Financial Topics Archives | Page 258 of 808

May

2024

5 Ways to Pull Equity Out of Your Home

By Alene Laney | Home Ownership, mortgage | Comments Off

Your home equity could be a powerful tool for helping you meet your financial goals. If you need to pay for an extensive renovation, fund adoption expenses, or supplement your retirement income, there are many ways you could extract equity from your home in order to better your life.

But how exactly do you get the equity out of your home? What are the best methods that are affordable and make sense for your situation? Whether you’re thinking of a cash-out refinance, a home equity loan, or another option, you’ll want to carefully evaluate the costs, risks, and impact on your financial situation.

We have you covered. We’ll go over how to get equity out of your home, the different methods for accessing the equity in your home, and the pros and cons of each.

What Is Home Equity?

Home equity is the amount of total ownership you have in your home over what you owe on your mortgage. It is the amount you would receive if you were to sell the home today.

Equity is best expressed mathematically. To calculate your home equity, subtract your outstanding mortgage amount from your home’s current market value:

Home’s value – your mortgage = equity

For example, if your home is worth $500,000 and your mortgage is $300,000, you would have $200,000 in equity ($500,000 – $300,000 = $200,000).

5 Ways to Take Equity From Your Home

If you’re ready to take the next step and seriously consider taking some equity out of your home, you have five main options, including: a home equity loan, home equity line of credit (HELOC), cash-out refinance, home sale, and equity-sharing arrangement.

Home Equity Loan

If you’re looking at pulling equity out without refinancing, a home equity loan or a HELOC is the move you’re going to want to make. A home equity loan offers a low interest rate because it uses your home’s equity to secure the loan. Because of the way it works, you may have access to a larger sum of money at a lower interest rate than you would if you used another source, such as a credit card.

Home equity loans disburse funds upfront. The loan would have a fixed interest rate and a set repayment plan. You’ll start repaying the loan from your first payment (vs just paying interest for some period of time).

The main negative with a home equity loan is that it uses your home as collateral. If you fail to make payments, the lender could start foreclosure proceedings against you. Another drawback is that if you don’t need all the money you’re borrowing at one time, you are getting it all nonetheless, as a lump sum, and you’ll be paying interest on that full amount.

HELOC

A HELOC is another type of home equity loan secured by your home’s equity, with the main difference being that the amount you borrow is more flexible. With a HELOC, you apply for a loan with a maximum amount. If approved, that maximum amount becomes like a credit limit. You borrow what you need when you need it, and when you repay what you have borrowed, the full credit limit becomes available to you once again.

One advantage of a HELOC is that you only need to make payments on what you’ve borrowed. This minimum payment is determined by your lender when you apply for the loan, but is usually a lower amount during the initial draw period.

Cash-Out Refinance

Another option for accessing your home’s equity is through a cash-out refinance. This is where you replace your existing mortgage with a new, bigger mortgage and take the difference in cash.

It works if interest rates are great and you have a significant amount of equity in your home. (Most lenders will only allow you to borrow up to 80% of your home’s equity, especially if you want a good rate.) As a quick example: If your home is worth $300,000, the lender may be able to loan out $240,000. If your existing mortgage is $200,000 and you get the full $240,000, then approximately $40,000 (less any closing costs) could be refunded to you.

Sale

When you sell your home, all of the equity that you have accumulated — less the costs associated with the sale — can be converted to cash. There is also the possibility for you to enter into a sale-leaseback arrangement. This is where you sell your home and then lease it back from the new owner. Just as with a sale, you gain access to almost all of the equity you’ve accumulated over the years. You also get to stay in your home, provided you find the lease agreement acceptable.

Equity Sharing Arrangement

With an equity sharing arrangement, the homeowner enters into an agreement with a company that provides some money to the homeowner in exchange for a percentage of the home’s appreciation. The company is essentially an investor that bets on the value of your home rising.

There typically isn’t a monthly payment. The investor gets their money back when you buy them out or sell the home.

The main thing to look out for with this option is how much the investor asks in return for the loan. The long-term costs for this option could potentially be significant — usually 10% equity or more.

Pros and Cons of Using Home Equity

After looking at all of your options for accessing the equity in your home, the pros and cons of the methods look like this:

Home Equity Loan
Pros	Cons
Access to large amounts of cash	Home is used as security on the loan
Low interest rates	Home equity lending takes time
Large, upfront sum	Longer loan terms could mean you’ll pay more
Fixed interest rate and repayment schedule	Not very flexible
HELOC
Pros	Cons
Access to large amounts of cash	Home is used as security on the loan
Low interest rates	Home equity lending takes time
Flexible loan amounts	Longer loan term could mean you’ll pay more
Flexible repayment	Adjustable interest rate
Cash-Out Refinance
Pros	Cons
One loan payment for home mortgage plus cash you are borrowing	Must pay closing costs for a new mortgage
Access a large amount of cash	May have a higher monthly payment
Could potentially get better loan terms	Potentially higher rates
Home Sale
Pros	Cons
Access 100% of your home’s equity	No longer own the home
No need to qualify for a new mortgage or home equity loan	Must pay selling costs
No home maintenance costs	May need to find additional housing
Equity Sharing
Pros	Cons
No monthly payment	You won’t realize all the equity gains of your home
Don’t need to pay back until you sell the home or buy the equity back	Equity sharing percentage could be quite large
May not need good credit to qualify	Need sufficient equity to qualify
Shared risk	Complex agreements

How to Get Equity Out of Your Home

If you’ve made up your mind to extract some equity from your home, the process looks something like this:

Determine how much equity you have in your home

To figure out how much equity is in your home, start with a good estimate of your home’s market value. A real estate agent or assessor can provide this for you. Online estimates can get close, but they won’t be as accurate. The more accurate (and unbiased) an estimate you can get, the better you’ll be able to gauge how much equity you have. Use the formula from above (home value – your mortgage = estimated equity).

Decide how to take equity out of your home

Examine the list above to determine which means of accessing the equity in your home feels right for you, whether it be a home equity loan, HELOC, home sale, or other method.

Shop around for a lender

If you elect to extract equity with a cash-out refi, HELOC, or home equity loan, you’ll need to look for a lender that offers competitive rates and terms for what you want. Comparison shopping is a good idea; keep in mind shopping around won’t count against your credit if you do it within a 45-day window.

Qualify for a loan

Once you’ve narrowed down your choice of lenders, submit a full application. Your lender will start reviewing your documents to verify income, employment, identity, and loan details. The lender will also check your credit score and debt level to ensure you qualify for the loan.

Get an appraisal

Your lender will order the appraisal for your loan, which is necessary to determine the exact value of the property and how much equity you have in the home. It’s pretty common to be able to get a desktop appraisal or use an automated valuation model (AVM) to determine the value for a home equity loan or HELOC. (An appraisal will also likely be needed if you sell your home or enter into an equity-sharing arrangement.)

Close on the loan

After an underwriter has reviewed your file, the lender will send loan documents for you to review and sign. If there are any closing costs, you may be directed to bring funds to closing.

Receive funds

Money from the loan will be deposited into an account of your choosing.

Which Method of Getting Equity Out of Your Home Is Best for You?

The best method for taking equity out of your home depends on your goals. Do you need the largest amount of money while maintaining ownership of the home? Perhaps a cash-out refinance is for you. Do you like the idea of having a flexible line of credit that you can use when you need it? A HELOC might suit your needs. Do you want to access 100% of your equity and not be responsible for the costs of homeownership anymore? Then perhaps selling your home is the answer.

If it fits with your life plans, then it will make the best sense financially, even if there’s another method that may offer a lower interest rate.

The Takeaway

When you’re planning to get equity out of your home, the most important thing to take into consideration is how you’re going to use it. Since taking equity out of your home usually means you’ll be paying on the loan longer, you’ll want to carefully consider which method helps you meet your financial goals.

SoFi now offers flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively low rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

Unlock your home’s value with a home equity line of credit brokered by SoFi.

FAQ

Is it a good idea to take equity out of your house?

Taking equity out of your home typically means you’ll take longer to repay the loan (though not always — it depends on the terms and rates of your loan). Even if you get a lower interest rate and lower monthly payment, a longer loan term could mean that you’ll pay more for your mortgage because of the added years you’ll have on the mortgage.

How do you pull equity out of your home?

To pull equity out of your home, you’ll need to get in contact with a lender that offers financial tools that can grant you access to your equity. These may include home equity loans, HELOCs, or cash-out refinances. You may also consider selling your home or getting into an agreement with an equity-sharing company.

What is the best way to release equity from a house?

The best way to pull equity from your house is the one that helps you meet your financial goals. If you need to remodel your home and you know exactly how much it is going to cost, a home equity loan may work best. But if you want simplified finances, a single payment from a cash-out refi could be the answer.

Photo credit: iStock/Korrawin

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

^²SoFi Bank, N.A. NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC), offers loans directly or we may assist you in obtaining a loan from SpringEQ, a state licensed lender, NMLS #1464945.
All loan terms, fees, and rates may vary based upon your individual financial and personal circumstances and state.
You should consider and discuss with your loan officer whether a Cash Out Refinance, Home Equity Loan or a Home Equity Line of Credit is appropriate. Please note that the SoFi member discount does not apply to Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit not originated by SoFi Bank. Terms and conditions will apply. Before you apply, please note that not all products are offered in all states, and all loans are subject to eligibility restrictions and limitations, including requirements related to loan applicant’s credit, income, property, and a minimum loan amount. Lowest rates are reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Products, rates, benefits, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria. Information current as of 06/27/24.
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May

2024

What Is a Credit Card Number? What Each Digit Means

All You Need to Know About Credit Card Numbers

By Kim Franke-Folstad | Credit, Financial Independence | Comments Off

A credit card number — that long string of digits on the front or back of every credit card — contains more information than you might think. Though credit card numbers may seem rambling and random, each digit actually has a specific purpose and place. The number you see on a credit card provides information about the individual account holder, the payment network, and the card issuer. It also uses a special formula to help prevent transaction errors and fraud.

Here, gain a deeper understanding of the significance of each digit.

What Is a Credit Card Number?

A credit card number is a set of digits — usually 16 — that’s printed on the front or back of a credit card.

It’s important to note that your credit card number is not the same thing as your account number. Your credit card number includes your account number, but it has additional digits (an account number typically has 12), and it provides more information. When you make a credit purchase online or on the phone, you can expect to be asked for your full card number to authenticate the transaction.

Though the information provided by every credit card number is basically the same, the format may differ a bit from card to card: Sometimes the numbers are raised; sometimes they’re flat. And generally, although not always, the digits are divided into four sets of four (xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx).

The format for credit cards and debit cards is similar — which is why you might pull out the wrong card from time to time.

Who Decides What Your Credit Card Number Is?

Your credit account number is assigned by the financial institution that is your credit card issuer. But the structure and sequence of the digits in your credit card number must follow a rigid set of standards imposed by the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) and enforced by the American Network of Standards Institute (ANSI).

All card issuers follow these rules, so consumers can use their cards or card numbers no matter where they are in the world.

Credit Card Number Structure

Even if you know what a credit card is and how credit cards work, you may not be familiar with what the numbers on your card mean. Though most credit card numbers have 16 digits, the length may vary. Of the four major card networks, Visa, Mastercard, and Discover card numbers all have 16 digits, while American Express card numbers have only 15. Here’s what those digits actually mean.

The First Number: Industry Identifier

The first digit in a credit card number is known as the Major Industry Identifier (MII), and it can tell you both the industry associated with the card and the payment network.

Payment Network

Most credit cards start with a 3, 4, 5, or 6. These numbers represent the major payment networks, each of which has its own identifier:

• American Express cards begin with a 3

• Visa cards begin with a 4

• Mastercard cards typically start with a 5, but may start with a 2

• Discover cards start with a 6

Knowing your credit card’s payment network can be useful, because the network determines which merchants will accept the card. Your favorite local market or small boutique might accept credit card payments with a Mastercard, Visa, or Discover card, for example, but they may not let you pay with American Express.

Recommended: When Are Credit Card Payments Due

Industry Association

There are many different types of credit cards. Some credit cards are meant for general use, while others may be geared to a more specific purpose. The MII can tell you which type of industry your card is most associated with. Here’s what some MIIs generally mean:

• 1: Airlines

• 2: Airlines and financial

• 3: Travel and entertainment

• 4: Banking and financial

• 5: Banking and financial

• 6: Merchandising and banking

• 7: Petroleum

• 8: Health care and communications

• 9: Government and other

The Next 5 Numbers: Identification Numbers

The next five digits complete the Bank Identification Number (BIN), or Issuer Identification Number (IIN). This can tell you who the card issuer is.

The credit card issuer is the financial institution that offers the card and manages your account. Some of the largest credit card issuers in the U.S. include American Express, Bank of America, Capital One, Chase, Citi, Wells Fargo, and Discover.

When you apply for a credit card, it’s the issuer who accepts or declines your application. When you make a purchase, you’re borrowing money from the credit card issuer, and when you pay your bill, you’re paying back that money. Any time you check your balance, request a higher credit limit or a lower interest rate, or obtain a replacement card, you’re doing it through your credit card issuer.

The Next 9-12 Numbers: Account Identifier

The remaining digits on the card — except for the very last one — identify the account and the cardholder.

Don’t worry, there isn’t a secret indicator in your card number that tells people how often you’re using your credit card or if you’re paying your bills on time. This part of your card number simply represents what account the card is connected to.

If your card is lost or stolen, or your card number is compromised in a credit card scam, you may notice that the number on your replacement card has changed, even if your account number hasn’t. So if you’re keeping a list of card numbers in a secure place, you may have to update that card number.

The Last Number: Checksum

The last digit of a credit card number is referred to as the “checksum” or “check digit.” Card issuers and payment networks use it to catch errors and help protect against unauthorized card use. (Let’s face it: Even if you follow all the so-called credit card rules, things can happen.)

When a card is used for a purchase or payment, this digit is used as part of a mathematical formula called the Luhn algorithm to verify the card’s validity. If the checksum doesn’t work, the transaction is quickly rejected. (If you’ve ever mistyped your card number when shopping online, you’ve seen this algorithm in action.)

Most major networks use the final digit as the checksum. However, if you have a Visa credit card, it may be the 13th digit.

What About the Other Numbers on the Card?

Besides the card number, there are two other sets of digits that also can play a critical role when you use your credit card.

Card Verification Value (CVV)

The Card Verification Value (or CVV number on a credit card) or Card Verification Code (CVC) is also used to protect the card owner. If you do a lot of online shopping, you’re probably very familiar with this three- or four-digit number, which usually is found on the back of a credit card near or inside the signature strip.

On some cards, there may be seven digits in this spot. If this is the case, the first four digits you see are the last four digits of your credit card number. The last three digits in the grouping represent the CVV.

If you have an American Express card, the CVV is a four-digit number located on the front of the card, just above the logo.

The CVV is designed to help protect against identity theft. If you aren’t presenting your card in person during a transaction (because you’re using it online or over the phone), providing the CVV can help prove you’re in possession of the physical card.

Expiration Date

The expiration date offers yet another layer of protection for the card holder. Most businesses require that you provide the credit card number, the CVV, and the card’s expiration date when you make an online purchase.

The credit card expiration date typically appears on the front of the card with two digits for the month and two digits for the year (xx/xx). But if the account number is printed on the back of the card, you’ll likely find the expiration date there.

Even if you never need to use it to make a remote purchase or payment, it can be a good idea to glance at your card’s expiration date from time to time. That way, you can ensure you always have a current card in your wallet.

You’ll also know when it’s time to watch for the arrival of a replacement card. If a new card doesn’t arrive in the month the old card expires, you can call the issuer and immediately take steps to protect yourself if it appears the card has been lost or stolen. (The phone number for customer service is also on your card.)

The Takeaway

At first glance, the number on your credit card might look like a meaningless jumble. But if you take a closer look, you’ll find each digit has a purpose — to provide information, to help keep your account secure, and to make the card more user-friendly.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Where do I find my credit card number?

Your credit card number may appear on the front or back of your credit card.

Is the credit card number the same as the account number?

No, the two numbers are linked, but they are not the same. Your credit card number includes your account number, but it has more digits, and those extra digits are important to how each transaction is processed.

How long is a credit card number?

A credit card number typically has 16 digits, but the number can vary. American Express uses a 15-digit format for its credit cards.

Can a credit card number be stolen?

Yes. A credit card number can be stolen in multiple ways: through the theft of a physical card, during a data breach, with a card skimmer, or if the cardholder uses an unsecured website or public Wi-Fi when making a credit transaction.

Photo credit: iStock/max-kegfire

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May

2024

What Is a Credit Limit and How Is It Determined?

By Brian O'Connell | Credit, Financial Independence | Comments Off

A credit limit is basically what the term suggests: A financial cap on a credit card account that limits how much money the cardholder can borrow from the card issuer. By including a maximum spending amount, the card issuer buys itself some protection against the cardholder borrowing more than they can pay back on an ongoing basis.

There’s more to the story, however, when it comes to credit card limits and how they’re determined. Here’s a closer look at what a credit limit is and what happens if you go over your credit limit.

What Is a Credit Limit?

As mentioned, a credit limit is the maximum amount that you can charge with your credit card, which represents a line of credit. The amount is determined based on information provided in a credit card application, such as the applicant’s credit score, income, and existing debts. Usually, the higher the credit, the higher above the average credit card limit someone will receive.

It’s also important to note that credit card limits aren’t set in stone. A cardholder may receive a higher credit card limit if they make their payments on time and stay well within their credit limit. Conversely, if card payments are late (or worse, not made at all) or if there are other signs of risk, such as nearing or exceeding their credit card spending limit, then the card issuer may decrease someone’s credit limit.

Recommended: What is a Charge Card

Credit Limit and Available Credit

Each purchase made with a credit card is deducted from your total credit limit, resulting in your available credit. For example, let’s say someone has a credit limit of $10,000. If they spend $2,000 at a store that accepts credit card payments, their available credit falls to $8,000. If they were then to make a $1,000 payment toward their balance, their available credit would increase to $9,000.

In this way, your available credit will fluctuate over time depending on purchases and other transactions you’ve made, as well as any payments, including credit card minimum payments, made on the account. Your credit limit, on the other hand, remains constant regardless of account activity.

Credit Limit and Credit Scores

There’s another good reason to keep your credit card spending in check, and significantly below your card limit — it affects your credit score.

When FICO® (one of the most popular credit scoring systems) calculates its benchmark credit scores, it places a significant weight (30% of its total credit score calculations) on credit utilization. Credit utilization ratio compares the amount of credit a cardholder is using to the total available credit they have.

For instance, a card owner may have $10,000 in total available credit, but owe a total of $9,000 on the card. That represents a 90% card utilization, which is considered high and may raise a red flag for lenders. It may suggest overspending and potentially an inability to pay. As such, a high credit utilization ratio could result in a lower credit limit for the cardholder, whether that’s a decrease on their existing limit or lower limits offered on new accounts.

It’s usually recommended that cardholders keep their card utilization rate below 30% to avoid negative effects on their credit score. In the above example, that means the cardholder with a $10,000 credit card limit shouldn’t owe more than $3,000 on the card.

How Much of Your Credit Limit Can You Use?

Technically, you can spend up to your credit limit. However, using too much of your total credit can adversely affect your credit utilization ratio, a key factor in determining your credit score.

It’s suggested to keep your credit utilization below 30% — which means using no more than 30% of your overall credit limit. This is why it’s always important to make payments, even if you’re in the process of requesting a credit card chargeback or other dispute.

How Is Your Credit Limit Determined?

The formula for determining a credit card limit depends on which scoring model the card provider uses. Generally, one of three distinct credit limit models is used: credit-based limits, predetermined credit limits, or customized limits.

Credit-Based Limits

With credit-based limits, card providers leverage your credit score to determine credit limits. In doing so, card companies rely on the same financial formula that credit scoring agencies use to create a credit score — a cardholder’s payment history, credit utilization rate, total length of credit history, credit mix, and any new credit inquiries. Card companies may also take a close look at the card owner’s total annual income, total household expenses, and type of employment.

Basically, the better you are at making on-time credit card payments, curbing household debt, and handling consumer credit, the more likely you are to get a higher credit card limit under the credit-based limits model.

Predetermined Credit Limits

This credit limit calculation model relies on a “ladder approach” to determine credit limits. In this scenario, credit card issuers assign a credit limit based on the type of card. In other words, every card in a certain tier — such as an entry-level card or a premium rewards card — would come with the same credit limit rather than the credit limit being determined based on the individual consumer.

The more features and amenities a chosen credit card has, the higher the credit limit typically is under this model. For example, a premium credit card with robust benefits and generous cash-back rewards may have a credit limit of $10,000. Meanwhile, a more bare bones credit card for entry-level cardholders may have a credit limit of $500.

Customized Credit Limits

With customized credit limits, card providers tailor the credit limit to the individual credit card consumer. They may do so in different ways based on different criteria.

For example, one credit card issuer may base its decision on a cardholder’s annual household income, while another may prioritize the number of credit cards an individual already owns, along with their existing credit limits.

In that way, card companies are drilling down into an individual’s financial history and basing their credit limit decision on myriad factors. Once again, the stronger a card candidate’s financial resume, the more likely that individual is to receive a higher credit card limit.

Can You Spend Over Your Credit Limit?

In general, credit card companies prevent spending over the credit card limit.

When a cardholder has reached their limit and attempts to use their credit card, the transaction may be declined.

In some instances, however, the card issuer may allow the transaction to go through and instead impose a financial penalty for spending over the credit card limit. According to the Credit Card Act of 2009 (CCA), the card company can’t assess a fee that’s more than the amount spent over the credit limit. So, for instance, if you overspent by $30, your fee couldn’t be more than $30.

Typically, the card owner must opt in to allow for purchases over the credit limit to be approved. The CCA legislation mandates that credit card companies can’t arbitrarily charge an over-the-limit fee without the cardholder’s signed consent. For that reason, most card providers have eliminated over-the-limit fees and simply deny the transaction instead.

Check with your card company to see if it still charges over-the-limit fees. If so, and you object, ask to opt out and focus on keeping your credit card balance well below your card spending limit.

Is It Possible to Increase Your Credit Card Limit?

Credit card limits aren’t static. They can go up — especially if a card customer asks for a credit limit increase — and they can also go down.

Perhaps the easiest way to increase your credit limit is to contact your card provider and ask for a credit limit boost. You can usually make this request over the phone or on the card issuer’s website or mobile app.

Before you make any request for a credit card limit increase, check your credit report to see that your financial health is in good standing, as your card provider will likely treat your request for a credit limit hike like any request for credit. That means a thorough credit check to ensure your credit card payment history is strong, your credit score is good, and your job situation or annual household income hasn’t deteriorated.

The credit card company will review those financial factors and let you know whether or not your request for a credit increase is approved. If you’re denied a higher credit limit, your best recourse is to take some time to improve your credit score and build a stronger credit profile.

In some cases, you can apply for a new credit card with a higher credit limit. However, expect any new card issuer to conduct the same rigorous credit vetting your original card company conducted given how credit cards work.

The Takeaway

Credit card companies assign credit card limits to consumers based on one of three typical models. Often, your ability to handle credit and pay it back on a timely basis comes into play when determining how high your credit limit is. If you’d like a higher credit card limit, you can ask your current card issuer if your financial status has improved, or you could consider applying for a new credit card.

FAQ

Can lenders change credit limits?

Yes, lenders can change credit limits — particularly if a credit card holder asks them to do so. But credit limits are unlikely to change for the better unless the cardholder has a solid credit history and financial situation.

What is a normal credit card limit?

That depends on the individual and credit card companies, but the average credit limit for U.S. cardholders is currently almost $30,000. That said, individual credit card limits can vary depending on a variety of factors, and can be as low as $300.

How do I get a high credit card limit?

A good way to get a high credit limit is to display habits that show creditors that you’re a low credit risk. That means paying your bills on time, keeping debt low, and having a robust credit history.

Photo credit: iStock/RgStudio

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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May

2024

Fixed vs. Variable Credit Card Interest Rates: Key Differences

By Brian O'Connell | Credit, Family Finances, money | Comments Off

Anyone who’s ever had a credit card knows they have an interest rate, which represents the cost consumers pay for borrowing money. What you may not know is that interest rates come in two forms: fixed and variable interest rates.

Fixed interest rates stay the same over time and are generally tied to your creditworthiness. Variable interest rates, on the other hand, may change over time and are connected to economic indexes. Read on to learn how to determine if the interest rate of a credit card is fixed or variable, as well as why it’s important to know.

What Is Credit Card APR?

A credit card’s annual percentage rate, or APR, represents the cost a consumer pays to borrow money from credit card issuers, represented as a yearly cost.

When a cardholder doesn’t pay off their credit card balance in full each month, they’ll owe credit card interest charges on the remaining balance, with the rate based on their APR.

Credit card APRs vary among credit card issuers, individual cardholders, and credit card categories. Currently, the average credit card interest rate stands at 22.8% APR.

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Types of Credit Card APRs

Your credit card payment is impacted by what type of APR your credit card has. Let’s have a look at how a fixed rate credit card and a variable rate credit card may affect your credit experience.

Fixed Interest Rate

Fixed rate credit cards have an interest rate that generally doesn’t vary over the course of your credit card contract. Rather than being tied to economic indexes, fixed interest rates are generally determined based on payment history and creditworthiness, as well as any ongoing promotions.

However, just because the term “fixed” is used, doesn’t mean a fixed interest rate can never change. While a fixed rate credit card’s interest rate won’t change based on factors like the prime index, increasing credit card APR can occur if payments are late or missed or if your credit score dips. If that occurs, the credit card company must notify the cardholder at least 45 days before the adjusted rate takes effect.

While fixed rate credit cards offer the benefit of predictability, one downside is that their rates are, on average, higher than variable credit card rates.

Variable Interest Rate

A variable rate credit card offers interest rates that can shift over time. There’s a reason for that, as variable card rates are tied to major benchmark interest rates, like the U.S. prime rate.

Since major benchmark rates change, so will variable interest rates. That’s why banks and other major financial institutions often shift rates for things like credit cards, home mortgages, auto loans, and student loans. When major interest indexes change, the rates for loans change with them.

What does that mean for a cardholder? For starters, there’s more risk with variable interest rates. Rates can go up, and credit card payments increase when interest rates rise. Conversely, variable rates may go down, which works in favor of the credit cardholder, who will then pay less in interest.

Credit card consumers should check their credit card contracts for the specific conditions that can trigger a variable rate change. Credit card issuers don’t have to notify you of interest rate changes with variable rate cards, so it’s up to the consumer to keep a sharp eye out for changing interest rates.

When Do Variable APRs Change?

As mentioned, the interest rate on a variable rate credit card changes with the index interest rate, such as the prime rate. If the prime rate goes up, so will your credit card’s APR. Similarly, if the prime rate goes down, your APR will drop.

How often your interest rate changes will depend on which index rate your lender uses as a benchmark as well as the terms of your contract. As such, the number of rate changes you may experience can vary widely, often multiple times a year.

Details on how a card’s APR may fluctuate over time will appear in a cardholder’s agreement, which you can generally find on the card issuer’s website. If you’re unable to locate it, you can request a copy from your card issuer.

Differences Between Fixed and Variable Credit Card Rates

Both fixed and variable credit card rates have pros and cons. Here’s a look at the major differences with a credit card with a variable or fixed interest rate.

Fixed Interest Rate	Variable Interest Rates
The interest rate usually remains the same	Variable rates change on an ongoing basis
Fixed rates are calculated with payment histories in mind	Rates are based on a benchmark index, like the U.S. primate rate
The card provider is required to let you know when the rate does change (usually for late or missed payments)	The credit card issuer is not required to let you know when rates shift

How Credit Card Interest Rates Are Determined

Credit card interest rates are generally determined based on your creditworthiness — meaning, your payment history and credit score — as well as prevailing interest rates and the card issuer and card type.

For instance, a basic card may have a lower rate than a premium rewards card. Additionally, credit cards can have different types of APRs, such as an APR that applies for credit card charges and another rate for cash advances or balance transfers.

Another factor that can impact credit card rates is promotional offers. Sometimes, credit card issuers may offer low or no interest periods. After that period ends, the card’s standard APR will kick in, and the card’s rate will go up.

Once determined, how and why a credit card’s interest rate changes over time depends on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable. A fixed rate will generally stay the same, though it may increase if payments are late or missed, or if the cardholder’s credit score takes a dive. Meanwhile, variable rates fluctuate depending on current index rates.

Reducing Interest Charges on Credit Cards

Perhaps the easiest way to reduce interest charges on credit cards is to pay your statement balance in full each billing cycle. By doing so, you’ll avoid incurring interest charges entirely.

Of course, this isn’t always feasible. If you may end up carrying a balance and want to decrease how much a credit card costs, there are ways to do so. For one, you can call your credit card issuer and request a lower rate. Of course, for this to be successful, you’ll likely have needed to stay on top of payments and have a history of responsible credit card usage.

Perhaps the surest way to secure a better interest rate on your credit card is to build your credit score. In general, lower interest rates are awarded to those who have higher credit scores and follow the credit card rules, so to speak.

You can build your credit score by making your payments on time, every time, and by keeping your credit utilization ratio (how much of your available credit limit you’re using) well below 30%. You might also avoid applying for new credit accounts, which results in hard inquiries and temporarily lowers your score.

And if you simply feel in over your head with credit card debt and a skyrocketing APR, you may choose between credit card refinancing or consolidation as potential solutions.

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Fixed vs Variable Interest Rate Cards: Which Is Right for You?

In a word, choosing between a fixed rate or variable rate credit card comes down to whether you prefer stability or risk versus reward.

A fixed rate credit card offers a known quantity — a rate that stays the same over time, as long as you pay your credit card bill on time. On the other hand, a variable rate credit card offers an element of risk and reward. If the rate goes up, the cardholder usually spends more money using the card. If card rates go down, however, the cost of using the card usually goes down, too, as interest rates are lower.

Of course, cardholders can largely negate the impact of credit card interest rates by paying their bills in full every month. Of, for those who don’t quite feel ready to tackle the responsibility, there’s always the option of becoming an authorized user on a credit card of a parent or another responsible adult.

The Takeaway

As you can see, it’s important for a number of reasons to know whether a credit card is fixed or variable. Fixed interest rates offer more predictability (though there’s no guarantee they’ll never change), but rates also tend to be higher compared to variable rates. With variable rates, your interest rate will fluctuate over time based on market indexes.

As you shop around for credit cards, interest rate is critical to pay attention to. It can have an impact on your ability to pay your credit card bill and use credit responsibly.

FAQ

Do all credit cards have fixed interest rates?

No, actually most credit cards come with variable interest rates tied to major interest rate indexes. That connection to interest rate changes enables card companies to keep rates competitive on a regular basis.

How do I get notified of an interest rate increase?

By law, credit card companies must notify cardholders in writing at least 45 days ahead of an interest rate change taking effect. Card companies are not allowed to change interest rates during the first year an account is open.

Can I control whether I have a fixed or variable interest rate?

Yes, you can opt for a fixed or variable rate credit card, but know that most credit cards come with variable rates. It’s tougher to find a fixed rate card, but banks and credit unions, which are more likely to offer both, are a good place to start your search.

Photo credit: iStock/AlekseiAntropov

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May

2024

How to Check Your Credit Card Balance: A Step-By-Step Guide

By Jacqueline DeMarco | Credit, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off

You can check a credit card balance in a variety of ways, including online, in an app, over the phone, or on your statement. This can be a smart financial move. It’s easy to swipe a credit card and lose track of exactly how much you’re spending. That’s why it’s critical to check your credit card balance on a regular basis.

By checking your credit card balance, you’ll know how much you owe so you can make payments or adjust your spending accordingly. Here, you’ll learn more about how to check a balance on a credit card and why your credit card balance matters.

What Is a Credit Card Balance?

There are two different types of balances consumers will come across when it comes to their credit cards: current balances and statement balances.

The statement balance is the total balance owed at the end of the billing cycle. If someone wants to avoid paying interest, they need to pay off their statement balance in full each month. The current balance, on the other hand, is the total amount owed plus any fees, charges, credits, and payments that have been added to the account since the billing cycle ended. Given how credit cards work, it’s not necessary to pay the entire current balance to avoid interest charges.

In addition to their current balance and statement balance, each month the cardholder will also be told what their ://www.sofi.com/learn/content/credit-card-minimum-payment/”>credit card minimum payment is. This is the lowest amount of their balance that they can pay in order to remain in good standing with their credit card issuer. They’ll need to pay interest on the remaining unpaid balance.

Why Is It Important to Know Your Balance?

A credit card balance represents the total amount owed to the credit card issuer. If the cardholder wants to avoid paying interest on their remaining balance, they’ll need to pay off their credit card balance in full each month. So, for budgeting purposes, it’s helpful to know what that balance is.

A credit card balance also can indicate how high or low someone’s credit utilization ratio is. This ratio compares how much credit someone is using to how much credit they have available based on their credit card limits.

It’s generally advised to keep your credit utilization ratio under 30% — but the lower, the better. Paying off a credit card balance in full each month can also help keep credit utilization low.

Additionally, checking your credit card balance each month can allow you to spot any unusual or potentially fraudulent charges on your credit card. If anything is amiss, you could then quickly contact your issuer and dispute the credit card charge.

This could result in a credit card chargeback, allowing you to get the money back.

Reviewing a credit card statement can also help consumers identify where to cut back their spending so they can save more or afford to pay down more credit card debt.

How to Check a Credit Card Balance

Even if you’re confident you can pay off your balance in full each month, it’s smart to stay on top of your credit card balance for the reasons mentioned above. Read on to learn how to check the balance on your credit card.

Log In to the Mobile App or Go Online

Thanks to mobile banking and credit card apps, it only takes a few seconds to check a credit card balance from a smartphone. Mobile apps can make it very easy to check a credit card balance on the go. It’s also possible for consumers to check their credit card balances by logging onto their online accounts from a computer, smartphone, or tablet.

Contact the Card Issuer

It’s also possible to call the credit card issuer directly to confirm what your current credit card balance is. The phone number to call is printed on the credit card and also listed on the credit card issuer’s website. Keep in mind your issuer may provide different numbers to call depending on your reason for calling.

Send a Text to Your Bank

Don’t love making phone calls? Some banks and credit card issuers also allow account holders to text them to check their account balance, which is a speedy and convenient way to get an update.

Check Your Statements

Each month, an account holder usually receives a paper credit card statement through the mail or over email. The Account Summary section of the statement will outline what the statement balance on the credit card as well as the following details, which are given what a credit card is:

• Payments and credits

• New purchases

• Balance transfers

• Cash advances

• Past due amount

• Fees charged

• Interest charged

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The Takeaway

Regularly checking your credit card balance is smart for a number of reasons. In addition to helping you stay on top of your spending and how much you owe, it can also help you to monitor your credit utilization and check charges for any fraudulent activity. Checking your credit card balance is easy to do online, on an app, with a phone call, via text, or on your credit card statement.

FAQ

Can you transfer a balance to a new credit card?

It’s possible to transfer a balance from one credit card to a new one by using a balance transfer credit card. Typically, balance transfer cards come with a low or 0% introductory APR, which makes it possible to pay down debt without spending too much on interest for a temporary period of time. Keep in mind that balance transfer fees will typically apply.

What is a credit card balance refund?

When someone pays off their credit card balance before getting a refund for a purchase they made, that results in a negative credit card balance. To get that money back, you can either request a refund or wait for the funds to get applied to your future credit card balance.

What happens if I overpay my credit card balance?

If someone overpays their credit card balance for whatever reason, they can either have that balance applied to a future purchase or they can request a credit card balance refund.

What does a negative balance on a credit card mean?

Having a negative credit card balance means that someone has a credit card balance that is below $0. For example, if someone pays off their credit card balance and then requests a $250 refund from a merchant, they would end up with a negative balance of $250. The credit card issuer would then owe that money to the account holder.

What happens if you cancel a credit card with a negative balance?

If someone chooses to close a credit card that has a negative balance, they need to request a refund before they close their account. Some credit card issuers will issue this refund automatically, but it’s best to confirm the refund is happening before closing an account.

Photo credit: iStock/milan2099