Financial Topics Archives

Jun

2025

ETFs vs Mutual Funds: Learning the Difference

By Samuel Becker | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | No Comments

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and mutual funds are both SEC-registered investment vehicles that offer investors a convenient way to build a diversified portfolio. Both are professionally managed and offer investors slices of the portfolio. Both can hold hundreds or thousands of securities. Both are not FDIC insured, which means an investor can lose their money.

For decades, ETFs and mutual funds have provided retail and institutional investors an efficient way to invest in stocks, bonds and other asset classes. Yet there are key differences.

Key Points

• ETFs trade on exchanges throughout the day, while mutual funds transact once daily at the closing price.

• ETFs disclose holdings daily, whereas mutual funds report total value daily.

• ETFs usually have lower fees compared to mutual funds, which may have higher fees.

• ETFs typically require a lower initial investment, mutual funds often need a higher initial investment.

• ETFs are generally more tax-efficient due to the unique structure of these funds.

Differences Between ETFs and Mutual Funds

While there are plenty of similarities between ETFs and mutual funds, let’s start with some key differences.

How to Buy Mutual Funds and ETFs

The biggest difference between mutual funds and ETFs is how they’re purchased and sold. Mutual funds transact once per day, with all investors selling or buying shares at the same closing price. ETFs trade throughout the day on public exchanges, with many shares exchanging hands at various prices as buyers and sellers react to changes in the market.

Data on Holdings

Mutual funds are required to report the total value of their portfolio once per day after the stock markets close. The fund then figures out how many shares they have and what each share is worth based on the total value. This is what is referred to in the industry as the Net Asset Value, or NAV. When investors buy or sell a share of the mutual fund, they transact at that NAV at the end of the day.

Meanwhile, ETFs have to report their holdings on a daily basis. The price of the ETF fluctuates throughout the day based on market conditions and the value of the ETF’s underlying holdings.

Passive vs Active

ETFs tend to be considered “passive investments.” That’s because investors are not necessarily making active trades but rather tracking an underlying index. However, actively managed ETFs have also cropped up, since the first ETF was launched in 1993.

Meanwhile, with mutual funds, it’s common to find an active fund manager who makes decisions on which holdings to buy and sell.

Fee Differences Between ETFs vs Mutual Funds

Mutual funds tend to charge different types of fees to cover their business costs. ETFs generally charge lower fees. Compared to active investing, passive investing usually incurs lower fees since they track a particular index, like the S&P 500 Index.

Tax Implications of ETFs vs Mutual Funds

You may get better tax efficiency with ETFs, because you are not buying or selling as much with them. There are fewer transactions to tax and ETFs are generally tax efficient given their unique creation and redemption mechanism that they employ.

You’ll have to pay capital gains taxes and dividend income taxes, but ETFs have a lower tax requirement than mutual funds. Due to the unique structure of ETFs, they’re often able to reduce the amount of capital gains they distribute each year relative to a comparable mutual fund.

Lower Initial Investment

As a general rule, mutual funds tend to require a higher initial investment. ETFs, on the other hand, allow investors to invest in as little as a single share. In some cases, brokerage firms allow investors to even buy ETF fractional shares, slices of a whole stock in an ETF.

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Types of Mutual Funds

The first mutual fund was launched in the 1970s by the late Jack Bogle of Vanguard. Since then the investment type has steadily increased in popularity. They account for tens of trillions of dollars.

Here are some of the different types of mutual funds:

Load Mutual Funds

Load mutual funds charge a sales commission that’s paid to a financial professional or broker who helped the investor decide on which mutual fund to purchase.

There are typically two types of load mutual funds: Front-end load funds, which means the fee is paid when the mutual fund is purchased, and back-end load funds, which means the fee is paid when the mutual fund purchase is redeemed. Generally, back-end load funds charge higher fees.

No-Load Mutual Funds

Investors could look for a “no-load” mutual fund, which means the shares are bought and sold without charging commissions.

This plan may be best for investors who plan to do a lot of trading. If investors have to pay a commission charge every time they buy or sell a security, frequent trading will reduce returns. However, the expense ratios for no-load mutual funds are often higher.

Active vs Passive Mutual Funds

Most mutual funds are actively navigated by experienced money managers who steer the fund and invest in companies they believe will lead to outperformance. However, there are also passive mutual funds that track indices, similar to the way ETFs do.

Open-Ended Funds

Purchases and sales of fund shares typically happen directly between an investor and the fund company. As more investors buy into the fund, more shares are added, which means that the number of eventual fund shares can be nearly unlimited.

However, the fund must undergo a daily valuation by law, which is called marking to market (see a deeper dive on this below). The result of this process is a new per-share price, which has been adjusted to sync with any changes in the value of the fund’s holdings. An investor’s share value is not affected by the quantity of outstanding shares.

Closed-End Funds

Unlike open-ended funds, closed-ended funds (CEFs) are finite and limited. Only a specific number of shares are issued and no further shares are expected to be added.

The prices of close-ended funds are influenced by the NAV of the fund, but are ultimately determined by the demand investors have for the fund. Since the amount of shares is fixed, the shares often trade above or below the NAV. If the fund is trading above the NAV (what it’s really worth), it’s said to be trading at a premium; if trading below the NAV, it’s said to be trading at a discount.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

Different Types of ETFs

ETFs are just one class of funds within the broader exchange-traded product (ETP) universe. Here’s a closer look at the different types of ETPs and ETFs.

Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)

Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are usually debt instruments issued by banks that seek to track an index.

Leveraged ETFs

Leveraged ETFs use derivatives to amplify returns from a fund. For instance, if an underlying index moves 1% on a trading day, a regular ETF tracking the index would also move 1%. However, a leveraged ETF could move 2% or 3% depending on whether it’s double levered or triple levered.

Inverse ETFs

Inverse ETFs are similar to shorting a stock. Investors can use inverse ETFs to bet that the price of a market or stock sector will go down. So if the underlying goes down 1% on a given day, the inverse ETF will go up 1%.

Thematic ETFs

Thematic ETFs tend to focus on a slice of the stock market and follow a specific trend. Thematic ETFs that have cropped in recent years include those that cover renewable energy, the gig economy, or even pet care.

The major pros and cons of thematic ETFs include capturing a specific trend that appeals to an investor, as well as being too narrowly focused.

The Takeaway

Both ETFs and mutual funds allow investors to pool funds with other investors’ funds to ultimately buy and sell baskets of securities in the market. The aim is portfolio diversification and reducing risk compared to investing in a single company. If a person were to put all of their money into one company instead, their investment isn’t diversified because their fortunes are tied to that single company.

Investing in both ETFs and mutual funds, or a combination of both (or either) will depend on an individual investor’s preferences. Not all investments are right for each portfolio, and some research is necessary to see what’s right for you.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

How are mutual funds and ETFs bought and sold?

One of the biggest differences between mutual funds and ETFS is how they are traded. Mutual funds transact once per day, with all investors trading at the same closing price, while ETFs trade constantly throughout the day on public exchanges.

What are some common types of mutual funds?

There are numerous types of mutual funds, including (but not limited to) load mutual funds, no-load mutual funds, active or passive funds, open-ended funds, and more.

What are some common types of ETFs?

Some common types of ETFs include thematic ETFs, inverse ETFs, leveraged ETFs, and the similar-but-different exchange-traded notes, or ETNs.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

S&P 500 Index: The S&P 500 Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. It is not an investment product, but a measure of U.S. equity performance. Historical performance of the S&P 500 Index does not guarantee similar results in the future. The historical return of the S&P 500 Index shown does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns.
Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

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If you invest in Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) through SoFi Invest (either by buying them yourself or via investing in SoFi Invest’s automated investments, formerly SoFi Wealth), these funds will have their own management fees. These fees are not paid directly by you, but rather by the fund itself. these fees do reduce the fund’s returns. Check out each fund’s prospectus for details. SoFi Invest does not receive sales commissions, 12b-1 fees, or other fees from ETFs for investing such funds on behalf of advisory clients, though if SoFi Invest creates its own funds, it could earn management fees there.
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Jun

2025

What’s the Reflation Trade?

By Matthew Zeitlin | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off

The reflation trade is a bet that certain sectors of the market perform well immediately after a recession or economic crisis. Essentially, it’s a bet on cyclical stocks at the beginning of a market recovery.

Reflation is the recovery in prices that typically comes immediately after a low-point in the economic cycle — often after economic stimulus, and the reflation trade is the purchase of specific stocks or stocks within sectors believed to outperform in that type of environment.

Key Points

• Reflation trade strategy focuses on sectors expected to thrive post-recession.

• Investment areas include hospitality, dining, energy, materials, financials, value stocks, bonds, and commodities.

• Small cap stocks are also beneficial in this strategy.

• A reflation trade strategy bets on economic recovery and growth.

• Diversification across different types of reflation assets is recommended for balanced risk and reward.

Reflation vs Inflation

While both reflation and inflation are characterized by rising prices, they are not the same thing.

Reflation is a recovery of prices lost during an economic downturn along with employment growth, and many economists see reflation as a healthy sign of an improving economy. It often accompanies economic stimulus, and may reflect monetary policy designed to stimulate spending and halt deflation.

Inflation, on the other hand, does not look at employment or any other economic factors. It is the rise in prices beyond their “normal” range, and poses a threat to economic recovery, since it can reduce the purchasing power of consumers and make it more expensive to borrow money.

Reflation is also different from what happens during stagflation, in which prices go up but wages don’t follow.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

Understanding Reflation Trade Opportunities

Reflation doesn’t just mean that the market as a whole will rise as economic activity returns to normal or even higher levels. Instead there’s a focus on certain sectors as they reflate after a decline.

For example, some investors might see reflationary dynamics in sectors like hospitality or dining during a pandemic, along with travel and tourism. It may also be noticeable, under those circumstances, in more indirectly affected sectors like energy and materials.

Again, assuming an economy suffers a pandemic, part of the reflation trade could be a switch from purchases of goods to services, as people go out more, whether it’s movie theaters, restaurant meals, theme parks and hotels. These are the sectors that would perform well if the reflation thesis turned out to be true.

Investors interested in the reflation trade can invest in individual stocks, or get more diversified exposure by investing in sector-specific exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or index funds.

Reflation Trade Sectors

While hospitality stocks might make sense for investors considering a reflation trade, there are other sectors that typically perform well in most reflationary environments. Here’s a look at a few of them:

Financial Stocks

Banks and other financial institutions tend to do well after an economic recession, since they can benefit from both higher interest rates and ramped up consumer spending.

Value Investing

Companies that deliver steady, long-term growth often get undervalued during economic downtimes, meaning that they’re poised for better performance as the market begins to improve. That’s the logic behind value investing.

Bonds

When interest rates are rising — in either the short- or the long-term — investing in bonds may benefit from a reflationary market.

Commodities

Since commodities tend to perform well during both periods of inflation and periods of economic growth, they’re a favored investment among those looking for a reflationary trade. As such, commodities trading could be an attractive area in a reflationary market.

Small Cap Stocks

Investments in small cap stocks tend to increase in value after recessions or during periods of growth, making them another asset that investors might consider in a reflationary market.

💡 Quick Tip: It’s smart to invest in a range of assets so that you’re not overly reliant on any one company or market to do well. For example, by investing in different sectors you can add diversification to your portfolio, which may help mitigate some risk factors over time.

The Takeaway

The reflationary trade is a bet on specific sectors of the economy or certain types of asset classes in the aftermath of an economic downturn. If you’re interested in incorporating the reflation trade into your portfolio, you could do so either via individual stocks or by buying sector-specific exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds.

But note that the economy is a complicated thing, and that there are cycles it naturally takes, but it’s also susceptible to all sorts of other events. That includes natural disasters, political changes, or even pandemics and other global crises. With that in mind, it can be difficult to be sure of what sort of environment the economy is in, exactly, at any given time.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

Is reflation the same as inflation?

No, reflation refers to a recovery in prices or value lost during an economic downturn, along with employment growth. Inflation is simply a rise in the prices of goods and services over time.

What are common reflation trade sectors?

Common reflation trade sectors include stocks of different types (such as financial stocks, small-cap stocks, etc.), bonds, and commodities.

What does reflation trade refer to?

The reflation trade is a bet that certain sectors of the market perform well immediately after a recession or economic crisis. In other words, it’s a bet on cyclical stocks at the beginning of a market recovery.

Photo credit: iStock/eugenesergeev

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

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Jun

2025

Unexpected Wedding Expenses to Watch Out For

By Pam O’Brien | Budgeting & Goals, Family Finances, Life & Career, personal_loan | Comments Off

It’s easy to get lost in the excitement of your wedding and focus on the fun parts, like trying on dresses. But before you get too far into planning, it’s a good idea to take a breath and crunch a few numbers.

In addition to being a joyous occasion, a wedding can also be a significant expense. While the price tag can vary widely depending on the level of luxury you go for and where you live, the median cost of a wedding is $10,000, according to SoFi’s most recent survey.

Besides the basic expenses like the dress, venue, catering, and rings, there are also lots of unexpected wedding costs, both small and large that can really add up. Being aware of these costs can help you plan ahead and save appropriately.

Key Points

• Weddings have hidden costs beyond the main expenses; these can add hundreds or thousands of dollars to your total expenditure.

• Budget for beauty treatments, gifts, and pre-wedding parties.

• Consider insurance for venues.

• Factor in postage for invitations and cards.

• Plan for lodging and transportation costs.

1. Bachelor and Bachelorette Parties

Since these events happen in advance of the wedding, it’s easy to forget to include them in your initial budget when saving for your dream wedding. But planning for these festivities is crucial, since they can come with a hefty price tag.

Guests spend an average of $1,300-$1,500 on these parties, according to the wedding site Joy.com. When travel is involved, the cost can go up even more.

Sometimes the host and guests will opt to cover the cost of accommodations and activities for the bride and groom, but that’s far from guaranteed.

And even if your costs are partially covered, you may still need to chip in for your airfare, meals, and incidentals.

2. Marriage License

In the whirlwind of wedding planning, it can be easy to forget about some of the more technical steps of getting married.

You’ll need to apply for a marriage license, of course, typically with the relevant county clerk’s office. Some states have a fixed fee, while others vary by county or city. The fees can range from about $20 to $110.

3. Insurance

You know that you’ll need to pay for a wedding venue, but you may not be aware that many of them require you to also purchase insurance. These policies typically cover damage to the venue or injuries to guests or vendors.

Some wedding insurance policies also reimburse you if something goes wrong, such as a venue becoming unavailable or a vendor not showing up. Wedding insurance costs range from about $75 to $550 for basic coverage, but the price can be higher for more expensive events.

4. Postage

If you’re mailing correspondence to your guests, don’t forget that you’ll need stamps, too. These can add up when you consider that you may need them for save the date cards, invitations, RSVP envelopes, and thank you cards.

As of June 2025, a postcard stamp costs $0.56, and a First-Class Forever Stamp for an envelope costs $0.73. Say your save the date is a postcard and your invitations, RSVPs, and thank-you notes use envelopes. Mailing these items to 150 guests in the U.S. could cost hundreds of dollars.

5. Alterations

The perfect wedding-day outfit requires not only paying for a dress and a tuxedo or suit, but also likely shelling out for alterations.

Some stores and custom tailors include the cost of alterations in the price of the garment, but others don’t. For a wedding dress, changes such as hemming the gown, adding lace or beading, or taking it in can cost anywhere from $150 to $800 or more.

6. Beauty Treatments

You’ll want to look your best on your big day, and that likely requires spending some cash. Hair and makeup for brides costs $290 on average in mid-2025, and some stylists charge extra for a trial. If you’re paying for your bridesmaids to get hair and makeup done as well, the cost could also be around $230 per person for both services on average, according to The Knot’s latest data.

Brides may also choose other beauty treatments, such as facials, manicures and pedicures, application of false eyelashes, and body art, like mehndi for Indian brides. Costs can run from $25 to hundreds of dollars.

The groom may also choose to pay for services like a haircut (an average cost of $30 to $70) and professional shave.

7. Gifts

You are probably expecting to receive gifts from your guests, but don’t forget that you may want to give some out, too.

It’s customary to give thoughtful thank you gifts to your wedding party, with especially nice presents going to the maid of honor and best man. Expect to spend $75 to $150 for each bridesmaid or groomsman.

You may also want to give tokens of appreciation to your parents and grandparents, particularly if they helped pay for the wedding. If you have friends who helped out, perhaps by doing a reading at the ceremony or serving as an officiant, you may want to thank them with a gift as well. And you’ll also want to give a gift to any children participating in your day, such as a flower girl or ring bearer.

Last but not least, it can be meaningful to exchange gifts with your new husband or wife. By including these significant items in your budget, or by exploring the option of a wedding loan (a kind of personal loan) to help cover them, you can make sure you can afford them when the time comes.

8. Wedding Weekend Events

Your initial wedding budget may not have included other gatherings you’re hosting, such as the rehearsal dinner, welcome drinks, or a brunch.

Depending on the number of guests, all of these events can cost a pretty penny. The average cost of a rehearsal dinner is around $2,700 as of 2025.

9. Lodging and Transportation

You’ll probably be paying for a hotel for one or more nights if your wedding isn’t in your hometown, or if you just want to stay somewhere special.

You also likely won’t want to drive yourselves around on the big day. If that’s the case, factor in the cost of a limo or fancy bus to get you to and from the wedding locations. The average cost of a wedding limo is $75 to $150 an hour.

If you’re providing transportation for guests as well, expect the amount you spend on transportation to go up significantly.

10. Rentals

More likely than not, your wedding venue and caterer won’t provide everything you need. You’ll typically need to pay extra to rent linens, flatware, and glassware. You may also want to rent other items, such as heating lamps, a cake stand, string lights, candles, or a photobooth. These items can add hundreds of extra dollars to your costs.

Recommended: Guide to Unsecured Personal Loans

Financing Your Wedding

So how do you afford all the wedding expenses — both the ones you plan for and the hidden ones that crop up? Here are some ideas for financing your dream wedding.

Budgeting and Saving

The first step is to make a budget, but you’ll want to be sure to avoid some common budgeting mistakes. Add up all the anticipated wedding expenses, including the lesser-known charges above. Then, you and your partner-to-be can track your monthly expenses and income and see how much you have left over to save each month.

If that isn’t enough to get to your goal, see if you can find ways to reduce living expenses or earn extra cash. Your financial institution may offer a financial tracker to help you avoid going over budget — and help you save for the big day.

Trimming Expenses

If your wedding budget is more than you can afford, you may be able to find ways to lower some of the costs. For example, perhaps a friend can officiate instead of paying a professional.

Family and friends may be able to help you create DIY paper goods, bouquets, and centerpieces. Or you could send digital Save the Dates and invitations, rather than paying for printing and postage. Some couples even self-cater their weddings. There are a number of creative ways to save money.

Personal Loans

Along with saving and cutting costs, a wedding loan, which is a type of personal loan, could help finance your wedding. Borrowers may qualify for loans with interest rates that are generally lower than the interest rates charged by credit cards.

Personal loans are flexible and may be used for almost any purpose, so they can help you cover wedding expenses that come up. It can take just a few minutes to apply for a personal loan online, and these loans usually have fast funding and flexible repayment options.

The Takeaway

Most people planning a wedding know about the major expenses: the dress, the rings, the venue, food, and music. But the often forgotten extras, like hair and makeup, rehearsal dinner, and bridal party gifts can add hundreds to thousands of dollars to your budget. You’ll want to include these items in your budget so you can save appropriately or consider the right amount to borrow, say via a personal loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

Is $5,000 enough for a wedding?

While recent research suggests that $10,000 is the median cost of an American wedding, you can plan a wonderful wedding for $5,000. Ways to economize include having the wedding at your or a loved one’s home or in a park, having a pot luck meal, and asking friends and family to help out (say, but helping arrange flowers as centerpieces or play music).

What are some unexpected wedding expenses?

Some commonly overlooked wedding expenses include postage for Save the Date cards and invitations, hair and makeup for the wedding couple and bridal party, the cost of a rehearsal dinner, gifts for the bridal party, and the cost of a bachelor/bachelorette party if friends don’t pick up the tab.

How do people afford weddings?

People typically afford weddings by a combination of saving, receiving help from family, and borrowing via credit cards or loans.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Jun

2025

Average Cost for Transfer Case Replacement & Repairs

By Austin Kilham | ALR, Budgeting & Goals | Comments Off

The transfer case helps send power to the wheels in all-wheel drive and four-wheel drive vehicles. If you have issues with your transfer case, you’ll have to get it repaired or replaced as soon as possible.

Replacement cost can range from $2,000 to $8,000, depending on your vehicle, while repair costs will vary depending on the type of fix required. For example, replacing an output shaft seal will typically cost around $350, while more complex repairs can run into the thousands of dollars.

Here’s a closer look at what a transfer case is, the factors that affect transfer case repair and replacement costs, and options for financing repairs.

Key Points

• Replacing a transfer case can be expensive, with costs ranging from $2,000 to $8,000, depending on the vehicle and specific issues involved.

• Repair costs vary widely; for instance, replacing an output shaft seal may cost around $350, while more complex repairs can escalate into thousands of dollars.

• Signs of a bad transfer case include unusual sounds coming from underneath your car, fluid under your vehicle, your car not staying in four-wheel drive, and your car not shifting into a low gear.

• Regular maintenance, including checking for leaks and ensuring proper fluid levels, is crucial to prevent transfer case failures and avoid costly repairs.

• If paying out-of-pocket isn’t feasible, options like personal loans, credit cards, or auto loan refinancing can help manage the financial burden of transfer case repairs or replacements.

Transfer Case Repair and Replacement Cost Breakdown

The chief factors that will affect transfer case repair and replacement costs are parts and labor. On average, you can expect to pay a mechanic between $75 and $130 per hour. Rates will vary depending on where you live, with mechanics in big cities, for example, possibly charging more than those in more suburban or rural areas. Removal and replacement of a transfer case takes about 3.5 hours. It’s a heavy component, so it may require more than one set of hands to complete the task.

In addition to labor costs to replace a transfer case, you can expect the cost of parts to be about $2,400, on average, while labor will likely cost between $650 and $975.

There is a wide range of costs associated with transfer case repairs depending on what the issue is. For example, if there is a hole in your transfer case, you may be able to replace half of it instead of the whole thing. That could cost you $450 to $675, with parts costing $115 to $150. Replacing a damaged encoder ring could cost you $425 to $800, with parts costing $30 to $60. While labor costs for these fixes may be high, it is still cheaper than replacing the transfer case entirely.

Getting an Estimate

Get estimates from multiple mechanics to ensure you’re getting the best deal for the repair or replacement of your transfer case.

You may want to start by consulting online tools like Kelley Blue Book’s Repair Pricing Tool or the Consumer Report’s Car Repair Estimate. They can give you an estimate of the price range you can expect to pay in your area for the make and model of your car. This range can act as a benchmark against which you can compare estimates from local mechanics to determine if you are getting a fair price.

Before settling on a mechanic, be sure to look up reviews to see if other customers have had trouble in the past. You can also look them up on the Better Business Bureau to see if they’ve received any recent complaints.

What Is a Transfer Case?

A transfer case is a vital component in four-wheel-drive (4WD) and all-wheel-drive (AWD) vehicles that distributes power from the transmission to the front and rear axles. It allows a vehicle to switch between 2WD and 4WD modes and may include gear ranges for off-road or low-traction conditions, enhancing traction and control.

Why Do Transfer Cases Fail?

Transfer cases can fail for several reasons, often due to wear and tear or lack of maintenance. Common causes include:

• Low or contaminated fluid – Insufficient or dirty transfer case fluid can lead to overheating and internal damage.

• Worn bearings or gears – Over time, components inside the case can wear out or become damaged.

• Faulty seals – Leaking seals can cause fluid loss and allow contaminants in.

• Electrical or sensor failure – Modern transfer cases rely on electronics to shift; faulty sensors or control modules can prevent proper operation.

• Improper use – Frequently switching in and out of 4WD incorrectly, or using 4WD on dry pavement, can put unnecessary strain on the system.

Regular maintenance, including fluid checks and replacing worn components, helps prevent failure.

Recommended: Airbag Replacement Cost

Signs of a Bad Transfer Case

Keep an eye out for these common signs that your transfer case is failing.

Unusual sounds: A failing transfer case could cause grinding, humming, or whirring sounds that come from under your vehicle.

Fluid under your vehicle: Low fluids are one of the number one reasons that transfer cases fail. Pooling liquid under your vehicle could be a sign that your transfer case is leaking.

Your car won’t stay in four-wheel drive: If your transfer case is not functioning properly, your car may have trouble staying in four-wheel drive.

Your car won’t shift into low gear: A four-wheel drive system has a low gear that allows your vehicle to creep slowly in rough conditions. If your car can’t shift into this low gear, your transfer case may be malfunctioning.

Recommended: Smarter Ways to Get a Car Loan

Can I Drive With a Bad Transfer Case?

It’s not a good idea to drive with a bad transfer case. It could, for example, cause your car to jump in and out of four-wheel drive mode unexpectedly. If you allow damage to persist and get worse, there could be ripple effects on other parts of your vehicle, such as the transmission, drive shaft, and axles. If these get damaged, you could end up having to repair or replace other expensive components, as well.

4 Ways to Cover Transfer Case Replacement Costs

Consider the following ways to cover the cost of transfer case replacement.

Cash Savings

Cash savings, such as an emergency fund, will allow you to pay for a transfer case replacement and is the cheapest way to cover costs, as there are no fees or interest on cash transactions. Consider setting aside some money in a cash savings account to cover the cost of car repairs.

Credit Cards

If you don’t have cash on hand, you could consider a credit card. However, be aware that if you carry a balance on your card, you will owe interest, which can be higher than 20%. If you carry a balance for more than one month, your interest payments will compound. This means you’ll owe interest on your interest, and you can end up in deep cycles of debt.

As a result, credit cards are best used when you know you will be able to pay them off each month.

Personal Loans

Personal loans may be a cheaper alternative to credit cards for financing car repair. They allow individuals to borrow a lump sum, which the borrower agrees to pay off in regular monthly installments with interest. Interest rates may be significantly lower than credit card rates.

Recommended: Crankshaft Repair and Replacement

Auto Loan Refinancing

You may also consider auto loan refinancing. When you refinance, you pay off your old loan with a new loan, ideally one with a lower interest rate, which can save you money over the life of your loan. You can put that savings toward other expenses, including car repair.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Car Refinancing

The Takeaway

Transfer case replacement can be one of the most expensive items to replace in your vehicle. However, if yours is faulty, it’s necessary to fix or replace it to prevent further damage to your car. Signs of a bad transfer case include strange noises coming from the engine, leaking fluid, or your car not shifting into lower gears. If you notice any of these signs, take your vehicle to the mechanic as soon as possible.

If you’re seeking auto loan refinancing, SoFi is here to support you. On SoFi’s marketplace, you can shop and compare financing options for your car in minutes.

With refinancing, you could save big by lowering your interest or lowering your monthly payments.

FAQ

Can I continue driving my vehicle with a faulty transfer case?

You should not drive with a faulty transfer case. Driving with a faulty transfer case could damage other components of your car or you could find yourself in unsafe driving conditions, such as having your vehicle slip into four-wheel drive unexpectedly.

Are there different types of transfer cases for different vehicles?

Yes, the type of transfer case depends on whether your vehicle has part-time four-wheel drive, full-time four-wheel drive, active four-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive.

Can a transfer case be repaired, or does it need to be replaced entirely?

It is possible that your transfer case will only need a small repair, which can be significantly cheaper than replacing the entire component.

How long does it take to repair or replace a transfer case?

A transfer case will typically take 3.5 hours to replace. Repair times will vary depending on how complicated the repair is.

Does the make and model of the vehicle affect the cost of transfer case repair or replacement?

The make and model of your car will determine what type of transfer case you need to purchase and how long it takes to replace. Both of these factors will affect cost.

Photo credit: iStock/g-stockstudio

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOALR-Q225-002

Jun

2025

The Problems With Online Payday Loans and Fast Cash Lending

By Jamie Cattanach | Budgeting & Goals, Debt Payoff, personal_loan | No Comments

Whether you need to pay for an emergency root canal or have unexpected home repairs, sometimes those bills can’t wait for your next paycheck.

If you’ve researched how to access cash quickly, you might wonder if online payday loans are the answer. Lenders that offer payday loans typically promise you things like quick applications, no credit checks, and expedited approvals. They may say you’ll get the cold hard cash you need the very next day. But interest rates can be very high and create debt problems for borrowers. Learn more here so you can make the right choice when you need cash fast.

Key Points

• Online payday loans provide quick cash but have extremely high interest rates and fees.

• These loans often lead to a cycle of debt, making repayment difficult.

• Failure to repay can cause financial distress and negatively impact credit scores.

• Paycheck advances, debt settlement, and personal loans can be safer alternatives.

• Short repayment periods increase the risk of falling into debt.

How Do Payday Loans Work?

Payday loans are called that because they’re meant to be paid back the next time you get a paycheck. They’re generally for small amounts, and usually don’t require collateral or even necessarily a credit check.

The catch? Payday loans come at a price — and a high one, at that. They can have interest rates of 400% or even higher, depending on the lender you choose and which state you’re in. (Some states have stronger protective laws, including rate caps.)

Such high-interest rates and other associated fees can quickly lead to situations where you end up getting behind on the loan. You may end up having to borrow more and more in order to pay back the money you borrowed, especially since the loan might come due in only two weeks or a month. Soon you may be in a hole so deep you might not know how to get out. It can be costly, greatly damage your credit, or even lead to bankruptcy.

How Much Does a Payday Loan Cost?

The short answer: a lot. Here’s a specific example.

Say you take out a $500 payday loan at an annual percentage rate (APR) of 300%. You would only pay that full 300% if you took a whole year to pay off the loan because the APR is what you would be charged in interest over 12 months.

However, even if you only borrow money for one month, you’d have to pay 1/12 of 300%, which translates to 25%. Here’s where the math gets ugly: 25% of $500 is $125, which means that when your loan comes due at the end of its very short term, you’ll owe $625. This amount might be tough to meet, especially if you’re in a situation where you needed a payday loan in the first place.

What Is a Direct Payday Loan?

Payday loans are offered by a wide variety of vendors, but for the most part, they break down into two categories: direct payday loans and those offered through a broker.

With direct payday loans, the entire loan process, from application to funding to repayment, is all managed by the same company. Although these can be slightly better than indirect loans — which may involve multiple fees, longer funding wait times, and harder-to-pin-down communication — they’re still generally considered a bad idea.

Why Is it Best To Avoid Payday Lending?

Other than the possibility that you can get money quickly if you have bad credit, there aren’t many benefits associated with payday loans. You’ll end up paying a significant amount in interest, and you’re usually expected to pay the money back in a very short period of time — usually within two weeks or so.

The interest on your loan can also compound daily, weekly, or monthly. This means that interest charges will start accumulating on the interest you already owe, which will inflate your loan balance even more.

Depending on how much you borrowed and your financial situation, compounding interest can make it incredibly difficult for you to pay back the loan. Many times borrowers end up taking out additional loans to pay off the payday loan, which can lock them into a seemingly endless cycle of debt.

You’re also unlikely to be able to borrow a large amount of money because payday and fast cash loan lenders typically have low maximum borrowing amounts.

What’s more, you won’t even be building your credit if you do manage to pay the loan back on time, because most of these lenders don’t report your behavior back to credit bureaus. In contrast, above-board lenders will report back to credit bureaus when you’re paying your bills on time and in full, and that can positively impact your credit score.

What Are Some Alternatives to Payday Loans?

In an ideal world, you’d avoid any kind of consumer debt. But sometimes it’s simply unavoidable. There are financially favorable alternatives to consider before you sign up for a risky payday loan.

Paycheck Advance

The best kind of money to borrow is money you’ve already earned. While not every employer offers it, a paycheck advance can be a relatively low-risk way to fund last-minute emergencies. An advance on your paycheck basically means getting paid earlier than you normally would, with the balance deducted from your future paycheck.

But tread carefully: Many employers offer paycheck advances through apps and platforms that may assess a one-time fee or even charge interest. While the rates may not be as astronomical as payday loan rates, it’s still worth taking a second look at the paperwork to ensure you understand what you’re signing up for ahead of time.

Debt Settlement

Another option is debt settlement, which is where you offer a creditor a lump sum payment on a delinquent debt — a lump sum that often ends up being far less than the original amount you owed.

However, doing this does require some negotiating, and sometimes even some legal know-how, which is why many people seek the help of professional debt settlement companies. This, too, is tricky, because scams abound, and some debt settlement companies may try to charge exorbitant fees to “eliminate your debt,” all without actually doing any work on your behalf. The Federal Trade Commission has more information on debt settlement and how to look for a reliable firm if you choose to go this route.

Personal Loans

Many types of personal loans are unsecured loans — meaning no collateral is involved — that can be used to pay for just about anything. And although they tend to have higher interest rates than secured loans, like mortgages or auto loans, those rates are still much lower than payday loans.

With its lower interest rate and longer-term, a personal loan will likely cost you less money than a payday loan in the long run. And some online personal loan lenders can process your application quickly and even get you the money you need in a matter of days.

Unlike payday loans, you have to go through a credit check to qualify and get approved for a personal loan. However, if you have a steady income and meet the lender’s eligibility requirements, you’re likely to qualify for a lower interest rate than you would if you used an online payday loan.

Your repayment timeline could also be less stressful if you opt for a personal loan rather than a payday loan. Personal loans come with the option of longer terms — a few years, for example, instead of a few months.

And because you can pay your loan off over a longer-term, your monthly payments might be more manageable than a payday loan. There also tend to be fewer fees attached to personal loans, and you might be able to borrow more because personal loans have higher loan maximums.

Personal loans aren’t much more difficult to apply for than payday or fast cash loans. You can typically get pre-qualified online by answering a few questions about your income, financial history, and occupation.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

The Takeaway

When you need money quickly, payday loans — and their promise of fast money — can be tempting. But you’ll want to proceed with caution. These loans generally come with very high interest rates and associated fees, and you may only have a couple of weeks or so to pay back the money you borrowed. There are less-risky alternatives to consider, including paycheck advance, debt settlement, or a personal loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

What is a disadvantage of a payday loan?

Payday loans generally come with high interest rates and associated fees. What’s more, you typically have to pay back the money you borrowed on your next payday.

Are payday loans a good idea?

Payday loans are usually not the top choice when you need cash quickly. That’s because they often come with high interest rates and tight repayment timelines.

What is the catch to payday lending?

The catch to payday loans is that borrowers are typically charged very high fees and interest rates.

Are payday loans easy or hard to pay back?

With their high interest rates and fees and short repayment timelines, payday loans can be difficult for borrowers to pay back on time.

Can payday loans hurt your credit?

While payday loans are unlikely to build your credit score, they can hurt your credit if you don’t pay back your loan and your lender sends the debt to a debt collector.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOPL-Q225-097

ETFs vs Mutual Funds: Learning the Difference

Differences Between ETFs and Mutual Funds

How to Buy Mutual Funds and ETFs

Data on Holdings

Passive vs Active

Fee Differences Between ETFs vs Mutual Funds

Tax Implications of ETFs vs Mutual Funds

Lower Initial Investment

Alternative investments, now for the rest of us.

Explore trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.

Types of Mutual Funds

Load Mutual Funds

No-Load Mutual Funds

Active vs Passive Mutual Funds

Open-Ended Funds

Closed-End Funds

Different Types of ETFs

Exchange-Traded Notes (ETNs)

Leveraged ETFs

Inverse ETFs

Thematic ETFs

The Takeaway

FAQ

How are mutual funds and ETFs bought and sold?

What are some common types of mutual funds?

What are some common types of ETFs?

What’s the Reflation Trade?

Reflation vs Inflation

Understanding Reflation Trade Opportunities

Get up to $1,000 in stock when you fund a new Active Invest account.*

Access stock trading, options, alternative investments, IRAs, and more. Get started in just a few minutes.

Reflation Trade Sectors

Financial Stocks

Value Investing

Bonds

Commodities

Small Cap Stocks

The Takeaway

FAQ

Is reflation the same as inflation?

What are common reflation trade sectors?

What does reflation trade refer to?

Unexpected Wedding Expenses to Watch Out For

1. Bachelor and Bachelorette Parties

2. Marriage License

3. Insurance

4. Postage

5. Alterations

6. Beauty Treatments

7. Gifts

8. Wedding Weekend Events

9. Lodging and Transportation

10. Rentals

Financing Your Wedding

Budgeting and Saving

Trimming Expenses

Personal Loans

The Takeaway

FAQ

Is $5,000 enough for a wedding?

What are some unexpected wedding expenses?

How do people afford weddings?

Average Cost for Transfer Case Replacement & Repairs

Transfer Case Repair and Replacement Cost Breakdown

Getting an Estimate

What Is a Transfer Case?

Why Do Transfer Cases Fail?

Signs of a Bad Transfer Case

Can I Drive With a Bad Transfer Case?

4 Ways to Cover Transfer Case Replacement Costs

Cash Savings

Credit Cards

Personal Loans

Auto Loan Refinancing

The Takeaway

FAQ

Can I continue driving my vehicle with a faulty transfer case?

Are there different types of transfer cases for different vehicles?

Can a transfer case be repaired, or does it need to be replaced entirely?

How long does it take to repair or replace a transfer case?

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Student Loan
Refinancing

Personal
Loans

Online
Investments