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Who doesn’t like a little something extra? While there are some benefits your employer is required to provide you, they may also give you additional perks in the form of what are known as “fringe benefits.”

Here’s a look at some examples of fringe benefits, how they work, and whether they’re taxable.

What Are Fringe Benefits?

Typically, employers compensate their employees with a traditional paycheck and some additional benefits that they must provide, such as workers’ compensation coverage or unemployment.

But in an effort to keep workers happy, loyal, and motivated — attract new talent — many organizations also offer fringe benefits such as health insurance, childcare assistance, and employee stock options. These extras are above and beyond a regular paycheck and are often included in a hiring package.


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Common Fringe Benefits

Here’s a look at some common fringe benefits:

•  Accident and health benefits: Provides help with health-related costs not covered by your traditional insurance plan.

•  Athletic facilities: Provides access to on- and off-site athletic and gym facilities.

•  Dependent care assistance: Helps you pay for some care-related expenses for qualifying dependents, including children, a disabled spouse or legally dependent parents.

•  Adoption assistance: Provides payment and reimbursement for expenses related to adopting a child.

•  Employee stock options: Gives employees the chance to buy a certain amount of company stock at a specified price and by a certain time.

•  Group-term life insurance coverage: Allows employers to provide their employees with up to $50,000 in tax-free insurance. Coverage is traditionally 1-2x salary, where the first $50,000 is received tax-free, then any additional coverage is taxed.

•  Health savings accounts (HSAs): Provides tax-advantaged savings accounts for employees enrolled in high-deductible health plans. These accounts may receive contributions by the employer or simply be funded on a pre-tax basis by the employee to help them pay for dental and health care costs.

•  Transportation and commuting benefits: Helps employees get to and from work, such as through the use of a company vehicle. Employees may also be able to have qualified transportation costs taken from their pre-tax pay, which reduces their taxable income.

•  Tuition reduction: Allows employers to chip in for the cost of tuition to educate an employee and sometimes their spouse or children.

•  Meals: Provides employees with free on-site food and snacks.

For a more complete list of fringe benefits, check out IRS Publication 15-B .

Are Fringe Benefits Taxable?

Generally speaking, most fringe benefits are subject to employment taxes. The taxes are taken out of your paycheck and reported on your annual tax return. (If you’re a contractor, you’ll typically report fringe benefits on a Form 1099-MISC. If you’re a non-employee, fringe benefits are not subject to employment tax.)

That said, the IRS does consider some fringe benefits nontaxable. This means they’re not subject to federal income tax withholding, Social Security, Medicare, or federal unemployment tax, nor must they be reported on your tax return. Often, in order for a fringe benefit to avoid being taxed, certain qualifications must be met.

Here are some extra perks that are considered nontaxable (the full list is available on the IRS’ site:

•   Retirement planning services

•   Adoption assistance

•   Meals and snacks (If certain conditions are met)

•   Health insurance (up to a certain dollar amount)

•   Group-term life insurance (up to a certain amount of coverage)

•   Commuting or transportation benefits

•   Dependent care assistance (up to a certain amount)

•   Awards given for achievements

Tax-Advantaged Fringe Benefits

Some fringe benefits allow employees to direct a certain amount of funds pretax toward qualified accounts and expenses, which can lower their taxable income.

These tax-advantaged benefits are (somewhat oddly) known as “cafeteria plans,” because they allow employees to select the benefits they want. You must be permitted to choose from at least one taxable benefit, like cash, and one qualified benefit. Examples of qualified benefits include:

•  401(k) plans

•  Accident and health benefits, excluding Archer medical savings accounts and long-term care insurance.

•  Adoption assistance

•  Dependent care assistance

•  Group-term life insurance coverage

•  HSAs (distributions from HSAs can be used to purchase long-term care coverage.)

There are, predictably, a few more nuanced rules about cafeteria plans and employee tax treatment. While most regular employees receive normal tax treatment, other employees or contractors may not be treated as such for cafeteria plans.

If you have tax-related questions about fringe benefits, it might be a good idea to consult your attorney or preferred tax specialist.


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Planning Around Fringe Benefits

Employers typically offer fringe benefits to make the work environment better for the people who currently work there and more desirable for prospective employees.

Some benefits may hold a lot of appeal. For example, 401(k)s are a powerful tool for saving for your retirement. But others may be less appealing. For instance, you may decide you don’t want to use FSAs, which often restrict how much you can contribute and when you have to spend the funds.

It’s common to choose which fringe benefits you want when you’re starting a new job and filling out your initial paperwork. However, many companies will allow you to go back and make changes if you decide later that some choices aren’t right for you.

The Takeaway

Fringe benefits can run the gamut from use of the company car to adoption assistance to employee stock options (to name just a few examples). These extra perks are in addition to your paycheck and can be a powerful way to keep workers happy and loyal while also attracting new talent.

Generally speaking, most fringe benefits are taxable, though some — like retirement planning assistance, athletic facilities, and on-site meals and snacks — are not. Some fringe benefits will even allow you to direct a portion of funds pretax toward qualified accounts and expenses, which can help lower your taxable income.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

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*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Whether you’re purchasing a new pair of eyeglasses, stocking up on over-the-counter medications, or paying for your child’s daycare, there may be certain expenses your health insurance plan doesn’t cover.

In those cases, having a flexible spending account, or FSA, could help you save money. This special savings account lets you set aside pretax dollars to pay for eligible out-of-pocket healthcare expenses, which in turn can lower your taxable income.

Let’s take a look at how these accounts work.

What Is an FSA?

An FSA is an employer-sponsored savings account you can use to pay for certain health care and dependent costs. It’s commonly included as part of a benefits package, so if you purchased a plan on the Health Insurance Marketplace, or have Medicaid or Medicare, you may no longer qualify for a FSA.
There are three types of FSA accounts:

•   Health care FSAs, which can be used to pay for eligible medical and dental expenses.

•   Dependent care FSAs, which can be used to pay for eligible child and adult care expenses, such as preschool, summer camp, and home health care.

•   Limited expense health care FSA, which can be used to pay for dental and vision expenses. This type of account is available to those who have a high-deductible health plan with a health savings account.

How Do You Fund an FSA?

If you opt into an FSA, you’ll need to decide on how much to regularly contribute throughout the year. Those contribution amounts will be automatically deducted from your paychecks and placed into the account. Whatever money you put into an FSA isn’t taxed, which means you can keep more of what you earn.

Your employer may also throw some money into your FSA account, but they are under no legal obligation to do so.

You can use your FSA throughout the year to either reimburse yourself or to help pay for eligible expenses for you, your spouse, and your dependents (more on that in a minute). Typically, you’ll be required to submit a claim through your employer and include proof of the expense (usually a receipt), along with a statement that says that your regular health insurance does not cover that cost.

Some employers offer an FSA debit card or checkbook, which you can use to pay for qualifying medical purchases without having to file a reimbursement claim through your employer.


💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

What Items Qualify for FSA Reimbursement?

The IRS decides which expenses qualify for FSA reimbursement, and the list is extensive. Here’s a look at some of what’s included — you can see the full list on the IRS’ website.

•   Health plan co-payments and deductibles (but not insurance premiums)

•   Prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses

•   Dental and vision expenses

•   Prescription medications

•   Over-the-counter medicines

•   First aid supplies

•   Menstrual care items

•   Birth control

•   Sunscreen

•   Home health care items, like thermometers, crutches, and medical alert devices

•   Medical diagnostic products, like cholesterol monitors, home EKG devices, and home blood pressure monitors

•   Home health care

•   Day care

•   Summer camp

Are There Any FSA Limits?

For 2023, health care FSA and limited health care FSA contributions are limited to $3,050 per year, per employer. Your spouse can also contribute $3,050 to their FSA account as well.

Meanwhile, dependent care FSA contributions are limited to $5,000 per household, or $2,500 if you’re married and filing separately.

Does an FSA Roll Over Each Year?

In general, you’ll need to use the money in an FSA within a plan year. Any unspent money will be lost. However, the IRS has changed the use-it-or-lose-it rule to allow a little more flexibility.

Now, your employer may be able to offer you a couple of options to use up any unspent money in an FSA:

•   A “grace period” of no more than 2½ extra months to spend whatever is left in your account

•   Rolling over up to $610 to use in the following plan year. (In 2024, that amount increases to $640.)

Note that your employer may be able to offer one of these options, but not both.

One way to avoid scrambling to spend down your FSA before the end of the year or the grace period is to plan ahead. Calculate all deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, prescription drugs, and other possible costs for the coming year, and only contribute what you think you’ll actually need.

Recommended: Flexible Spending Accounts: Rules, Regulations, and Uses

How Can You Use Up Your FSA?

You can consider some of these strategies to get the most out of your FSA:

•   Buy non-prescription items. Certain items are FSA-eligible without needing a prescription (but save your receipt for the paperwork!). These items may include first-aid kits, bandages, thermometers, blood pressure monitors, ice packs, and heating pads. Check out the FSA Store to find out which items may be covered.

•   Get your glasses (or contacts). You may be able to use your FSA to cover the cost of prescription eyeglasses, contact lenses, and sunglasses as well as reading glasses. Contact lens solution and eye drops may also be covered.

•   Keep family planning in mind. FSA-eligible items can include condoms, pregnancy tests, baby monitors, fertility kits. If you have a prescription for them, female contraceptives may also be covered.

•   Don’t forget your dentist. Unfortunately, toothpaste and cosmetic procedures are not covered by your FSA, but dental checkups and associated costs might be. These could include copays, deductibles, cleanings, fillings, X-rays, and even braces. Mouthguards and cleaning solutions for your retainers and dentures may be FSA-eligible as well.


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Flexible Savings Account (FSA) vs. Health Savings Account (HSA)

You may have heard of a health savings account (HSA). It’s easy to confuse it with an FSA, as they share some similarities.

Both types of accounts:

•   Offer some tax advantages

•   Can be used to pay for co-payments, deductibles, and eligible medical expenses

•   Can be funded through employee-payroll deductions, employer contributions, or individual deductions

•   Have a maximum contribution amount. In 2023, people with individual coverage can contribute up to $3,850 per year, while those with family coverage can cset aside up to $7,750 per year.

That said, there are some key differences between HSAs and FSAs:

•   You must be enrolled in a high deductible health plan in order to qualify for an HSA.

•   HSAs do not have a use-it-or-lose-it rule. Once you put money in the account, it’s yours.

•   If you quit or are fired from your job, your HSA can go with you. This happens even if your employer contributed money to the account.

•   If you’re 55 or older, you can contribute an additional $1,000 to your HSA as a catch-up contribution — similar to the catch-up contributions allowed with an IRA.

•   If you withdraw money from your HSA for a non-qualified expense before the age of 65, you’ll pay taxes on it plus a 20% penalty.

•   If you withdraw money from your HSA for any type of expense after age 65, you don’t pay a penalty. However, the withdrawal will be taxed like regular income.

Recommended: Benefits of Health Savings Accounts

The Takeaway

Flexible spending accounts are offered by employers and can be a useful tool for paying for health care- or dependent-related expenses. Notably, you fund the account with pretax dollars taken from your paycheck, which can lower your taxable income and help you save money.

You typically need to spend your FSA money within a plan year, though your employer may give you the option to either roll over a portion of the balance into the next year or use it during a grace period. There are also guidelines around what you can spend the FSA funds on and how much you can contribute to your account.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.

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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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