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It’s hard to believe that Americans ever got by without plastic, but the credit card is less than 75 years old. There’s a good chance your grandparents could tell you about life in the days of nothing but cash or checks.

Today, about 84% of Americans have at least one credit card, which allows them to quickly and conveniently tap or swipe their way towards purchases. Unfortunately, those rectangles of plastic may make spending a little too easy: The average household has almost $8,000 in this kind of debt.

Here, you’ll learn just how the credit card came into being, as well as smart ways to manage your credit card usage more effectively.

The Origins of Credit

Here’s how the story of the first credit card goes: Businessman Frank McNamara was having dinner at a New York City restaurant in 1949 when he realized he forgot his wallet. Rather than dine and dash, he came clean and asked if he could sign for the meal and pay later.

Though some say this legendary dinner never happened, everyone agrees McNamara founded Diners Club, the world’s first multipurpose charge card, in 1950. McNamara sold Diners Club memberships to friends and acquaintances willing to pay $3 for the “sign now, pay later” privilege at participating restaurants and hotels.

Until that point, only individual stores extended credit to customers. If you couldn’t pay for, say, a dress or a new suit at the general store — and the owner knew you were good for the money — you could run up a tab and pay cash later. But the Diners Club card provided the benefit of credit at multiple locations instead of just one establishment.


💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. One question can save you many dollars.

Next Came the “Big Four” of Credit Cards

Of course, future entrepreneurs and banks wouldn’t let Diners Club monopolize the charge and credit market for long. Eventually, other cards came on the scene—most notably Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover.

•   Visa: In 1958, Bank of America issued the BankAmericard — the first true credit card — to customers in California. While the original Diners Club card required payment in full at the end of each month, BankAmericard users could pay off purchases over time. In 1976, BankAmericard became Visa.

•   Mastercard: BankAmericard got a run for its money when a group of banks joined forces in 1966 to create the Interbank Card Association (ICA). In 1969, ICA created Master Charge: The Interbank Card, which became Mastercard in 1979.

•   American Express: The American Express Company has been around since 1850, but it didn’t issue its first charge card until 1958. Like Diners Club, the American Express card had to be paid in full each month. That changed in 1987 with the introduction of the Optima card, the first true credit card by American Express. (Fun fact: Elvis Presley was one of the earliest American Express card members.)

•   Discover: Discover is the newest major credit card network on the scene. Sears launched the Discover card in 1986, distinguishing it from the pack by charging no annual fees and offering higher credit limits than other cards at the time.

Discover was also the innovator of cash rewards on credit card purchases—back in 1986. At that time, Discover cardholders could earn rewards of up to 1% cash back on all purchases. Incidentally, Discover Financial Services purchased Diners Club International in 2008.

How Credit Cards Have Changed Over Time

A lot has changed since McNamara’s legendary dinner. Take a look at some of the biggest shifts in the credit industry:

The Ubiquity of Credit

In the early decades, credit was curbed by restrictive interstate banking laws. But credit’s big breakthrough came in 1978, when the Supreme Court ruled to allow nationally chartered banks to charge out-of-state customers the interest rate set in the bank’s home state.

Credit expanded as a result, and today, the average American credit card holder has nearly four cards.

The Evolution of Fees

When Diners Club began, it made money by charging stores a 7% fee on all transactions. Today, credit card companies charge interest on debt, too, so they make money when you don’t pay your bill in full. This is what’s typically known as high-interest debt. How high? At the end of 2023, the average credit card interest rate was reported as 24.59%.

Also, Diners Club used to charge nominal membership fees, but by the 1980s, many credit card companies eliminated annual fees to stay competitive.

The Advent of Rewards

The ’80s also brought tangible rewards for using credit cards instead of cash. Discover pioneered cash rewards, allowing cardholders to get a percentage back on purchases charged. And in 1987, Citibank made a deal with American Airlines to give consumers reward points to use for future flights.

Today, consumers continue to use credit card rewards programs to earn cash or points for future purchases, including travel. In fact, more than 87% of credit card users have rewards programs associated with their cards.

How to Control Your Credit

Credit can be convenient and a real asset when you want to buy something you don’t have enough cash to pay for outright. It’s a powerful tool, and one that must be managed wisely. In the summer of 2023, credit card balances in America hit a new milestone, topping a total of $1 trillion. That likely means many people are carrying a significant amount of debt. To avoid having your balances soar too high, consider these ways to take control of your credit.

Build Your Credit History Wisely

It might sound enticing to pay for everything in cash (and thus stay out of debt), but most of us don’t have the cash flow to pay for college, buy a car, and purchase a home outright. Besides, even if you do have the cash to buy everything you need right now, when the day comes to apply for a loan, you’ll need a solid credit history to qualify.

If you’ve never had a single credit card or loan, your credit history is minimal, which means you pose a higher risk to lenders. In that way it pays to borrow, as long as you do so responsibly. That means spending less than you earn and paying your bills on time, every time. Whenever possible, pay off your credit card in full every month.

Consider Prefinancing

Of course, credit cards aren’t the only way to pay for purchases and build a strong debt payment history. Prefinancing (getting access to a sum of money in advance of a purchase), such as taking out a personal loan, is another option. When you apply for a loan, you’re requesting a specific amount of money from a lender and agreeing to repay that loan over a predetermined period of time.

How credit cards work is a different process. When you pay on credit, the credit card network (e.g., Visa) pays the merchant (e.g., Home Depot) for your purchases, and you pay the network back for your purchases each month. If you don’t pay your balance in full, you’ll be charged interest on future payments.

Between the two options, prefinancing may offer the benefit of lower interest rates and shorter loan terms, helping you get out of debt quicker. After all, if you don’t have a system in place to pay off purchases in a reasonable time frame, credit card debt can haunt you for a long time.

Think about it: If you’ve racked up $15,000 in credit card debt at an interest rate of 20%, and make a payment of $300 each month, it will take you 109 months (9+ years) to pay off your debt, including $17,635.48 in interest, by the way. (You can use a credit card interest calculator to see how your own debt stacks up.)

Understand Your Credit Score

Whenever you borrow money via a personal loan or use your credit card, your lenders and creditors send details of those transactions to three major national credit bureaus (Equifax®, Experian®, and TransUnion®). That information is then used to assess your creditworthiness, which is expressed as a three-digit credit score that represents the risk you pose to lenders.

The higher your credit score, the less risky you are in their eyes. FICO® scores are the ones used most often in lending decisions in the United States, with scores typically ranging from 300 (poor) to 850 (exceptional).

Your credit score comprises five categories, and each one has an impact:

•   Payment history: Late or missed payments drag down your score.

•   Amounts owed: High balances can hurt you; maxing out your credit cards is even more damaging.

•   Length of credit history: A long history can increase your score.

•   Credit mix in use: A healthy mix of credit cards, student loans, a mortgage loan, etc., can boost your score.

•   New credit: Opening several credit accounts in a short period of time can damage your score.

💡 Quick Tip: Swap high-interest debt for a lower-interest loan, and save money on your monthly payments. Find out why SoFi credit card consolidation loans are so popular.

Build Your Credit Score

If your credit score isn’t where you want it to be, there’s good news: Scores aren’t set in stone. Try these tips to build yours:

Getting out of Credit Card Debt With a Personal Loan

Sometimes the problem is bigger than a low credit score. Unfortunately, some people get so deep into debt that it’s hard to find a way out on their own. One option: A personal loan to pay off credit card debt. This kind of loan usually allows you to consolidate high-interest credit card debt into one lower-interest loan with a fixed monthly payment.

Balance-transfer credit cards are another potential avenue to get out from under debt. Keep in mind, though, that these likely charge balance transfer fees, and your interest rate will be considerable after the promotional period. On the other hand, if you shop around, you may be able to find a personal loan that doesn’t charge origination or other fees.

You might also benefit from free or low-cost financial counseling from a nonprofit organization, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling (NFCC).

The Takeaway

Clearly, Americans have become accustomed to and perhaps even reliant on credit cards since they were developed almost 75 years ago. When managed effectively, credit cards are valuable tools to help you pay for the things you need and to sustain the lifestyle you want.

If, however, you feel weighed down by credit card debt, start taking steps to control your credit, rather than letting it control you. Consider your options, such as balance transfer credit cards or using a personal loan, to help you pay off your balance.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Wedding bands are a symbol of a couple’s eternal love and commitment, but they’re also an added expense in the wedding budget. One way to potentially score a deal on your rings is by shopping during strategic times of the year.

Sales often occur in the weeks between Thanksgiving and Christmas. And you may find a bargain during September and October, when jewelers need to clear out old stock before the holidays.

But February, the month devoted to lovers, can also be a good time to shop for wedding bands. Here’s why.

Reasons to Buy Your Wedding Bands in February

There are a few reasons why you may want to shop for wedding rings during the shortest month of the year.

It’s a Popular Time for Proposals

Many people pop the question between Christmas Eve and New Year’s Day, and Valentine’s Day continues to be one of the most popular holidays for couples to get engaged.

Jewelers know this, and they often prepare for the influx of business by rolling out promotions on engagement rings and wedding bands. Consider hitting the stores between New Year’s Day and Valentine’s Day, before the crowds show up. And if you can, shop during an off-peak time of day when the store is quieter. You may find it easier to try to negotiate a better price for your bands.


💡 Quick Tip: Need help covering the cost of a wedding, honeymoon, or new baby? A SoFi personal loan can help you fund major life events — without the high interest rates of credit cards.

Bridal Fairs Are Kicking Into Gear

Many bridal expos are held in February and March, offering couples a chance to see the latest wedding band styles without the sales pressure. Vendors are there to give tips as well as a good pitch, and some may offer limited-time, expo-related discounts.

Gather up information and coupons at the bridal fair, then give yourselves a day or two to regroup and possibly go make a purchase.

The Timing Works for a Summer Wedding

Jewelers typically recommend shopping for wedding bands at least three to four months before your wedding date — longer if you have your heart set on a one-of-a-kind design. That will give you time to look and look again, get the rings sized, and have any engraving or other customizing done.

For couples getting married in the summer — peak wedding season — this will mean starting the ring buying process in February.

How to Shop For Wedding Bands

No matter what time of year you shop for a wedding ring, it’s a good idea to do a little prep work before you hit the stores. Here are some things to consider doing ahead of time.

Set a Budget

You want bands you’ll love forever, but not at a price that will put you in debt for the rest of your lives. At the start, let your jeweler know what your budget is, and they can work with you to find rings within that range.

Consider a Wedding Set

If you haven’t settled on an engagement ring yet, you may want to look into purchasing a wedding set. This set includes your engagement ring and a matching wedding band. Buying both at the same time could save you money.

Shop Around

As with most major purchases, you’ll want to shop around for wedding bands. Visit different jewelers, including online shops, and don’t be afraid to ask questions about the pros and cons of different metals, gemstones, and designs.

Once you find the bands you want, try negotiating for a better price. You may be able to increase your chances of getting a deal by offering to pay all cash.

How to Pay For Your Wedding Bands

A wedding ring is usually cheaper than an engagement ring, but it can still take a significant bite out of your budget.

According to The Knot, the typical men’s wedding band costs around $510, while the average woman’s band runs closer to $1,100. Prices can vary widely based on a number of factors, including the metal type, overall design, and gemstones.

Let’s look at a few common ways to finance wedding rings.

No-Interest Credit Cards

Larger jewelry stores usually offer some sort of in-store financing, including no-interest credit cards. You can also apply for one directly with a lender.

This option lets you buy the bands you want today, which is a major benefit. And it could make good financial sense if you’re able to pay off the balance before the promotional period ends. However, if you can’t, you’ll have to pay interest on whatever you owe. And that interest rate probably will be higher than other credit card or loan offers available to you.

Buy Now, Pay Later

Think of buy now, pay later (or BNPL) as a kind of installment payment plan. It allows you to purchase your wedding bands today and then spread out payments over a set number of weeks or months, often for zero or low interest. Klarna, Afterpay, and Affirm are all common examples of BNPL providers.

Usually, no minimum credit score is required for approval. Rather, providers will consider the amount available on the debit or credit card you’re using in the transaction, your history with that lender, and key details about the item you’re buying.

Also, a soft credit check is typically conducted to approve or reject your request, but it does not impact your credit score.

As with a no-interest credit card, if you pay off the BNPL plan as planned, you may not incur interest or fees. But if funds aren’t paid on time, or a longer-term plan is chosen, you could be hit with a high interest rate and/or late fees.

Personal Loan

You can get a personal loan from a bank, credit union, or online lender. Many, but not all, personal loans are unsecured, which means you won’t need to put up any collateral, such as a house or car. Instead, lenders will consider your creditworthiness.

Most personal loans are paid back within three to five years, and the interest rate tends to be higher if there is no collateral. The better your credit score is, the lower the interest rate and monthly payment will be. However, the lower the payment, the longer it might take you to pay off the loan.

Generally speaking, once you’re approved for a loan, you can receive funds within days. In some cases, you may be able to get the money within a day or two. This quick influx of cash can come in handy if you’re planning to haggle for a better price on the band.


💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. One question can save you many dollars.

The Takeaway

Wedding bands can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars, but fortunately, there are ways couples may be able to save money. Shopping during certain times of the year, including February, can help. During that month, you may be able to take advantage of special promotions, including those offered at local bridal shows. Be sure to shop around, and when you find the ring you want, don’t be afraid to try your hand at haggling.

If you need help paying for the rings, you have several options to explore. For example, no-interest credit cards and buy now, pay later programs can both provide you with the funds you need right away. However, if you don’t pay off the balance before the promotional period ends, you could face high interest rates. A personal loan is another way to pay for rings. While you may not be required to put up any collateral, the lender will consider your creditworthiness.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Returning to school can help you advance in your current job, open you up to new professional opportunities, and increase your salary. But those potential benefits don’t come without costs.

If you’re thinking about going back to school at 30 (or any age), it’s a good idea to consider what you hope to gain out of more education, and whether it may increase your earning potential or improve your job (and overall life) satisfaction. You’ll then want to factor in how much the program will cost and how you’ll pay for it.

There’s no one simple formula to determine whether or not going back to school is worth it, but these tips can help you make an informed decision.

Determining Whether Going Back to School Is Worth It

Once you’re clear about what program you’d like to pursue and have a list of schools to consider, you may want to ask yourself the following:

•   Will the degree help me in my career path?

•   Is this degree necessary to continue on my career path?

•   Will this degree increase my job and overall life satisfaction?

•   Will my investment in this degree be worth the cost?

Here’s a look at how you can answer each one of these questions.

Will This Degree Help Me in My Career Path?

When going back to school as an adult, it’s important to position yourself for continued growth based upon the career progress you’ve made to date. Sometimes, your continuing education of choice will take you further on the same career path you’ve already established. Other times, you will be broadening your education to branch out into complementary fields.

Talk to Trusted Colleagues

To make sure that the program you’re choosing will help you to accomplish your career goals, consider talking to people whose judgment you trust, including those who have pursued the path you’re considering.

Review Linkedin

Another resource that might be worth checking out is LinkedIn. You can search the profiles of people who work for companies you admire or who are in a job position you’d like for yourself. What educational credentials have they listed? If they have a graduate degree, which one? Does this mesh with what you have in mind?

Recommended: 6 Ways to Save Money for Grad School

Evaluate Career Opportunities

Sometimes, of course, obtaining additional education is necessary to fulfill your career goals. This is true if you want to become a doctor, dentist, nurse, or lawyer. In other cases, you may not necessarily need additional education to get a job in a particular field, but you might need further education to rise up the career ladder, get a significant increase in pay, or work for a particularly prestigious company.

Obtaining an MBA, for instance, can provide you with skills that will suit you well in various fields. It can also position you to take on new career positions and boost your overall pay.

Is This Degree Necessary to Continue on My Career Path?

Sometimes, of course, obtaining additional education is necessary in order to fulfill your career goals. This is true if you want to become a doctor or a dentist, a nurse or a lawyer. And, in other cases, you may not necessarily need additional education to get a job in a particular field, but you might aspire to work for a company that requires further education from its professionals.

Obtaining an MBA, for instance, can provide you with skills that will suit you well in various fields. And companies are very interested in hiring MBA graduates: After a hiring slump due to the Covid-19 pandemic, companies planning to hire MBAs in 2021 has rebounded to the same level as pre-pandemic, according to The Graduate Management Admission Council . In other words, not only can getting an MBA increase your skill set, it also may set you up for greater career and financial success down the line.

Will This Degree Increase My Job and Overall Life Satisfaction?

Any time you invest significant resources into a decision, such as going back to school, you probably have desired outcomes in mind. If you’re thinking about going to college to finish your degree (or for the first time) or going to grad school, you may be hoping to receive a promotion or get a better or more satisfying job, which is reasonable. But, it’s also important to consider whether those accomplishments will really make you happier.

A lot of the things in work that make us happy are intangible: a work culture and community that aligns with your values, work-life balance, or a boss you work well with. Having said that, you might need an advanced degree to get into companies and positions that provide these essentials.

Keep this in mind when deciding if going back to school is the right decision to make.

Will My Investment in This Degree Be Worth the Cost?

To determine the answer to this question, you’ll want to try to calculate what your financial return on education (ROEd) might be. To do this, you’ll first need to research the salary potential for someone with the degree you’re considering. You can then look at the costs involved to determine if, and when, the investment will likely pay off.

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, workers aged 25 to 34 with bachelor’s degrees earn, on average, 55% percent more than those who completed high school; those with master’s or higher degrees earn around 21% more than those with bachelor’s degrees.

How to Finance Going Back to School as an Adult

If you decide going back to school is worth the cost, the next step is to figure out how to pay for the program of your choice.

Explore Private Scholarships

First, you can conduct a scholarship search and explore foundations and organizations that may provide funding to you based upon your professional credentials, your community, religious affiliation, and/or ethnicity, etc. Also, you could check to see if your employer offers tuition reimbursement or any scholarship or grant programs that can benefit you.

Federal Financial Aid

It’s also a good idea to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This will give you access to financial aid, including grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans. If you’re looking into grad school, keep in mind that graduate or professional students are typically considered independent students for the purposes of completing the FAFSA form. This means you generally are not required to provide parent information.

Grants and scholarships are a form of gift aid and do not need to be paid back. Federal student loans need to be repaid, but come with benefits such as income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness programs.

Private Student Loans

If financial aid isn’t enough to cover the cost of going back to school, you might look into getting a private student loan. These are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Loan limits vary from lender to lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance for an undergraduate or graduate program. Interest rates vary but borrowers who have strong credit generally qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-based repayment plans and deferment or forbearance — that automatically come with federal student loans.


💡 Quick Tip: Master’s degree or graduate certificate? Private or federal student loans can smooth the path to either goal.

Refinancing Existing Student Loans

If you’re heading back to school and have existing student loans from your undergraduate degree, refinancing might allow you to qualify for a lower interest rate. This can either help you pay off the loan faster and/or decrease how much you pay each month. You can also lower your monthly payments by refinancing for a longer loan term. However, this will result in paying more interest overall.

You can refinance private or federal student loans. It’s important to note that when you refinance federal student loans with a private lender, you forfeit certain federal benefits, such as forbearance and forgiveness programs.

What Is Student Loan Entrance Counseling?

If you plan to go back to school as an adult and take out federal student loans, keep in mind that all federal borrowers must go through student loan entrance counseling. This is a short, online course that is designed to help ensure students understand the responsibilities and requirements that come with borrowing student loans. It highlights the terms and conditions of borrowing a loan, and also emphasizes borrower rights.

The federal government conducts student loan entrance counseling online. You can get details on the course by logging into your account on the Federal Student Aid website.

The Takeaway

When evaluating whether or not going back to school is worth the cost, you’ll want to factor in things like your career goals, the anticipated job market after graduation, typical program costs, and average salaries for the career you are pursuing with the degree.

Going back to school is a personal choice. While it typically comes with added expenses, you may decide that the potential returns make it well worth the investment.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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When you take out any type of loan, you typically pay interest. This is the cost of borrowing money from a lender. The interest you pay for many student loans starts growing from the day the funds are released and continues until you’ve fully paid off the loan. This is why you pay more for most student loans than the amount you originally borrowed.

No-interest loans or interest-free loans, also known as scholarship loans, don’t charge any interest, so you only pay back exactly what you borrowed. They are typically offered by nonprofit organizations, state governments, and universities.

While these loans are relatively rare, and amounts tend to lower than other types of student loans, no-interest student loans do exist and may be worth looking into for the potential savings. Read on to learn how interest-free student loans work and where to find them.

What Is a No-Interest Student Loan?

Interest-free student loans are loans that do not accrue interest. Unlike grants and scholarships, the loan amount must be repaid. Because there are no interest charges, however, the amount repaid by the borrower remains the same as the original amount borrowed. Traditional student loans, whether federal or private, all come with interest rates that are either fixed or variable.

The interest rates on federal student loans are fixed and are set annually by Congress. For the 2023-2024 school year, the interest rate on Direct Subsidized or Unsubsidized Loans for undergraduates is 5.50%, the rate on Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate and professional students is 7.05%, and the rate on Direct PLUS Loans for graduate students, professional students, and parents is 8.05%.

While federal student loan rates are the same for every borrower, private student loan rates range based on the lender, the type of interest rate (fixed or variable), and the borrower’s credit score. Interest on private loans can run anywhere from 4.42% to 16.99% APR.

Whatever the interest rate on a student loan, you will end up paying more than you borrow. No-interest student loans can be an attractive alternative. Here are some places to look for interest-free loans:

•   Schools Some colleges and universities offer no-interest loans for current students to cover emergency expenses.

•   States You may be able to find an interest-free student loan through your state’s education agency. For example, Massachusetts offers students who demonstrate financial need and attend a qualifying school in Massachusetts a no-interest loan for up to $4,000 each academic year.

•   Nonprofit organizations Some foundations and nonprofits offer no-interest student loans. These loans can be set up in different ways. In some cases, you can get a small loan amount; in others, the organization will pay your remaining cost of attendance. Some are awarded based on merit, while others are awarded based on financial need.

💡 Quick Tip: Make no payments on SoFi private student loans for six months after graduation.

Applying for Interest-Free Student Loans

The application process for most interest-free loans resembles the application process for grants or scholarships more closely than a traditional loan application.

It’s a good idea to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), even if you want to focus on loans without interest. Some interest-free loans use the FAFSA to determine financial need. And while federal loans generally accrue interest, they typically have lower rates than private student loans. Federal student loans also come with benefits, such as income-based repayment and forgiveness programs, that private student loans and no-interest loans may not offer.

Interest-free student loans are often local and state-based, rather than national. They may require proof of residency in a certain state. Some may also have an essay requirement, as well academic requirements, and might even require an interview.

The process is usually more intense than a regular student loan because funds are limited. Some state agencies and philanthropic organizations use the term “scholarship loan” to refer to interest-free loans. Scholarship loans may also be repaid through public service.

Keep in mind though that those organizations are still separate from the government, and do not offer the same repayment plans as the loans offered through the U.S. Department of Education.

Subsidized Loans: No Interest Until After Graduation

Interest-free loans are relatively rare, so it’s possible that students will still need to rely on federal student aid. There are two types of federal Direct Loans available to undergraduate students: subsidized and unsubsidized.

Subsidized loans are available to undergraduates who demonstrate financial need. The U.S. Department of Education pays the interest accruing on the loans while you’re in school, during your six-month grace period, and when your loans are in deferment.

On the other hand, unsubsidized student loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students, and they don’t require that students demonstrate need in order to qualify. Interest accrues while you’re in school, and during grace periods, deferment, or forbearance — and you’re responsible for paying the interest.

Federal student loans also offer a few different payment plans, including income-driven repayment plans, so that borrowers can find the option that works best for them. There are also borrower protections like deferment or forbearance that can act as a safety net for borrowers who find themselves facing financial difficulties down the road.


💡 Quick Tip: Would-be borrowers will want to understand the different types of student loans that are available: private student loans, federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans, Direct PLUS loans, and more.

The Takeaway

No-interest student loans, sometimes called scholarship loans or interest-free loans, are loans awarded to students that do not accrue interest at all. While not common, there are some nonprofits, state agencies, schools, corporations, and religious organizations that offer interest-free loans to students.

In case you’re not able to find or qualify for a no-interest loan, it’s a good idea to fill out the FAFSA to access other forms of financial aid, including grants, scholarships, and federal student loans.

Sometimes, financial aid and scholarships don’t provide enough funding to pay for college. In that case, you might want to look into private student loans. While private student loans can be helpful tools when it comes to paying for college, they do not have the same borrower protections as federal student loans, so you generally only want to consider them after all other aid options have been reviewed.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A forward contract, also referred to as a forward, is a type of customizable derivative contract between a buyer and a seller that sets the sale of an asset at a specific price on a specific future date. Like all derivatives, a forward contract is not an asset itself, but a contract representing the potential future trade of an underlying asset.

Forward contracts are similar to options, as discussed below, but there are some key differences that investors will need to know if they plan to use forwards as a part of their investing strategy.

How Do Forward Contracts Work?

Forwards are similar to options contracts in that they set a specific price, amount, and expiration date for a trade, but they are different because most options give traders the right, but not the obligation, to trade. With forwards contracts the transaction must take place on the expiration date.

Unlike futures contracts, another type of derivative, forwards are only settled once on their expiration date. The ability to customize forwards makes them popular with investors, since the buyer and seller can set the exact terms they want for the contract. Many other types of derivative contracts have preset contract terms.

There are four main aspects and terms that traders should understand and consider before entering into a forward contract. These components are:

•   Asset: This refers to the underlying asset associated with the forward contract.

•   Expiration Date: This is the date that the contract ends, and this is when the actual trade occurs between the buyer and seller. Traders will either settle the contract in cash or through the trade of the asset.

•   Quantity: The forward contract will specify the number of units of the underlying asset subject to the transaction.

•   Price: The contract will include the price per unit of the underlying asset, including the currency in which the transaction will take place.

Investors trade forwards over the counter instead of on centralized exchanges. Since the two parties custom create the forwards, they are more flexible than other types of financial products. However, they carry higher risk due to a lack of regulation and third party guarantee.


💡 Quick Tip: In order to profit from purchasing a stock, the price has to rise. But an options account offers more flexibility, and an options trader might gain if the price rises or falls. This is a high-risk strategy, and investors can lose money if the trade moves in the wrong direction.

Recommended: What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Stocks?

What’s the Difference Between Forward and Futures Contracts?

Futures and forwards have many similarities in that they are both types of investments that specify a price, quantity, and date of a future transaction. However, there are some key differences for traders to know, including:

•   Futures are standardized options contracts traded on centralized exchanges, while forwards are customized contracts created privately between two parties.

•   Futures are settled through clearing houses, making them less risky and more guaranteed than forwards contracts, which are settled directly between the two parties. Parties involved in futures contracts almost never default on them.

•   Futures are marked to market and settled daily, meaning that investors can execute a strategy to trade them whenever an exchange is open. Forwards are only settled on the expiration date. Because of this, forwards don’t usually include initial margins or maintenance margins like futures do.

•   It’s more common for futures to be settled in cash, while forwards are often settled in the asset.

•   The futures market is highly liquid, making it easy for investors to buy and sell whenever they want to, whereas the forwards market is far less liquid, adding additional risk.

Forward Contract Example

Let’s look at an example of a forward contract. If an agricultural company knows that in six months they will have one million bushels of wheat to sell, they may have concerns about changes in the price of wheat. If they think the price of wheat might decline in six months, they could enter into a forward contract with a financial institution that agrees to purchase the wheat for $5 per bushel in six months time in a cash settlement.

By the time of the expiration date, there are three possibilities for the wheat market:

1.    The price per bushel is still $5. If the asset price hasn’t changed in six months, no transaction takes place between the agricultural company and the financial institution and the contract expires.

2.    The price per bushel has increased. Let’s say the price of wheat is now $5.20 per bushel. In this case the agricultural producer must pay the financial institution $0.20 per bushel, the difference between the current price market and the price set in the contract, which was $5. So, the agricultural producer must pay $200,000.

3.    The price per bushel has decreased. Let’s say the price is now $4.50. In this case the financial institution must pay the agricultural producer the difference between the spot price and the contract price, which would be $500,000.

Pros and Cons of Trading Forwards

Forwards can be useful tools for traders, but they also come with risks and downsides.

Pros of Trading Forwards

There are several reasons that investors might choose to use a forward:

•   Flexibility in the terms set by the contract

•   Hedge against future losses

•   Useful tool for speculation

•   Large market

Cons of Trading Forwards

Investors who use forwards should be aware that there are risks involved with these financial products. Those include:

•   Risky and unpredictable market

•   Not as liquid as the futures market

•   OTC trading means a higher chance of default and no third party guarantees or regulations

•   Details of contracts in the market are not made known to the public

•   Contracts are only settled on the expiration date, making them riskier than futures contracts that are marked-to-market regularly

Who Uses Forward Contracts?

Typically, institutional investors and day traders use forwards more commonly than retail investors. That’s because the forwards market can be risky and unpredictable since traders create the contracts privately on a case-by-case basis. Often the public does not learn the details of agreements, and there is a risk that one party will default.

Institutional traders often use forwards to lock in exchange rates ahead of a planned international purchase. Traders might also buy and sell contracts themselves instead of waiting for the trade of the underlying asset.

Traders also use forwards to speculate on assets. For instance, if a trader thinks the price of an asset will increase in the future, they might enter into a long position in a forward contract to be able to buy the asset at the current lower price and sell it at the future higher price for a profit.

How Do Investors Use Forwards?

Traders use forwards to hedge against future losses and avoid price volatility by locking in a particular asset price or to speculate on the price of a particular asset, such as a currency, commodity, or stock. Forwards are not subject to price fluctuations since buyers and sellers have agreed to a predetermined price.

The trader buying a forward contract is taking a long position, and the trader selling is going into a short position. This is similar to options traders who buy calls and puts. The long position profits if the price of the underlying asset goes up, and the short position profits if it goes down.

Locking in a future price can be very helpful for traders, especially for assets that tend to be volatile such as currencies or commodities like oil, wheat, precious metals, natural gas.

Recommended: Why Is It Risky to Invest in Commodities?

The Takeaway

Forward contracts are a common way for institutional investors to hedge against future volatility or protect against losses. However, they’re risky securities that may not be the best investment for most retail investors.

Given the specialized nature of forwards contracts (and other types of options), the risks may outweigh the potential rewards for many investors. As such, it may be a good idea to consult a financial professional before dabbling with forwards, or incorporating them into a larger investing strategy.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

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