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Financial discipline means making wise, consistent decisions about how to manage your money and achieve your goals. It may come naturally to some people, but many others need to learn and then practice it. Doing so can help you better understand and track your earnings, spending, and savings and make your money work harder for you. Financial discipline can help you on the path to buying a home, saving for your child’s education, or retiring early. And it can pay off by minimizing your money stress and enhancing your confidence.

This guide shares 10 essential ways to achieve financial discipline and enjoy its rewards.

What Does Financial Discipline Mean?

Financial discipline is the act of making smart decisions about your money so that you can achieve your financial goals and a sense of well-being. This can involve setting specific monetary (spending and saving) goals and tracking your progress.

Some aspects of financial discipline include:

•   Budgeting

•   Managing debt responsibly

•   Saving and investing

•   Setting and achieving financial goals

10 Steps For Achieving Financial Discipline

There are many paths to financial discipline, but these 10 steps can help you take control of your money and your financial destiny.

1. Getting Clear About Financial Goals

A vital step toward getting disciplined about money is setting financial goals. Writing down specific short-term, mid-term, and long-term financial goals can help illuminate a plan for how to proceed.

Here are some common examples of financial goals. They range from short-term money goals to longer-term ones:

Short-term Financial Goals

These are typically goals that you hope to achieve within a year or less.

•   Paying off credit cards and charge cards

•   Saving money for summer vacation

•   Setting and sticking to a spending limit for the month

•   Establishing an emergency fund

•   Saving a certain amount each month

Mid-term Financial Goals

Mid-term goals tend to have a longer horizon. Perhaps you work to achieve them in one to five years.

•   Paying off student loan debt

•   Setting aside funds for a wedding

•   Putting away money to buy a big-ticket item like a car

•   Saving up for an important home renovation

Long-term Financial Goals

These are aspirations that will likely take longer than five years to accomplish.

•   Saving for your child’s future college tuition

•   Putting away money for a down payment on a house

•   Investing in stocks and bonds for future returns

•   Setting aside money for retirement

2. Creating a Convenient Budget

Building a monthly budget isn’t necessarily at the top of everyone’s bucket list, but analyzing and tracking your expenses, spending habits, and savings can make it easier to get a handle on overall finances. Whether you use a cool journal, an online spreadsheet, or an app, there are many ways to manage a budget.

It can be worthwhile to try different types of budgets until you find one that is a good fit. Many people like the 50/30/20 budget rule, which says to dedicate 50% of your take-home pay to necessities, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings and/or additional debt payments above required minimums. Creating a budget can be a key aspect of becoming financially disciplined.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Calculator

3. Paying Down Existing Debt

Debt comes in many forms — from student loan debt to car loans, medical bills to mortgages, and of course credit card debt. By getting rid of debt, you can save on interest and might positively impact your credit score by lowering your credit utilization ratio.

Paying down debt can be a critical facet of financial discipline, making it easier to save money, invest, and plan for a brighter financial future. Adding the debt paydown amount to your budget ensures it’s covered each month.

4. Opening a High-Yield Savings Account

There’s no specific answer to how much money you should have in savings. However, it is important to get started and contribute regularly. Even if it’s as little as $20 a month, setting something aside for savings ensures that funds will start to add up. By opening up a savings account and setting up a recurring deposit, you’ll be putting a pivotal piece of financial discipline on autopilot.

Of the different types of savings accounts, the specific kind you choose can make a big difference. According to the FDIC, the national average interest rate on savings accounts was 0.42% APY as of December 16, 2024.

By choosing a high-yield savings account (typically found at online banks), however, interest rates can reach 3.00% APY. This can help you build your financial position.

5. Establishing an Emergency Fund

Approximately 42% of Americans have no emergency savings, according to recent surveys. That means these individuals would likely have to take on credit card debt, secure a personal loan, or ask family or friends for financial help if they, say, lost their job or had unexpected bills to pay.

Establishing an emergency fund is an important step in gaining financial discipline. Most money experts advise socking away enough over time to cover three to six months’ worth of living expenses.

6. Cutting Back on Spending

Despite the best of intentions, overspending happens. Whether it’s a pileup of holiday gift purchases or too much shopping on social media, spending more than what you earn is bound to occur from time to time. Making sure it’s not a regular occurrence is a sign of good financial discipline.

Cutting down on spending can be guided by a good budget. Habits like shopping with a list to avoid impulse purchases, hunting for bargains, and using promo codes can help you make sure that you don’t overdo it with your credit and debit cards.

7. Seeking Sound Investment Strategies

Familiarizing yourself with a wide variety of investment accounts and strategies can help educate you and enhance your financial discipline. By weighing the risks and benefits of certain account types, penalties, fees, and the ability to access funds, you can select the right investment strategy. This in turn may help you achieve some of your longer-term money goals.

8. Automating Savings and Payments

A solid tool for achieving financial discipline can be to tap tech and automate your savings and payments. If you set up recurring transfers from your checking account to your savings right around payday, you can seamlessly build your savings instead of spending that cash.

By automating payments (say, to your utility companies or car loan lender), you help ensure that your bills get paid on time. This helps you avoid late fees and maintain your credit score.

9. Tracking Expenses Regularly

Tracking your expenses is something typically done when setting up a budget, but to achieve financial discipline, it’s important to check in regularly with your money. For example, inflation can take a toll on your expenses. Insurance premiums, rent, heating costs, and other regular payments can creep up and threaten your financial stability.

It’s wise to take a closer look if not monthly, then every few months. There are tools that can help you with this, too. See what your financial institution offers. They may offer a good money tracker to make this task extra easy. If not, third-party products are available.

10. Be Flexible and Patient

Last but not least is the fact that cultivating financial discipline is a process. Sometimes it will be harder than others. Perhaps you have a period in which you’re out of work and your credit card balance creeps up. Or maybe you have a baby or buy a home and are having trouble contributing to your retirement account. These curves along the road to financial discipline are part of life. Roll with them and adjust your plans, seeking help from a qualified financial planner if you like.

Don’t feel that just because you’re not where you want to be means all is lost. Financial discipline is a long haul, so go easy on yourself and keep pushing ahead, one step at a time.

Focusing on Financial Planning

The term “financial planning” might feel more like a unicorn you only get to meet when you’re floating high on a cloud of financial independence, but it’s actually another sound step along the way. These days, financial planning isn’t designated for the already wealthy, it’s becoming accessible and essential for people at every stage of life. In fact, in the age of digital transformation, financial planning can even be automated. This can be another way to optimize the long-term view of your money and your goals.

The Takeaway

Financial discipline revolves around setting specific financial goals and adopting habits that help you achieve them. By practicing financial discipline, you can create a budget, build up savings and an emergency fund, hit your money goals, and make progress toward a more stable financial future.

Finding the right financial institution to suit your needs can be another important step. Doing so can help you manage your money more easily, minimize fees, and earn interest on the money you stash away.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How long does it take to develop financial discipline?

Financial discipline is at its best when it’s a lifelong habit that provides money guidance and guardrails. That said, the habits that create financial discipline can be adopted in minutes. Establishing recurring transfers from your checking account into an emergency fund, for instance, is a “set it and forget” move that can be quickly accomplished.

What are the most common financial mistakes people make?

Common financial mistakes include not budgeting, not automating finances, and not prioritizing saving. Other issues can be overspending, relying too heavily on credit cards, and not setting short- through long-term goals.

How does financial discipline impact long-term wealth building?

Financial discipline can help you build long-term wealth. It’s a path to funding your financial aspirations, such as automating deposits into a savings account that’s earmarked for the down payment on a house. Also, by adopting and following a budget, you can keep your spending and saving in line with your earnings throughout your life.

What are some tools that can help with budgeting and saving?

There are many tools available to help with budgeting and saving. A good place to start can be with your financial institution. They likely have tools for automating transfers from checking into savings, tracking your spending, and budgeting wisely. If what they offer isn’t what you’re looking for, there are an array of third-party apps, both free and paid, that can help you.

Is it ever too late to start practicing financial discipline?

It’s never too late to start practicing financial discipline. Whether you’re just starting your independent financial life or are much further along, there’s likely a way to make managing your money more effective and easier. That could mean building a better budget, paying down debt, earmarking more funds for retirement, or figuring out the best way to start saving for your child’s education.

Photo credit: iStock/shih-wei

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOBNK-Q225-110

It’s never too early to think about student loan repayment. Whether you’re still in college, or you recently graduated and are in the grace period before repayment begins, strategizing now can help you weigh the options.

If you’ve graduated and are already working and making payments, it can be a good idea to re-evaluate your repayment plan over time. As your financial circumstances change, the way you’d like to manage your student loans may also shift.

Before considering your options, take inventory of all your student loans. Be sure to list the principal, the interest rate, the repayment period, and the servicer for each loan.

All federal student loans issued in recent years have fixed interest rates, but private student loans or older federal student loans may have variable rates. If the rate is variable, be sure to note that as well.

Different Student Loan Repayment Options

Once you understand the details of your student loans, it’s time to think about your repayment options. The simple choice if you have federal student loans is the Standard Repayment Plan. It’s the “default” repayment plan, so unless you sign up for another option, this is the plan you’ll have. Under the Standard plan, you typically pay a fixed amount every month for up to 10 years.

There is no “standard repayment plan” for private student loans; the interest rate may vary based on market factors, and your repayment term might be shorter or longer.

The federal government also offers graduated and extended repayment plans for borrowers. With the Graduated Repayment Plan, payments start smaller and grow over time, while the Extended Repayment Plan stretches repayment over a period of up to 25 years and payments may be either fixed or graduated.

Opting for the Standard Repayment Plan may work for you, but for some borrowers, it’s not the most cost-effective choice. These borrowers may be eligible for special federal programs that can reduce the amount they owe monthly based on financial circumstances, and in some cases, forgive balances if they meet certain requirements.

Or some borrowers might be able to find a more competitive interest rate by refinancing their loans through private lenders.

💡 Quick Tip: Often, the main goal of refinancing is to lower the interest rate on your student loans — federal and/or private — by taking out one loan with a new rate to replace your existing loans. Refinancing may make sense if you qualify for a lower rate and you don’t plan to use federal repayment programs or protections, since refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits.

Here’s an overview of some student loan repayment options that may help if you are choosing a repayment plan:

1. Student Loan Consolidation

Federal student loan consolidation allows you to combine multiple federal student loans into a single new loan. You can’t consolidate private student loans using this federal program.

When you consolidate your federal student loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan, your new loan’s interest rate will be the weighted average of all your old student loans’ interest rates, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percent. This means your interest rate won’t necessarily be lower than the rate you were paying before consolidation on some of your student loans — in fact, it could be slightly higher.

When you consolidate, you’ll also have the option to select a new repayment plan. The standard plan would still be available, but consolidation can also be a first step toward other plans of action, like student loan forgiveness or income-driven repayment.

2. Student Loan Forgiveness

Federal student loans are eligible for student loan forgiveness programs, and private student loans may qualify for some loan repayment assistance programs. For instance, some federal student loans and Direct Consolidation Loans are eligible for modified payment plans that forgive outstanding student loan balances.

Health care professionals, teachers, military service members, and those employed full-time by qualifying nonprofit or public service organizations may be eligible for certain federal student loan forgiveness programs. Some states and employers offer loan repayment assistance toward both federal and private loans for eligible workers.

Under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program, those who have worked for qualified employers, such as the government or some nonprofit agencies, and have made 10 years of payments on a qualified income-driven repayment plan, can apply for forgiveness of all of their remaining federal student loan balances. That forgiveness is not considered taxable income.

The Federal Student Aid website has additional information on which federal student loans qualify for which types of forgiveness, cancellation, and/or discharge.

3. Income-Based Repayment

If the payments under the Standard Repayment Plan seem too high, federal student loans offer income-driven repayment plans, which tie the amount you pay to your discretionary income. The currently available options are Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, and Pay As You Earn.

Income-driven repayment plans may help lower your monthly payments. In some cases, however, you might end up paying more over the life of the loan than you would have on the Standard Repayment Plan. That’s because with low monthly payments that stretch out over more years, you could be paying more in interest over time.

Additionally, with income-driven repayment plans, you may be eligible for student loan forgiveness if the remainder of your student loans aren’t paid off after 20 to 25 years of consistent, on-time payments.

4. Student Loan Refinancing

Refinancing student loans through a private lender offers the opportunity to consolidate multiple student loans into a single payment and potentially decrease your interest rate or lower your monthly payment.

Loan repayment terms vary based on the lender, and borrowers with better credit and earning potential (among other financial factors that vary by lender) may qualify for better terms and interest rates.

One important thing to know about refinancing, however, is that once you refinance a federal student loan into a private loan, you can’t undo that transaction and later consolidate back into a federal Direct Consolidation Loan.

This can be relevant for professionals in health care or education where federal student loan forgiveness plans are offered, or for those considering long-term employment in the public sector.

In addition, refinancing federal student loans with a private lender renders them ineligible for important borrower benefits and protections, like income-driven repayment and deferment.

💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

Can You Change Your Student Loan Repayment Plan?

If you have federal student loans, it is possible to change your repayment plan at any time, without any fees. You’ll have the option to choose from any of the federal repayment plan options, including income-driven repayment plans.

There is less flexibility to change the terms of a private student loan. Some private lenders may offer alternative payment plans for borrowers. Check with your lender directly to see what options may be available to you.

Recommended: Student Loan Calculator

SoFi Student Loan Refinancing

Refinancing is another avenue that can result in a new repayment plan. An important consideration, however, is that refinancing federal student loans will remove them from any federal programs or protections, so this won’t be the right choice for everyone.

The Takeaway

Federal student loan borrowers have the ability to change their repayment plan at any time, without being charged any fees. There are different plans to choose from, and you can look for one that suits your situation and needs.

Changing your repayment plan is a bit more challenging for private student loans, though some private lenders may offer alternative options for borrowers. Refinancing is another option that could allow some borrowers to adjust their repayment terms.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

What student loan repayment options are available to me?

Borrowers with federal student loans can choose from various federal repayment plans, including the standard 10-year repayment plan and income-driven repayment options. The SAVE plan, which was introduced by the Biden Administration at the end of June 2023, is no longer available. For private student loans, repayment options will be determined by the lender.

What is a standard repayment plan for student loans?

The Standard Repayment Plan for federal student loans involves fixed monthly payments over a period of 10 years. For consolidation loans, repayment may extend up to 30 years, depending on the loan amount.

How long is a typical student loan repayment?

The typical student loan repayment period may vary from individual to individual. The Standard Repayment Plan for federal loans is 10 years, but income-driven repayment plans or Direct Consolidation loans may have a term of up to 25 to 30 years. The repayment terms for private student loans vary by lender.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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