The Economic Cost of Daylight Savings Time

Does Daylight Savings Time Cost the U.S. Money?

Twice a year, most Americans adjust their clocks — one hour forward in the spring, one hour back in the fall. This routine, known as Daylight Saving Time (DST), was originally designed to maximize daylight hours and reduce energy use. But as our modern lives evolve, so do questions about whether this time-shifting tradition still makes sense.

While DST comes with a number of benefits, it also comes with hidden costs — from disrupted sleep and reduced productivity to increased health risks and economic losses. So, does Daylight Saving Time actually save or cost the U.S. money? Let’s dive into the history, the original goals, and what the numbers really say.

Key Points

•   Daylight Saving Time (DST) in the U.S. has economic benefits like increased consumer spending and reduced lighting needs.

•   DST can boost outdoor activities and public safety, with a 13% reduction in pedestrian fatalities and a 7% drop in robberies.

•   DST also leads to significant costs, estimated at $672.02 million annually, primarily from health risks and accidents.

•   Health risks include a 10% increase in heart attacks and higher stroke incidence following the spring time change.

•   Potential benefits of eliminating DST include improved sleep patterns and productivity and fewer disruptions and confusion.

What Is Daylight Savings Time?

Daylight Saving Time (DST), commonly referred to simply as “daylight savings,” is the practice of moving the clocks forward one hour ahead of local standard time in the spring to achieve longer evening daylight in summer. In effect, an hour of daylight is shifted from the morning to the evening each spring.

In the U.S., DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November, when we move the clocks back one hour, and always starts and ends at 2 a.m. People often rely on the phrases “spring forward” and “fall back” to remember which way to reset the clock.

The idea behind daylight savings is simple: by syncing the time people are active with daylight, we might use less artificial lighting — and, in theory, save energy and live more economically and efficiently.

A Brief History

The concept of DST dates back to the early 20th century. Though Benjamin Franklin is credited as the first to suggest shifting time to conserve energy, the modern practice wasn’t implemented until World War I, when it was temporarily adopted as a wartime measure to help conserve fuel and power and extend the work day. During World War II, DST was reintroduced and referred to as “War Time.”

After World War II, DST was repealed again, allowing states to establish their own standard time. For the next two decades, there were no set rules for DST, which led to significant confusion in the transportation and broadcast industries.

In 1966, the U.S. passed the Uniform Time Act, standardizing the start and end dates of DST, while allowing states to opt out by passing a state law. Currently, all states except Hawaii and most of Arizona observe DST. American territories, including Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, do not follow DST.

Who Benefits From Daylight Savings Time?

Many people and industries benefit from Daylight Savings Time. Here’s a look at some of the advantages of moving the clocks ahead by an hour each spring.

•   Encourages activity: Proponents of DST note that longer evenings motivate people to get off the house and engage in outdoor recreation like walking, running, baseball, tennis, soccer, golf, etc. For parents, the extra hour of daylight can mean more outdoor activity for their children. As a result, changing the clocks each spring may help counteract our modern sedentary lifestyle.

•   Reduces lighting needs: An extra hour of daylight helps to reduce the need to use electricity for lighting, which can reduce energy costs. However, people today tend to use computers, screens, and air conditioning units whether it is light or dark out. As a result, many economists say the amount of energy saved from DST is minimal.

•   Improves public safety: Daylight Saving Time’s longer daylight hours can help reduce the risk of pedestrians and cyclists being hit by cars. Indeed, studies have found that DST reduces pedestrian fatalities by as much as 13% during dawn and dusk hours. An extra hour of sunshine can also deter criminals, who generally prefer to commit crimes at night. Research has found that robberies drop about 7% overall and 27% in the evening hours after the spring time change.

•   Stimulates the economy: More hours of daylight in the warm months may incentivize people to shop, dine, drive, play golf, and spend money in other ways after work, giving the economy a boost. Chambers of commerce generally support DST, saying it causes consumer spending to increase and has a positive effect on their local economies.

💡 Quick Tip: Don’t think too hard about your money. Automate your budgeting, saving, and spending with SoFi’s seamless and secure mobile banking app.

How Much Does Daylight Savings Cost Americans?

Despite the potential benefits, there’s growing evidence that DST also carries real and measurable downsides — from health consequences to lost productivity.

•   Health impacts: Moving the clock forward, even by just an hour, can have a negative effect on the body’s natural circadian rhythm, which can harm our health. One study found that the risk of a heart attack increases 10% the Monday and Tuesday following the Sunday we “spring forward.” Research also indicates that there is a higher incidence of strokes and suicides, along with a general decreased quality of life, on the days and weeks following the spring time shift.

•   Productivity loss: The Monday following the day we move the clocks one hour ahead is often referred to as “sleepy Monday,” since it’s one of the most sleep-deprived days of the year. Economists have found that the spring time change can actually kick off an entire week or lower worker productivity — including an increase in “cyberloafing” (i.e., wasting time on the internet while at work) — due to fatigue. Some also point out that the 10 minutes or so people spend simply changing clocks, watches and other devices forward (and then later reversing the process) also leads to lost productivity and earnings. In other words, we could be doing something better with that time.

•   Increased accidents: While longer daylight may help pedestrians, studies show a 6% increase in fatal car crashes during the five weeks after the spring shift — possibly due to drowsy driving or people rushing because they are running late.

•   The financial toll: A 2024 report by Chmura Economics & Analytics estimates that the total economic cost of DST is around $672.02 million per year, largely due to the health implications and increased traffic/workplace accidents attributed to the spring time shift.

   This total cost includes:

◦   $374.75 million from increased heart attacks

◦   $251.53 million from increases in strokes

◦   $18.35 million from additional workplace injuries

◦   $27.39 million from increases in traffic accidents

What Would Happen if Daylight Savings Time Was Removed?

Many Americans are in favor of getting rid of twice-annual clock changes. In fact, more than 30 states have introduced bills to replace daylight saving time with one stable time, and the issue has also been the subject of legislation in the U.S. Congress. As of this writing, however, daylight saving time is not ending across the U.S.

But what would happen if it did?

Whether the U.S. opted for permanent DST or permanent standard time, we would no longer need to worry about remembering to change the time on our watches and clocks, losing an hour of sleep, and feeling tired after we “spring forward.” This could help keep sleeping patterns more consistent year-round, potentially improving people’s health, productivity, and quality of life.

Many businesses would likely also benefit: Without the biannual adjustment, employees would maintain regular sleep schedules, and companies could avoid the drop in efficiency and focus that occurs after each time shift.
Getting rid of DST would also eliminate the temporary increase in auto and workplace accidents after we spring forward, along with confusion around timing caused by the fact that not all U.S. states, and not all countries, implement DST.

But there are also some downsides to getting rid of DST. If we opt for year-round standard time, we would lose that extra hour of evening sunlight in summer. Though the days are naturally longer in the spring/summer, losing that additional hour could lead to less outdoor recreation and physical activity. It could also reduce foot traffic for businesses like restaurants and retail shops during summer evenings.

If we opt for year-round DST, it wouldn’t get dark quite so early during the winter months, but mornings would be darker. This could make it harder to wake up for work, and also raise safety concerns for children walking to school and commuters traveling in the early hours.

The Takeaway

So, does Daylight Saving Time cost the U.S. money? The answer is: yes. Studies have estimated the annual cost could actually exceed $672 million per year.

While DST offers seasonal perks for retail, recreation, and crime prevention, its broader impacts on health, productivity, and safety are substantial. The original energy-saving rationale no longer holds much weight in the modern world — and research increasingly shows the economic and human costs of DST may outweigh its benefits.

While DST in the U.S. isn’t going away (yet), the debate continues — with each spring and fall reigniting questions about whether DST truly serves American citizens and the modern economy.

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FAQ

Does daylight saving time save money?

Daylight Saving Time was initially implemented to save energy, but its effectiveness in modern society is debated. Some studies suggest it can reduce electricity usage slightly by shifting peak demand, while others find no significant savings or even increased costs due to higher air conditioning use. The overall financial impact is minimal and varies by region.

How does daylight saving time boost the economy?

Daylight Saving Time can boost the economy by extending evening daylight, which encourages outdoor activities and shopping. This can lead to increased consumer spending, particularly in retail and entertainment sectors. Sports and leisure industries also benefit from more daylight hours, as people are more likely to engage in outdoor activities after work.

What are the downsides to daylight savings?

Daylight Saving Time has several downsides, including disrupted sleep patterns and increased risk of accidents and health issues (including heart attacks and strokes) in the days following the time change. It can also affect productivity and mood, especially for those with sleep disorders. Moreover, the energy savings are often negligible, and the transition can cause confusion and scheduling issues.


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Small origami houses made of $1 and $5 dollar bills are arrayed on a persimmon-colored background.

Three House Siding Ideas

Siding helps protect your home from weather and pests and plays a major role in the look of your home. If yours has seen better days, or you’ve never liked the look of your siding, it may be time to consider replacing it. Yes, it can be a big (i.e., expensive) job, currently averaging $11,529, according to the home improvement site Angi. But you will likely get a significant portion of what you spend back when you sell your home, since this home renovation generally has a high return on investment (ROI).

Read on for a look at a few different siding ideas at a variety of price points and their expected ROI.

Key Points

•   Siding protects homes from weather and pests and also establishes the look and style of your property.

•   The average new siding project currently costs $11,529, with a high return on investment.

•   Custom quotes are advised due to varied project costs.

•   Siding lasts decades, unlike painting, which needs frequent touch-ups.

•   Home equity loans and personal loans are financing options.

Eco-Friendly Options

One way to live more sustainably is to choose eco-friendly siding options that reduce the carbon footprint of the project. For example, using recyclable siding materials is one way to be more environmentally friendly, as is selecting material known to be more energy-efficient.

Wood can be a good choice because it’s a renewable and sustainable material that can be sourced locally. Manufacturing processes of wood siding can be more environmentally friendly as well.

Aluminum or steel siding can be a green choice when made from recycled materials. It’s also considered to be an energy-efficient option since metal reflects the sun’s rays, unlike materials that absorb them. In addition, metal siding can be a low-maintenance material.

Fiber cement siding is eco-friendly, crafted from natural materials. Although vinyl siding isn’t formed from the most environmentally friendly materials, there is little waste with this type of siding, and insulated options can be energy-efficient.

Recommended: Solar Panel Financing in 4 Ways

Colors with Curb Appeal

Siding color plays a big part in a home’s curb appeal. Combinations of colors and textures can evoke certain feelings, such as using green siding with wood accents to create a natural feel to a home.

When selecting a color scheme, personal taste enters in, but an overall goal might be a compromise between your favorite hues and materials and blending in with the neighborhood.

Some communities may have homes with more subdued hues while others boast more colorful options.

Colonial homes may look best in a single classic color, while cottage-style or Victorian homes may provide a homeowner with more freedom of expression.

Recommended: Four Ways to Upgrade Your Home

Realistic Textures

In the past, siding materials could look “plastic,” rather than mimicking natural grains and textures. Today, though, siding materials often look more attractive and realistic.

When on a budget, vinyl siding can masterfully imitate wood siding at a lower cost with a greater ease of installation. If on a mid-range budget, an option might be fiber cement siding, which combines sand, cellulose and cement; comes in a variety of colors; and can be imprinted with various patterns.

With a bigger budget, stone and brick veneers are an option, as are stucco and new materials that mimic stucco. These choices can give a home a distinctive appearance.

Costs of Home Siding

The cost of new siding will depend on the size of your house, the type of siding you choose, and where you live. Generally, new siding costs as follows:

•   Vinyl siding: $3-$12 per square foot

•   Stucco: $7-$9 per square foot

•   Wood: $1-$15 per square foot

•   Aluminum: $3-$6 per square foot

•   Brick: $10-$20 per square foot

•   Brick veneer: $3-$10 per square foot

•   Stone: $7-$30 per square foot

•   Stone veneer: $5 to $11 per square foot

•   Fiber cement: $7 to $18 per square foot

As of mid-2025, a full replacement job, on average, can run $11,529, according to Angi. Keep in mind, though, that each project is unique and older homes may have additional issues that will need to be addressed during a home renovation process. Plus, if a home is old enough to be designated as historic, there will likely be guidelines that need to be followed, which can add to the price tag of improvements.

Beside the materials used and the size of the home, other factors that impact cost include the shape of the house, with those having multiple stories or with eaves and turrets typically being more expensive than a home with a more streamlined structure.

Another factor can be the time of year when the siding is installed, with peak seasons usually more expensive than off-season projects.

It can make sense to get a customized quote for a siding project because there are so many factors that can affect the price.

It may be helpful, too, to compare quotes received to what it costs to paint the exterior of a home.

The cost to paint a home’s exterior ranges from $1.50 to $8 per square foot. Although painting is typically less expensive, siding can last for decades, while the exterior of homes often need to be painted every five to 10 years.

Siding ROI

Replacing your old siding can significantly increase the value of your home. Exactly how much it will add to the value will largely depend on the type of material you choose.

Going with fiber cement siding, for example, could add about $17,000 to the value of your home, which translates into about a 88% return on investment.

You may want to use an online ​​home improvement ROI estimator to get a sense of how much your choice of siding will impact the resale value of your home.

Paying for House Siding

If you run the numbers and the cost of your home siding project is more than you can comfortably cover in cash, you may want to consider some type of financing.

One option is to take out a home equity loan or line of credit. These loans are based on the equity you have built up in your home and use your home as collateral for the loan.

Another option is a home improvement loan. This is essentially an unsecured personal loan that is used for home repairs or upgrades. You receive a lump sum up front which you can use to pay for new siding; you then repay the loan (interest plus principal) over a set term, often one to seven years, with regular monthly payments. Interest rates are typically fixed.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

The Takeaway

Siding is your home’s first line of defense against weather and pests and also establishes the look and feel of your property.

Replacing your siding can seem like a big undertaking with typical costs more than $10,000, but fortunately you typically only have to do it once. Plus, you can often make up much of the out-of-pocket cost when you resell your home, thanks to the relatively high ROI on this type of remodel. If you’re interested in replacing your siding but not sure how to cover the costs, a personal loan could help.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

What is the cheapest siding to put on a house?

The most affordable kinds of siding are typically vinyl, wood, brick veneer, and aluminum.

How much does new siding cost?

As of mid-2025, new siding for a house costs an average of $11,529.

Does new siding have a good ROI?

Yes, new siding typically has a good return on investment. Currently, the ROI is 80% of the money spent redoing siding.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.


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What Does the Average Honeymoon Cost?

What Does the Average Honeymoon Cost?

The latest figures put the average honeymoon cost at about $5,000, Brides.com reports, adding that the average honeymoon lasts around seven days.

There are plenty of ways to save on or save for a honeymoon, though.

Here’s what you need to know about the average honeymoon cost and paying for a trip you’ll never forget.

Key Points

•   The average honeymoon costs around $5,000.

•   Your cost will be influenced by your trip’s location, duration, luxury level, and season.

•   Traveling during shoulder seasons and using credit card rewards can help reduce honeymoon expenses.

•   A honeymoon registry allows guests to contribute money, easing the financial burden on the couple.

•   Setting up a savings fund and using credit card rewards are practical ways to finance a honeymoon.

•   Personal loans can cover honeymoon costs, but interest rates and repayment terms should be considered.

The Honeymoon Tab

The Knot, a wedding-planning platform, cited a pre-pandemic average honeymoon cost of $5,000, based on an internal study of more than 27,000 couples who married in 2019. That is atop the average cost of a wedding, which The Knot put at $33,000.

The average cost of a honeymoon has increased since then, reflecting couples’ desire for more experiential travel, The Knot says, with 59% of American couples traveling outside the continental U.S. for their honeymoon.

Of course, the honeymoon outlay could be much higher if a couple goes on a luxury getaway or takes an extended trip.

Big-Ticket Honeymoon Items

The cost of a honeymoon can depend on location, amenities, and even the season couples decide to travel. Typically the cost will include:

• Plane, train, or automobile travel

• Accommodations

• Any excursions

• Food and beverages

• Taxes, tips, and fees

Essentially, it’s the same as any other big trip. The only extras may come because you want to make this trip the best it can be (and we don’t blame you).

Ways to Cut Honeymoon Expenses

There are still plenty of ways to save money on a honeymoon. As mentioned, location can play a major factor in the cost of the trip, but there is a secret a lot of travel insiders know and don’t share: Shoulder season.

Shoulder season is that awkward time between the high and low seasons of different destinations. It’s not necessarily that a place is less desirable to visit, but merely a less popular time to go.

The shoulder season in the Caribbean is the early fall (in the Northern Hemisphere, September to November), which is the midst of hurricane season, meaning fewer people tend to book during this time. Honeymooners could score great deals on flights and accommodations, and find more restaurant and excursion reservations available.

Hawaii, a perennial honeymoon destination favorite, has shoulder seasons of April through June, after all the school breaks end, and September to December, right before the holiday travel rush.

Check to see when your desired location’s shoulder season may fall, and if you wish, book in this window for the chance to save a little money.

Two other ideas:

Forage for great fares. Another way to cut back on typical honeymoon expenses is to hunt for the best flights possible if you’re traveling by air. This can be done by signing up for newsletter or alert services like Next Vacay, which sends daily emails with cheap flight deals, or similar services like Going and Skyscanner.

Use points or miles. One more way to lessen the financial strain of a honeymoon is to dig into credit card rewards such as points or miles. Check to see if your points can be used on flights, accommodations, or activities, and use them as you please. Don’t forget to check on any of those frequent flyer miles you’ve got hanging around either.

Paying for a Honeymoon

There are a number of ways couples can finance their honeymoon. Here are a few.

Join a honeymoon registry. The first, and perhaps most festive for a wedding, is to ask your friends and family to get involved with a honeymoon registry.

A honeymoon registry is a new twist on the wedding registry tradition. Rather than ask for gifts like china that comes out of the closet once every 10 years, couples can instead ask their guests to gift them money that they may use toward their honeymoon.

Some couples take the honeymoon registry a step further by registering at places like Honeyfund or Zola for specific honeymoon items rather than a blanket ask. This can include a specific hotel stay or merely an upgrade, scuba lessons or ski tickets, or dining at one special restaurant during the trip.

Carve out a honeymoon savings fund. Another way to finance your honeymoon is by starting your own honeymoon budget. Once you’ve decided as a couple where you’d like to travel on your first trip as the newly betrothed, you can estimate how much the trip will cost.

From there, you can start a fund where you put in a little each day, week, or a month from income or through any cutbacks you’re willing to make to your personal budgets to turn this dream trip into a reality.

Decide to camp out in Uncle Jeremy’s backyard. And grill hot dogs for days. It will be unforgettable. Just sayin’.

Take out a personal loan. A personal wedding or honeymoon loan can be used for just about anything you want. Yes, that means it can be used to cover any and all costs of a honeymoon.

The Takeaway

The average honeymoon costs around $5,000. But clearly, that number can vary greatly depending on when and where honeymooners travel, for how long, and the level of luxury. With more couples lusting for experiential travel, the average tab has grown.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.


Photo credit: iStock/DragonImages

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Refinancing Student Debt With a Cosigner

If you’re interested in possibly refinancing your student loans, but you don’t think your credit history is strong enough, there are options that might help. One is to refinance student loans with a cosigner.

A cosigner could potentially help you qualify for a refinanced loan. But is taking out a new loan with a cosigner the right choice for you? There are pros and cons to carefully consider in order to decide if student loan refinance with a cosigner makes sense for your personal situation.

Key Points

•   A cosigner with strong credit can help you qualify for student loan refinancing and potentially secure a lower interest rate.

•   If you fail to make payments, your cosigner is legally responsible for repaying the loan, which can impact both of your credit scores.

•   Refinancing federal loans with a cosigner makes them ineligible for federal benefits like income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness.

•   Asking someone to cosign a loan is a big request—approach the conversation respectfully and demonstrate financial responsibility.

•   Cosigners should understand the risks, stay informed about payments, and be prepared for potential financial consequences.

What Is a Cosigner on a Loan?

A student loan cosigner is someone who legally agrees to pay your debt, such as your student loan debt, in the event that you can’t make the payments yourself. The exact terms will vary based on the loan type and lender, but in general, this person signs your loan with you and accepts responsibility for your loan if you are unable to pay your debt.

Responsibilities of a Cosigner

A cosigner on a student loan agrees to take on equal responsibility for repaying the loan. Any late or missed payments or student loan default by the borrower could harm the cosigner’s credit.

How Cosigners Affect Loan Approval

When a borrower adds a creditworthy cosigner to their loan application, it could help approve their chances of qualifying for the loan and securing a lower interest rate if the cosigner has a strong credit and financial history.

Can a Cosigner Help You Refinance a Student Loan?

If you’ve decided to refinance a student loan, a cosigner may help you qualify if your own credit is not strong enough.

Creditors review a variety of factors to determine whether or not they will give someone a loan. Things like a low credit score or a credit history that’s not robust enough can serve as an indicator to lenders that an individual could be a credit risk. Adding a creditworthy cosigner could make a potential borrower appear less risky, since there’s another person — one with a strong financial and credit background — to help guarantee repayment of the loan.

One important thing to note about student loan refinancing — either with or without a cosigner — is that if you are refinancing federal student loans, they will be ineligible for federal benefits like income-driven repayment and federal deferment.

Recommended: Applying for a Student Loan Without a Cosigner

Finding a Cosigner

If you can’t qualify for a loan based on your own credit history or current income, student loan refinancing with a cosigner who has a strong credit history may help improve your prospects.

Who Makes a Good Cosigner

When choosing a cosigner, you want someone with a good credit history who also has steady employment and a good income. In addition, you want an individual you can trust to repay the debt in the event you can’t. And finally, because cosigning a loan is a big commitment, it’s important to choose someone you will feel comfortable asking.

How to Ask Someone to Be Your Cosigner

Being a cosigner is a big responsibility, so how you ask someone to cosign is important. Treat the request with respect. Be open and honest about why you need to refinance student loans with a cosigner. Explain, for instance, that you are recently out of school and don’t yet have a strong credit history. By applying with a cosigner you are more likely to be approved for a refinance loan and get a lower interest rate. Also, detail your plans for repaying the loan so the other person knows you are serious about and committed to handling your debt.

Should a parent cosign a student loan, or should any relative or friend for that matter, it’s important to make them aware of the responsibilities and legal obligations involved. In addition, be sure they are prepared to pay for the loan if you are not able to do so. They should also understand that anything negative regarding the loan, such as late payments, can affect their credit.

Pros and Cons of Having a Cosigner

Taking out a loan with a cosigner is a significant commitment, so it’s worth considering the pros and cons. What’s right for you will depend on your personal and financial situation.

One of the most notable benefits of refinancing with a cosigner is the potential to qualify for a loan that may not have been an option otherwise. A cosigner could also possibly help you qualify for a lower student loan interest rate than what you could receive on your own. If you have little to no credit history or bad credit, it could help to refinance student loans with a cosigner by giving you an opportunity to begin strengthening your credit over time.

On the other hand, there can be some drawbacks to refinancing with a cosigner. If you fail to make payments on your loan, your cosigner will be responsible for repaying your debt. As a result, missed payments will likely reflect on both of your credit histories. This could also negatively impact your personal relationship with your cosigner.

💡 Recommended: Student Loan Calculator

Using a Cosigner when Refinancing Your Student Loans

When you’re refinancing your student loans, enlisting a friend or family member to cosign your refinanced loan could help strengthen your loan application.

Again, keep in mind that acting as a cosigner has risks — if you don’t pay back your loans, your cosigner is on the hook. It’s a big request, so take some time to think about how you’ll make it. Here are some additional tips that may help inform your conversation:

1.    Asking respectfully. You’ll want to broach the subject thoughtfully and respectfully. You’re asking the person for a serious commitment, so asking with tact to show you understand the gravity of your request is crucial.

2.    Showing your dedication. As noted, it’s also important to make it clear to your cosigner that you’re going to be making timely payments on the loan. One simple way to do so is by providing them with regular updates.

3.    Illustrating to your cosigner that you understand the intricacies of your loan. They’ll be responsible for the loan if you fail to make payments, so they’ll likely want to make sure you understand the responsibility you’re taking on — and asking them to take on.

Things to Consider if You’re Asked to Cosign a Loan

If you’ve been asked to cosign a loan, be aware that serving as a cosigner can come with consequences for your finances if the primary borrower fails to make payments. If you’re a family member or friend with excellent credit and a well-paying job, you could be a candidate as a cosigner. If you have some hesitation, here are a few steps you can take:

1.    Talking it out with the borrower. The borrower is going to use your name and credit history to take out a loan. It can be helpful to understand why they feel they need a cosigner while making sure they have the means to repay the loan.

2.    Following up often. Keeping the lines of communication open so you are aware of any issues can be helpful for both parties. If need be, you could discuss making payments on their behalf to avoid the impact of a late or missed payment on your own credit score.

3.    Accepting negative outcomes. Even if you’ve done everything you can to ensure the borrower is trustworthy, something might come up where they let you down. Your credit score might take a hit and you might be responsible for making payments yourself. Remember that this could happen, so accepting it as a possibility may be helpful.

Cosigning a loan is a big responsibility that can have implications on your financial future, so take some time to consider the idea.

If you decide not to cosign, you can let the requester down gently by trying to help them think of some alternative options to secure the loan or money they need.

How to Remove a Cosigner After Refinancing

Some lenders allow cosigners to be removed from a loan through a cosigner release. This allows the cosigner to be officially released from the loan and all the responsibilities that come with it. Typically, the primary borrower has to apply for a cosigner release with the lender.

Depending on the terms of the loan, the cosigner may be able to be released if the primary borrower has graduated from college and meets certain requirements as stipulated by the lender. Typically these requirements include such things as the primary borrower making one to two years of on time payments, having a good credit report and no loans in default, and being in a stable job with a steady income.

If your lender doesn’t offer a cosigner release, another way to take a cosigner off your loan is to refinance your student loans again. When you refinance, you replace your old loans with a new loan that has new terms. If you can qualify for the refinance on your own, you won’t need to include the cosigner on the new loan.

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

If you’re interested in refinancing student loans but your credit isn’t strong enough, enlisting a trusted person with a strong financial background as a cosigner may help you qualify for a loan and/or get a lower interest rate. Or, if your credit has strengthened over time, and you can qualify on your own, you can consider refinancing without a cosigner.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How does adding a cosigner affect my interest rate?

A cosigner with strong credit and a solid financial background may help a borrower qualify for a lower interest rate when refinancing a student loan. Generally, the more creditworthy the cosigner is, the better a borrower’s chances of getting a lower rate.

What credit score does my cosigner need?

The credit score a cosigner needs for a student loan refinance depends on the lender’s specific criteria. Typically, many lenders look for a credit score of 670 or higher.

How long will my cosigner be responsible for my loan?

A cosigner is generally responsible for a loan until the loan is repaid in full. However, a cosigner may be able to be released from a loan through a cosigner release option — if a lender offers it and the primary borrower meets specific criteria set by the lender. Another option is for the primary borrower to refinance the loan again in their own name only, without the cosigner.

Do I need a cosigner for student loan refinance?

The specific requirements for refinancing a loan with a cosigner will depend on your credit history and income (among other factors) and the eligibility requirements of the lender. Borrowers who have a less than stellar credit history may find adding a cosigner to their application allows them to qualify for a student loan refinance and a more competitive interest rate.

Can I consolidate my student loans with a cosigner?

When you consolidate federal student loans through the Direct Consolidation Loan program, you combine all your current federal loans into a new loan with one payment. With Direct Loan Consolidation, you typically don’t need a cosigner.

Can a cosigner become the primary borrower?

In order for a cosigner to become the primary borrower of a student loan, the loan would generally need to be refinanced in the cosigner’s name.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Investing in Single Family vs Multifamily Houses

Buying property is a way to invest outside the stock market. Owning a rental can offer key benefits to homebuyers, including a potential stream of passive income and the possibility for real estate to grow in value.

When debating whether to invest in the home-buying process, the difference between a single family or multifamily home can matter.

Each home type comes with pros and cons, which investors may want to chew on before opting for a specific real estate investment.

Here’s a look at the major differences between single family and multifamily investment properties.

Key Points

•   Multifamily homes can be more expensive but offer multiple rental income streams and economies of scale in management.

•   Single family homes are generally more affordable to buy and maintain, with fewer shared spaces and lower maintenance costs.

•   Multifamily properties may face more tenant conflicts, such as noise or pet issues, compared to single family homes.

•   Single family homes tend to appreciate in value more due to higher demand, while multifamily values depend on rental income.

•   Single family homes sell faster, providing quicker cash liquidity, while multifamily properties offer stable rental income and potential for passive investment.

What Is a Single Family Home?

Single family homes are stand-alone structures with their own lot. They don’t share common space with another unit.

Generally, they’re meant to house one tenant or a family. In the real estate world, single family homes differ from attached properties, like condominiums or townhouses.

Those considering investing in a single-family home could start the process in much the same way as when buying a primary residence, enlisting the help of a real estate broker or home loan lender.

Below are some factors investors may want to think through when looking into single family properties:

Affordability of Buying

When an investor is deciding how much house to afford, single family homes are typically priced lower than multi-unit constructions.

Because they’re designed with one family or individual in mind, single family homes are generally smaller in size — and less square footage (and floors) can mean lower listed prices on the property.

Other costs, such as utilities, don’t necessarily add to the price of investing in a single family house. Rental agreements typically require tenants to pay all or nearly all of the utilities costs for a home.

In a multifamily unit, the landlord may have to shoulder more costs, such as the cost of electricity used in common spaces.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Fewer Tenants Can Mean Less Conflict

In multifamily units, landlords may be called in to resolve all sorts of conflicts between tenants. For example, landlords may have to mediate tensions if a neighbor is noisy or has a loud pet.

A single person or family living in a single-family unit lessens the chance for conflict between tenants. (In rare cases, landlords may deal with conflicts between single family tenants and neighbors in nearby buildings, though.)

Additionally, tenants who live in a stand-alone home may be more likely to treat the buildings as their own, taking better care of the house and lot.

They may closely monitor the condition of the whole home, letting landlords know when there are maintenance issues to take care of.

Reduced Maintenance Costs

Speaking of maintenance, single family units typically require less upkeep than multifamily buildings.

In a multi-unit property, things can get complicated. Landlords may be dealing with different sets of appliances or diverse tenant schedules, for example.

If something goes wrong in one unit, it may affect other units at the same time. For instance, in a multifamily building, plumbing or wiring may need to be replaced in multiple units at the same time.

Multifamily units are larger, so problems that feel more manageable in a single family home can become a bigger deal when scaled up.

Investors may want to compare the different costs (and logistics) of exterminating termites in a small home vs. a bigger multi-unit building (where numerous tenants may need to be relocated temporarily), to name one possibility.

Property Value Appreciation

Single family homes tend to be in higher demand than multifamily residences, which could mean the property is more likely to gain in value. Single family homes are priced largely based on supply and demand.

The more people want them, the higher home appreciation may go up. (Naturally, demand is just one factor among many that can impact a home’s valuation.)

Multifamily buildings, on the other hand, are priced in part on the condition of the buildings. One extra factor in calculating the value of a multifamily building is the potential rent revenue that this sort of property can bring in. If rents go up in the area, the value of the building can rise accordingly. (The opposite is also true.)

Cash Liquidity

There may come a time when a landlord wants to sell. Landlords might no longer want to deal with tenants, or they may need to access the equity wrapped up in their rental property.

Because of the high demand, sales for single family homes tend to be faster, providing investors with potentially easier access to their invested cash.


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What Is a Multifamily Home?

Multifamily homes are buildings that have more than one unit and can house more than one family, such as apartment buildings. They could also be a duplex or a triplex.

Below is a list of factors investors might want to think about when deciding whether to pursue purchasing a multi-unit building:

More Rental Income

A multifamily building can be more expensive upfront to buy than a single family home. However, each unit in the building might produce rental income for the owner.

When combined, these rents can total more than the single revenue from a stand-alone house. Opening up multiple streams of income is one of the main reasons investors opt for multifamily properties.

Fewer Vacancy Issues

When a single family home is vacant, the owner’s rental income stream dries up completely. Owning a multiple family building can mitigate this risk of lost income when a tenant leaves or breaks the lease. If one unit is vacant, even for an extended period, other units might still bring in regular rental income.

Economies of Scale

In some ways, property management costs can be simpler for multifamily homes, especially when it comes to economies of scale. For example, say a landlord needs to replace the roof on a 10-unit building. The cost of replacement may be lower, per unit, than if a landlord needs to replace the roof on just one single family home.

Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home

Diverse Investment Options

Multifamily buildings can offer more property options to investors, too. Potential landlords might invest in anything from small duplexes to large apartment buildings with dozens of units.

Investors can take a more passive role in multifamily investments, as well. Real estate syndication allows a group of investors to pool their resources to buy more expensive buildings than they could afford on their own.

Investments like these used to be the purview of the very wealthy. Since the passage of the JOBS Act in 2012, real estate crowdfunding has increasingly become a more popular option. Buildings funded in this way are generally managed by a professional management company and profits are passed along to investors.

Multi-family investors might want to pursue shares of a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). REITs invest in multifamily properties. They trade much like regular stocks, which makes them easy to buy and sell (offering investors more liquidity).

Investors in REITs have no contact with the day-to-day operations of the underlying investment properties. REITs could be a better fit for long-term investors who aren’t aiming to buy and then resell quickly.

💡 Quick Tip: Generally, the lower your debt-to-income ratio, the better loan terms you’ll be offered. One way to improve your ratio is to increase your income (hello, side hustle!). Another way is to consolidate your debt and lower your monthly debt payments.

Financing a Real Estate Investment

Financing an investment property is a little bit different than financing a first or second home, whether it’s a single family home or a multifamily building. As with the buying of a first house, investors may want to check credit scores and review their financial assets before applying for a mortgage loan.

Potential buyers should also examine their debt-to-income ratio, which shows lenders how much debt borrowers have acquired compared to their income. Lenders review this as one among many factors when evaluating mortgage applications.

It’s likely that prospective buyers of investment properties may need to put down at least 15-20% of the property’s listed value — but it’s not uncommon for lenders to ask for a down payment of 25-35%.

Single family homes can be financed with a conventional mortgage. However, because investment properties pose more risk to loan lenders, interest rates are typically higher than they would be for primary or secondary residences.

Loans for single family houses, duplexes, triplexes, or fourplexes, collectively known as “one-to-fours,” don’t differ very much. In other words, investors looking to buy a building up to four units can do so with a conventional loan.

Loans for apartment buildings with more units, however, may be a bit more complicated. Lenders may consider factors such as:

•   Debt service coverage (cash flow relative to debt)

•   Net income generated by the property (revenue minus expenses)

•   Loan-to-value ratio (the loan amount compared to the value of the property)

There are different, federally backed apartment building loans that certain investors may want to consider, including:

•   Fannie Mae Apartment Loans offer loans of as little as $1 million with 20% down. Fannie Mae offers conventional loans and specialty loans, such as green financing or senior housing.

•   Freddie Mac Apartment Loans offer loans beginning at $1 million, including conventional loans, small balance loans, targeted affordable housing loans, and senior housing loans.

•   Bank Balance Sheet Loans are loans that banks keep in-house. Both traditional and online banks may offer these loans, which they do not repackage and sell to government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. The loans remain on the banks’ balance sheets. These loans don’t require owners to live in the same community as the building they’re buying. They are becoming less prevalent, but some banks still offer them.

•   FHA Apartment Loans, aka HUD 223(f) loans, start at $2 million. They’re insured by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and they are available for the purchase of buildings with five or more units.

The Takeaway on Comparing Mortgage Options

Purchasing a rental property, whether a single family home or a multi-unit building, could be one way to diversify an investment portfolio. A mortgage loan from a private lender may help investors to purchase a stand-alone rental home or multifamily building.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.



*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

‡Up to $9,500 cash back: HomeStory Rewards is offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services, a licensed real estate broker. HomeStory Real Estate Services is not affiliated with SoFi Bank, N.A. (SoFi). SoFi is not responsible for the program provided by HomeStory Real Estate Services. Obtaining a mortgage from SoFi is optional and not required to participate in the program offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services. The borrower may arrange for financing with any lender. Rebate amount based on home sale price, see table for details.

Qualifying for the reward requires using a real estate agent that participates in HomeStory’s broker to broker agreement to complete the real estate buy and/or sell transaction. You retain the right to negotiate buyer and or seller representation agreements. Upon successful close of the transaction, the Real Estate Agent pays a fee to HomeStory Real Estate Services. All Agents have been independently vetted by HomeStory to meet performance expectations required to participate in the program. If you are currently working with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®. A reward is not available where prohibited by state law, including Alaska, Iowa, Louisiana and Missouri. A reduced agent commission may be available for sellers in lieu of the reward in Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Oregon and should be discussed with the agent upon enrollment. No reward will be available for buyers in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Oregon. A commission credit may be available for buyers in lieu of the reward in New Jersey and must be discussed with the agent upon enrollment and included in a Buyer Agency Agreement with Rebate Provision. Rewards in Kansas and Tennessee are required to be delivered by gift card.

HomeStory will issue the reward using the payment option you select and will be sent to the client enrolled in the program within 45 days of HomeStory Real Estate Services receipt of settlement statements and any other documentation reasonably required to calculate the applicable reward amount. Real estate agent fees and commissions still apply. Short sale transactions do not qualify for the reward. Depending on state regulations highlighted above, reward amount is based on sale price of the home purchased and/or sold and cannot exceed $9,500 per buy or sell transaction. Employer-sponsored relocations may preclude participation in the reward program offering. SoFi is not responsible for the reward.

SoFi Bank, N.A. (NMLS #696891) does not perform any activity that is or could be construed as unlicensed real estate activity, and SoFi is not licensed as a real estate broker. Agents of SoFi are not authorized to perform real estate activity.

If your property is currently listed with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®.

Reward is valid for 18 months from date of enrollment. After 18 months, you must re-enroll to be eligible for a reward.

SoFi loans subject to credit approval. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.

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