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There are many steps to the homebuying process. If you’re taking out an FHA loan (a loan backed by the Federal Housing Authority) to buy a property, you’ll most likely need to get an appraisal to verify the value and condition of the home. Let’s take a closer look at how FHA appraisals work, what to expect, and how to prepare as a homebuyer.

Understanding FHA Appraisals

An FHA loan appraisal is an in-person assessment performed by an accredited appraiser. The purpose of the appraisal is to evaluate how much a house is worth and determine if it meets minimum safety and livability standards. The appraisal is sent to the lender for further evaluation before a FHA loan can be approved. FHA appraisals are typically required whether the borrower is buying or refinancing a home with an FHA loan.


💡 Quick Tip: Don’t have a lot of cash on hand for a down payment? The minimum down payment for an FHA mortgage loan is as low as 3.5%.1

Differences Between FHA and Conventional Appraisal

Whether a borrower is seeking an FHA loan or a conventional loan, an appraisal estimates the fair market value of a home based on the property condition and nearby home values. But FHA loans must meet the minimum standards set by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). This means that FHA appraisals also consider the health and safety of the property, while conventional appraisals focus on the property’s value and condition. FHA lenders may require that any health and safety hazards be addressed before approving the mortgage.

Role of FHA Appraiser and Their Requirements

FHA appraisers follow HUD guidelines for minimum property standards. During the appraisal, they analyze and report a property’s physical and economic characteristics to provide an opinion of its value. HUD requires FHA appraisers to have state certification and meet the minimum certification criteria issued by the Appraiser Qualification Board.

How Do FHA Appraisals Work?

An FHA loan appraisal involves two steps. The appraiser will complete a site visit to inspect the property condition and perform market research for comparable homes in the area to estimate the market value of the home.

The appraiser will inspect the home’s interior and exterior to determine the property’s safety and soundness. The appraiser’s findings, plus information on the home like square footage and the year it was built, are cataloged in HUD’s Uniform Residential Appraisal Report.

To estimate the property’s value, the appraiser evaluates the selling prices for comparable homes in the same area that were recently sold. This information, combined with the property’s condition and characteristics, is used to estimate the market value.

Recommended: The Ultimate Home Inspection Checklist

What’s the Purpose of an FHA Appraisal?

FHA appraisals are required by lenders to ensure that the loan amount doesn’t exceed the market value of the property. The appraisal process is also used to determine that a property meets FHA standards for health and safety.

Differences Between Appraisal vs. Home Inspection

The appraiser only factors in readily observable conditions. A home inspection, by comparison, is much more in-depth in its assessment of a property’s need for repairs.

Besides the property value, the criteria evaluated during an FHA appraisal include the safety, security, and soundness of a home. In other words, the home should be safe for occupants to inhabit, protect the security of the property, and not have physical deficiencies or conditions impacting the structural integrity and ability to market it for future sale.

Appraisers are required to describe the property conditions, including any renovations, necessary repairs, or deterioration. Minor issues, such as missing handrails, cracked windows, or worn countertops, do not require automatic repair.

Safety and Structural Standards

In terms of occupant health and safety, the FHA appraisal looks out for exposure to hazardous materials, such as lead paint and asbestos. Mold, radon gas, and poor insulation are other potential safety risks that would be flagged in an appraisal. The overall property structure needs to be in sufficient condition to keep occupants safe. This means that damage to the foundation, structural decay, or anything that impacts the long-term integrity of the home would not meet FHA requirements.

Compliance with Minimum Property Standards (MPS)

FHA appraisals follow the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) set by HUD. The MPS establishes baseline conditions to cover aspects of a property that aren’t met by model building codes. For example, the MPS covers doors, gutters, and wall coverings to ensure the property value is not impacted by the quality of these components.

What to Expect from an FHA Appraisal

Being prepared for an FHA appraisal can help streamline the loan application and homebuying process. Here’s what to expect from an FHA appraisal:

Appraisal Timeline and Duration

The duration of an FHA appraisal site visit varies by property size and condition, but plan for it to take between one and several hours to complete. The full appraisal report is usually complete within a week.

Common Issues That Can Affect the Appraisal Outcome

There are a number of issues and property conditions that the FHA requires to be remedied for loan approval. Some common issues include:

•   Roof condition or damage

•   Exposed wires

•   Water heater temperature and pressure relief valve

•   Damaged foundation

•   Peeling paint (for homes built before 1978)

Conditions That Won’t Pass FHA Inspection

It’s important to know what won’t pass the FHA inspection. Any property conditions that impact the safety and health of occupants could need to be addressed in order to get FHA loan approval. Besides the common issues outlined above, hazards, nuisances, and obstructions to property access could fail to pass FHA inspection. For example, the level of traffic or proximity to a hazardous waste site could violate FHA standards.

Factors That Can Affect Property Valuation

Property valuation accounts for the home condition, square footage, any renovations, and the number of bedrooms and bathrooms. The appraiser must observe neighborhood characteristics and surrounding properties to make determinations that will be incorporated into the valuation of the property.

FHA Inspection Checklist and Tips

Sellers can plan ahead and fix what won’t pass FHA inspection to avoid delays and improve the marketability of their home. Here’s how to address some common issues that could cause a property to fail an FHA appraisal.

•   Roof repair: Fix leaks and consider a new roof if life expectancy is less than three years.

•   Chipped or peeling paint: Scrape and repaint peeling surfaces if property was built prior to 1979.

•   Water heater: Ensure the water heater has a pressure and temperature relief valve and sufficient piping.

•   Plumbing: Repair all toilets, showers, and sinks that aren’t in working order as leaky plumbing won’t pass FHA inspection.

Both the inspection and the home’s appraised value are critical to FHA loan approval. Sellers and their real estate agents are permitted to communicate with an appraiser to offer additional property information that can contribute to the valuation of the home. Gathering documentation beforehand on any home improvements can ensure the appraiser has everything needed for an accurate valuation.

Recommended: What Are the Most Common Home Repair Costs?

What Happens After an FHA Appraisal?

The FHA appraisal report will provide the estimated market value and outline any required repairs or alterations that need to be completed for FHA loan approval.

What to Do if the Home Sale Appraisal Comes Back Low

If an FHA appraisal comes back low, there are several possible scenarios. The seller can lower the sale price to accommodate the appraised value. Alternatively, the buyer can renegotiate to lower the price and potentially contribute a larger down payment to cover the portion of the home price that is not covered by the FHA loan. As a last resort, a buyer would be permitted to walk away from the deal if the FHA lender’s requirements can’t be met.

What to Do if the Refinance Appraisal Comes Back Low

If refinancing with a FHA loan and the appraisal comes back low, there are a few courses of action available to borrowers. First, review the appraisal report to see if an appraiser missed anything important. If so, providing the correct information to get another appraisal could result in a higher appraised value.

If disputing the appraisal isn’t an option or successful, borrowers can consider restructuring the loan to take less cash out. Finally, the loan can be denied if the terms are not beneficial to the borrower.

What to Do if the Appraiser Requests Further Repairs

The appraisal may identify repairs that need to be completed to close on the loan. Unless otherwise outlined in the purchase and sale agreement, sellers are typically on the hook for repairs. The sellers have up to 120 days to make necessary repairs and meet FHA standards if required by a lender.

Alternatively, buyers can pay for the repairs themselves. If the issues impact the health, safety, and livability of the property, they’ll need to be completed prior to closing. Other non-safety repairs can be completed after closing. Note that delayed repairs may require an extra escrow holdback for the estimated costs.

Once repairs and issues have been addressed, the property can be reassessed. Borrowers can consider a FHA 203(k) loan to finance both the purchase and rehabilitation costs through a single loan if the repairs are an obstacle to closing. Buyers might consider renegotiating their offer to reflect the repair costs being financed.

If appraisal-related issues are delaying closing, buyers can consider a mortgage rate lock to secure their interest rate for a set period. This can help buy more time for repairs to be made without losing out on favorable loan terms.

What to Do if the Appraisal Comes Back at or Higher Than the Expected Amount

The loan simply moves forward if the appraisal comes back at or higher than the expected amount, barring any request for further repairs.

How Long Is an FHA Appraisal Good For?

FHA appraisals are valid for 180 days unless it’s updated. If updated, an appraisal can be good for up to one year.

Recommended: 2024 FHA Loan Closing Cost Calculator

Impact of FHA Appraisal on Loan Approval

The FHA appraisal influences loan approval in two key ways. First, the appraisal evaluates the property condition and identifies if any repairs or further inspections are required for loan approval. Second, the appraised value determines the total loan amount a buyer is approved for. If the appraised value is lower than the purchase price on the contract, either a price reduction or larger down payment could fill the gap to get loan approval.

How Long Do You Have After Appraisal to Close an FHA Loan?

Repairs aside, how long can you wait after the appraisal to close on an FHA loan? It helps to understand how long an FHA appraisal is good for. Once the borrower and lender receive a copy of the FHA appraisal, it’s valid for 120 days. However, borrowers can request a 30-day extension to allow more time to close on a FHA loan.

A conditional approval from the lender will outline the required repairs to be made in order to close. After the appraisal is approved in underwriting, the loan will most likely be cleared to close. Prior to closing, borrowers will receive a mortgage closing disclosure which outlines the total funds needed to close.


💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

The Takeaway

FHA appraisals estimate a property’s value and assess its condition to determine if it meets safety and livability standards set by HUD. Understanding the conditions and issues that won’t pass FHA inspection is important for buyers and sellers alike.

SoFi offers a wide range of FHA loan options that are easier to qualify for and may have a lower interest rate than a conventional mortgage. You can down as little as 3.5%. Plus, the Biden-Harris Administration has reduced monthly mortgage insurance premiums for new homebuyers to help offset higher interest rates.

Another perk: FHA loans are assumable mortgages!

FAQ

How does the appraised value affect the loan amount?

With FHA loans, the appraised value of the property determines the loan amount a borrower can qualify for.

Can you contest an FHA appraisal?

Yes, you can contest an FHA appraisal and provide additional information to inform the property valuation. However, there’s no guarantee that the appraiser will change the valuation.

What happens if the property doesn’t meet FHA requirements?

If a property doesn’t meet FHA requirements, buyers can ask the seller to make the necessary repairs. Alternatively, buyers can consider other types of home loans, such as a conventional mortgage.

Photo credit: iStock/valentinrussanov

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

^¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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When you start paying for your own food in college, one of the biggest shocks is just how expensive it can be — especially these days, thanks to high inflation. But what if you could save money in college without settling for boring boxed mac and cheese? While it can be a challenge to keep up the same standard of living as when you were living at home, you don’t have to completely alter your lifestyle. What follows are some essential shopping and dining hacks that will help you eat well during your student years without breaking the bank.

How Much Do College Students Spend on Food?

When you consider how much college students spend on food these days, it’s easy to see why you may be chronically short on cash. The average cost of food per month for a college student is $670, according to the Education Data Initiative. To break that number down further: Students spend, on average, $410 a month eating off-campus and $260 a month on meals cooked at home.

Of course, how much a student spends on food in college will depend on where they go to school (prices are higher in New York City than Florence, Alabama, for example), and how much they eat out versus cook at home. You might spend significantly more than the average, or you may be able to get away with spending a lot less.


💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

11 Ways to Save Money on Food in College

Despite rising food costs, there are ways to cut your food bill and still eat well. What follows are 11 tips for how to save money on food in college.

1. Plan Out Your Meals

Living on a budget and saving money in college comes down to good planning. Once a week (maybe Sunday morning), sit down and decide what meals you’ll eat during the week. There are a lot of meal-prepping and budget recipe blogs online that can give you ideas. Once you know exactly what you’ll be cooking, you can come up with a detailed grocery list of everything you’ll need. As long as you don’t stray from the list, and you won’t end up exceeding your college student grocery budget.

Of course, things may come up at the last minute, but do your best to work your way through the meal plan.

2. Create a Food Budget

Learning how to budget in college is a critical part of having an independent and successful college experience. Here’s how to come up with a college student grocery budget:

•   Add up your total monthly income. Include any money coming in from a part-time job, parental support, loans, and other financial aid.

•   Subtract your essential living expenses. For example, this might include housing, utilities, internet, transportation (such as gas, train tickets and bus fares), and insurance (such as health, rental and auto).

•   Decide on a maximum college student food budget. Based on your findings, decide how much you can realistically spend on food each week, including groceries and eating out.

•   Track your food spending. To make sure your food spending stays within budget, you might start tracking your food spending with an app on your phone. Some budgeting apps, like YNAB (You Need A Budget) are free for college students; others, like Goodbudget, EveryDollar, and PocketGuard, offer a free basic plan.

3. Set a Limit on Dining Out

Eating out is the biggest monthly food expense for college students without a campus meal plan, running around $102 per week, according to the Education Data Initiative.

Even grabbing coffee on (or off) campus every morning can add up — just one Starubcks tall drip coffee ($1.85) a day costs $462.50 a year. If you brew your own ($0.62 per cup; $155.00 per year), you can save $307.50.

That doesn’t mean you can never go out for meals and treats. You might choose to eat out with friends on Saturday nights, for example, or grab a special coffee drink on Sunday mornings.

Recommended: 10 Money Management Tips for College Students

4. Start Couponing

It may sound old school but using coupons can help you spend significantly less on groceries in college. You might start by signing up for your favorite store’s loyalty program. This will give you access to digital, store-sponsored deals. Then stack up more deals by clipping coupons from the weekly circular in the mail, and saving them for your next grocery run. Before you hit the store, go online: You can often find good coupons at sites like Coupons.com, Redplum.com, TheKrazyKouponLady.com, and SmartSource.com. It’s also worth checking manufacturer’s websites for offers on items you buy regularly.

5. Buy Generic or Store Brands

Reaching for a popular brand of food generally means spending more money. To grocery shop on a budget, consider going with the item’s generic or store brand counterpart. Consider: At Target, a 20-ounce bottle of Heinz ketchup runs $5.49, while the store brand equivalent is $1.59. While shaving a few dollars off your bill may not seem like much, saving a few extra bucks on 20 items can add up.

Also keep in mind that many generic products are manufactured in the same factories as your favorite name-brand products. Some generic products are, in fact, exactly the same as name-brands but with a lower price tag.

6. Buy in Bulk

Some foods cost significantly less when purchased in larger quantities. And you can take advantage of bulk pricing even if you are shopping for one — just freeze what you don’t need. For example, if you see a two-for-one deal on bread, cheese, or meat, take advantage of the savings and freeze the extra item. You can also cash in on bulk savings for items that last longer, such as cereals, oatmeal, rice, and pasta. This tip for saving money on food can also lead to fewer trips to the store, saving transportation costs (and time).

7. Learn How to Cook Healthy, Budget-Friendly Meals

Buying a box of ramen for a couple of bucks may seem like the cheapest meal for college students, but it could end up costing you in the end. It doesn’t have much nutritional value and likely won’t fill you up, so you may end up eating more. A better strategy: Learn how to cook a few simple, healthy meals that focus on veggies and whole grains and make (costlier) lean meat the “side.”

You can also lower your grocery bill by buying in-season (or frozen) produce, and adding meatless Monday to your calendar. Cheaper protein substitutes include beans, tofu, and lentils.

8. Download Apps That Offer Cash Back on Groceries

When you’re searching for ways to save money on food in college, don’t forget about all the rebate apps out there. While these apps don’t give you a discount up front (like a traditional coupon), they offer cash back for buying groceries, which can add up to a significant sum over time. You can typically register with these services for free. Depending on the app, you may need to link a loyalty card or submit receipts to receive a rebate. Some to check out:

•   Ibotta

•   Receipt Hog

•   Checkout 51

•   Fetch Rewards

•   Rakuten

Recommended: What Are Cash-Back Rewards and How Do They Work?

9. Consider Buying a College Meal Plan

Generally, students will save money by declining the meal plan and making most of their meals at home. However, that’s not the case for everyone. Off-campus dining can add up quickly. So if you tend to eat out a lot and don’t enjoy cooking, a campus meal plan could potentially be a better deal. You might opt for the lowest plan (such as seven meals per week) and then use your swipe for the most expensive meal of the day.

Another dining hall hack that can help you save on food: Bring a plastic container with you and pack up your leftovers and unused napkins that you already took (you paid for it and it will only end up in the garage.)


💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.

10. Find Free Food

While it’s not something you can rely on every day, you’d be surprised at how much free food is available on campus. School groups, clubs, and organizations will often offer free food to students as a way to draw a larger crowd to their public events. Browse community boards, event flyers, and your school’s newspaper or website to learn about special events offering free food. This is one of the easiest ways to save money on food in college.

Recommended: How to Get Involved on Campus in College

11. Maximize Your Leftovers

It’s not always easy, or cost-effective, to cook for one, so you may want to cook more than you need. This means leftovers, which can help you save money on meals later in the week. While it may sound boring, you can get creative with leftovers. Making chicken one night? Shred the leftovers, add some salsa and toss it on a tortilla for lunch the next day. Or, mix it up with a little mayo for chicken salad. Leftover veggies, rice, quinoa, beans, meat, and/or seeds can all come together for a tasty Buddha bowl.

Just keep in mind that leftovers can typically be kept for three to four days in the refrigerator, according to the Mayo Clinic. After that, the risk of food poisoning goes up. If you don’t think you’ll finish leftovers within four days, freeze them right away.

The Takeaway

Food is expensive but that doesn’t mean you can’t eat well on a student budget. The key is to plan ahead; get comfortable with a few low-cost, healthy (and easy) recipes; maximize leftovers; and minimize eating out.

Also keep in mind that student loans, both federal or private, can be used to cover not just the cost of tuition and fees but also living expenses, and that includes groceries and food. If an expense is essential to your educational success — meaning it supports your basic daily needs or attendance at school — it’s likely a permissible use of student loan funds.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Is it cheaper to buy your own food in college?

It’s generally cheaper to buy groceries and cook at home than to sign up for the college meal plan. However, that’s not necessarily true for every student. Off-campus dining can add up quickly. So if you tend to eat out a lot and don’t like to cook, a campus meal plan could potentially cost less than buying your own food.

How much should a college student spend on groceries a month?

It depends on your budget and the cost of food in your area. On average, college students spend $670 on food per month. That includes eating off-campus ($410) and meals cooked at home ($260).

What percent of college students eat out?

College students spend, on average, $102 a week eating off-campus, according to the Education Data Initiative. They tend to eat a little over 20% of their meals out.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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A home that’s for sale by owner opens the door for you to buy the property without a middleman — though you may choose to use your own real estate agent to facilitate the transaction. A for-sale-by-owner deal can differ from a typical real estate transaction in a few important ways, so study this guide before you start perusing listings.

Buying a House for Sale by Owner

When homeowners choose the FSBO (“fizz-bo”) route, they take on all of the responsibilities real estate agents would typically shoulder in the homebuying process, from listing the house and showing it to negotiating and closing the deal.

The main motivation for doing so is often cash. Sellers who go it alone can save money on the real estate commission fee. If neither side uses an agent, the deal sidesteps the typical 5% to 6% the seller would typically pay in commissions.

On the buyer’s side there can be a number of benefits of buying a house for sale by owner. First of all, the lack of a listing agent means you have more direct contact with the seller, which might give you more negotiating power. The seller will also likely have detailed knowledge of the house and neighborhood, which can be a bonus as you decide whether or not you want the property.

However, you may run into some pitfalls with FSBO properties. A seller may love her home and overprice it, potentially complicating matters when you get an appraisal.


💡 Quick Tip: SoFi’s Lock and Look ⁺ feature allows you to lock in a low mortgage financing rate for 90 days while you search for the perfect place to call home.

Using a Buyer’s Real Estate Agent

The home’s seller may not want to use a listing agent, but you can still engage the services of a buyer’s agent. You may already be working with an agent who can contact a FSBO seller for you. Or you may need to look for an agent who is willing to take on the job.

In some cases, buyer’s agents may be hesitant to work on a FSBO property. They may be wary of taking on extra liability, or extra work for which they will not necessarily be compensated.

That said, a buyer’s agent can negotiate the sale on your behalf and walk you through the complicated paperwork. If the seller is putting the contract together, your agent can also check the work to make sure you don’t run into any problems.

Sellers typically pay the agent commission. Just be sure the seller agrees to pay the buyer’s agent commission in the purchase agreement or be prepared to factor it into your own expenses.

Here’s what to expect in the FSBO buying process.

Shopping for a Mortgage

Before making an offer on a home, it’s a good idea to shop for a mortgage to get an idea of the terms different lenders offer and how much you are likely to pay each month.

A mortgage calculator can help you understand how down payments of various sizes will affect the numbers. And you may consider getting preapproved for a mortgage to see exactly how much you can afford to spend.

In an FSBO situation, homeowners may have no experience with the home financing process, and getting prequalified or preapproved for a home loan may remove some roadblocks on your path to making a purchase.

Viewing the Home

Your agent can contact the seller and set up an appointment to view the home. When you visit, be on the lookout for sagging floors or cracks in walls that might indicate structural issues. Test windows. Look for water damage on ceilings or walls that may be a sign of a leaky roof.

Since the seller will most likely be showing the house, take this opportunity to get as much detail about the home’s history as possible. What repairs have been made recently, and which ones haven’t been made in a while? It’s smart to ask about any warranties, and to be sure they will remain after a sale.

Recommended: What to Look for When Buying a House

Getting an Inspection

When buying a home for sale by owner, it’s not in your best interests to skip an inspection. Home inspectors go over the house with a fine-toothed comb, looking at structure, plumbing, electricity, and appliances to see whether they need repair now or in the near future. (This home inspection checklist shows you what should be covered.)

If the inspector finds any problems, you can ask the seller to fix them, credit you the cost of repairs, or reduce the sales price. If you’ve already signed a purchase agreement, severe problems found during an inspection can be a reason to pull out of the contract.

Negotiating a Sale Yourself

If you decide not to use a buyer’s agent, you and the seller will have to negotiate the sale and write up the purchase contract yourself. You may also choose to hire a transactional agent or attorney who can help you write the contract and ensure it is done legally and in a way that protects your rights. If you do decide to go it alone, below are a few things to keep in mind.

Recommended: How to Buy a House Without a Realtor

Making an Offer

Before making an offer on a house, check comparable properties in the neighborhood and see if the listing price is reasonable. Doing so can help you pin down what a reasonable offer is.

Consider offering less than the listing price. The seller may ask you to come up in the asking price, but if you start too high, it’s difficult to negotiate down again. You can use the neighborhood comps you’ve researched as a negotiating tool.

Including Contingencies

Contingencies are certain conditions that must be met in order to close the deal. Some common contingencies are a satisfactory home inspection and property valuation, also known as an appraisal. If a home is appraised at less than the agreed-upon price, a lender may be unwilling to loan the buyer the money. In that case, the appraisal contingency can be an opportunity to negotiate the sales price.

A clear title is another common contingency. The title is a document that shows who has owned and now owns the home. The title company will make sure there are no liens or disputes associated with the property. If there are unresolvable issues, the clear-title contingency gives the buyer a way out of the contract.

Negotiating Fees

It can’t hurt to ask for seller concessions, closing costs that the seller agrees to pay. A seller may agree to help pay for property taxes, attorney fees, appraisal inspections, and the like. Even in a seller’s market, if the property has been sitting, possibly because the price was too high, a seller may offer a financial incentive to move the home.

Putting Earnest Money in Escrow

Your earnest money deposit is the money you submit with your offer to demonstrate your serious intent to buy.

The listing agent would usually put this money into escrow. But if you’re going it alone, it’s a good idea to engage a title company or escrow company to hold the money for you until the sale goes through.

If you give the money directly to the seller, they may refuse to give it back to you if a contingency causes the deal to fall through, which could mean suing to retrieve your cash.

Determining When You’ll Get Possession

Be sure your purchase agreement specifies when you will take possession of the new house and receive the keys. Possession may take place immediately after closing, or the contract may give the seller time to move.


💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.

The Takeaway

Buying a house for sale by owner can come with challenges and opportunities. It may make sense to engage a professional real estate attorney to help you negotiate and deal with the documents. Another option is to engage a buyer’s real estate agent who can help safeguard your interests.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

⁺Lock and Look program: Terms and conditions apply. Applies to conventional purchase loans only. Rate will lock for 91 calendar days at the time of preapproval. An executed purchase contract is required within 60 days of your initial rate lock. If current market pricing improves by 0.25 percentage points or more from the original locked rate, you may request your loan officer to review your loan application to determine if you qualify for a one-time float down. SoFi reserves the right to change or terminate this offer at any time with or without notice to you.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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If your monthly mortgage payment no longer fits your lifestyle or financial goals, you may be able to change it with mortgage refinancing or recasting. Recasting and refinancing are two ways a borrower can save on mortgage costs — sometimes a jaw-dropping amount. To understand which might be best for you, it helps to understand the difference between them and the pros and cons of each.

Recasting vs Refinancing

Recasting is the reamortizing of an existing mortgage, meaning the lender will recalculate your monthly payments. Refinancing involves taking out a completely new mortgage with a new rate, and possibly a new term, and paying off your old mortgage in the process.

Note: SoFi does not offer mortgage recasting at this time.

Recasting

If your lender offers mortgage recasting and your loan is eligible, here’s how it works: You make a large lump-sum payment — $10,000 might be required — toward the principal balance of your mortgage loan. The lender recalculates the monthly payments based on the new, lower balance, which shrinks the payments. The lender may charge a few hundred dollars to reamortize the loan.

Mortgage recasting does not change your loan length or interest rate. But because your principal amount is lower, you’ll have lower monthly payments and will pay less interest over the life of the loan.

If you were to put a chunk of money toward your mortgage principal and not recast the loan, your payments would not change, though the extra principal payment would reduce your interest expense over the life of the loan.

Who might opt for mortgage recasting? Someone who has received a windfall and wants to put it toward the mortgage might like this option. Sometimes it’s someone who has bought a new home but hasn’t sold the previous one. Once the old home is sold, the homeowner can use some of the proceeds to recast the new mortgage.

Another fan of recasting might be someone who wants to use the lump sum to pay their loan down to 80% of the home’s value so they can stop paying for private mortgage insurance (PMI).

FHA, VA, and USDA loans are not eligible for mortgage recasting. Some jumbo loans are also excluded. If you want to change the monthly payments on those types of mortgages, you’ll need to refinance your loan.

Refinancing

When you seek refinancing, you’re applying for a brand-new loan with a new rate and terms and possibly from a new lender. Most people’s goal is a lower interest rate, a shorter loan term, or both.

While finding a competitive offer might take some legwork, refinancing could help you save money. A lower interest rate for a home loan of the same length will reduce monthly payments and the total amount of interest paid over the life of the loan.

A homeowner who refinances to a shorter term, say from 30 years to 15, will pay much less total loan interest. Fifteen-year mortgages also often come with a lower interest rate than 30-year home loans.

Equity-rich homeowners who’d like to get their hands on cash may find cash-out refinancing appealing.


💡 Quick Tip: Lowering your monthly payments with a mortgage refinance from SoFi can help you find money to pay down other debt, build your rainy-day fund, or put more into your 401(k).

Pros and Cons of Recasting

Mortgage recasting lowers your monthly mortgage payments and lets you save on total loan interest while keeping the same interest rate. Since you recast your mortgage with your existing lender, the process is pretty straightforward, and the cost could be as low as $150.

There are some potential drawbacks to mortgage recasting, however. Making a large lump-sum payment means you could be trading liquidity for equity, and creating financial instability if unexpected expenses arise or if the housing market takes a downward turn.

If you have other debts with higher interest rates, you may want to avoid mortgage recasting. It could make more sense to use the money you would put toward the principal to pay down your higher-interest debt first.

“No matter what method works best for you, it’s important to cut spending as much as you can while you’re tackling your debts,” said Kendall Meade, a Certified Financial Planner at SoFi.

Recommended: Cash-Out Refinance vs HELOC

Pros and Cons of Refinancing

If you are eligible to refinance, you won’t need a large cash source in order to lower your mortgage payments. Instead, your main goal is to qualify for a lower interest rate. If you succeed, you will save a lot of money in interest over time.

With a cash-out refi, you can use that money for whatever you need: pay down higher-interest debt, add to the college fund, or remodel your kitchen.

Refinancing involves what looks like a bummer: closing costs, which could range from 2% to 6% of the remaining principal. You’re taking out a new mortgage, after all. Some lenders will let you roll closing costs into your loan.

A lower rate could make it all worthwhile, though. It’s a good idea to calculate the break-even point, when interest savings will exceed closing costs. Everything beyond that break-even point will be savings.

Reducing your loan term with a refi could result in a higher mortgage payment but tremendous interest savings over the life of the new loan.

Refinancing may make sense for homeowners who are planning to stay put for years; those who want to switch their adjustable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate one; and borrowers with FHA loans who want to shed mortgage insurance premiums (MIP), on a loan they’ve paid down or a home that has appreciated. Most FHA loans carry mortgage insurance for the life of the loan.

No matter the home financing topic, find a lender willing to provide transparent answers to your mortgage questions.


💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.

The Takeaway

A mortgage recast vs. refinance: different animals with similar aims. A recast requires a lump sum but will shrink payments and total loan interest. A mortgage refinance may greatly reduce borrower costs and sometimes free up cash. Which one is right for you will depend on your current loan terms and your available cash, among other factors.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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When you’re in school, it can seem like all your money is going toward tuition and books. Still, it’s essential to learn how to budget as a college student.

You may not have a full-time job yet, or even know your major, but managing your money early on could help you save for spring break, uncover monthly savings, and avoid taking out additional student loans.

Here’s how to get started.

4 Steps to Create a Budget in College

Step 1: Calculate Your Income

When it comes to budgeting in college, a good first step is figuring out how much money you actually have to spend. To do this, add up your income. This may include student loans, scholarships, a part-time job, or contributions from your family.

It’s a smart idea to revisit your income regularly, such as at the start of each term. That way, if you’ve switched jobs, had a change in your financial aid package, or received a windfall from your parents, you can adjust the budget accordingly.


💡 Quick Tip: SoFi offers low fixed- or variable-interest rates. So you can get a private student loan that fits your budget.

Step 2: List Your Expenses

If you’re new to learning how to budget as a college student, there’s a little homework involved in figuring out your spending habits. If you’re game for this task, take an evening to list all of your college-related expenses and their cost each month. Then categorize each expense as either “necessary” or “fun.”

Necessary expenses are essentials, like rent, utilities, books, tuition, food, and gas. Fun expenses are related to entertainment — think dining out, bar tabs, tickets to athletic games, travel, or clothes.

You may also want to consider making room in the budget to build your savings. Double-check if any of your student loans have interest that needs to be paid immediately. Even if interest payments are deferred, it’s smart to start paying down student loan debt now. After all, every little bit helps.

Step 3: Choose a Budgeting Method

There’s no one-size-fit-all approach to budgeting for college students, and it may take some trial and error before you find the type that works for you. Here are some popular budgeting methods you may want to explore:

50/30/20 Budget

In the 50/30/20 budget, you allocate 50% of your after-tax dollars to “needs,” 30% to “wants,” and the remaining 20% to savings.

Recommended: See how your money is categorized using the 50/30/20 rule calculator.

The 70% Rule

The 70% Rule is similar to the 50/30/20 budget. Here, you allocate 70% of your after-tax income to living expenses, 20% to paying down debt or — if you have no debt — to savings, and 10% to whatever you wish.

Zero-Sum Budget

The goal of a zero-sum budget is to assign a purpose to all of your monthly after-tax income. Start by assigning dollars to each of your required bills, like rent, groceries, or student loan payments. Then figure out how much is left over for discretionary spending and saving, and assign where exactly that money is going.

Pay Yourself First

The premise of “pay yourself first” is simple: Assign money for savings or other financial goals, and spend the remaining money however you wish.

Envelope Budget

Each month, take out a set amount of cash to spend in each budget category, such as “groceries” or “transportation.” The money is stored separately in different envelopes, which you draw from when needed. (You can also adapt this budgeting method to use your debit card — just be sure to keep track of your spending.)

Line-Item Budget

A line-item budget can help you keep track of monthly expenditures. Using a spreadsheet or a pencil and paper, simply list your income for the month (or school term, if you’d prefer). Then, list each expense you have during the month. This allows you to see your income and cash that’s flowing out. If you’d like to see how your current spending stacks up, you can include a list of past expenses.

Shared Cost Splitting

If you have a roommate or are living with a partner, you split shared monthly bills right down the middle (or whatever percentage you both agree on). Each person pays their part.

Need help keeping track of your finances? Online tools like a free budget planning app might come in handy.

Step 4: Set Up a System to Track Your Budget

There are at least three good ways to help you budget in college:

•   Whiteboards

•   Budget-tracking apps

•   Spreadsheets

All three methods work similarly. You’ll record your income and expenses for the month. At the end of the month, you’ll look back on how much you brought in and how much you spent so you can make adjustments for the next month.

A whiteboard works particularly well if you have roommates and split your bills. It helps keep everyone accountable and serves as a good reminder to pay your bills on time. In the whiteboard scenario, you can record what you spent for the day, and update your totals every day. It’s best to put the whiteboard in a spot where you can see it, such as by your desk or on the fridge.

A budget-tracking app on your phone lets you take your budget on the go. Budget apps can link to your bank and credit card accounts, so every time you make a transaction, the app automatically records it.

You can set up your budget by adding new categories, and maybe allow notifications so you get a warning when you’re close to going over on your burrito budget.

You can also learn how to budget in college by making a simple spreadsheet. Build a virtual spreadsheet with Google Sheets or Excel, using a new tab for each month in the year so you can separate monthly expenses.

This method is more manual than an app, requiring you to look at your bank or credit card statements and manually record each transaction in your budget.

Tips for Sticking to Your College Budget

Managing your money as a college student doesn’t have to be overly complicated. Here are some ways you can live within your means:

•   Build a financial cushion into your budget.

•   Start an emergency fund.

•   Overestimate your expenses — and underestimate your income.

•   Take advantage of free events in your area.

•   Save on food by cooking your own meals.

•   Set financial goals each month or school term to help you stay focused and motivated.

💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.

The Takeaway

If you’re in school and are new to taking financial ownership, you might not know how to track income and expenditures — or want to. But learning how to budget money in college could help you afford to eat more than ramen, lessen debt, and maybe even spot ways to save money.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

How do I set up a basic budget?

To create a basic college student budget, start by listing all your sources of income, including financial aid, earnings from a part-time job, and family contributions. You can divide this amount by the number of months you need to make the money last; this is how much you have to live on each month. Next, write down all your necessary expenses, such as rent, transportation, and groceries. Subtract your fixed expenses from the monthly spending allotment. Whatever is left over can be used to cover non-essential expenses, like dining out, travel, and buying clothes.

What is a 50/30/20 budget for college students?

In this type of budget, you assign 50% of your after-tax dollars to fixed expenses, such as rent, food, utilities, insurance, and car and student loan payments. Next, allocate 30% of your money to variable expenses, like travel, dining out, and entertainment. Finally, set aside the remaining 20% to savings.

What tools can college students use to manage their budget?

There is no shortage of options when it comes to tools to manage a budget. A budgeting app, spreadsheet, or even a pen and paper can all do the trick. Your bank may also offer budgeting tools.

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*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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