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If you find yourself unable to make even the minimum payment on your credit card, your account may get sent to credit card collections. Credit card debt collection is the process by which credit card companies try to collect on the debt that they are owed.

The credit card companies may try to collect the debt themselves, or they may hire a third-party credit card debt collection firm to collect. In some cases, the debt owed may be sold to another company, who might then try to collect. Here’s a look at what happens when credit card debt goes to collections.

What Are Credit Card Collections?

Credit card collections is the process that lenders go through to try to get paid for outstanding debts they’re owed.

If you know what a credit card is, you’ll know that credit card issuers allow you to make purchases with the promise of eventual repayment. But if you don’t make even the credit card minimum payment, the credit card company eventually may send your debt to collections in an effort to recoup the money owed.

When Are You at Risk of Credit Card Debt Collection?

You may be at risk of credit card debt collection when you miss multiple payments. You’re required to pay the minimum balance on your card each month. An early warning sign of a credit card debt issue, however, may be when you’re frequently unable to pay more than the minimum balance.

The average credit card interest rate is currently above 20%, and with unpaid balances typically compounding daily, debt can build up quickly. (With interest rates rising in recent years, caps on credit card interest rates have recently been proposed, though the benefits and risks of these are under debate.) By and large, however, a steadily increasing balance could be a sign of an increasing credit card debt concern.

💡 Quick Tip: Wherever you stand on the proposed Trump credit card interest cap, one of the best strategies you can use to pay down high-interest credit card debt is to secure a lower interest rate. A SoFi personal loan for credit card debt can provide a cheaper, faster, and predictable way to pay down debt.

How Do Credit Card Collections Work?

Credit card credit card debt collection results from not paying your credit card bills. The best way to use credit cards is to always pay the full amount each month on the credit card payment due date. Even if you’re not able to, you’ll want to at least make the credit card minimum payment.

If you don’t make any payments toward your credit card balance, the credit card company may start the credit card collections process. At this point, a third-party debt collector will assume responsibility for trying to get you to repay the money owed, relying on the contact information the credit card company has on file to get in touch.

Credit Card Debt Collections Process

Most credit card companies will begin the credit card debt collections process by attempting to contact you directly to pay off the debt. If you haven’t made any credit card payments recently, the bank will likely try to email or send you certified letters. Then, if you still don’t make any payments and don’t arrange for a payment plan with your lender within 30 to 90 days, they’ll likely turn it over to a third-party debt collector.

Most credit card companies do not have the staff or business model to engage in a long-term credit card collection process. That’s why they will usually hire a third-party company or companies to do the actual debt collection. If these companies do not successfully collect the debt, it’s also possible your debt will be sold to another company, which will then try to collect on it. There are currently over 7,000 third-party debt collection companies in the U.S.

At any point, one of these companies may formally sue you in an attempt to collect the money from you, one of the many consequences of credit card late payment.

Features of Credit Card Debt Collections

The credit card collections process is not a pleasant experience. Persistent letters, emails, and phone calls are all features of the debt collections process.

At the beginning, when the credit card company itself is handling the collection process, it may be a bit better. However, once your debt has been sold and/or turned over to a debt collections agency, things often become more intense.

What Is a Collection Lawsuit?

If debt collectors are not successful in using phone calls, letters, or emails, the next step is often a lawsuit. A collection lawsuit is when either the debt owner or collector files in court asking you to pay the debt. If they win, the judge will issue a judgment, which could allow the debt collector to garnish your wages or put a levy on your bank account.

It’s important to note that different states have different rules for how long a debt collector has to file a lawsuit. In most states, if you incurred the debt, the debt collector can legally collect it, and if they have the correct amount, they can keep asking you to pay the debt. However, there may be a statute of limitations on how long they can initiate a collection lawsuit. Check reputable websites or with a lawyer if you’re not sure about the law where you live.

Responding to a Collection Lawsuit: What to Know

If you receive a collection lawsuit, you may be wondering if you should respond. In most cases, it’s a good idea to respond to the collection lawsuit, since that requires the owner of the debt to prove their case.

If they can’t show they own your debt and that you’re obligated to pay it, you may have the debt vacated. Further, you may also have your debt discharged if it’s past your state’s statute of limitations.

Consult with a debt relief lawyer if you’re not sure what to do in your particular circumstances.

What Happens If You Don’t Respond to a Collection Lawsuit?

If you don’t respond to a collection lawsuit, it’s possible that the judge will issue a default judgment against you. A default judgment means that the plaintiff (the debt collector) automatically wins, since the defendant (you) did not respond to the lawsuit. In that case, the debt collector or owner now has the legal right to garnish your wages and/or attempt to go after the money in any of your bank accounts.

How a Debt in Collection Affects Your Credit

Having debts that are in collection will have a negative impact on your credit score. The more recent the date of collection, the more of a negative impact it will have on your credit score.

In most cases, a debt that is in collection will stay on your credit report for seven years (though note this differs from how long credit card debt can be collected).

Recommended: Does Applying For a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score

Guide to Dealing With Credit Card Debt in Collection

If you have a debt that’s already in collection, you may want to consult a lawyer that specializes in debt relief. While it may seem daunting to hire and pay for a lawyer, they may be able to help you settle the debt for a fraction of the original amount or even completely discharge the debt.

Taking Charge of Your Finances

If you’re worrying about credit card debt collections, you may feel like your finances have spun out of your control. Here are some tips to take charge once again:

•   Only spend what you can afford to pay off: One of the best tips for using a credit card responsibly is to avoid making purchases that you won’t be able to pay off each month. This will stop your spending from spiraling into debt.

•   Always try to pay off your credit card in full: When you pay your full credit card statement amount each month, you stay out of debt and are more likely to have a good or excellent credit score. Although credit card debt can be hard to pay off, doing so can have a positive impact on your credit score.

•   Address any debt head on: If you find yourself in the position of having credit card debt, the best thing to do is to openly acknowledge your situation and make a plan to pay off your credit card bill. Start a budget, cut expenses if needed, and use any monthly surplus amount to pay down your debt. It’s also smart to stop spending on your credit card until you’ve reduced or eliminated any outstanding balance.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

The Takeaway

If you don’t pay the balance on your credit card, your credit card issuer may begin the credit card debt collection process. This may mean that they may contact you directly, hire a third-party collection company, or even sell your debt to another company. Having a debt in collections will have a negative effect on your credit score and is something to avoid if possible.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

Looking for a new credit card? Consider credit card options that can make your money work for you. See if you're prequalified for a SoFi Credit Card.

FAQ

What happens when credit card debt goes to collections?

If you have an outstanding credit card balance that goes to collections, the credit card company likely will ask you to make at least the minimum payment on the debt. This may continue for the first few months, after which point they’ll likely hire a third-party debt collector. The debt collector will then start trying to collect the debt from you, which may include filing a lawsuit against you.

Can a debt collector force me to pay?

A debt collector company cannot directly force you to pay a debt. However, depending on the statute of limitations in the state you live in and how long ago the debt was incurred, they may be able to sue you in court. If they win, the court may issue a judgment, which would allow them to collect by garnishing your wages and/or levying your bank account.

How long can credit card debt be collected?

In most states, as long as it’s a valid debt, there is no statute of limitations for how long a debtor can ask for repayment. However, many states do limit how long legal action can be taken to collect the debt. Additionally, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act details what a debt collector can and cannot do while attempting to collect a debt.

Do debt collections affect your credit score?

If you have a debt in collection, especially one that has recently gone into collections, it’s likely to have a severe impact on your score. This is because payment history is one of the factors used in the calculation of your credit score, and credit card debt in collections is considered significantly past due.

Photo credit: iStock/courtneyk

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

SoFi Credit Cards are issued by SoFi Bank, N.A. pursuant to license by Mastercard® International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

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If you’re not a seasoned credit card user, you might have questions about credit card payments and their impact on your credit.

Used smartly, a credit card can be a great financial tool, but the key is not charging more than you can afford to pay back and making payments on time each month. Here, you’ll learn more about how to manage your credit card payments well which can help optimize your finances.

The Benefits of Using a Credit Card

A credit card is convenient if you don’t have cash on hand to make a purchase. As long as you know you can pay back what you charge, either in full or over a few months, a credit card can be a useful tool.

There may also be situations like renting a car or booking a hotel room when you are typically required to have a credit card to avoid a deposit. The hotel or rental company will place a hold on your card so that in the event of damage or other expenses you need to cover, the company knows you can pay them. With a debit card, you may have that same hold of several hundred dollars tying up your funds for several days.

Another benefit of credit cards is the ability to earn rewards. Many cards give you points for purchases that you can redeem for travel, cash back, or other perks, and if you pay your balance before accruing interest, it can be like the card is paying you to use it.

Potential Downsides of Using a Credit Card

On the other hand, credit cards can cause issues if you don’t exercise good behavior in terms of your credit card payments. Each month, you are charged interest on your purchases. The interest is calculated by dividing your card’s annual percentage rate by 365 to get the daily rate, and then multiplying your current balance by the daily rate.

That may only amount to a few extra dollars a month, but if you don’t pay your balance in full for several months, that amount can snowball, and what you initially charged can easily cost you a lot more.

Another thing to be aware of is the fact that credit card companies charge fees in addition to interest. Some charge an annual fee (usually for cards with rewards programs).

Cash advances come with a fee and a higher interest rate than for purchases.

There are also late credit card payment fees to watch out for. Not only will you be charged a fee if you don’t pay the minimum due by the payment due date, but it may appear on your credit report as a negative mark. This may hurt your credit scores and your ability to take out other financing later.

💡 Quick Tip: With credit card interest rates rising in recent years, calls for credit card interest caps have been in the spotlight. Those carrying high-interest credit card debt, however, may find debt relief by switching to a fixed, lower-interest personal loan. A SoFi personal loan for credit card debt may provide a cheaper, faster, and predictable way to pay down debt.

How Credit Cards Impact Your Credit Scores

While a late payment can negatively affect your credit scores, credit card payments made on time can actually help your credit scores.

Each time you make a payment on time, it is reported to credit bureaus like Experian®, Equifax®, and TransUnion®. Over time, on-time payments may factor into the algorithms the credit bureaus use to determine your credit scores, and may build your number a few points.

Each bureau has its own formula for how scores are determined, and not every credit card company reports to each bureau, so there’s no easy way to know how your payments directly affect your score. But in general, paying on time is behavior that will benefit you over time.

Understanding Credit Utilization

Another factor that goes into your credit scores is credit utilization. This is a calculation of how much credit you have available to access compared with how much you are actually using.

Let’s say you have three credit cards and a total available credit of $15,000. You have a balance of $2,000 across all of them. By dividing the balance by the total credit available, you get 0.133, or 13% credit utilization.

When applying for new credit cards or loans, lenders will look at your credit utilization. If it’s too high — most look for a rate of under 30% or under 10% ideally — you may not be approved for the card or loan. That’s why it’s important to stay on top of how much of your total credit you’re using and pay down your debt so you don’t have a high credit utilization rate.

Recommended: Breaking Down the Different Types of Credit Cards

How to Build Your Credit With a Credit Card

Once you understand how credit card payments work, you may use credit cards to build your credit.

1. Pay Your Bill on Time Each Month

You’ve learned the importance of making your credit card payments on time. For some people, it can be helpful to put the credit card due date on a calendar (leaving a few days for the payment to get to the company and be processed) to ensure they don’t have late payments.

Many people find autopay, used wisely, a great tool.

If you’ve just received your first credit card, find out how to make credit card payments long before your first one is due, as you might need to set up your bank account information to send an electronic payment, and you want to allow time for that process to be finalized before the due date.

2. Pay More Than the Minimum

If you only charge what you can afford, you should be able to pay off your balance each month, but there may come a time when you have an emergency that requires a larger charge you can’t pay off all at once.

In that case, you may be tempted to pay the minimum amount due, but realize that in doing so, you will pay more in the long run, as those interest charges will snowball. Even if you pay just $5 a month more than the minimum due, you can cut down on interest and pay off your balance faster.

This will also reduce your credit utilization rate and may build your credit score.

3. Review Your Credit Report Regularly

Working on your credit involves more than just making credit card payments on time. Access your credit report from Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion (it’s typically free to do so) and review it for accuracy. Make sure the payments you’ve made are reported as on-time, and look at your list of trade accounts to make sure there are no errors.

For example, maybe you closed a credit card six months ago, but it still appears on your credit report. This is a discrepancy that you can report to the bureau (each bureau’s website has information on how to report a discrepancy). Check again after you report it (allowing for time to process your request) to ensure it has been removed.

Regularly reviewing your credit report will also alert you to any fraudulent activity that might occur. It’s rare, but identity theft does happen, and you’ll want to know if someone is using your identity to open credit cards or take out loans.

4. Only Charge What You Can Afford

Credit cards can be tempting. Without discipline, you might feel like taking a shopping spree, ignoring the financial consequences.

As mentioned in terms of using a credit card responsibly, only charge what you can afford to pay back in a reasonable time frame. A credit card isn’t meant to be free money, and overspending with one can cost you much more than you initially spent.

The Takeaway

Using credit cards responsibly and making credit card payments on time (and in full, when you can) can set you on the path to financial success. The key is to be aware of your spending and your credit utilization so you can help build your credit scores over time.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

Looking for a new credit card? Consider credit card options that can make your money work for you. See if you're prequalified for a SoFi Credit Card.

FAQ

How do credit card monthly payments work?

Credit card monthly payments involve paying at least the minimum amount due to avoid late fees and keep your account in good standing. Paying off the full statement balance avoids interest charges.

Do you pay your credit card in full every month?

Credit cards don’t need to be paid in full every month, but doing so prevents interest charges and debt from accumulating. Even so, carrying a balance with interest can be an effective way to finance major purchases, like a kitchen renovation or a significant car repair.

How are credit card payments worked out?

Credit card minimum payments are usually calculated as a percentage of your statement balance. Some lenders may charge a percentage of your balance, while others factor in interest and other fees. You can check the fine print or contact your card issuer for details.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SoFi Credit Cards are issued by SoFi Bank, N.A. pursuant to license by Mastercard® International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

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Many people aspire to live a “debt-free” life. And for good reason: Getting out of debt means that your take-home pay is completely your own (since you won’t be sharing any of it with creditors). Having more money to work with can help you achieve your goals, whether it’s building an emergency fund, sending your kids to college, or being able to retire some day. Knocking down debt can also improve your day-to-day life by relieving stress and boosting your mental health.

The question is, how do you get there? If you’re currently living under a mountain of student loans, credit card debt, medical debt, and/or other types of debt, it can be hard to see a way out or, frankly, even a ray of sunlight. But don’t give up. We’ve got six ideas that can help you whittle down your debt and get on the road to financial independence and freedom.

What Does It Mean to Live a Debt-Free Life?

Living “debt-free” can mean different things to different people. In the purest sense, being debt-free means having absolutely zero debt — including no credit card debt, no car or student loans, and no mortgage.

However, some people subscribe to a looser definition of “debt-free,” where you’re free of so-called “bad debt,” such as high-interest credit cards and payday loans, but recognize that some debt is “good.”

A low-interest mortgage or student loan, for example, can be considered good debt, since it can help you increase your net worth or generate future income. This looser definition may work to your advantage because it allows you to achieve milestone goals like owning a home without high-interest debt burdening your monthly finances.

Benefits of Living Debt-Free

However you define debt-free living, knocking down your debt comes with a wide range of benefits — some expected and some, perhaps, surprising.

•   More money to spend: Interest charges eat away at your income, giving you less money for other things. Once you pay off your debts (particularly those with high interest rates), you’ll have a lot more money in your pocket.

•   Financial stability: By freeing up cash, you’ll have money available to build your emergency fund (your best defense against running up costly debt in the future). You’ll also be able to put money towards other goals and investments.

•   Less stress and anxiety: Dealing with debt isn’t just a financial challenge — it also impacts mental health. In a recent Forbes Advisor survey, 54% of adults said they often or always feel stressed by their debt circumstances; another 32% said they sometimes feel stressed because of their debt.

•   A happier marriage: In the Forbes survey, 60% of respondents said financial stress has led to disagreements in their relationships. Money fights are a common cause of divorce.

•   Increased self-esteem: Eliminating debt isn’t easy — it takes hard work, discipline, and determination. Reaching your debt payoff goals can give you a huge sense of accomplishment that leads to greater self-confidence.

6 Ways to Climb Out of Debt

Having a lot of debt can feel overwhelming. The key to gaining control over the situation is to approach it one step at a time. Here are six strategies that can help.

1. Creating a Workable Budget

A smart debt-payoff plan begins with a realistic budget. Having a basic budget will help you live within your means (so you don’t get into more debt) and free up extra cash to put towards your debts each month.

The first step in creating a budget is understanding your monthly expenses. This includes everything from rent or mortgage payments, utility bills, groceries, and transportation costs to smaller expenses like subscriptions, leisure activities, and dining out. By assessing your expenses over the last several months, you may be surprised by how much you are spending in certain categories. You may also immediately find some places to cut back, such as canceling membership to a gym you rarely use and/or giving up streaming services you rarely watch.

If the idea of tracking every penny has been a barrier to budgeting, or if you’ve tried and failed in the past, try keeping things simple. The 50/30/20 rule is a simplified budgeting strategy that’s gained traction because it limits the number of spending categories you need to establish and track.

With this approach, you divide your take-home pay (what’s left after paying taxes) into three buckets:

•   50% goes to needs, including minimum debt payments

•   30% goes to wants

•   20% goes to savings and debt payments beyond the minimum

Keep in mind that these percentages are just a guideline, and can be tweaked to fit your situation. The key to becoming debt-free is to make a budget that’s strict but still doable.

Recommended: What Is the 10 Percent Credit Card Interest Rate Cap Act?

2. Making More Money

Yes, this is easier said than done. But before rolling your eyes and moving on, consider the possibilities. Is it time for a pay raise? If a bump is overdue, it might be time to have a talk with the boss.

Consider any potential ways to make extra income from home. Do you always have nights or weekends off? Maybe a friend does catering, landscaping, house painting, or some other work and could use an extra hand from time to time.

If you have a marketable skill, like website design or creating social media content, you may be able to pick up freelance work. If you’re crafty, you might look into selling your wares online or at craft fairs and flea markets. If you love animals, you might want to offer dog walking or cat sitting services.

If you could earn an extra $500 per month, in 12 months, you’d be able to pay off an additional $6,000 of debt.
Even selling things you no longer need can bring in a nice lump sum of cash that you can use to knock down debt.

3. Applying Extra Money Towards Debt

If you get an unexpected windfall (such as a bonus at work, cash gift, tax refund, or inheritance), instead of living it up while the money lasts, consider using it to pay down some debt.

You might not think a few hundred dollars will make much of a dent, but every dollar you pay over the minimum can help reduce the interest you owe on a credit card or loan.

To get some idea of how paying even a little extra toward a bill can help, consider playing around with the numbers using a credit card interest calculator. It can be scary to see how much money you’ll pay in interest if you continue to pay only the monthly minimum, but it can also motivate you to divert as much extra money as you can toward getting that debt paid off once and for all.

4. Focusing on One Debt at a Time

Seeing progress can be inspiring. Think about how good you feel when you lose a little weight from changing your diet or gain some muscle from working out. Even small wins can be motivating.

How does that apply to downsizing your debt?

Two of the commonly recommended approaches to debt repayment are the snowball and avalanche methods. These strategies focus on making extra payments towards one balance at a time instead of trying to put a little extra money toward all your balances at once.

The Snowball Debt Payoff Method

The snowball method directs any excess free cash you might have to the debt with the smallest outstanding balance. Here’s how it works:

•   List all of your outstanding debts based on how much you owe, from the smallest balance to the largest. (Disregard interest rates.)

•   Pay as much as possible toward the debt with the smallest balance, while making the minimum payment on all other debts.

•   After you pay off the smallest debt, turn your attention to the next-lowest balance. Keep going until you are debt-free.

The Avalanche Debt Payoff Method

The avalanche method focuses on paying off debts based on interest rate. It can take longer to get a win with this approach but, ultimately, it will save you more money than the snowball method. How it works:

•   List your debts in order of interest rate, from highest to lowest. (Disregard balance amounts.)

•   Pay as much as you can each month towards the debt with the highest interest rate, making the minimum payments on all other debts.

•   Once you’ve paid off the highest-interest debt, focus on the debt with the next-highest rate, and so on, until you’re debt free.

Though the methods are different, both plans provide focus, and as each balance disappears, momentum grows.

A newer approach, the fireball method, may be a better fit for modern-day debt, which could include a large amount of low-interest student loan debt.

The Fireball Debt Payoff Method

The fireball method takes a hybrid approach to the traditional snowball and avalanche strategies. It’s called “fireball” because it can help blaze through bad debt faster by making it a priority. How it works:

•   Categorize all debts as either “good” or “bad.” “Good” debt generally refers to things that can increase your net worth, such as student loans or mortgages. (Interest rates under 6% could be considered good debt.)

•   List “bad” debts from smallest to largest based on each bill’s outstanding balance.

•   Funnel any extra cash each month toward the smallest balance on the “bad” debt list, while making the minimum monthly payment on all other debts. Once that balance is paid in full, move on to the next-smallest balance on that list. Keep blazing until all “bad” debt is repaid.

•   Pay off “good” debt on the normal schedule while investing for the future. Apply everything you were paying toward “bad” debt to investing in a financial goal.

The fireball approach can help you save money because it gets rid of your more expensive debt first, but it also provides motivation by giving you wins early in the process. These combined elements could provide an extra boost to your efforts.

💡 Quick Tip: Want a simple way to save more each month? Grow your personal savings by opening an online savings account. SoFi offers high-interest savings accounts with no account fees. Open your savings account today!

5. Consolidating Debts

If your credit is strong, a debt consolidation loan could potentially help you repay your debts at a lower interest rate, saving you money over time. It also simplifies repayment by merging multiple payments into one. With this approach, you take out a personal loan and use it to pay off multiple high-interest debts. The key is to find a lender that is willing to give you a lower annual percentage rate (APR) than what you’re currently paying. Keep in mind that the shorter your loan term, the lower your APR may be.

Another way to consolidate credit card debt is to move it to a balance transfer credit card. This can be a smart move if you can qualify for a 0% intro credit card. This way, you can avoid paying interest for the first several months and all the money you pay towards the card goes to knocking down debt. Keep in mind, though, that you may have to pay a fee when utilizing a balance transfer credit card. And, once the 0% intro period is over, you’ll have to start paying interest on the remaining balance.

💡 Quick Tip: Credit card interest rates average 20%-25%, versus 12% for a personal loan. And with loan repayment terms of 2 to 7 years, you’ll pay down your debt faster. With a SoFi personal loan for credit card debt, who needs credit card rate caps?

6. Negotiating With Your Creditors

If your debt has become too much to handle and you’re delinquent on payments, you may want to reach out to your creditors, explain your financial situation, and see if they may be able to work with you. They might be willing to set you up on a payment plan, reduce your monthly payments, or settle your debt for less than what’s owed.

If you go this route, be sure to take notes on your conversation with the customer service rep (including the name of the person you spoke with, when you called, and what they said) and get the proposed repayment or debt settlement plan in writing before you make any payments.

Also keep in mind that debt settlement can negatively impact your credit, so this option is generally considered a last resort.

Recommended: Debt Settlement vs Credit Counseling: What’s the Difference?

The Takeaway

When it comes to debt, the deeper the hole you’re in, the longer it may take to climb out. But having the right plan in place before can help stick to a budget and methodically reduce your debt in a way that keeps you motivated and saves you money.

Becoming entirely (or nearly) debt-free comes with a substantial payoff: The money you were once spending on debt repayment each month can now go towards savings — and an opportunity to earn, rather than pay, interest.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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A credit card’s annual percentage rate (APR) represents the cost of borrowing money from a lender, typically stated as an annual interest rate. Thus, the APR on a credit card is an important number to know before charging a purchase — especially if you plan on carrying a balance on your credit card account.

Read on to learn more about credit card APRs and how they are determined.

What Is a Credit Card’s APR?

A credit card’s APR refers to the annualized cost of using your credit card to borrow funds. When an individual charges a purchase from a merchant that accepts credit card payments, they’re actually borrowing money from the credit card issuer. The credit card issuer pays the merchant, and the cardholder pays the credit card issuer based on the terms of their credit card agreement.

Depending on the type of transaction and when it’s paid back, some purchases may be subject to interest given how credit cards work. For instance, the purchase APR applies to any balance remaining after the statement due date. Interest is determined based on the credit card’s APR.

How Is APR Determined?

Because actual interest charges are calculated based on the credit card APR, it’s a good idea to get familiar with how APR is determined.

An integral part of how a credit card works, credit card APR is not a set rate that’s the same for every credit card and credit card holder. Rather, the interest rate on a credit card will depend on a number of factors, such as the cardholder’s credit score, what type of credit card it is (for example, whether it’s a rewards card or a card for people with low credit ratings), how the card is being used, and the current economic conditions (such as the prime rate).

In the U.S., the average credit card interest rate is currently 22.25%, per the most recent data released by the Federal Reserve. High interest rates have even prompted recent calls for credit card interest rate caps, though opinions on the potential impact of credit card caps are under debate.

That being said, there is a great deal of variance in APRs. A good APR for a credit card is one that results in the lowest interest charges — which means the lower, the better.

💡 Quick Tip: Credit card interest caps have become a hot topic, as the total U.S. credit card balance continues to rise. Balances on high-interest credit cards can be carried for years with no principal reduction. A SoFi personal loan for credit card debt may significantly reduce your timeline, however, and could save you money in interest payments.

Types of Credit Card APR

The concept of charging interest on borrowed money is not unique to credit cards. From car loans to mortgages, all types of loans have an interest rate attached. But one way credit card APR differs from the interest rates on some other lending products is that the interest charges on credit card transactions may vary depending on the type of transaction a cardholder makes.

Understanding the different types of credit card APRs can help an individual better anticipate actual interest costs before they apply for a credit card. Here are some common types of APR on credit card purchases.

Introductory APR or Promotional APR

It’s not uncommon to see credit card offers touting no interest — though it’s important to note that 0% APR is not usually a permanent credit card feature.

•   If a credit card offers an “introductory” or “promotional” APR, that generally means that the rate offered is only applied for a limited time. After that, the interest reverts to another (typically higher) APR.

•   How interest is applied to an introductory or promotional APR period will depend on the specific wording of the offer. For example, if a credit card offers a zero-interest promotional period (“0% APR for X months”), that means no interest is charged during that specified offer period. These periods are typically between six and 18 months.

Once the offer period ends and the APR reverts to the standard rate, interest is only charged on any outstanding balances from the date the promotional period ended. (Other terms, such as always making the credit card minimum payment by the due date, may also apply in order for the promotional rate to be valid.)

•   A promotional APR that defers interest doesn’t work in quite the same way. With deferred interest, the promotional or introductory rate only applies if the balance is paid in full by the end of the offer period. But interest on any remaining balance will be calculated based on the date of purchase, not the end of the offer period.

That’s why it’s important to be mindful of whether your spending is within your budget, even if it is technically within your credit card limit.

While the specifics of a promotional or introductory APR offer should be clearly spelled out in the terms and conditions, one way to spot such an offer is to look out for conditions — for example, “no interest if paid in full within 12 months.”

Recommended: 10 Advantages of Credit Cards

Cash Advance APR

It may be possible to draw cash from a credit card at an ATM or using convenience checks. However, credit card cash advances are often subject to a different (usually higher) APR and may begin to accrue interest starting from the transaction date.

Balance Transfer APR

Some credit cards may offer a lower APR rate for balances transferred from higher APR cards, which can be helpful if you’re looking to pay off high-interest debt. The balance transfer APR will usually only apply on a promotional or temporary basis, as noted above.

Purchase APR

This is the standard APR that is applied to most regular purchases charged to a credit card. It applies on any balance that remains after the statement due date. This is why, even if you’re disputing a credit card charge, for instance, it’s smart to pay off as much of your balance as you can to avoid interest accruing.

Penalty APR

Just as it sounds, penalty APR is a penalty fee. It’s higher than the regular purchase APR and kicks in as a result of payments that are more than 60 days late. The terms associated with penalty APR are disclosed in the credit card agreement.

Recommended: What Is a Credit Report?

The Takeaway

While credit cards can be a useful tool for managing cash flow (and even earning rewards and perks), it’s important to understand the costs involved. This includes understanding how credit card interest works and how credit card APR applies to credit card balances. Credit card APRs can vary widely, and it can be important to know what rate applies when so you can use your cards responsibly.

Looking for a new credit card? Consider credit card options that can make your money work for you. See if you're prequalified for a SoFi Credit Card.

FAQ

What does the APR not include?

Although the interest rate and when it’s applied may vary depending on the type of transaction, APR typically applies to any funds that are drawn from one’s credit card.

Do you pay credit card APR monthly?

Whether APR is charged depends on the type of transaction and when it’s paid off. For regular purchases, there is no credit card APR at all so long as the balance is paid in full by the statement due date.

Is APR based on current balance?

Like other types of interest, APR is a percentage of the balance owed on a credit card. How APR is applied to various types of purchases and when interest begins to accrue typically depends on the type of transaction and is detailed in the credit card agreement. Most regular balances only begin to accrue interest if any amount is remaining after the statement due date.

What happens if you pay more than the minimum balance on your credit card each month?

Purchase APR typically is applied to any balance remaining after the statement due date. By paying more than the minimum balance, an individual will reduce the amount of funds that are subject to interest.

Photo credit: iStock/Eva-Katalin

SoFi Credit Cards are issued by SoFi Bank, N.A. pursuant to license by Mastercard® International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Value investing is an investment philosophy that takes an analytical approach to selecting stocks based on a company’s fundamentals, such as earnings growth, dividends, cash flow, book value, and intrinsic value. Value investors don’t follow the herd when it comes to buying and selling, which means they don’t tend to follow tips and rumors they hear from coworkers and talking heads on TV or social media.

Instead, they look for stocks that seem to be trading for less than they should be, perhaps because of seasonality, a weaker quarter, an overreaction to news, or simply because they didn’t meet some investors’ high expectations.

What Does Value Investing Mean?

A value investor’s goal is to find stocks that the market may be undervaluing. And after conducting their own analysis, an investor then decides whether they think the targeted stocks have potential to accrue value over time, and to invest.

In effect, value investing is an investment strategy that involves looking for “deals” in the U.S. stock market, and taking portfolio positions accordingly.

Historical Background and Evolution

Value investing has been championed and used by some of the most storied investors in history. For example, Warren Buffett, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, also known as the “Oracle of Omaha,” is probably the most famous (and most quoted) value investor of all time.

From 1965 to 2017, Buffett’s shares in Berkshire Hathaway had annual returns of 20.9% compared to the S&P 500’s 9.9% return.

Buffett’s mentor was Benjamin Graham, his teacher at Columbia Business School and later his employer, who is known as “the father of value investing.” Columbia professor David Dodd, another Graham protegee and colleague, is recognized for helping him further develop several popular value investing theories.

Billionaire Charlie Munger, vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Corp., was another super-investor who followed Graham and Dodd’s approach. And billionaire investor Seth Klarman , chief executive and portfolio manager of the Baupost Group, is a longtime proponent.

Joel Greenblatt, who ran Gotham Capital for over two decades and is now a professor at Columbia Business School, is the co-founder of the Value Investors Club.

What Are The Core Principles of Value Investing?

The main goal of value investing is to buy a security at a price that is near or less than its intrinsic value. That is, the investor is not paying a premium or markup on the stock — they’re getting a “deal” when they invest in it. There can be many elements at play when determining a value stock, including intrinsic value, margin of safety, and market inefficiencies.

Principle 1: Understand a Stock’s Intrinsic Value

Intrinsic value refers to a stock’s “true” value, which may differ from its “market” value. It can be a difficult concept to wrap your head around, but at its core, determining a stock’s intrinsic value can help an investor determine whether they’re actually finding a value stock, or if they’d potentially be overpaying for a stock. That’s why the concept of intrinsic value is critical to value investors.

Principle 2: Always Demand a Margin of Safety

Similarly, investors need to incorporate a “margin of safety,” which accounts for some wiggle room when they’re trying to determine a stock’s intrinsic value. In other words: Investors can be wrong or off in their calculations, and calculating a margin of safety can give them some margin of error when making determinations.

Principle 3: View the Market as a Manic Business Partner

Value investors also tend to believe that the market is rife with inefficiencies. That means that the market isn’t perfect, and doesn’t automatically price all stocks at their intrinsic values — opening up room to make value investments. If you, conversely, believe that the market is perfectly efficient, then there wouldn’t be any stocks that are priced below their intrinsic value.

Who Are the Most Famous Value Investors?

As mentioned, perhaps the most famous value investor of all time is Warren Buffett, who learned from Benjamin Graham. Charlie Munger, again, is also high on the list. But there are many others: Seth Karman, Joel Greenblatt, Mohnish Pabrai, Peter Lynch, Howard Marks, and more.

How Is Value Investing Different From Growth Investing?

Value investing is often discussed alongside growth investing. Value versus growth stocks represent different investment styles or approaches.

Differences and Performance Comparisons

In a general sense, value stocks are stocks that have fallen out of favor in the market, and that may be undervalued. Growth stocks, on the other hand, are shares of companies that demonstrate a strong potential to increase revenue or earnings thereby ramping up their stock price.

In terms of performance value stocks may not be seeing much price growth, whereas growth stocks may be experiencing rapid capital appreciation.

Comparing Value vs. Growth Investing Strategies

Both value and growth investing have their pros and cons.

Value investing, for instance, may see investors experience lowering volatility when investing, and also getting more dividends from their investments. But their portfolio might accrue value more slowly — if at all. Conversely, growth investing may see investors accrue more gains more quickly, but also with higher levels of volatility and risk.

How to Find and Analyze Value Stocks

As noted, value investing is a type of investing strategy, but it’s similar to how a value shopper might operate when hoping to buy a certain brand of a smartwatch for the lowest price possible.

If that shopper suddenly saw the watch advertised at half the price, it would make them happy, but it also might make them wonder: Is there a new version of the watch coming out that’s better than this one? Is there something wrong with the watch I want that I don’t know about? Is this just a really good deal, or am I missing something?

Also as discussed, their first step would likely be to go online and do some research. And if the watch was still worth what they thought, and the price was a good discount from a reliable seller, they’d probably go ahead and snap it up.

Investing in stocks can work in much the same way. The price of a share can fluctuate for various reasons, even if the company is still sound. And a value investor, who isn’t looking for explosive, immediate returns but consistency year after year, may see a drop in price as an opportunity.

Value investors are always on the lookout to buy stocks that trade below their intrinsic value (an asset’s worth based on tangible and intangible factors). Of course, that can be tricky. From day to day, stocks are worth only what investors are willing to pay for them. And there doesn’t have to be a good reason for the market to change its mind, for better or worse, about a stock’s value.

But over the long run, earnings, revenues, and other factors — including intangibles such as trademarks and branding, management stability, and research projects — do matter.

Key Metrics to Look For

Value investors use several metrics to determine a stock’s intrinsic value. A few of the factors they might look at (and compare to other stocks or the S&P 500) include:

Price-to-earnings Ratio (P/E)

This ratio is calculated by dividing a stock’s price by the earnings per share. For value investors, the lower the P/E, the better; it tells you how much you’re paying for each dollar of earnings.

Price/earnings-to-earnings Ratio (PEG)

The PEG ratio can help determine if a stock is undervalued or overvalued in comparison to another company’s stock. If the PEG ratio is higher, the market has overvalued the stock. If the PEG ratio is lower, the market has undervalued the stock. The PEG ratio is calculated by taking the P/E ratio and dividing it by the earnings growth rate.

Price-to-book Ratio (P/B)

A company’s book value is equal to its assets minus its liabilities. The book value per share can be found by dividing the book value by the number of outstanding shares.

The price-to-book ratio is calculated by dividing the company’s stock price by the book value per share. A ratio of less than one is considered good from a value investor’s perspective.

Debt-to-equity Ratio (D/E)

The debt-to-equity ratio measures a company’s capital structure and can be used to determine the risk that a business will be unable to repay its financial obligations. This ratio can be found by dividing the company’s total liabilities by its equity. Value investors typically look for a ratio of less than one.

Free Cash Flow (FCF)

This is the cash remaining after expenses have been paid (cash flow from operations minus capital expenditures equals free cash flow).

If a company is in good shape, it should have enough money to pay off debts, pay dividends, and invest in future growth. It can be useful to watch the ups and downs of free cash flow over a period of a few years, rather than a single year or quarter.

Over time, each value investor may develop their own formula for a successful stock search. That search might start with something as simple as an observation — a positive customer experience with a certain product or company, or noticing how brisk business is at a certain restaurant chain.

But research is an important next step. Investors also may wish to settle on a personal “margin of safety,” based on their individual risk tolerance. This can protect them from bad decisions, bad market conditions, or bad luck.

Why Patience Is Critical for Value Investors

An important thing to remember when it comes to value investing is that investors are likely on the hook for the long term. Many value stocks are probably not going to see huge value increases over short periods of time. They’re fundamentally unsexy, in many respects. For that reason, investors may do well to remember to be patient.

What Are the Risks of Value Investing?

As with any investment strategy, value investing does have its risks. It tends to be a less-risky strategy than others, but it has its risks nonetheless.

For one, investors can mislead themselves by making faulty or erroneous judgments about certain stocks. That can happen if they misunderstand financial statements, or make inaccurate calculations when engaging in fundamental analysis. In other words, investors can make some mistakes and bad judgments.

Investors can also buy stocks that are overvalued — or, at least overvalued compared to what the investor was hoping to purchase it for. There are also concerns to be aware of as it relates to diversification in your overall portfolio (you don’t want a portfolio overloaded with value stocks, or any other specific type of security).

💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

The Takeaway

Value investing is a type of investment strategy or philosophy that involves buying stocks or securities that are “undervalued.” In effect, an investor determines that a stock is worth more than the market has valued it, and purchases it hoping that it will accrue value over time. While it’s a strategy that has its risks, it’s been used by many high-profile investors in the past, such as Warren Buffett.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

FAQ

How can I start value investing?

Anyone could potentially start value investing so long as they’ve reviewed the core tenets or principles of the strategy, and made investment decisions based on those principles.

Is value investing high-risk?

Value investing is generally considered to be a relatively lower or medium-risk investment strategy, but that does not mean it’s risk-free.

Is Warren Buffett a value investor?

Yes, Warren Buffett is perhaps the most famous value investor in history.

What is an example of value investing?

An example of value investing could be an investor purchasing a stock for $10, believing it to be undervalued relative to its intrinsic value. The investor then holds onto the stock for a long period, believing it will appreciate over time to reach its “true” or “fair” value, generating a return.

How long does it take to learn value investing?

It could take an indeterminate amount of time to learn value investing, as it’s not a strict discipline.