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If you die without a will, a court will decide how your assets are distributed in accordance with state law. Each state has its own laws in place, called intestate succession laws, that determine how assets are passed to family members in the absence of a valid will.

That means plans you had about giving items or cash to friends, charities, or other recipients may not be followed. In addition, your survivors may have a tricky road ahead as they navigate the management of your estate.

Many people postpone writing a will out of the belief that it will be a time-consuming and expensive task, but it doesn’t have to be either of those things. Here, you’ll find out what happens if you haven’t made a will, as well as tips to get started. You’ll also learn how writing a will can save your loved ones stress, time, and, yes, money.

Who Handles Your Estate if You Die Without a Will?

When there is no will to name an executor, state law dictates who will be in charge of handling your estate.

A will is a legal document that outlines details including how you wish to have your estate distributed and who you wish to designate as the executor or personal representative. This is the person who takes responsibility for administering your estate after you die. They make sure final bills and taxes are paid and your financial assets are distributed according to your plans.

If no valid will exists, the executor will typically be appointed according to a priority list determined by the state. For example, most states will make the surviving spouse, if there is one, the executor. Adult children are typically considered next, followed by other family members.

Until the courts decide who will distribute your assets, they will be frozen. Keep in mind that some assets may not be subject to probate, such as financial accounts that have designated beneficiaries or property that has joint ownership established. Assets subject to probate, however, may be held until an executor is selected.

If nobody is willing or able to handle your estate, the courts will name a public trustee to represent you. This would mean that a stranger would be in charge of distributing your assets according to the laws in your state.

Who Gets Your Money If You Die Without a Will?

If you were to die without a will (legally called “intestate”), the court would decide how to divide your assets during probate.

Probate is the legal process in which a court validates the will (if it exists) and oversees the distribution of the deceased’s assets. If a will is not in place when you die, probate could be a complex process that can hold your assets in place for an extended period of time. It could also potentially be time-consuming and expensive for your survivors, depending on the situation.

How an estate will be distributed in the absence of a will depends on state law. Typically, the bulk of the estate will go to a spouse. If you have children, they will also likely get a share or, if there are no children, your parents. Next, the state will typically look for siblings, nieces, nephews, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Some relatives might have to claim unclaimed money from the deceased.

The probate process can mean that your belongings are inherited by those you didn’t necessarily intend. For example, if you are single and you die, your parents may get all of your possessions. This may not have been your wishes if you have a partner, or if you and your parents don’t get along.

If you are in a relationship but have no marriage certificate, your significant other may not be able to inherit any of your assets.

You also don’t have an opportunity to give anything to charity, your alma mater, or create a legacy.

What if I Die With Credit Card Debt or Loans?

Your estate typically has to pay any creditors before anything is passed down to those named in your will or determined by the court. If you have a mortgage or credit card debt alongside other assets, the process can take time and potentially lead to confusion for your loved ones.

If you die, federal student loan debt will be discharged, but private loan debt is dependent on your policy. If someone cosigned the loan, they may be responsible for future payments.

If you have credit card debts and not enough assets to cover them, your survivors will typically not be responsible for payment. But despite your loved ones not being legally obligated to pay the debts, it may also lead to creditors contacting your family.

Recommended: What Happens if Direct Deposit Goes to a Closed Account?

Who Gets My Children if I Die Without a Will?

Guardianship, or who takes care of children who are minors in the event of your death, can be the most pressing concern for many parents.

If you die without a will, your children’s surviving parent will usually get full custody of them. If there is no surviving parent, the state will appoint a guardian for your children. The state will choose guardians that they believe are in the best interest of the children, but these guardians may not be the same people you would have chosen.

Having the state assign guardians can also be stressful for your loved ones during what would already likely be a tough time.

A will can establish both a personal and financial guardian for your children. While this can be the same person, some parents like the flexibility in dividing guardianship.

For example, a relative may be chosen to be a financial guardian because they are skilled at managing money and have positive net worth. However, a personal guardian could be a family member who lives nearby and could ensure that the children are well cared for and their daily routines stay consistent.

You can also appoint a backup guardian in your will in case your primary choice is unable or unwilling to take on the role. You might also look into putting your house in a trust for your children, as well as other applicable assets, which could help ease the transfer process.

Writing a Will Can be Easier (and Cheaper) Than You May Think

If you have a lot of property or assets and may want to set up trusts for your heirs, it can be wise to hire an experienced estate attorney to help you write a will, as well as any other estate planning documents. You may decide to create a revocable living trust, for example. Assets held in a living trust are not subject to probate. An attorney can also advise you on the best way to handle a will if you are married.

For many people, however, online templates can be sufficient and, provided the documents are signed appropriately, will be legally binding. A will is an important part of an estate-planning checklist.

After you write your will, you may need witnesses and a notary in order to make sure it’s legal in the state where you live. Once you have a will, there are a few other steps you may want to take, including:

•   Keeping your will in a safe place. This may include having a digital copy and also a physical copy.

•   Letting someone know where copies of the will are kept (say, the person you appointed as executor of your will).

•   Creating other end-of-life documents, including a living will and power of attorney. These documents can be invaluable if you were to become incapacitated and needed people to make medical decisions for you.

•   Considering adding beneficiaries to financial accounts, such as bank accounts and retirement accounts, which allows funds to be directed to beneficiaries upon death.

•   Talking about your decision with others. Many people put off making a will, which can lead to confusion and uncertainty if the worst were to happen. Encouraging your loved ones to draft their own wills can help give peace of mind to the entire family.

•   Updating it regularly. It can be a good idea to consider looking at your will every year or so, or after a major event, such as a marriage, divorce, death in the family, home purchase, or the birth of a child.

Recommended: Guide to Safety Deposit Boxes

The Takeaway

Creating a will may seem overwhelming, but it can also be a financially prudent move that helps protect your assets — and creates a legacy based on your wishes.

If you die without a will, you will not have a say in how your assets will be distributed and, if you have children, who will necessarily care for them. You also risk putting your survivors in a difficult situation.

You may be able to create your own will relatively quickly online simply by plugging in your information. The rest is done for you, and the results are legally binding as long as they meet the requirements of your state.

While you’re tackling the to-dos you’ve long been putting off, you may also want to also work on getting your financial life in order. SoFi Checking and Savings makes it easy to manage your money by allowing you to save, spend, pay bills, and manage your budget, all in one place.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Who takes care of your estate if you die without a will?

If you die without a will, the court will appoint an executor, as determined by state law, to manage and handle the distribution of your estate. Typically, the surviving spouse is first in line, followed by adult children, and then other family members. If no one is willing or able, a public trustee may be appointed.

What happens to my credit card debt or loans when I die?

Your estate is responsible for paying off debts, such as credit card balances or loans, before passing on assets to your heirs. If your estate lacks the funds to cover these debts, your survivors are typically not obligated to use their own resources to settle them.

What happens to federal and private student loans if you die without a will?

Federal student loans are typically discharged upon death, but some private loans may still need to be settled. If there’s a cosigner on the student loan, they might be accountable for the outstanding balance.

How often should I update my will?

It’s a good idea to review and update your will annually or after significant life events such as marriage, divorce, the birth of a child, or the purchase of a home.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SOBNK-Q225-095

There are plenty of ways to stow your money for future use, and two popular options are savings accounts and money market accounts. These financial products have similarities, such as both being interest-earning, insured ways to stash cash for future needs. However, one may better suit your particular situation better than another. Savings accounts may offer a more favorable interest rate without a minimum balance requirement, while a money market account could offer more flexibility in terms of transactions.

If you’re wondering how to pick between a money market or savings account, learn more here.

What Is a Money Market Account?

A money market account is a type of deposit account offered by banks and credit unions. These accounts can also be referred to as money market deposit accounts, money market savings accounts, or by their acronym, MMAs.

Here’s how a money market account works:

•  Money market accounts allow you to deposit money and earn interest on those deposits.

•  The interest rate and annual percentage yield (APY) earned can depend on the bank and the terms of the account.

•  If you need to withdraw money from a money market account, you will probably find quite a lot of flexibility. You may be able to do it via ACH transfer, debit card, check, or ATM withdrawal.

While Federal Reserve rules limiting you to six withdrawals per month have been suspended since 2020, banks can still impose withdrawal limits. If you exceed the allowed number of withdrawals, your bank can charge an excess withdrawal fee for each transaction over the limit. It can be wise to check with your bank about their policies.

Worth noting: If you are wondering about a money market account vs. a money market fund, know that the latter is a type of mutual fund. Since it’s an investment, it is neither insured by the FDIC nor is it backed by the U.S. government, and it carries risk.

What Is a Savings Account?

A savings account is also a deposit account that can be used to hold money you don’t plan to spend right away. Banks and credit unions can pay interest to savers, though there can be a significant difference in rates from one financial institution to the next. Online search tools will quickly and conveniently show you some options, and savings calculators can help you see how to reach financial goals depending on your timeframe and interest rate.

Can you spend money from a savings account? Technically, a savings account is meant for funds you’ll eventually spend. For example, you might open a savings account to hold money for an emergency fund or for a wedding you’re planning. But you typically can’t spend freely from a savings account the way you would a checking account.

Access may be somewhat limited. Savings accounts usually don’t come with a debit card, ATM card, or checks. If you need to take money from savings, you will probably either transfer funds using your financial institution’s website or an app, by phone, or by visiting a branch if your account is held at a traditional bank. Or you might be able to get access via an ATM card. And again, banks can limit the number of withdrawals you’re allowed to make per month.

3 Main Differences Between Money Market vs. Savings Account

Both money market and savings accounts are interest-bearing deposit account options. In addition, they can both be subject to monthly withdrawal limits. Next, take a closer look at the differences between money market vs. savings accounts. This intel may help you decide which kind of account best suits your particular needs.

1. Access and Flexibility

A money market account can offer an advantage over a savings account when it comes to how you can access your money. Depending on the bank, your options for making deposits and withdrawals might include:

•  Debit card

•  ATM card

•  Paper checks

•  Electronic transfers

•  Mobile check deposit

•  Teller withdrawals/deposits

Access to a savings account, on the other hand, is usually limited to electronic, ATM, or teller transactions.

With online banks, ACH transfers to and from a linked account at an external bank, wire transfers, mobile check deposit, or mailed paper checks may be your only option for making deposits or withdrawals. Some online banks enable you to make withdrawals from certain ATM networks, however, which adds to their convenience.

2. Account Opening

There may be differences in the minimum deposit requirement between these two kinds of accounts. Generally, money market accounts tend to require a higher minimum deposit to open.

So instead of being able to open a new account with a minimal amount (even no money), which may be the case with a savings account, you might need $100, $1,000, or more instead. Again, how much cash you’ll need to open a money market account vs. savings acct can depend on the bank.

3. Interest and Fees

Money market accounts and savings accounts can also differ when it comes to the interest you can earn and the fees you might pay. If you put a regular savings account vs. money market account from an online bank side by side, for example, the regular savings account is more likely to offer a lower rate and APY, or annual percentage yield. In addition, it’s more likely to charge a monthly maintenance fee, though some money market accounts can have a minimum balance requirement. If that’s not met, you could incur a fee.

That said, a high-yield savings account may have no monthly maintenance fee or minimum balance at all and may offer considerably higher interest rates vs. traditional banks. These accounts are often offered by online banks.

Additionally, money market accounts often offer tiered rates, meaning the more you have on deposit, the higher the rate you may qualify for.

Similarities Between Money Market and Savings Accounts

Here’s a closer look at ways in which savings and money market accounts are similar.

Earning Interest

Both money market accounts and savings accounts pay you interest. When you keep money at a financial institution, they use some of it for other aspects of their business, such as loans to other customers. For the privilege of using some of your funds this way, they pay you interest. Usually, this interest rate will vary with economic factors.

Being Insured

Money market and savings accounts are both likely to be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) or NCUA, the National Credit Union Administration. Typically, accounts are insured for $250,000 per depositor, per financial institution, per account ownership category.

Offering Accessibility and Liquidity

Unlike time deposits (such as certificates of deposit, or CDs), savings and money market accounts allow you to withdraw funds at will vs. waiting for the maturation date. However, there may be limits on how many outbound transactions you can make per month, depending upon the institution.

When You Should Use a Savings Account

A savings account could be a good fit in several scenarios:

•  One good reason to use a savings account is if you want a safe place to set aside money for future expenses. Maybe you are gathering funds to landscape your yard next spring. Or perhaps you just want to be prepared and several months’ worth of living expenses stashed away in case of emergency (which is a very good idea).

•  You might opt for a savings account vs. money market account if you don’t necessarily need a debit card, ATM card, or checks to access funds.

•  Where you decide to open a savings account can depend on your needs and personal banking preferences. Online banks may appeal to you if you’re looking for long-term savings account options that often pay the best interest rates and charge the fewest fees.

On the other hand, you might choose a regular savings account at a brick-and-mortar bank instead if you want to be able to get cash at a teller or drive-thru in a pinch. It’s your call.

When You Should Use a Money Market Account

Money market accounts definitely have their appeal, too. They are attractive if you need a low-risk option to put cash away for a rainy day or until you’re ready to spend it on a planned expense. For example, you might consider opening a money market account if you’re saving toward any of these goals:

•  Down payment on a home

•  New (or used) car

•  Vacation

•  Wedding

•  Education expenses

•  Home renovations or repairs

In any of those scenarios, a money market account could offer convenience if you need to write a check or use your debit card to pay for something. If you’re upgrading your kitchen, for example, you could write a check to your contractor from your money market account.

Here’s an overview of the pros and cons of savings vs. money market accounts:

Potential Risks of Using a Money Market or Savings Account

Money market accounts and savings accounts are both quite low-risk since these products can be FDIC-insured. FDIC insurance applies in the rare event that a bank fails. In that case, as noted above, protection extends up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per insured financial institution. NCUA offers similar insurance for accounts held at credit unions.

That said, there are some potential drawbacks to these accounts. Being aware of the risks is of course a good idea as you choose the best type of savings account.

Money Market Account

Here are some of the main risks associated with money market accounts:

•  Monthly maintenance fees may apply if your balance falls below the required minimum.

•  Interest rates are not fixed, so you’re not guaranteed to earn a specific APY.

•  Additional withdrawals from a money market account may trigger fees.

•  There aren’t tax benefits for saving this way.

Savings Account

Consider these risks before opening a savings account:

•  Interest rates on traditional savings accounts may be well below what you could get with a money market account. However, high-yield savings accounts (typically offered by online banks) can offer a higher APY than traditional ones and some money market accounts.

•  Accessing cash in an emergency may be difficult if you don’t have linked accounts, an ATM card, and/or your money is at an online bank without an extensive ATM network.

•  You may be penalized for withdrawals over and above your limit.

•  You won’t enjoy tax benefits for saving with this kind of account.

Recommended: Ways to Earn Interest on Your Money

The Takeaway

Money market accounts and savings accounts can both offer ways to earn interest on your money while safely stowing it away. Whether you’ll benefit more from a money market account vs. savings account can depend on how much you plan to keep in the account, the interest rate and APY you’re hoping to earn, and how you’d like to be able to access your money. Those fine points can make the difference between growing your money in a way that’s frustrating or fabulous.

On the topic of fabulous: Finding the right banking partner for your funds can enhance your money management.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is a money market better than a savings account?

A money market account might be better than a savings account for people who want to be able to make purchases from the account using a debit card and write checks against their balances. When comparing money market vs. savings accounts, it’s important to compare the accessibility, fees, interest rates, and other features.

Can you lose your money in a money market account?

Money market accounts are a safe place to keep your money provided the financial institution is insured (not all are). Even if your bank fails, which happens rarely, you’d still be protected by FDIC coverage up to the applicable limit. Money market funds, however, are an investment that does carry risk.

Do you get taxed on money market accounts?

Interest earned in a money market account is considered to be taxable by the IRS. If your money market account earns interest for the year, your bank will send you a Form 1099-INT to report interest income. The bank will also send a copy of this form to the IRS on your behalf.

What is the downside of a money market account?

A money market account may have a higher opening deposit and ongoing minimum balance requirement vs. a savings account. Also, it may have limits on the number of withdrawals you can make.

Is a money market account safer than a savings account?

Both money market accounts and savings accounts are typically insured by either the FDIC or NCUA, depending on your financial institution, for $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per insured institution.

Photo credit: iStock/akinbostanci

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q325-043

A Direct PLUS Loan is a type of unsubsidized federal student loan for graduate students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student.

Direct PLUS Loans can help pay for education costs that aren’t covered by other types of financial aid. Because they have higher interest rates than other types of federal loans, it’s generally recommended that a student exhaust all of their other Direct Loan options before considering a Direct PLUS Loan.

As you plan how to pay for your education, here’s what to know about Direct PLUS Loans to decide if this option is right for you.

What Is a Federal Direct PLUS Loan?

After pursuing financial aid options that don’t need to be paid back (such as grants, scholarships, and work-study programs), many students take out federal student loans to help pay for the cost of school.

There are several types of federal student loans from the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. Direct Loans can be subsidized for undergraduate students with financial need — meaning that the federal government will pay the loan interest while a student is in school at least half-time and during a grace period after graduating or during a period of deferment.

Direct Loans can also be unsubsidized for both undergraduate and graduate students. With a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, the borrower is responsible for all of the interest that accumulates on the loan. These loans are not dependent on financial need, but there is a cap on the amount a student can borrow.

So what is a Direct PLUS Loan? Direct PLUS Loans can be made to graduate students or parents of dependent undergraduate students to help meet the remaining costs of school.

Types of Federal PLUS Loans

As mentioned, Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal student loans that two groups of people can apply for to help pay for higher education that isn’t covered by other types of financial aid: graduate and professional students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student.

When a Direct PLUS Loan is made to parents of an undergraduate student, it’s often referred to as a parent PLUS loan. When made to a graduate or professional student, it’s called a grad PLUS loan.

Keep in mind that PLUS loans are some of the highest interest loans offered by the government — significantly higher than federal loans offered directly to undergrads — so it’s worth it to pursue other federal options first.

Eligibility for Federal Parent PLUS Loans

Parents can qualify for a parent PLUS loan as the biological, adoptive, and in some cases, stepparent of a qualifying undergraduate student enrolled at least half-time. It’s important to note that a federal Direct PLUS Loan made to a parent borrower cannot be transferred to the child.

Both parent and child must be U.S. citizens or eligible noncitizens and meet the eligibility requirements for federal student aid.

Unlike other types of federal loans, Direct PLUS Loans consider your credit history, and the requirements state that the borrower must not have an adverse credit history.

Some borrowers with credit issues may still be able to qualify if they meet certain additional eligibility requirements, such as having an endorser on the loan. Another option is to file an appeal and provide documentation of extenuating circumstances related to the adverse credit history.

Eligibility for Federal Grad PLUS Loans

When a Direct PLUS Loan is made to a graduate or professional student, it’s commonly called a grad PLUS loan. To qualify as an individual student borrower, you must be enrolled at least half-time in an eligible program leading to a graduate or professional degree.

As with parent PLUS loans, the borrower must meet the eligibility requirements for federal financial aid and can’t have an adverse credit history.

Interest Rates on Federal PLUS Loans

Direct PLUS Loans have some of the highest interest rates of all federal student loans. For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for undergraduates, 7.94% for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for parents. The interest rates, which are fixed for the life of the loan, are set annually by Congress.

For the 2025-2026 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates, 7.94% for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students, and 8.94% for Direct PLUS loans for parents and graduate or professional students.

Is the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Subsidized or Unsubsidized?

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal loans, meaning that the interest accumulates on the loan at all times.

If you are a graduate or professional student, you do not have to make any grad PLUS loan payments if you are enrolled at least half-time in school, and there is also a six-month grace period after you graduate or leave school.

If you don’t pay the interest on a federal unsubsidized loan during these periods, the interest on the loan is capitalized and added to the total principal amount of the loan. This amount will also accrue interest and increase the overall amount you owe.

Parent borrowers are expected to start making payments on a Direct PLUS Loan once it’s been fully paid out. But parents may request a student loan deferment while their child is enrolled in school or six months after.

Loan Fees on Federal PLUS Loans

There is a loan fee for Direct PLUS Loans. A percentage of the loan amount (currently 4.228%) is deducted from each loan disbursement. This percentage is higher than that for Direct Loans (currently 1.057%). Loan fees vary by the date that the loans are disbursed.

Loan Limits on Federal PLUS Loans

Direct PLUS loans allow graduate students or parents to borrow enough money to fund the costs of school that aren’t covered by other aid.

Unlike other federal loans, you can borrow up to the total cost of attendance with a Direct PLUS Loan, minus financial aid already received. The student’s school sets the amount that a graduate student or parent can borrow through a Direct PLUS Loan.

How to Apply for Federal PLUS Loans

Before applying for a Direct PLUS loan, a student must fill out the FAFSA® — the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The borrower will undergo a credit check and may need to participate in credit counseling in some circumstances.

Once completed, schools at which students applied and were accepted will send award letters to students that include financial aid options for the upcoming school year, which may include Direct PLUS loans if the student and/or parent qualifies.

If a school doesn’t accept applications for Direct PLUS Loans via the federal Student Aid website, contact the school’s financial aid office to find out how to apply.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

What to Do When Federal PLUS Loans Aren’t Enough

The amount that can be borrowed through Direct PLUS Loans is set by the student’s school and can’t exceed the total cost of attendance minus financial aid received. If you still need additional funds to cover other education-related costs, you may want to explore private loans.

Private loans, which are also capped at the total cost of attendance, can bridge the gap between what a student is able to borrow in federal loans and their remaining needs after accounting for aid such as scholarships or grants.

Your eligibility and the interest rate that you can get through a private loan will depend on factors like your credit score and income. Having a cosigner on your loan may help you secure more favorable terms.

Parents with strong credit and income may find lower interest rates on private parent student loans than on federal parent PLUS loans which, as a reminder, also come with an origination fee.

Recommended: The Differences Between Grants, Scholarships, and Loans

What to Do About Undergraduate School Loans

If you owe both PLUS loans and undergraduate student loans, you may be looking for ways to lower your monthly payments. An income-driven repayment plan is one option for making monthly payments more affordable.

Direct PLUS loans made to students are eligible for most income-driven repayment plans, but parent PLUS loans are not. The only IDR plan available to parent borrowers is the Income-Contingent Repayment plan, and you must consolidate your parent PLUS loan into a federal Direct Consolidation Loan to become eligible.

If you’re a graduate student and you have a high-interest rate on existing undergraduate loans or need to lower your monthly payment before grad school, it could be worth considering student loan refinancing. Refinancing student loans through a private lender offers the opportunity to consolidate multiple student loans, federal and/or private, into a single loan with a single payment and (ideally) a lower interest rate. Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Refinancing may be a long-term solution for some PLUS loan borrowers, especially if they do not qualify for income-driven repayment and are not planning to use other federal benefits. Keep in mind if you refinance federal loans, you lose access to federal benefits and protections, such as forgiveness, income-driven repayment plans, and forbearance.

The Takeaway

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal loans that can be made to graduate students or parents of a dependent undergraduate student. Known as grad PLUS loans or parent PLUS loans, these federal loans take your credit history into account. If you have an adverse credit history, there are certain eligibility requirements you’ll need to meet to qualify.

Direct PLUS Loans allow you to borrow up to the full cost of attendance for graduate school minus the amount of financial aid you receive from other sources. Since they have higher interest rates and a higher origination fee than other types of federal loans, you’ll likely want to pursue a federal Direct Unsubsidized Loan first.

Private student loans can bridge the gap between what a student is able to borrow in federal loans and their remaining needs after aid such as scholarships or grants is considered. And remember, it’s possible to refinance student loans in the future if you might then qualify for a lower interest rate.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

How does a Direct PLUS loan work?

Direct PLUS Loans are unsubsidized federal student loans for graduate and professional students (often referred to as a grad PLUS loan) or parents of a dependent undergraduate student (often referred to as a parent PLUS loan).

Unlike other federal loans, you can borrow up to the total cost of attendance with a Direct PLUS Loan, minus financial aid already received. These loans are unsubsidized, meaning interest accrues as soon as they are disbursed.

What are the disadvantages of a Direct PLUS loan?

Disadvantages of Direct PLUS Loans include the fact that unlike other federal loans, these loans consider your credit history, and borrowers must not have an adverse credit history in order to be eligible for them (although some borrowers may still be able to qualify if they meet other requirements). In addition, Direct PLUS loans have higher interest rates and a higher origination fee than other types of federal loans.

Who pays back a Direct PLUS loan?

The borrower of a Direct Loan is responsible for paying it back. If you have a parent PLUS loan, the loan cannot be transferred to your child. The parent borrower is legally responsible for repaying the loan.

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