Dec
30
2024
What Is a Savings Bond?

Savings Bonds Defined And Explained

By | Budgeting & Goals, Growing Wealth, money | Comments Off on Savings Bonds Defined And Explained

The definition of a U.S. Savings Bond is an investment in the federal government that helps to increase your money. By purchasing a savings bond, you are essentially lending money to the government which you will get back in the future, when the bond matures, with interest. Because these financial products are backed by the federal government, they are considered to be extremely low-risk. And, in certain situations, there can be tax advantages.

Key Points

•   U.S. Savings Bonds are low-risk investments that involve lending money to the government, with returns of both principal and interest upon maturity.

•   Two main types of savings bonds, Series EE and Series I, offer different interest structures, with Series I bonds providing inflation protection.

•   Purchasing savings bonds can be done online through TreasuryDirect, with limits on annual purchases set at $10,000 for each series.

•   Investing in savings bonds has pros, such as tax advantages and no fees, but also cons, including low returns and penalties for early redemption.

•   Savings bonds have a maturity period of 30 years, but can be cashed in penalty-free after five years, depending on certain conditions.

Savings Bond Definition

First, to answer the basic question, “What is a savings bond?”: Basically, it is a loan issued by the U.S. Treasury and made to the U.S. government. Purchase a savings bond, and you are loaning that money to the government. At the end of the bond’s 30-year term, you receive your initial investment plus the compounded interest.

You may withdraw funds before then, as long as the bond has been held for at least five years.

💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.

How Do Savings Bonds Work?

Savings bonds are issued by the U.S. Treasury. You can buy one for yourself, or for someone else, even if that person is under age 18. (That’s why, when you clean out your closets, you may find a U.S. Savings Bond that was a birthday present from Grandma a long time ago.)

You buy a savings bond for face value, or the principal, and the bond will then pay interest over a specific period of time. Basically, these savings bonds function the same way that other types of bonds work.

•   You can buy savings bonds electronically from the U.S. Treasury’s website, TreasuryDirect.gov . For the most part, it’s not possible to buy paper bonds anymore but should you run across one, you can still redeem them. (See below). Unlike many other types of bonds, like some high-yield bonds, you can’t sell savings bonds or hold them in brokerage accounts.

How Much Are Your Savings Bonds Worth?

If you have a savings bond that has been tucked away for a while and you are wondering what it’s worth, here are your options:

•   If it’s a paper bond, log onto the Treasury Department’s website and use the calculator there to find out the value.

•   If it’s an electronic bond, you will need to create (if you don’t already have one) and log onto your TreasuryDirect account.

Savings Bonds Interest Payments

For U.S. Savings Bonds, interest is earned monthly. The interest is compounded semiannually. This means that every six months, the government will apply the bond’s interest rate to grow the principal. That new, larger principal then earns interest for the next six months, when the interest is again added to the principal, and so on.

3 Different Types of Savings Bonds

There are two types of U.S. Savings Bonds available for purchase — Series EE and Series I savings bonds. Here are the differences between the two.

1. Series EE Bonds

Introduced in 1980, Series EE Bonds earn interest plus a guaranteed return of double their value when held for 20 years. These bonds continue to pay interest for 30 years.

Series EE Bonds issued after May 2005 earn a fixed rate. The current Series EE interest rate for bonds issued as of November 1, 2024 is 2.60%.

2. Series I Bonds

Series I Bonds pay a combination of two rates. The first is the original fixed interest rate. The second is an inflation-adjusted interest rate, which is calculated twice a year using the consumer price index for urban consumers (CPI-U). This adjusted rate is designed to protect bond buyers from inflation eating into the value of the investment.

When you redeem a Series I Bond, you get back the face value plus the accumulated interest. You know the fixed rate when you buy the bond. But the inflation-adjusted rate will vary depending on the CPI-U during times of adjustment.

The current composite rate for Series I Savings Bonds issued as of May 1, 2024 is 4.28%.

3. Municipal Bonds

Municipal bonds are a somewhat different savings vehicle than Series I and Series EE Bonds. Municipal Bonds are issued by a state, municipality, or country to fund capital expenditures. By offering these bonds, projects like highway or school construction can be funded.

These bonds (sometimes called “munis”) are exempt from federal taxes and the majority of local taxes. The market price of bonds will vary with the market, and they typically require a larger investment of, say, $5,000. Municipal bonds are available in different terms, ranging from relatively short (about two to five years) to longer (the typical 30-year length).

How To Buy Bonds

You can buy Series EE and I Savings Bonds directly through the United States Treasury Department online account system called TreasuryDirect, as noted above. This is a little bit different than the way you might buy other types of bonds. You can open an account at TreasuryDirect just as you would a checking or savings account at your local bank.

You can buy either an EE or I Savings Bond in any amount ranging from a $25 minimum in penny increments per year. So, if the spirit moves you, go ahead and buy a bond for $49.99. The flexible increments allow investors to dollar cost average and make other types of calculated purchases.

That said, there are annual maximums on how much you may purchase in savings bonds. The electronic bond maximum is $10,000 for each type. You can buy up to $5,000 in paper Series I Bonds using a tax refund you are eligible for. Paper EE Series bonds are no longer issued.

If you are due a refund and you want to buy I Bonds, be sure to file IRS form 8888 when you file your federal tax return. On that form you’ll specify how much of your refund you want to use to buy paper Series I bonds, keeping in mind the minimum purchase amount for a paper bond is $50. The IRS will then process your return and send you the bond that you indicate you want to buy.

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The Pros & Cons of Investing in Savings Bonds

Here’s a look at the possible benefits and downsides of investing in savings bonds. This will help you decide if buying these bonds is the right path for you, or if you might prefer to otherwise invest your money or stash it in a high-yield bank account.

The Pros of Investing in Savings Bonds

Here are some of the upsides of investing in savings bonds:

•   Low risk. U.S. Savings Bonds are one of the lower risk investments you could make. You are guaranteed to get back the entire amount you invested, known as principal. You will also receive interest if you keep the bonds until maturity.

•   Tax advantages. Savings bond holders don’t pay state or local taxes on interest at any time. You don’t have to pay federal income tax on the interest until you cash in the bond.

•   Education exception. Eligible taxpayers may qualify for a tax break when they use U.S. Savings Bonds to pay for qualified education expenses.

•   No fees. Unlike just about every other type of security, you won’t pay a fee, markup or commission when you buy savings bonds. They’re sold at face value, directly from the Treasury, so what you pay for is what you get. If you buy a $50 bond, for example, you’ll pay $50.

•   Great gift. Unlike most securities, people under age 18 may hold U.S. Savings bonds in their own names. That’s what makes them a popular birthday and graduation gift.

•   Patriotic gesture. Buying a U.S. Savings Bond helps support the U.S. government. That’s something that was important and appealed to investors when these savings bonds were first introduced in 1935.

The Cons of Investing in Savings Bonds

Next, consider these potential downsides of investing in savings bonds:

•   Low return. The biggest disadvantage of savings bonds is their low rate of return, as noted above. A low risk investment like this often pays low returns. You may find you can invest your money elsewhere for a higher return with only slightly higher risk.

•   Purchase limit. For U.S. Savings Bonds, there’s a purchase limit per year of $10,000 in bonds for each series (meaning you can invest a total of $20,000 per year), plus a $5,000 limit for paper I bonds via tax refunds. For some individuals, this might not align with their investing goals.

•   Tax liability. It’s likely you’ll have to pay federal income tax when you cash in your savings bond, unless you’ve used the proceeds for higher education payments.

•   Penalty for early withdrawal. If you cash in your savings bond before five years have elapsed, you will have to pay the previous three months of interest as a fee. You are typically not allowed to cash in a bond before the one-year mark.

Here, a summary of the pros and cons of investing in savings bonds:

Pros of Savings Bonds

Cons of Savings Bonds

•   Low risk

•   Education exception

•   Possible tax advantages

•   No fees

•   Great gift

•   Patriotic gesture

•   Low returns

•   Purchase limit

•   Possible tax liability

•   Penalty for early withdrawal

When Do Savings Bonds Mature?

You may wonder how long it takes for a savings bond to mature. The EE and I savings bonds earn interest for 30 years, until they reach their maturity date.

Recommended: Bonds or CDs: Which Is Smarter for Your Money?

How to Cash in Savings Bonds

You’ll also need to know how and when to redeem a savings bond. These bonds earn interest for 30 years, but you can cash them in penalty-free after five years.

•   If you have a paper bond, you can cash it in at your bank or credit union. Bring the bond and your ID. Or go to the Treasury’s TreasuryDirect site for details on how to cash it in.

•   For electronic bonds, log into your TreasuryDirect account, click on “confirm redemption,” and follow the instructions to deposit the amount to a linked checking or savings account. You will likely get the money within a few business days.

•   If you inherited or found an old U.S. Savings Bond, you may be able to redeem savings bonds through the TreasuryDirect portal or via Treasury Retail Securities Services.

Early Redemption of Bonds

If you cash in a U.S. Savings Bond after one year but before five years, you’ll pay a penalty that is the equivalent of the previous three months of interest. Keep in mind that for EE bonds, if you cash in before holding for 20 years, you lose the opportunity to receive the doubled value of the bond that accrues after 20 years.

The History of US Savings Bonds

America’s savings bond program began under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1935, during the Great Depression, with what were known as “baby bonds.” This started the tradition of citizens participating in government financing.

The Series E Saving Bond contributed billions of dollars to financing the World War II effort, and in the post-war years, they became a popular savings vehicle. The fact that they are guaranteed by the U.S. government generally makes them a safe place to stash cash and earn interest.

The Takeaway

U.S. Savings Bonds can be one of the safest ways to invest for the future and show your patriotism. While the interest rates are typically low, for some investors, knowing that the money is being securely held for a couple of decades can really enhance their peace of mind.

Another way to help increase your peace of mind and financial well-being is finding the right banking partner for your deposit product needs.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What is a $50 savings bond worth?

The value of a $50 savings bond will depend on how long it has been held. You can log onto the TreasuryDirect site and use the calculator there to find out the value. As an example, a $50 Series I bond issued in 2000 would be worth more than $211 today.

How long does it take for a $50 savings bond to mature?

The full maturation date of U.S. savings bonds is 30 years.

What is a savings bond?

A savings bond is a secure way of investing in the U.S. government and earning interest. Basically, when you buy a U.S. Savings Bond, you are loaning the government money, which, upon maturity, they pay back with interest.

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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4.00% APY
SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

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Dec
30
2024
How to Make End of Year Donations

Tax-Deductible or Not? Your Guide to End-of-Year Donations

By | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off on Tax-Deductible or Not? Your Guide to End-of-Year Donations

At the end of the year, when holiday celebrations and expressions of gratitude are in full swing, many people think about making a charitable donation. If you donate to a qualifying organization, not only can your funds do good, they may also be deductible when you pay your taxes.

Maybe it’s the animal shelter around the corner from your home, or perhaps it’s a scholarship fund at your alma mater that does amazing work. Whatever pulls at your heart and makes you feel like you’re doing the right thing can be a good cause for donations. The organization you give your money to benefits. Read on to learn if your contribution could also lower your tax bill.

What Qualifies as Charitable Giving?

In the eyes of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), a charitable donation is a gift of money, property, or other asset that you give to a qualifying organization, known as a 501(c)(3).

To find out if an organization you’d like to support is eligible to receive tax-deductible contributions, you can search for it on the IRS’s database .

You may want to keep in mind that money or assets given to political campaigns or political parties do not qualify as tax-deductible donations. In fact, no organization that qualifies as a 501(c)(3) can participate in political campaigns or activities.

Organizations that engage in political activities without bias, however, can still sometimes qualify. So, a group can educate about the electoral process and remain within guidelines. They just have to go about it in a nonpartisan way.

Can I Deduct My Year-End Charitable Donation?

In tax years 2024 and 2025, charitable donations can only be deducted by tax filers who itemize their deductions. That means that rather than take the standard deduction on their income tax return, they chose the more complicated path of listing all of their eligible expenses.

Recommended: 26 Tax Deductions for College Students and Other Young Adults

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How Much of a Charitable Donation Is Tax-Deductible?

The IRS sets limits on how much of a charitable contribution you can deduct from your taxes, and these are frequently updated. The amount is typically expressed in terms of the percentage of your adjusted gross income (AGI) that you may claim.

In 2024, this limit for cash contributions (say, money debited from your checking account) is 60% of a person’s AGI. The top figure is 20%-50% of AGI if you make a non-cash contribution, such as stock shares or a vehicle. The exact figure will vary with both the type of organization to which you are making the donation as well as the kind of item you are donating.

Of course, you are welcome to donate as much as you like. Just keep in mind that any charitable giving above those figures is not eligible for a deduction at tax time.

Recommended: How to Reduce Taxable Income for High Earners

Tips for Making End-of-Year Donations

To ramp up both the impact and benefit of a charitable donation, here are some strategies you may want to keep in mind:

Making a Timely Donation

Don’t lose track of your timing: The deadline for charitable donations is December 31. If you’re looking to deduct the donation in the current tax year, you will want to make sure your charity has ownership of whatever asset you are donating by the close of business on the 31.

You may also want to make sure that your preferred payment method is accepted by the charity so it doesn’t get kicked back and cause delays. Putting a reminder in your calendar for, say, mid-December can be a good way to make sure you don’t run late with your giving. (Of course, you also want to make sure you don’t miss the tax-filing deadline come April, either.)

Taking Advantage of Company Matching Programs

Your place of employment might have a matching program for charitable giving. They might, for example, match your donation amount dollar for dollar up to a certain amount. If so, it could significantly bump up the amount you could otherwise afford to give.

If you’re unsure about whether your company has a program, it can be worth reaching out to your HR department for further information.

Giving Rewards on Your Credit Card

If you are making a contribution on a budget, you might consider donating credit card rewards you earn, such as hotel points or airline miles. This can be a great way to use points or other rewards that would otherwise just expire. Many credit card companies, hotels, and airlines will make it easy to give your rewards to nonprofit organizations.

Donating Assets from Your Brokerage Account

If you’re looking to lower your taxes, you may want to consider donating assets from your brokerage account to a nonprofit. This may take some time and planning, but the benefits of donating an over-allocated position that’s outperforming can be worth it.

You may be able to receive tax advantages and rebalance your portfolio, while also helping an organization increase its assets.

Recommended: What Tax Bracket Am I In?

Setting up a Recurring Donation

You can get a headstart on next year by creating a recurring contribution now. Many organizations allow you to donate monthly through their websites using a credit card, so you might be able to earn rewards at the same time. By establishing your donation plans now, you won’t have to even think about end-of-the-year giving next year.

Keeping Good Records

If you want to deduct your donation on your taxes, you’ll want to make sure you have the right receipts to back up the transaction.

You’ll want to keep records of your donations. For cash donations under $250, you’ll either need a bank record (like a canceled check or bank statement) or a written acknowledgment from the charity which includes the date and amount of your contribution. (The exception is goods dropped off at, say, a clothing donation bin.)

For cash donations over $250, a bank record isn’t insufficient. Instead, you’ll need something in writing from the charity which includes the date and amount of your donation.

If you are making noncash donations valued at $500 or more, you’ll need to fill out one or more of the IRS Form 8283 . If the donation exceeds $5,000 in value (say, if you gift a car you no longer need to a favorite local organization), you’ll also need to get a written appraisal from a qualified appraiser. In addition, know that donations of $250 or more will also require what is known as a “contemporaneous written acknowledgment.” This is a document that describes the property, states whether the organization provided the donor with goods or services as a result of the contribution,and share an estimate of the value of any such goods or services provided.

Speaking with a Professional

Working with a personal accountant can help answer any questions you may have about how tax laws will impact your tax contribution, as well as help you make the most strategic and efficient charitable donation.

Recommended: Are 401(k) Contributions Tax Deductible? Limits Explained

The Takeaway

Giving can be a good idea for a number of reasons. In addition to helping a nonprofit organization meet its operating costs for the year, you can feel good about what you are doing with your money, and you may also benefit from tax deductions.

Giving can also help you get the new year started on the right foot. If you’re looking for other ways to get your financial life in order, consider a new bank account.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Should donations be deductible?

Charitable contributions are usually tax-deductible, but there can be limitations as well as exceptions, so it can be wise to inquire in advance. Contributions can often take the form of cash, artwork, cars, and other items of value.

Are charitable contributions no longer tax-deductible?

Charitable contributions can be tax-deductible. However, they must be claimed as itemized deductions; you would do so on Schedule A of IRS Form 1040. Keep in mind that there’s a limit on charitable cash contributions: For 2024, it’s 60% of the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income.

Can you deduct $300 in charitable contributions without itemizing?

The short answer is no. Currently, you must itemize charitable contributions in order to claim them as deductions.

Photo credit: iStock/ThitareeSarmkasat

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Dec
30
2024

Rollover IRA vs Traditional IRA: What’s the Difference?

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Rollover IRA vs Traditional IRA: What’s the Difference?

If you’re leaving a job, you may hear the term “rollover IRA.” But exactly what is a rollover IRA? Employees have the option of moving their retirement savings from their employer-sponsored 401(k) plan to an individual retirement account, or IRA, at another financial institution when they leave a job. This IRA, where they transfer their 401(k) savings to, is called a rollover IRA. If the 401(k) plan was not a Roth 401(k), you’ll likely want to open what’s called a traditional IRA.

In this scenario, a rollover IRA is also a traditional IRA. But they aren’t always the same. You can have a traditional IRA that is not a rollover IRA. Read on for the differences worth noting between a rollover IRA and a traditional IRA.

Key Points

•   A rollover IRA is an individual retirement account created with funds rolled over from a qualified retirement plan, like a 401(k), usually when someone leaves a job.

•   A traditional IRA is funded by direct contributions by the account holder, and contributions are tax-deductible up to a cap and subject to eligibility limitations.

•   Directing rollover funds from an employer-sponsored plan to a traditional IRA that holds your direct contributions is called commingling funds, which you may not want to do, especially if you want to transfer the rollover funds to a new employer’s plan.

•   Withdrawals from either type of IRA before age 59.5 are subject to both income taxes and an early withdrawal penalty, except for certain eligible expenses.

•   The IRS requires owners of both types of IRAs to start making withdrawals at age 73 (for people born in 1951 or later); these withdrawals are also called required minimum distributions (RMDs).

Is There a Difference Between a Rollover IRA and a Traditional IRA?

When it comes to a rollover IRA vs. traditional IRA, the only real difference is that the money in a rollover IRA was rolled over from an employer-sponsored retirement plan. Otherwise, the accounts share the same tax rules on withdrawals, required minimum distributions, and conversions to Roth IRAs.

💡 Recommended: Here’s a complete list of retirement plans to compare.

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What Is a Rollover IRA?

A rollover IRA is an individual retirement account created with money that’s being rolled over from a qualified retirement plan. Generally, rollover IRAs happen when someone leaves a job with an employer-sponsored plan, such as a 401(k) or 403(b), and they roll the assets from that plan into a rollover IRA.

In a rollover IRA, like a traditional IRA, your savings grow tax-free until you withdraw the money in retirement. There are several advantages to rolling your employer-sponsored retirement plan into an IRA, vs. into a 401(k) with a new employer:

•   IRAs may charge lower fees than 401(k) providers.

•   IRAs may offer more investment options than an employer-sponsored retirement account.

•   You may be able to consolidate several retirement accounts into one rollover IRA, simplifying management of your investments.

•   IRAs offer the ability to withdraw money early for certain eligible expenses, such as purchasing your first home or paying for higher education. In these cases, while you’ll pay income taxes on the money you withdraw, you won’t owe any early withdrawal penalty.

There are also some rollover IRA rules that may feel like disadvantages to putting your money into an IRA instead of leaving it in an employer-sponsored plan:

•   While you can borrow money from your 401(k) and pay it back over time, you cannot take a loan from an IRA account.

•   Certain investments that were offered in your 401(k) plan may not be available in the IRA account.

•   There may be negative tax implications to rolling over company stock.

•   An IRA requires that you start taking Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) from the account at age 73, even if you’re still working, whereas you may be able to delay your RMDs from an employer-sponsored account if you’re still working.

•   The money in an employer plan is protected from creditors and judgments, whereas the money in an IRA may not be, depending on your state.

Recommended: This guide can help you financially prepare for retirement.

What Is a Traditional IRA?

Now that you know the answer to the question of what is a rollover IRA?, you’ll want to familiarize yourself with a traditional IRA. To understand the difference between a rollover IRA vs. traditional IRA, it helps to know some IRA basics.

From the moment you open a traditional IRA, your contributions to the account are typically tax deductible, so your savings will grow tax-free until you make withdrawals in retirement.

This is advantageous to some retirees: Upon retirement, it’s likely one might be in a lower income tax bracket than when they were employed. Given that, the money they withdraw will be taxed at a lower rate than it would have when they contributed.

A Side-by-Side Comparison of Rollover IRA vs Traditional IRA

  Rollover IRA Traditional IRA
Source of contributions Created by “rolling over” money from another account, most typically an employer-sponsored retirement plan, such as 401(k) or 403(b). For the rollover amount, annual contribution limits do not apply. Created by regular contributions to the account, not in excess of the annual contribution limit, although rolled-over money can also be contributed to a traditional IRA.
Contribution limits There is no limit on the funds you roll over from another account. If you’re contributing outside of a rollover, the limit is $7,000 for tax year 2024 plus an additional $1,000 if you’re 50 or older. Up to $7,000 for tax year 2024, plus an additional $1,000 if you’re 50 or older.
Withdrawal rules Withdrawals before age 59 ½ are subject to both income taxes and an early withdrawal penalty (with certain exceptions , like for higher education expenses or the purchase of a first home). Withdrawals before age 59 ½ are subject to both income taxes and an early withdrawal penalty (with certain exceptions , like for higher education expenses or the purchase of a first home).
Required minimum distributions (RMDs) You’re required to withdraw a certain amount of money from this account each year once you reach age 73 (thanks to the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022). You’re required to withdraw a certain amount of money from this account each year once you reach age 73 (again, thanks to the SECURE 2.0 Act).
Taxes Since contributions are from a pre-tax account, all withdrawals from this account in retirement will be taxed at ordinary income rates. If contributions are tax deductible, all withdrawals from this account in retirement will be taxed at ordinary income rates. (If contributions were non-deductible, you’ll pay taxes on only the earnings in retirement.)
Convertible to a Roth IRA Yes Yes

Can You Contribute to a Rollover IRA?

By now you’re probably wondering, can I contribute to a rollover IRA?, and the answer is yes. You can make contributions to a rollover IRA, up to IRA contribution limits. For tax year 2023, individuals can contribute up to $6,500 (with an additional catch-up contribution of $1,000 if you’re 50 or older). If you do add money to your rollover IRA, however, you may not be able to roll the account into another employer’s retirement plan at a later date.

Can You Combine a Traditional IRA With a Rollover IRA?

A rollover IRA is essentially a traditional IRA that was created when money was rolled into it. Hence, you can combine two IRAs by having a direct transfer done from one account to another, or by rolling money from one IRA to the other IRA.

There’s one important aspect of the transfer or rollover process that will help prevent the money from counting as an early withdrawal or distribution to you—and that’s being timely with any transfers. With an indirect rollover, you typically have 60 days to deposit the money from the now-closed fund into the new one.

A few other key points to remember: As mentioned above, if you add non-rollover money to a rollover account, you may lose the ability to roll funds into a future employer’s retirement plan. Also keep in mind that there’s a limit of one rollover between IRAs in any 12-month period. This is strictly an IRA-to-IRA limit and does not apply to rollovers from a retirement plan to an IRA.

How to Open a Traditional or Rollover IRA Account

Opening a traditional IRA and a rollover IRA are identical processes — the only difference is the funding. Open a traditional or rollover IRA by doing the following:

•   Decide where to open your IRA. For instance, you can choose an online brokerage firm where you can choose your own investments, or you can select a robo-advisor that will offer automated suggestions based on your answers to a few basic investing questions. (There’s a small fee associated with most robo-advisors.)

•   Open an account. From the provider’s website, select the type of IRA you’d like to open — traditional or rollover, in this case — and provide a few pieces of personal information. You’ll likely need to supply your date of birth, Social Security number, and contact and employment information.

•   Fund the account. You can fund the account with a direct contribution via check or a transfer from your bank account, transferring money from another IRA, or rolling over the money from an employer-sponsored retirement plan. Contact your company plan administrator for information on how to do the latter.

The Takeaway

Both a rollover IRA and a traditional IRA allow investors to put money away for retirement in a tax-advantaged way, with very little difference between the two accounts.

One of the primary questions anyone considering a rollover IRA should consider is, will you keep contributing to it? If so, that would prevent you from rolling the rollover IRA back into an employer-sponsored retirement account in the future.

Whether it’s a rollover IRA you’ve created by rolling over an employer-sponsored retirement account or a traditional IRA you’ve opened with regular contributions, either account can play a key role in your retirement game plan.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can you take money out of a rollover IRA?

You can, but if you take money from a rollover IRA (or a traditional IRA for that matter) before age 59½, those withdrawals are subject to income tax and an early withdrawal penalty of 10%. There are certain exceptions, however. If you withdraw the money for certain higher education expenses or to buy your first home, for example, the penalty may not apply.

Why would you rollover an IRA?

A rollover is when you move money between two different types of retirement plans. Typically, you might roll over an IRA if you leave a job with an employer-sponsored plan, such as a 401(k) or 403(b). You would roll the assets from that plan into a rollover IRA where your savings grow tax-free until you withdraw the money in retirement. You could instead choose to leave the money in your former employer’s plan, if that’s allowed, or roll it over into your new employer’s 401(k) or 403(b) plan, if they have one. However, a rollover IRA may offer you more investment choices and lower fees and costs than an employer-sponsored plan.

Can I roll over assets into my traditional IRA?

Yes, rolled over money can be contributed to a traditional IRA. It’s also worth noting that you can also combine a traditional IRA and a rollover IRA. You can do this with a direct transfer from one account to another, or by rolling money from one IRA to another, for instance. Just keep in mind that there is a limit of one rollover between IRAs in any 12-month period.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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2024
Investment Tax Rules Every Investor Should Know

Investment Tax Rules Every Investor Should Know

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on Investment Tax Rules Every Investor Should Know

Investing can feel like a steep learning curve. In addition to having a clear grasp of types of investment vehicles available and the role investments play in overall financial strategy, it’s a good idea to understand how taxes may affect your investments. Knowing tax implications of various investment vehicles and investment decisions may help an investor tailor their strategy and end up with fewer headaches at tax time.

What Is Investment Income?

Tax requirements for investments can be complicated, and it may be helpful for investors to work with a professional to see how taxes might impact a return on their investment. Doing so might also help ensure that investors aren’t overlooking anything important when it comes to their investments and taxes.

That said, it’s beneficial to enter into any discussion with some solid background information on when and how investments are taxed. Typically, investments are taxed at one or more of these three times:

•   When you sell an asset for a profit. This profit is called capital gains—the difference between what you bought an investment for and what you sold it for. Capital gains taxes are typically only triggered when you sell an asset; otherwise, any gain is an “unrealized gain” and is not taxed.

•   When you receive money from your investments. This may be in the form of dividends or interest.

•   When you have investment income that includes such things as royalties, income from rental properties, certain annuities, or from an estate or trust. This may incur a tax called the Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT).

In the following sections, we delve deeper into each of these situations that can lead to taxes on investments.

💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.

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Tax Rules for Different Investment Income Types

Capital Gains Taxes on Assets Sold

Capital gains are the profits an investor makes from the purchase price to the sale price of an asset. Capital gains taxes are triggered when an asset is sold (or in the case of qualified dividends, which is explained further in the next section). Any growth or loss before a sale is called an unrealized gain or loss, and is not taxed.

The opposite of a capital gain is a capital loss. This occurs when an investor sells an asset at a lower price than purchased. Why would this happen? That depends on the investor. Sometimes, an investor needs to sell an asset at a suboptimal time because they need the cash, for instance.

At other times, an investor may sell “losing” assets at the same time they sell assets that have gained as a way to minimize their overall tax bill, by using a strategy called tax-loss harvesting. This strategy allows investors to “balance” any gains by selling profits at a loss, which, according to IRS rules, may be carried over through subsequent tax years.

There are two types of capital gains, depending on how long you have held an asset:

•  Short-term capital gains. This is a tax on assets held less than a year, taxed at the investor’s ordinary income tax rate.
•  Long-term capital gains. This is a tax on assets held longer than a year, taxed at the capital-gains tax rate. This rate is lower than ordinary income tax.

For the 2024 tax year, individuals may qualify for a 0% tax rate on long-term capital gains if their taxable income is $94,050 or less for those married and filing jointly, and no more than 15% if their taxable income is up to $583,750. Beyond that, the tax rate is 20%.

For the 2025 tax year, the long-term capital gains tax is $0 for individuals married and filing jointly with taxable income less than $96,700, and no more than 15% for those with taxable income up to $600,050. The long-term capital gains tax rate is 20% for those whose taxable income is more than that.

Dividend And Interest Taxes

Dividends are distributions that a corporation, S-corp, trust or other entity taxable as a corporation may pay to investors. Not all companies pay dividends, but those that do typically pay investors in cash, out of the corporation’s profits or earnings. In some cases, dividends are paid in stock or other assets.

Dividends that are part of tax-advantaged investment vehicles are not taxed. Generally, taxpayers will receive a form 1099-DIV from a corporation that paid dividends if they receive more than $10 in dividends over a tax year. All other dividends are either ordinary or qualified:

•  Ordinary dividends are taxed at the investor’s income tax rate.
•  Qualified dividends are taxed at the lower capital-gains rate.

In order for a dividend to be considered “qualified” and taxed at the capital gains rate, an investor must have held the stock for more than 60 days in the 121-day period that begins 60 days before the ex-dividend date. (Additionally, said dividends must be paid by a U.S. corporation or qualified foreign corporation, and must be an ordinary dividend, as opposed to capital gains distributions or dividends from tax-exempt organizations.)

Both ordinary dividends and interest income on investments are taxed at the investors regular income rate. Interest may come from brokerage accounts, or assets such as mutual funds and bonds. There are exceptions to interest taxes based on type of asset. For example, municipal bonds may be exempt from taxes on interest if they come from the state in which you reside.

Total Investment Income and Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT)

Net investment income tax (NIIT) is a flat 3.8% surtax levied on investment income for taxpayers above a certain income threshold. The NIIT is also called the “Medicare tax” and applies to all investment income including, but not limited to: interest, dividends, capital gains, rental and royalty income, non-qualified annuities, and income from businesses involved in trading of financial instruments or commodities.

NIIT applies to individuals with a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) over $200,000 for single filers and $250,000 for married couples filing jointly. For taxpayers over the threshold, NIIT is applied to the lesser of the amount the taxpayer’s MAGI exceeds the threshold or their total net investment income.

For example, consider a couple filing jointly who makes $200,000 in wages and has a NIIT of $60,000 across all investments in a single tax year. This brings their MAGI to $260,000—$10,000 over the AGI threshold. This would mean the taxpayer would owe tax on $10,000. To calculate the exact amount of tax, the couple would take 3.8% of $10,000, or $380.

Cases of Investment Tax Exemption

Certain types of investments may be exempt from tax implications if the money is used for certain purposes. These investment vehicles are called “tax-sheltered” vehicles and apply to certain types of investments that are earmarked for certain uses, such as retirement or education.

There are two types of tax-sheltered accounts:

•  Tax-deferred accounts. These are accounts in which money is contributed pre-tax and grows tax-free, but taxes are taken out when money is withdrawn. For example, a 401(k) retirement account grows tax-free until you withdraw money, at which point it is taxed.
•  Tax-exempt accounts. These are accounts—such as a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA, or a 529 plan—in which money can be withdrawn tax-free if the funds are taken out according to qualifications. For example, money in a Roth account is not taxed upon withdrawal in retirement.

Beyond investing in tax-sheltered accounts, investors may also choose to research or speak with a professional about tax-efficient investing strategies. These are ways to calibrate a portfolio that might help minimize taxes, build wealth, and reach key portfolio goals—such as ample savings for retirement.

The Takeaway

Dividends, interest, and gains can add up, which is why it’s important for a taxpayer to be mindful of investment taxes not only at tax time, but throughout the year. Understanding the implications of sales and keeping capital gains taxes in mind when planning sales can help investors make tax-smart decisions.

Because there are so many different rules regarding taxes, some investors find it helpful to work with a tax professional. Tax law also varies by state, and a tax professional should be able to help an investor with those taxes as well.

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Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.


Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

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Dec
30
2024

Putting an IRA in a Trust: What You Need to Know

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on Putting an IRA in a Trust: What You Need to Know

While it’s not possible to put an individual retirement account (IRA) in a trust while you’re alive, you can name a trust to be the beneficiary of your IRA assets after you die. This can be done with traditional IRAs as well as Roth IRAs, SEP, and SIMPLE IRAs.

Trusts are an estate-planning tool that can be useful for passing on assets to others after your death. Assets you can transfer to a trust include investments like stocks and bonds, real estate, bank accounts, and antiques — but not IRA accounts, per se.

Rather, the trust would become a beneficiary of the IRA, and assets within the IRA would transfer to the trust after your death, with instructions about how and when those assets should be distributed.

Key Points

•   You can effectively put an IRA in a trust after you die by naming the trust as the beneficiary of the IRA.

•   Naming a trust as the beneficiary of an IRA allows you, the IRA owner, to manage how and when assets will be distributed after your death.

•   This arrangement can be used for any type of IRA: traditional, Roth, SEP, or SIMPLE.

•   Setting up a trust as an IRA beneficiary requires that you establish a trust, identify a trustee, and name the trust beneficiaries, who will then inherit the IRA assets.

•   Benefits include greater control over how IRA assets are distributed; drawbacks include the cost and time involved in setting up a trust.

What Is an IRA?

To recap what an IRA is, it’s an individual retirement account that allows you to save and invest on a tax-advantaged basis.

You can open an IRA at brokerages, banks, and other financial institutions that offer them. There are different types of IRAs you can fund; each with its own set of restrictions:

•   Traditional IRA: A traditional IRA typically allows you to make tax-deductible contributions. Withdrawals are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate.

•   Roth IRA: Roth IRAs do not allow for deductible contributions. However, qualified withdrawals are tax free.

•   SEP and SIMPLE IRAs: SEP and SIMPLE IRAs are designed for small business owners and self-employed individuals. Similar to traditional IRAs, these plans are tax-deferred, but generally have higher contribution limits.

How much can you put in an IRA? The IRS determines how much you can contribute to an IRA each year. The maximum contribution for tax years 2024 and 2025 is $7,000; an additional $1,000 catch-up contribution is allowed for people aged 50 or older.

Anyone with earned income can contribute to a traditional or a Roth IRA. There are some rules to know, however:

•   The amount of traditional IRA contributions you can deduct, if any, is based on your income and filing status and whether you (or your spouse, if married) are covered by an employer’s retirement plan.

•   The amount of Roth IRA contributions you can make each year is determined by your income and tax filing status. If your income is too high, you may be ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA.

The assets in any of these types of IRAs could be transferred to a trust upon your death, as long as you name the trust the beneficiary of the IRA account.

Recommended: Calculate Your 2024 IRA Contribution Limits

Inherited IRAs

Before deciding whether to transfer your IRA assets to a trust upon your death, you may want to consider the rules for inherited IRAs. Leaving the funds in the IRA to be inherited by a beneficiary such as your spouse, child, or grandchild is also an option, rather than going to the trouble of setting up a trust.

Inherited IRA rules can be complicated, however. When it comes to IRAs, there are two types of beneficiaries: designated and non-designated. Designated includes people, such as a spouse, child, or friend. Non-designated beneficiaries are entities like estates, charities, and trusts.

Depending on the beneficiary’s relationship to you at the time of your death, as well as your age, different rules will apply to how IRA funds can be accessed and distributed. For example, all inherited IRAs obey a set of IRS rules pertaining to the distribution of funds. But when you set up a trust as the beneficiary for an IRA, the funds can be distributed according to parameters that you have established.

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How Does a Trust Work?

A trust is a legal entity you can establish for the protection and distribution of assets after you die. State law determines the process for creating one, but generally here’s how a trust works:

•   You create the trust document on paper, either by yourself or with the help of an estate planning attorney.

•   You name a trustee who will manage trust assets on behalf of the individuals or entities you name as beneficiaries.

•   Once the trust is created, you typically can transfer assets to the trust and control of the trustee. With an IRA, you would name the trust as the beneficiary of the IRA assets.

•   The assets are transferred to the trust upon your death, and the trustee oversees the distribution of the funds to the beneficiaries of the trust.

•   In many cases, the assets in a trust are not subject to probate after you pass. This can streamline the transfer of assets, and also ensure some privacy.

More Facts About Trusts

•   A trustee is a fiduciary, meaning they’re obligated to act in the best interests of you and the trust’s beneficiaries. The trustee has an ethical duty to manage the trust assets according to the terms you spelled out in the trust document.

•   There are different types of trusts you can consider, but generally they can be classified as revocable or irrevocable: A revocable trust can be altered or canceled, while an irrevocable trust is permanent.

•   In estate planning, a trust is separate from a person’s will. A will is a legal document you can use to specify how you’d like assets to be distributed after your death or name a guardian for minor children.

Can an IRA Be Put in a Trust?

An IRA can be put in a trust, but it cannot be transferred to a trust during your lifetime. You can, however, establish a trust and name it as the beneficiary of your IRA.

Naming a trust as the beneficiary of your IRA assets can give you more control over how and when the funds are distributed.

Making a trust the beneficiary to your IRA may be as simple as updating your beneficiary elections with the company that holds your account, assuming the trust has already been created. Your brokerage account may allow you to make a change to your beneficiary designation online or require you to mail in a new beneficiary election form.

What Happens When You Put an IRA in a Trust?

When you name a trust as the beneficiary of an IRA, funds in the IRA account are directed into the trust once you pass away. IRA funds can then be distributed among the trust’s beneficiaries, according to the conditions you set.

Moving an IRA to a trust would not affect the beneficiary designations for any other retirement accounts you might have, such as a 401(k).

Reasons Someone Might Put Their IRA in a Trust

There are different scenarios in which it might make sense to name a trust as your IRA beneficiary, versus passing it on to your heirs directly. You might choose to do so if you:

•   Want to set specific conditions or restrictions on when beneficiaries can access IRA assets.

•   Are interested in creating a legacy of giving through your estate plan and have named one or more charities as trust beneficiaries.

•   Want to protect IRA assets from creditors.

•   Need to set up a trust for a special needs beneficiary.

Control is often the biggest reason for naming a trust as an IRA beneficiary. For example, say one of your children is a spendthrift. If you were to name them as beneficiary to your IRA, then they’d have free access to that money once you pass away.

Instead, you could name the trust as beneficiary, with a stipulation that your child is only able to withdraw a certain amount of money from the IRA each year, or only for a certain purpose (e.g., their education). Or you could specify that the IRA assets should only be released to them when they reach a certain age.

Things to Consider Before Putting an IRA in a Trust

Before setting up a trust for an IRA, it’s important to consider whether it actually makes sense for your situation.

Here are some questions to weigh:

•   What are the goals of the trust, and specifically for the IRA assets?

•   Will you transfer other assets to the trust as well?

•   Which type of trust should you open?

•   Who will benefit from the trust itself?

•   What are the tax implications for beneficiaries?

•   Who is the best choice to act as executor?

It’s also important to factor in the cost of setting up and maintaining a trust. Doing it yourself could save you the expense of hiring an attorney, but that might not be an option if you have a complex estate.

Once the trust is created, there may be additional costs including any fees the executor is entitled to collect.

How Can You Put an IRA in a Trust?

As mentioned, you cannot transfer an IRA into a trust during your lifetime. To plan for a trust to be the beneficiary of an IRA, you’ll need to take the following steps.

1. Open an IRA

If you don’t already have a retirement account, opening an IRA is a good place to start. That’s easy to do, as many brokerages allow you to set up a traditional, Roth, SEP or SIMPLE IRA online. When deciding where to open an IRA, pay attention to:

•   The range of investment options offered

•   What you might pay in fees

•   How easily you’ll be able to access and manage your account (i.e., website, mobile app, etc.)

You can open an IRA with money from a savings account or rollover funds from another retirement account.

Recommended: A Beginner’s Guide to Opening an IRA

2. Establish a Trust

Once you have an IRA, you’ll need a trust to name as its beneficiary. You could create a simple living trust yourself using an online software program. Remember that the rules governing trusts vary depending on the state.

If you have a more complicated estate, you might want to work with an attorney.

Here are some of the key steps to establishing a trust:

•   Select the trust type. As mentioned, there are different types of trusts to choose from. If you’re unsure which one might be right for you, it may be helpful to talk to a professional.

•   Choose a trustee. Your trustee should be someone you can rely on to manage trust assets ethically. It’s possible to name yourself as the trustee in your lifetime, with one or more successor trustees to follow you.

•   Decide which assets to transfer. An IRA isn’t the only thing you might transfer to a trust. You’ll want to take some time to decide what other assets you’d like to include.

•   Set the rules. Again, you have control over what happens to trust assets. So as you create the trust you’ll need to decide what conditions, if any, to place on when beneficiaries can gain access to those assets.

3. Name Trust Beneficiaries

You’ll need to decide who to name as beneficiaries for the trust. Individuals you might name include:

•   Your spouse

•   Children

•   Siblings

•   Other relatives or family members

•   Charities or nonprofit organizations

Remember, these are the people who benefit from the trust directly. When naming beneficiaries, you can further specify which trust assets they will or won’t have access to, including IRA funds.

4. Fund the Trust

After creating the trust, you’ll need to fund it. Funding a trust simply means transferring assets into it.

Depending on the type of trust, you might choose to place real estate, land, antiques, collectibles, bank accounts, or investments under the control of the executor. Remember that once assets are transferred to an irrevocable trust you can’t change your mind later.

5. Name the Trust as Your IRA Beneficiary

Once you’ve established the trust and arranged to fund it, the final step is naming it as a beneficiary on your IRA account. Again, that might be as simple as logging in to your brokerage account to update your beneficiary choices. If you’re not sure how to change your IRA beneficiary to a trust, you can reach out to your brokerage for help.

Tax and Withdrawal Rules for Trust IRAs

When IRA money is held inside a trust, withdrawals may be taxable according to the type of trust it is. If money from IRA assets is distributed to beneficiaries of the trust, they’re responsible for paying any taxes due.

That said, in some cases the trust can assume responsibility for paying taxes on distributions, including elective and required minimum distributions, when required.

For example, say you set up a trust to hold your IRA assets, and specify that a beneficiary cannot receive distributions until age 30. In that scenario, the trust could take distributions from the IRA to pay expenses for the beneficiary and pay any tax owed on those distributions.

Qualified distributions from Roth IRAs are always tax free. IRA withdrawal rules dictate that early or non-qualified withdrawals from a traditional or Roth IRA can trigger a 10% tax penalty. Income tax may also be due on early distributions, unless an exception or exclusion applies. Unlike 401(k)s, IRAs do not allow for loans.

Pros and Cons of Putting an IRA in a Trust

If you have a trust already, then naming it as beneficiary of your IRA may not be that difficult. However, it’s important to consider what kind of advantages you may gain by setting up a trust if you don’t have one yet.
On the pro side, putting an IRA in a trust gives you more control over how your heirs use that money. It can also make it easier to create financial security for a special needs beneficiary. It can protect the assets from creditors.

However, it’s important to consider the cost and the level of effort required to set up a trust for an IRA. A trust may not be necessary if you don’t have a lot of other assets or wealth to pass on.

Pros

 Cons

•   Allows for greater control of trust assets, including IRA funds.

•   Can protect assets from creditors.

•   May make financial planning easier when you have a special needs beneficiary.

•   Setting up a trust for an IRA can be time-consuming and potentially costly.

•   IRA funds only transfer to the trust once you pass away.

•   May not be necessary if you have a simple estate.

The Takeaway

If you have assets in any type of IRA account (traditional, Roth, SEP, or SIMPLE), you can set up a trust so that the assets in the IRA can be transferred to the trust upon your death — and then distributed to beneficiaries according to your wishes.

Just as funding an IRA can help you save for retirement, bequeathing your IRA to a trust can protect your assets and perhaps add to the financial security of the person(s) who later inherits those funds.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What happens to an IRA in a trust?

When an IRA is placed in a trust, what really happens is that the trust becomes the beneficiary of the IRA. After your death, the assets are then managed by a trustee according to the direction of the trust creator. The beneficiaries of the trust can access IRA assets, but only according to the instructions specified by the trust document. Beneficiaries of the trust can include spouses, children, or other family members, as well as charities and nonprofits.

Why put an IRA in a trust?

Naming a trust as the beneficiary of an IRA could be the right move if you’d like to have more control over how your beneficiaries access those assets. You may also set up a trust for an IRA if you have a special needs beneficiary, you want to protect those assets from creditors, or you want all of your estate assets to be held in the same place.

How is an IRA taxed in a trust?

IRA tax rules still apply when assets are held in a trust. The difference is that the trust, not the trust beneficiaries, are responsible for any resulting tax liability associated with earnings from IRA assets. Once the trust distributes income from an IRA to beneficiaries, they become responsible for paying any taxes owed on earnings.

Photo credit: iStock/Milan Markovic

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