allocation of securities within each fund, and how it performs compared to benchmark indices like the S&P 500 Index.

💡 Quick Tip: How do you decide if a certain trading platform or app is right for you? Ideally, the investment platform you choose offers the features that you need for your investment goals or strategy, e.g., an easy-to-use interface, data analysis, educational tools.

Why Do NAVs Change?

A mutual fund’s NAV will likely change every trading day because the prices of securities in which the fund invests are likely to change every trading day, affecting the total assets in the fund. It’s also because the number of outstanding shares held by investors often changes daily, as new investors buy shares and existing investors sell.

Other factors can also impact a fund’s NAV. For example, the fund’s management fee and additional fees that add up to the fund’s total expense ratio will come out of the fund’s total assets, thus affecting NAV. In addition to management fees, expenses can include costs related to the administrative, compliance, distribution, management, marketing, shareholder services, and record-keeping of the fund. It’s common practice for mutual funds to assess this debit on the fund’s assets every trading day.

When NAV Isn’t Everything

If a mutual fund invests in dividend-paying stocks or fixed-income assets, these securities’ dividends and interest payments go to the investor. Additionally, a mutual fund may distribute realized capital gains to shareholders. These payouts reduce the fund’s assets and result in a lower NAV. Because these benefits lower a fund’s NAV, it shows that NAV may not be the only figure to pay attention to when analyzing the performance of a fund.

When analyzing the performance of mutual funds, it can make sense to look at metrics other than NAV alone, like investment yield and the funds’ total return. The total return considers capital gains and losses from all of the securities the fund invests in, as well as the dividends and interest earned by the fund, minus the fund’s expenses.

The Takeaway

Net asset value, or NAV, is a daily calculation that can track the value of a mutual fund, ETF, or money market fund. But while this figure can be helpful to gauge a fund’s performance, it isn’t the only metric that investors should consider. Total return, yield, and fees are also important figures when making mutual fund investing decisions.

Remember that NAV itself doesn’t tell an investor everything that they need to know, but is just one metric or data point that can be used along with an array of others to analyze funds.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

Is net asset value the same as price?

NAV and share price are two different things. Net asset value is the value of the investments within a fund, or the value of a portion of the fund. The share price of a fund, though it may be related, is different from that value.

Why is net asset value important?

Net asset value is important for investors because it describes the total equity or value of a fund. It can help determine the value a share of a fund has, and can help investors evaluate the overall value of an investment.

Is high NAV good or bad?

NAV on its own doesn’t tell investors a whole lot, so whether NAV is high may not be good or bad. What’s more important is how high a fund’s NAV is relative to other metrics, which may include its market price.

Is it good to invest when NAV is down?

If a fund’s NAV is down, that could be a sign that the fund’s performance is suffering. But it doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s a good time to invest in that fund, or a bad time to do so – other metrics must be considered along with NAV, at any given time, to determine whether an investor wants to alter their position.

What is an example of a NAV?

An example of NAV could be $18, and that would be calculated looking at a fund’s underlying securities. You’d need to rope in assets and liabilities, and calculate accordingly to find NAV. Again, $18 is just an example, as NAV could be any dollar figure as it relates to the fund’s assets and liabilities.


SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Fund Fees
If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
SoFi Invest may waive all, or part of any of these fees, permanently or for a period of time, at its sole discretion for any reason. Fees are subject to change at any time. The current fee schedule will always be available in your Account Documents section of SoFi Invest.


Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

SOIN-Q224-1845962-V1

Read more
Having a Savings Accounts on Social Security Disability

Are You Allowed to Have a Savings Account While on Social Security Disability?

If someone is applying for disability benefits, they may be relieved to learn that, yes, you can have a savings account while on Social Security disability. While there are certain financial factors that can disqualify someone from Social Security eligibility, having a savings account is not one of those factors.

But of course, there are some subtleties to be aware of with any benefits matter, so it’s important to take a closer look. Among the points to learn are the difference between SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) and SSI (Supplemental Security Income), who is eligible for Social Security disability benefits, and what the guidelines are for having a savings account while receiving benefits.

What Is Social Security?

There’s a reason the Social Security program is so well known: It has been providing financial support to Americans for many decades. Social Security benefits are designed to help maintain the basic well-being and protection of the American people. These benefits have been around since the 1930’s in response to the economic crisis caused by the Great Depression.

Today, one in five Americans currently receive some form of Social Security benefits — one third of those are disabled, dependents, or survivors of deceased workers. More than 10 million Americans are either disabled workers or their dependents.

💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.

Can I Get Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Income with a Savings Account?

You may be thinking you can’t have that kind of asset if you want to qualify for Social Security Disability funds. However, it is indeed possible to receive Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or supplemental security income if you have a checking or a savings account.

Even better, it doesn’t matter how much money is held in that account. There are other program requirements that must be met to qualify for SSDI, but how much money someone has or doesn’t have in the bank isn’t one of them.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.

Up to 4.20% APY on savings balances.

Up to 2-day-early paycheck.

Up to $2M of additional
FDIC insurance.


Eligibility for SSDI

In order to be eligible for SSDI benefits, the individual must have worked in a job or jobs that were covered by Social Security and have a current medical condition that meets Social Security’s definition of disability. Generally, this program can benefit those who are unable to work for a year or more due to a disability.

It provides monthly benefits until the individual is able to work again on a regular basis. If someone reaches full retirement age while receiving SSDI benefits, those benefits will automatically convert to retirement benefits maintaining the same amount of financial support.

Eligibility for SSI

If you receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI), however, there is a limit on how much you can have in savings. SSI is a federal support program that receives funding from the type of taxes known as general tax revenue, not Social Security taxes.

This program provides financial support to help recipients cover basic needs such as clothing, shelter, and food. It provides aid to those who are aged (65 or older), blind, and disabled people who have little or no income (or limited resources). To qualify, participants must be a U.S. citizen or national, or qualify as one of certain categories of noncitizens.

What You Have to Tell SS about Your Assets if You Want Benefits

There are certain assets (in this case, they’re known as resources) that must be disclosed in order to qualify for benefits through the SSI program. Typically, to receive benefits, one can’t own more than $2,000 as an individual or $3,000 as a couple in what the SSA deems “countable resources.” However, there aren’t any such limits in place for the SSDI program.

The value of someone’s resources (aka their financial assets) can help determine if they are eligible for Social Security benefits. If a recipient has more resources than allowed by the limit at the beginning of the month (when resources are counted), they won’t receive benefits for that month. They can be eligible again the next month if they use up or sell enough resources to fall below the limit.

Eligible resources can include:

•   Cash

•   Bank accounts (checking account, regular savings account, growth savings account; whatever you have)

•   Stocks, mutual funds, and U.S. savings bonds

•   Land

•   Life insurance

•   Personal property

•   Vehicles

•   Anything that can be changed to cash (and can be used for food and shelter)

•   Deemed resources

The term “deemed resources” refers to the resources of a spouse, parent, parent’s spouse, sponsor of a noncitizen, or sponsor’s spouse of the Social Security benefits applicant.

A certain amount of these deemed resources are subtracted from the overall limit. For example, if a child under 18 lives with only one parent, $2,000 worth of deemed resources won’t count towards the limit. If they live with two parents, that amount rises to $3,000.

Recommended: What are the Different Types of Savings Accounts?

How Much Can I Have in My Savings Account and Receive SSI or SSDI?

For the SSI program, the total resource limit (which includes what’s in a checking account) can not be more than $2,000 for an individual or $3,000 for a couple. Again, there are no asset limits when it comes to the SSDI program. If someone is applying for the SSDI program, they can surpass that $3,000 limit, and it won’t matter as it doesn’t apply to them.

SSA Exceptions and Programs

Not every asset someone owns will count towards the SSI resource limit (remember, there is no such limit for the SSDI program). For the SSI program, there are some exceptions regarding what counts as a resource. The following assets aren’t taken into consideration:

•   The home the applicant lives in and the land they live on

•   One vehicle—regardless of value—if the applicant or a member of their household use it for transportation

•   Household goods and personal effects

•   Life insurance policies (with a combined face value of $1,500 or less)

•   Burial spaces for them or their immediate family

•   Burial funds for them and their spouse (each valued at $1,500 or less)

•   Property they or their spouse use in a trade or business or to do their job

•   If blind or disabled, any money they set aside under a Plan to Achieve Self-Support

•   Up to $100,000 of funds in an Achieving a Better Life Experience account established through a State ABLE program

The Takeaway

When applying for Social Security benefits, having a savings account may or may not impact your eligibility. It depends on which program you are applying for. It is possible to have a savings account while receiving SSDI benefits. It’s also possible to have a savings account while receiving SSI, but there are limits regarding how much the value of the applicant’s assets (including what’s in their savings accounts) can be worth to qualify for support.

If you happen to be in the market for a savings account, take a look at your options.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.20% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How much money can I have in a savings account while on Social Security?

Personal assets aren’t taken into account, including savings, when applying for the SSDI program. For SSI, however, countable resources (including savings accounts) are capped at $2,000 for individuals and $3,000 for couples.

Does Social Security look at your bank account?

That depends. If someone is applying for Supplemental Social Security Income (SSI) benefits, their personal assets are taken into consideration when it comes to eligibility. With Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), applicant assets aren’t taken into consideration.

What happens if you have more than $2,000 in the bank on SSI?

If you have more than $2,000 in the bank and are on SSI as an individual (more than $3,000 if you are part of a couple), you will not receive benefits for that month. Your finances will be evaluated the following month to see if your assets have fallen and you therefore qualify.

Does Social Security check your bank account every month?

Money in the bank doesn’t affect Social Security disability benefits. However, there is a $2,000 to $3,000 limit (varies by household) for the SSI program.


Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/31/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOBK-Q224-1862157-V1

Read more
Historical 30-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgage Trends

Historical 30-Year Fixed-Rate Mortgage Trends

Historically speaking, mortgage rates have remained relatively low since the Great Recession, with some fluctuation at times due to market conditions. As a result, a generation of homebuyers has become accustomed to a low 30-year fixed-rate mortgage.

But with mortgage rates on the rise, it can put a sour taste in the mouths of people trying to join the ranks of homeowners in the country. They may be thinking that they missed an opportunity to buy a home. However, it’s important to look at the history of mortgages and mortgage rates to put the current conditions into context.

Key Points

•   Historical mortgage rates have been relatively low since the Great Recession, encouraging a generation of homebuyers.

•   The Federal Housing Administration initiated modern mortgage lending in the U.S. during the 1930s.

•   Mortgage rates peaked at 18.63% in October 1981 due to tight monetary policies.

•   Post-2007, rates dropped significantly, influenced by the Federal Reserve’s efforts to stimulate the economy.

•   Recent trends show a rise in mortgage rates, reaching 7.79% in October 2023 before slightly decreasing.

The History of Mortgage Rates

The modern history of mortgage lending in the U.S. began in the 1930s with the creation of the Federal Housing Administration. From the 1930s through the 1960s, a combination of government policy and demographic changes made owning a home a normal part of American life. During this time, the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage became the standard for home mortgage loans.

When discussing the fluctuation of mortgage rate trends, analysts usually refer to the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. Here’s a look at the trend of these mortgage rates since the 1970s.

The 1970s

Throughout the 1970s, mortgage rates rose steadily, moving from the 7% range into the 13% range. This uptick in rates was due, in part, to the Arab oil embargo, which significantly reduced the oil supply and sent the U.S. into a recession with high inflation — known as stagflation.

As a result, Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker made a bold change in monetary policy by the end of the decade, raising the federal funds rate to combat inflation. Though the Federal Reserve doesn’t directly set mortgage rates, its monetary policy decisions can still impact many financial products, including mortgages.

The 1980s

The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage hit an all-time high in October 1981 when the rates reached 18.63%. The Federal Reserve’s tight monetary policy affected this high borrowing cost and put the economy into a recession. However, inflation was under control by the end of the 1980s, and the economy recovered; mortgage rates moved down to around 10%.

The 1990s and 2000s

Mortgage rates continued a downward trend throughout the 1990s, ending the decade at around 8%. At the same time, the homeownership rate in the U.S. increased, rising from 63.9% in 1994 to 67.1% in early 2000.

Several factors led to a housing crash in the latter part of the 2000s, including a rise in subprime mortgages and risky mortgage-backed securities.

The housing crash led to the Great Recession. To boost the economy, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates to make borrowing money cheaper. Mortgage rates dropped from just below 7% in 2007 to below 5% in 2009.

Recommended: ​​US Recession History: Reviewing Past Market Contractions

The 2010s

Mortgage rates steadily decreased throughout most of the 2010s, staying below 5% for the most part. The Federal Reserve enacted a zero-interest-rate policy and a quantitative easing program to prop up the economy during this time following the Great Recession. This helped keep mortgage rates historically low.

The 2020s

The Federal Reserve reduced the federal funds rate to near-zero levels in March 2020, causing a drop in rates of various financial products. The effects of the fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic pushed mortgage rates below previous historic lows. The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage hit 2.77% in August 2021.

However, with inflation reaching levels not experienced since the early 1980s, the Federal Reserve reversed course. The central bank started to tighten monetary policy in late 2021 and early 2022, which led to a rapid increase in mortgage rates. In May 2022, the average mortgage rate was above 5%. While this was below historical trends, it was the highest rate since 2018. From there, the 30-year fixed rate mortgage crept upward, reaching a high of 7.79% in October 2023 before declining to 7.1% in April 2024.

Recommended: How Inflation Affects Mortgage Interest Rates

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.


Why Do Mortgage Rates Change?

As we can see from looking at interest rate fluctuations, major economic events can significantly impact mortgage rates both in the short and long term. As noted above, this has to do primarily with the Federal Reserve.

Federal Reserve actions influence nearly all interest rates, including mortgages through the prime rate, long-term treasury yields, and mortgage-backed securities. The Federal Reserve sets the federal funds benchmark rate, the overnight rate at which banks lend money to each other.

This rate impacts the prime rate, which is the rate banks use to lend money to borrowers with good credit. Most adjustable short-term rate loans and mortgages use the prime rate to set the base interest rates they can offer to borrowers. So, after the Federal Reserve raises or lowers rates, adjustable short-term mortgage loan rates are likely to follow suit.

Longer-term mortgage rates have also risen and fallen alongside economic and political events with movement in long-term treasury bond yields. In the short term, a Federal Reserve interest rate change can affect mortgage markets as money moves between stocks and bonds, affecting mortgage rates. Longer-term mortgage rates are influenced by Fed rate changes but don’t have as direct an effect as short-term rates.

Recommended: Federal Reserve Interest Rates, Explained

Can Changing Rates Affect Your Existing Mortgage?

If you have a mortgage with a variable interest rate, known as an adjustable-rate mortgage, changing rates can affect your loan payments. With this type of home loan, you may have started with an interest rate lower than many fixed-rate mortgages. That introductory rate is often locked in for an initial period of several months or years.

After that, your interest rate is subject to change — how high and how often depends on the terms of your loan and interest rate fluctuations. These changes are generally tied to the movement of interest rates, but more specifically, which index your adjustable-rate mortgage is linked to, which can be affected by the Fed’s actions.

However, most adjustable-rate mortgages have annual and lifetime rate caps limiting how high your interest rate and payments can change.

If you took out a fixed-rate mortgage, your initial interest rate is locked in for the entire time you have the home loan, even if it takes you 30 years to pay it off.

Recommended: What Is a Good Mortgage Rate?

The Takeaway

If you are in the market to buy a home, it might be tempting to rush and buy when mortgage rates drop a bit, or to put off buying until rates hopefully decrease in the future. However, choosing the perfect time to buy a home based on the ideal rate can be difficult. You’re probably better off letting your need for a home and your personal financial situation drive your decision making. (Do you have a down payment saved up? Is your debt under control?) When it’s time to buy, do your research and choose the best mortgage available for your personal situation.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOHL-Q224-1842813-V1

Read more
How Many People Have Student Loans in the United States?

How Many Americans Have Student Loan Debt?

According to the latest figures from the Federal Reserve, 30% of U.S. adults had student loan debt upon leaving school.

Student loan debt is a significant financial burden for many Americans, impacting their ability to save, invest, and achieve financial milestones. As higher education costs continue to rise, more students and families rely on loans to fund their education.

Understanding the scope and scale of student loan debt in the United States is crucial for grasping its economic and social implications. Keep reading to learn how many Americans have student loan debt, the average amount borrowed, student loan debt by demographics, and more.

How Many People in the USA Have Student Loans?

The total student loan debt crisis amounts to $1.74 trillion in unpaid student loans as of the second quarter of 2024. This outstanding balance is spread among 43.2 million U.S. borrowers.

Federal student loans account for 91.2% of all U.S. student loan debt, according to the Education Data Initiative. However, U.S. adults are also burdened by private student loans.

As of Q3 2023, Americans have amassed a total of $130.28 billion in private student loans — accounting for 7.5% of outstanding student loans in the country.

Recommended: The Impact of Student Loan Debt on the Economy

Who Is the Typical Borrower?

The College Board’s Trends in College Pricing and Student Aid 2023 report found that the average four-year, public bachelor’s degree graduate left school with $27,400 in student debt. Bachelor’s recipients from private nonprofit institutions left school with an average of $33,600 in student debt.

Student Loan Debt by Age

U.S. adults ages 35 to 49 have a total aggregated balance of $635.7 billion in federal loans across 14.7 million borrowers. On average, a borrower in this age group has a student debt balance of $43,200, according to College Board.

Age

Total Balance

Average Balance per Borrower

Up to age 24

$103.4 billion

$14,600

25 to 34

$497.5 billion

$32,900

35 to 49

$635.7 billion

$43,200

50 to 61

$297.4 billion

$45,700

62 and older

$112.8 billion

$41,600

The next-highest total balance, at $497.5 billion, falls on borrowers ages 25 to 34. The 15.1 million borrowers in this age group have an average loan balance of $32,900.

Borrowers with the highest average balance ($45,700) are those who are 50 to 61 years — this group accounts for 6.5 million borrowers in the U.S.

Student Loan Debt by Race and Gender

According to the Education Data Initiative, 64% of the total U.S. student loan debt is held by women.

Men borrow an average of $29,862 in student loans. By contrast, each woman carries an average of over $30,000 in student debt.

Race/Ethnicity (Women)

Cumulative Debt

Asian

$25,252

Black or African American

$37,558

Hispanic or Latina

$27,029

White

$31,346

Black women face the greatest hurdle when it comes to student loan debt. According to AAUW, Black or African American women carry the highest cumulative student debt by race and ethnicity at $37,558. This figure includes the principal amount and student loan interest rate charges.

Student Loan Borrowers by Debt Size

According to the U.S. Department of Education, most student loan borrowers (9.9 million as of 2023) owe between $20,000 and $40,000. Close to half of all borrowers (42%) owe between $10,000 and $40,000, and only one million borrowers have student debt totaling $200,000 or more.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

How Many People Have Student Loans by Demographic?

According to the Education Data Initiative, middle-income students are most likely to take out student loans. For students living on campus, 63.6% used federal student loans, compared to 39.7% of students who lived with their parents.

Among married undergraduates, 52% accepted federal loans. 54.1% of independent undergraduate students relied on federal student loans to help fund their education.

Recommended: Examining the Different Types of Student Loans

What Percentage of College Students Take Out Student Loans?

The percentage of students who borrow student loans vary based on factors like degree type and institution.

According to the Education Data Initiative, 31.5% of undergraduate students accepted student loans from the federal student loan program.

About 52% of bachelor-seeking students attending a private nonprofit received federal student loans, while 49% of bachelor’s students enrolled at a public college received federal loan aid.

Among master’s degree students, 53.6% who attended a private nonprofit school received federal aid, compared to 52.5% who attended a public institution.

Finally, 79.5% of students pursuing a professional doctorate degree at a private nonprofit received student loans. Of those who attended a public college, 31% of doctoral candidates have student loan debt.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

Total Owed by Americans on Student Loans?

Collectively, Americans have an outstanding student loan balance of $1.74 trillion in total. Private student loans makeup $130.28 billion of that, and the rest is federal student loans.

The Takeaway

Americans are carrying a significant student debt burden after leaving school. New and currently enrolled college students will likely see continued rising education costs.

Despite these figures, one of the benefits of student loans is that they can provide access to college for students who might otherwise not be able to finance their education. To pay for college, students can turn to cash savings, scholarships, grants, and federal and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Who holds the majority of student debt?

According to the College Board, borrowers ages 35 to 49 hold the majority of outstanding federal student debt at $635.7 billion, with an average balance of $43,200 per borrower.

What is the average student debt in the U.S.?

According to the Education Data Initiative, the average federal student loan debt as of 2024 is $37,843 per borrower. Counting private student loans, that number is $40,681 per borrower.

What is the total amount of student debt owed by Americans?

Americans owe $1.74 trillion in federal and private student loans as of 2024.

How do you get rid of student loan debt?

To get rid of student loan debt, you can make consistent payments, consider refinancing for better rates, apply for income-driven repayment plans, or seek loan forgiveness programs if eligible. Strategies like budgeting and making extra payments can help accelerate debt repayment and reduce the total interest paid.

What happens to student loan debt when you die?

When a borrower dies, federal student loan debt is typically discharged and does not need to be repaid. For private student loans, policies vary by lender; some may discharge the debt, while others may require repayment from the borrower’s estate or a cosigner if one exists.

How does student loan debt affect the economy?

Student loan debt affects the economy by reducing borrowers’ purchasing power, delaying homeownership, and impacting savings and retirement plans. High debt levels can limit consumer spending and hinder economic growth. Additionally, it may discourage potential students from pursuing higher education, affecting workforce skills and overall economic productivity.


Photo credit: iStock/Prostock-Studio

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOISL-Q324-057

Read more
TLS 1.2 Encrypted
Equal Housing Lender