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What Is an Interest-Only Loan Mortgage?

An interest-only mortgage lets you pay just interest for a set period of time, typically between seven and 10 years, as opposed to paying interest plus principal from the beginning of the loan term.

While interest-only mortgages can mean lower payments for a while, they also mean you aren’t building up equity (ownership) in your home. Plus, you will likely have a big jump in payments when the interest-only period ends and you are repaying both interest and principal.

Read on to learn how interest-only mortgages work, their pros and cons, and who might consider getting one.

Note: SoFi does not offer interest only mortgages at this time. However, SoFi does offer conventional mortgage loan options.

How Do Interest-Only Mortgages Work?

With an interest-only mortgage, you solely make interest payments for the first several years of the loan. During this time, your payments won’t reduce the principal and you won’t build equity in your home.

When the interest-only period ends, you generally have a few options: You can continue to pay off the loan, making higher payments that include interest and principal; look to refinance the loan (which can provide for new terms and potentially lower interest payments with the principal); or choose to sell the home (or use saved up cash) to fully pay off the loan.

Usually, interest-only loans are structured as a type of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM). The interest rate is fixed at first then, after a specified number of years, the interest rate increases or decreases periodically based on market rates. ARMs usually have lower starting interest rates than fixed-rate loans, but their rates can be higher during the adjustable period. Fixed-rate interest-only mortgages are uncommon.

An interest-only mortgage typically starts out with a lower initial payment than other types of mortgages, and you can stick with those payments as long as 10 years before making any payments toward the principal. However, you typically end up paying more in overall interest than you would with a traditional mortgage.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.


Interest-Only Loan Pros and Cons

Before you choose to take out an interest-only mortgage, it’s a good idea to carefully weigh both the benefits and drawbacks.

Pros

•  Lower initial payments The initial monthly payments on interest-only loans tend to be significantly lower than payments on regular mortgages, since they don’t include any principal.

•  Lower interest rate Because interest-only mortgages are usually structured as ARMs, initial rates are often lower than those for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages.

•  Frees up cash flow With a lower monthly payment, you may be able to set aside some extra money for other goals and investments.

•  Delays higher payments An interest-only mortgage allows you to defer large payments into future years when your income may be higher.

•  Tax benefits Since you can deduct mortgage interest on your tax return, an interest-only mortgage could result in significant tax savings during the interest-only payment phase.

Cons

•  Cost more overall Though your initial payments will be smaller, the total amount of interest you will pay over the life of the loan will likely be higher than with a principal-and-interest mortgage.

•  Interest-only payments don’t build equity You won’t build equity in your home unless you make extra payments toward the principal during the interest-only period. That means you won’t be able to borrow against the equity in your home with a home equity loan or home equity line of credit.

•  Payments will increase down the road When payments start to include principal, they will get significantly higher. Depending on market rates, the interest rate may also go up after the initial fixed-rate period.

•  You can’t count on refinance If your home loses value, it could deplete the equity you had from your down payment, making refinancing a challenge.

•  Strict qualification requirements Lenders often have higher down payment requirements and stricter qualification criteria for interest-only mortgages.

Recommended: What Is Considered a Good Mortgage Rate?

Who Might Want an Interest-Only Loan?

You may want to consider an interest-only mortgage loan if:

•  You want short-term cash flow A very low payment during the interest-only period could help free up cash. If you can use that cash for another investment opportunity, it might more than cover the added expense of this type of mortgage.

•  You plan to own the home for a short time If you’re planning to sell before the interest-only period is up, an interest-only mortgage might make sense, especially if home values are appreciating in your area.

•  You’re buying a retirement home If you’re nearing retirement, you might use an interest-only loan to buy a vacation home that will become your primary home after you stop working. When you sell off your first home, you can use the money to pay off the interest-only loan.

•  You expect an income increase or windfall If you expect to have a significant bump up in income or access to a large lump sum by the time the interest period ends, you might be able to buy more house with an interest-only loan.

Recommended: Tips for Shopping for Mortgage Rates

Qualifying for an Interest-Only Loan

Interest-only loans aren’t qualified mortgages, which means they don’t meet the backing criteria for Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or the other government entities that insure mortgages. As a result, these loans pose more risk to a lender and, therefore, can be more difficult to qualify for.

In general, you may need the following to get approved for an interest-only loan:

•  A minimum credit score of 700 or higher

•  A debt-to-income (DTI) ratio of 43% or lower

•  A down payment of at least 20% to 30% percent

•  Sufficient income and assets to repay the loan

The Takeaway

An interest-only mortgage generally isn’t ideal for most home-buyers, including first-time home-buyers. However, this type of mortgage can be a useful tool for some borrowers with strong credit who fully understand the risks involved and are looking at short-term ownership or have a plan for how they will cover the step-up in payment amounts that will come down the road.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.


SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Beautiful Master Bathroom Remodel Ideas

Beautiful Master Bathroom Remodel Ideas

Remodeling a master bathroom can provide a spa like sanctuary while adding value to your home. With some design upgrades — countertops, tile, fixtures, cabinetry, and bathtub — you can create a new look that really makes a splash.

The vast array of materials, colors, and design choices can be overwhelming. To help get you started, read on for 20 master bathroom remodel ideas.

How the Master Bathroom Has Changed Over Time

In the 1960s and 1970s, people started migrating from the cities to suburbia. More space meant more square footage. Initially, a master bath meant a bigger bathroom with a double sink.

In the 1980s, opulence was king. Master bathrooms meant sunken jetted tubs, lavish fixtures, and expansive countertops for perfume bottles and dressing vanities.

Today, some real estate agents and developers use the term “primary” bathroom or bedroom vs. “master” (even though the National Association of Realtors® has noted that a HUD opinion said “master” in this context is not related to race or gender and therefore does not violate fair housing laws).

While primary bathrooms are still spacious, style trends have taken a more subtle turn toward organic materials and earthier tones.

Regardless of trends, the master bathroom is here to stay, and is considered a must-have for many first-time homebuyers and experienced buyers.

What Is the Average Size of a Master Bathroom?

A master bathroom is defined as the largest bathroom in the house, and is almost always connected to the primary bedroom. A suburban master bath averages 100 square feet but may range from 75 to 210 square feet.

A master bathroom typically features:

•   A double sink

•   A large shower

•   A toilet

A bathtub is not a requisite, but these days most homebuyers want a tub in the master bathroom, especially if there is not another one in the house.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.


10 Standard Master Bathroom Remodel Ideas

An average-size master bathroom renovation may cost $10,000 to $30,000, depending on material types, labor costs (do you need to find a contractor?), and the scope of the project.

Here are 10 remodeling ideas for a standard master bath that can offer panache for your cash.

1. Refresh Your Countertops

Replacing worn-out countertops in a master bath can transform the feel of the space. Granite, marble, and quartz counters add a sense of contemporary elegance but cost more than laminate.

Granite can cost $40 to $200 per square foot; marble, $75 to $250; and quartz, $55 to $155. Laminate costs around $15 to $40 per square foot. That’s just the materials.

2. Go for the Hip, Hip Bidet

While common in Europe and Japan, bidets are finally gaining popularity in the United States. Because bidets limit the use of toilet paper, they are considered good for the environment and better for your skin.

A stand-alone bidet with installation can run between $500 and $1,500. An all-in-one bidet toilet can cost anywhere from $1,200 to $2,500.

3. Install a Walk-in Shower

Walk-in showers are usually partially enclosed with glass — devoid of doors, tubs, and shower curtains. The lack of barriers creates an open, contemporary look, almost like bathing in an outdoor shower.

Beyond being stylish, walk-in showers are accessible. With no steps or ledges to trip over, this type of shower remodel will age well with you and your home.

4. Consider Shower Speakers

As long as you’re redoing the shower, you might as well add some in-ceiling shower speakers. These advanced sound systems offer hands-free use, connecting to voice assistants like Siri or Alexa. Singing in the shower never sounded so good!

5. Install a Fan Timer Switch

A long, hot shower can generate a lot of steam. A smart-fan timer will sense the amount of steam and moisture in the air, turning on and staying on long after you’ve toweled off. This can prevent water damage, excess moisture, and potential mold.

6. Upgrade Outdated Fixtures

Switching out your old faucets, knobs, and light fixtures is a quick and cost-efficient way to spiff up your master bathroom.

7. Tile an Accent Wall

Retiling the entire master bathroom can take a big bite out of your wallet. Some homeowners are choosing to tile a single wall or focal area. You can energize the space by contrasting white subway tiles with a colorful wall of hexagonal tiles.

8. Elevate Your Look With Floating Shelves

Even a master bathroom can use more storage. Floating shelves on the walls can help achieve a sleek, minimalist look and cost less than installing cabinets.

If the bathroom has a closet or you’d like to add one, a closet remodel might be in order.

9. Keep Things Cozy With Heated Floors & Towel Racks

If you’re renovating your master bathroom floors, perhaps you could put in an electric or water-based heating system. This will ensure toasty toes without clunky radiators or exposed pipes.

Heated towel racks provide warmth in the winter and a quick-drying option for summer beach towels, all for about the same electric costs as flipping on a light switch.

10. Outlets in the Vanity Drawers

A master bath typically has a lot of vanity drawers. Installing outlets inside the drawers will help keep hair dryers, electric razors, and other appliances from cluttering your countertop.

10 Small Master Bathroom Remodel Ideas

Not every master bathroom has enough space for a Jacuzzi tub. Here are some remodeling ideas for a small master bath.

1. Install a Pocket Door

Doors that open on hinges can take up a lot of space. A sliding pocket door to the bathroom can make the master bath feel much roomier.

2. Add a Skylight

Adding a skylight in the master bathroom can flood the space with natural light, making it feel more airy and spacious. So can recessed lighting.

3. Choose a Long Sink

Instead of the standard double sink, consider a long, troughlike sink for a master bathroom vanity. It can provide a chic, modern look, and the elongated sink creates the illusion of more space.

4. Mount an Elongated Mirror

As with a long sink, stretching a mirror across a whole wall, instead of just over the vanity, can add depth and extra reflective light.

5. Opt for a Floating Vanity

A floating vanity is a cool design choice for a smaller master bath. It can add openness and more space underneath the sink for storage.

6. Add Lights Under the Cabinets

Cabinets, vanities, and shelves can cast a shadow on the floor, darkening a master bathroom and making it feel smaller. Installing lights underneath countertops and storage units can cast a downward light to add dimension.

7. Stretch the Floor Tiles Into the Shower Stall

If you have a walk-in shower, consider extending the floor tiles into the shower stall floor. The continuity of design will give the illusion of a longer space.

8. Add Storage

Select bathroom pieces with a dual purpose: mirrors with built-in shelves, a vanity with multiple drawers. Containing your clutter will make the master bath seem bigger and is one of the ways to refresh your home.

9. Consider a Freestanding Bathtub

Although a stand-alone tub can need more room for its fixtures, a clawfoot or modern oval bathtub can make a small master bathroom feel grand.

10. Stick to Light Colors

Soft whites, blues, and greens reflect natural light from windows and skylights, making the master bath seem more spacious. Choose light vs. dark colors for wall paint, shower curtains, and countertops.

Ways to Finance a Master Bathroom Remodel

A master bathroom renovation can add up. Here are several ways to finance the project.

HELOC

If you own your home and have sufficient equity, you may be able to open a home equity line of credit (HELOC), using your home as collateral. You’ll only make payments on the amount you borrow, the limit may be higher than a personal loan, and a HELOC usually has a lower interest rate than a credit card or personal loan.

But the rate is usually variable and can increase, and you could face closing costs and a minimum-withdrawal requirement. If you default on a HELOC, you risk losing your house.

Still, HELOCs tend to be hot when interest rates are rising.

Cash-Out Refinance

If you have sufficient home equity, you can apply for a cash-out refinance. You would refinance your home mortgage loan for more than you owe, take out part of the cash difference, and use the lump sum to build your new master bathroom.

Expect mortgage refinancing costs of 2% to 5% of the loan amount.

Personal Loan

With a personal loan for home improvements, you can receive a lump sum and repay it with interest in monthly installments. These loans typically offer same-day funding with no collateral required. The rate is based on the loan term, the amount of credit requested, and your credit score.

Credit Card

If you have a 0% interest period on a credit card, it could be a smart way to pay for your master bath reno. But unless you pay attention to the end of that introductory period, you could end up buried in interest charges. A missed payment will hurt your credit scores, and most of the time a late payment will stay on a credit report for seven years.

The Takeaway

Remodeling a master bathroom will add value to your home and create a retreat where you can invest in some serious self-care. The cost to remodel a primary bathroom has a wide range.

How to renovate so you can luxuriate? SoFi offers a personal loan of $5,000 to $100,000 with no fees, as well as a cash-out refinance.

SoFi also brokers a HELOC that allows access to up to 95%, or $500,000, of your home equity to finance your master bathroom redo and any other upgrades.

Apply for a HELOC to turn your home renovation dreams into reality.

FAQ

Does remodeling a bathroom increase home value?

Yes. One study showed that the average full bathroom remodel cost about $26,500, and homeowners could expect a return on investment upon resale of about 60%.

What is the biggest expense in a bathroom remodel?

Labor in general. Plumbing and tile work in particular. Want to move the toilet? That’s a complicated task.

What is trending in bathrooms?

Steam showers, towel and floor heaters, and spa-inspired decor. Vintage-inspired sinks, mirrors, light fixtures, and clawfoot tubs. Wet rooms, where the shower, tub, sink, and toilet are all in the same room at the same level. Earth tones and jewel tones. Smart devices.

What should you not do when remodeling a bathroom?

A downward-facing light centered over the mirror can cast a shadow. Other mistakes: not adding enough storage, buying fixtures made with plastic parts instead of metal, installing a hook out of reach from the shower, and not adding a hand shower, which will mean a tougher task cleaning the shower walls.


Photo credit: iStock/stocknroll

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What to Do About Excess Contributions to a Roth IRA

If you contribute more than the annual allowable limit to a Roth IRA given your income and tax filing status, you need to withdraw the excess amount or face a 6% penalty.

The good news is that it’s possible to withdraw or transfer excess IRA contributions. Knowing how to fix this mistake — and how to best plan yearly contributions — can help you to avoid an excess IRA contribution penalty going forward. 

Note that the rules are generally the same for excess contributions to a traditional IRA or to a Roth IRA.

Key Points

•   Excess contributions to a Roth IRA incur a 6% penalty each year they remain in your account.

•   You can withdraw excess contributions before the tax filing deadline (or extension deadline) to avoid penalties.

•   Report excess IRA contributions on IRS Form 5329, which you include with your Form 1040 when you file your return or an extension.

•   If you don’t wish to withdraw excess contributions, you may be able to recharacterize — or shift them — to another type of IRA before the deadline.

•   You may also be able to apply excess contributions to future years within the allowed limits to avoid penalties.

Maximum Annual Roth IRA Contributions

If you don’t know what a Roth IRA is, it’s a tax-advantaged individual retirement account. Contributions to a Roth are made with after-tax dollars, and qualified withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax-free, which can make them attractive for people who expect to be in a higher tax bracket when they retire — or who want a tax-free income source later in life. 

You can contribute to both a Roth IRA and a workplace retirement plan like a 401(k), at the same time, as long as you observe the contribution limits for each type of account, and as long as you qualify for a Roth IRA.

Whether you’re eligible to contribute to a Roth IRA depends on your tax filing status and income (see chart below). Roth IRA contribution limits are set by the IRS and adjusted periodically for inflation. 

The contribution limit for a Roth IRA in both 2024 and 2025 is $7,000 per year, while those 50 and up can contribute up to $8,000 per year. These annual limits are the same, whether you’re saving in a traditional IRA vs. Roth IRA, and these are total amounts across all IRA accounts.

Here’s how Roth IRA income limits and contribution rules work for 2024 and 2025. 

Filing Status

2024: If your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is …

2025: If your Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) is …

You can contribute…

Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)

< $230,000

< $236,000

Up to a maximum of $7,000 per year ($8,000 for those 50 and older)

Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)

≥ $230,000 and < $240,000

≥ $236,000 and < $246,000

a reduced amount

Married filing jointly or qualifying widow(er)

≥  $240,000

≥  $246,000

Not eligible to contribute to a Roth

Married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year

< $10,000

< $10,000

a reduced amount

Married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time during the year

≥ $10,000

≥ $10,000

Not eligible

Single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year

< $146,000

< $150,000

up to the limit

Single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year

≥ $146,000 and < $161,000

≥ $150,000 and < $165,000

a reduced amount

Single, head of household, or married filing separately and you did not live with your spouse at any time during the year

≥ $161,000

≥ $165,000

Not eligible

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1


1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

What Happens If You Contribute Too Much to a Roth IRA?

Opening an IRA can get help you save for retirement. The downside is that contributing too much money to a Roth IRA (or traditional IRA) can result in a tax penalty. An excess contribution to an IRA can happen when:

•   You contribute more than the annual contribution limit because you have multiple IRAs.

•   You make an improper rollover contribution. 

•   You inadvertently contribute more than the amount allowed for your income and filing status.

•   You made a contribution early in the year, but you ended up earning more than anticipated, which changed the amount you would be allowed to contribute.

Excess IRA contributions are subject to a 6% penalty each year that they remain in your account. Per the IRS: “The tax can’t be more than 6% of the combined value of all your IRAs as of the end of the tax year.” 

If you’ve contributed too much to your Roth IRA, there are some steps you can take to rectify this mistake. 

How Do You Report Excess Roth IRA Contributions?

Excess IRA contributions are reported on IRS Form 5329. You’ll include this form with your Form 1040 when you file your return or an extension. 

This form allows the IRS to calculate how much of a tax penalty you’ll owe if you don’t take steps to correct an excess Roth IRA contribution. 

Can You Withdraw Excess Roth IRA Contributions?

If you realize that you contributed too much before you file your tax return, you can avoid the tax penalty by withdrawing the excess Roth IRA contribution by the tax filing deadline, or by the extension deadline. Any excess amounts withdrawn before the tax filing or extension deadline, would not be subject to the 6% penalty. 

That said: If those excess contributions generated investment gains while in your IRA account, you’d have to withdraw the gains as well. And you would have to report them as income. 

However, as of Dec. 29, 2022, a “corrective distribution” — meaning, a withdrawal of the gains on an excess contribution — is no longer subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty.

You can contact your IRA custodian (the bank that holds your IRA account) if you’re not sure how to withdraw excess amounts. Keep in mind that you’ll need to withdraw the excess contribution amount as well as any earnings those contributions generated. 

You may owe tax on the earnings from the excess contribution amount (see below for possible ways to avoid this). There are no guarantees that a Roth contribution would see a gain, however; if there is a net loss, you could still withdraw the remainder of your contribution, minus the loss.

If you’ve already filed your taxes, you have up to six months — usually until October 15 of the same year — to amend your return and make the necessary withdrawals. 

Recharacterizing Excess Roth IRA Contributions

Recharacterizing IRA contributions allows you to move assets deposited in one IRA to a second IRA, and treat that money as if it had originally been contributed to the second IRA. 

If you have excess contributions because you contributed more than was allowed based on your income and filing status, recharacterization could allow you to avoid a tax penalty. You would transfer the excess contribution from one IRA to the second IRA by the tax-filing or extension deadline, doing a direct transfer within the same institution, or a trustee-to-trustee transfer to an IRA at another bank (not a withdrawal, which could be subject to additional taxes and/or a penalty).

For example: If you made excess contributions to an IRA for tax year 2024, you have until April 15, 2025 to recharacterize the excess contribution and earnings (or net loss); or until the extension deadline in October. 

If you made excess contributions in prior years, you couldn’t recharacterize these, as the window for recharacterization would have passed, and you’d likely owe a penalty. 

In order to complete a recharacterization of the excess funds, you must take the following steps: 

•   Include any earnings specific to the excess amount. If there was a loss attributable to that contribution, you would note a negative amount. 

•   Be sure to report the recharacterization on your tax return for the year in which you made the original excess contribution. 

•   Use the date of the excess contribution to the first IRA as the date the contribution is made to the second IRA.

Applying Excess Contributions to the Following Year

The IRS also allows you to carry excess Roth IRA contributions forward. You can apply excess contributions to your annual contribution limit for future years. 

Again, the contributions you carry forward must be within your allowed limit for that following year. Be sure to check, so as not to create excess contributions in a subsequent year. 

Penalties for Excess Roth IRA Contributions

As mentioned, the IRS imposes a penalty on excess Roth IRA contributions in the form of a 6% tax, as of 2024. It applies each year that excess Roth IRA contributions remain in your account. 

Keep in mind that you might also owe ordinary income tax on any earnings on that contribution amount as well. 

When Are Excess Contributions Penalized?

Excess Roth IRA contributions are penalized when they’re not corrected. The IRS will continue to penalize you for each year that you allow the excess contributions to remain in your IRA. That rule goes for both Roth and traditional IRA contributions. 

Again, if you haven’t filed your tax return yet, the simplest way to correct them and avoid the penalty is to withdraw the excess amounts, plus any gains. As long as you do that by the tax-filing deadline or extension deadline, then the IRS doesn’t consider those amounts to be excess contributions. 

How to Avoid Excess IRA Contributions

Avoiding excess IRA contributions is possible if you understand how much you’re able to contribute each year, then planning your contributions accordingly. With Roth IRA contributions, your contribution amount will depend on your tax filing status and modified AGI for the tax year. 

You can use a tax calculator to estimate your modified AGI and use that to plan your contributions. Remember that you have until the April tax-filing deadline to make IRA contributions for the current tax year.

The extra few months allow you time to prepare your return and make your contributions — or withdraw them if necessary — to stay within your annual contribution limit. 

Calculating Excess Contributions

While you have until tax day in April of the following year to contribute to a Roth IRA for the current tax year, the income you use to determine the amount of your allowable Roth contribution is based only on the current tax year, which ends on December 31. 

Example: To determine whether your modified AGI is within allowable Roth IRA limits for 2024, you would calculate your compensation from Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 2024.

If you’re married, filing jointly for tax year 2024, your modified AGI must be less than $230,000 in order to make a full contribution of $7,000 ($8,000 if you’re 50 and up). From $230,000 to $239,999 you can only make a partial contribution. If you earn $240,000 or more, you are not eligible to contribute to a Roth IRA.

If you need help to determine your allowable contribution, you can use an Roth IRA contribution calculator to estimate what you can save. You may want to consult with a tax professional if you have any questions.

The Takeaway

A Roth IRA can be a useful tool for retirement planning, but it’s important to keep track of how much you’re saving. All IRAs, including Roth IRAs, have strict annual contribution limits. Making excess Roth IRA contributions could result in an unexpected — and costly — tax penalty. 

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA. 

FAQ

What happens if you accidentally contribute too much to a Roth IRA?

If you make excess Roth IRA contributions the IRS can assess a tax penalty of 6% each year that they remain in your account. You can avoid the tax penalty by withdrawing excess amounts, recharacterizing them, or carrying them ahead for future tax years. 

How do you correct excess Roth IRA contributions?

The easiest way to correct an excess Roth IRA contribution is to withdraw the excess amount, along with any interest earned. You can do that before the tax filing deadline, including extension deadlines, to avoid the IRS tax penalty. You cannot correct or recharacterize excess contributions once the tax-filing and extension deadlines have passed for the relevant tax year.

What is the penalty for excess IRA contributions?

A 6% tax applies to excess IRA contributions. The penalty applies each year that the excess contributions remain in your retirement account.


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SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

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How taxes and fees impact return on investment

Taxes, Fees, Commissions, and Your Investments

Earning returns can be exhilarating. But it’s important to remember that they don’t necessarily represent the money that goes in the bank. Commissions, taxes, and other fees impact the returns any investor makes on their investment.

Just how big a bite these investment expenses take out of an investor’s assets isn’t always instantly clear. But by understanding the fees they pay, and the taxes they’re likely to owe, investors can better plan for the money they’ll actually receive from their investments. And they can also take concrete steps to minimize the effects of fees and taxes.

Key Points

•   Taxes, fees, and commissions significantly reduce the actual returns from investments.

•   Understanding and planning for these costs can help investors manage their net earnings more effectively.

•   Mutual funds and advisors charge various fees, which can diminish investment gains.

•   Income tax and capital gains tax are the primary taxes affecting investment profits, with different rates applied based on the investment duration and investor’s income.

•   Employing strategies like investing through tax-advantaged accounts can minimize the tax impact on returns.

Investment Expenses 101

There are a few different types of investment expenses an investor may come across as they buy and sell assets. Here are the most common ones.

Fund Fees

Mutual funds are a very popular way for investors to get into the market. They’re the vehicles that most 401(k), 403(b), and IRAs offer investors to save for retirement. But these funds charge fees, starting with a management fee, which pays the fund’s staff to buy and trade investments.

Investors pay this fee as a portion of their assets, whether the investments go up or down. (With employer-sponsored retirement accounts, the employer may cover the fees as long as the account holder is employed by the company.) Management fees vary widely, with some index funds charging as little as .10% of an investor’s assets. But other mutual funds may charge more than 2%.

In addition to the management fee, the fund may also charge for advertising and promotion expenses, known as the 12b-1 fee. Plus, mutual fund investors may have to pay sales charges, especially if they buy funds through a financial planner, or an investment advisor. While the maximum legal sales charge for a mutual fund is 8.5%, the common range is between 3% and 6%.

One way to understand how much of a bite these mutual fund fees take out of an investment on an annual basis is to look at the expense ratio.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Advisor Fees

Investors may also face fees when they hire a professional to help manage their money. Some advisors charge a percentage of invested assets per year. More recently, some advisors have simplified the cost by simply charging an hourly fee.

Broker Fees and Commissions

Even investors who want to manage their own portfolios typically pay a broker for their services in the form of fees and commissions. These fees and commissions may be based on a percentage of the transaction’s value, or they may be rolled into a flat fee. Another factor that may influence the fee: whether an investor uses a full-service broker or a discount broker.

How to Minimize the Cost of Investing

No matter how an investor approaches the market, they can expect to pay some fees. It’s up to each individual to decide whether or not those fees are worth it. For some, paying a professional for hands-on advice is worth the extra annual 1% fee (or more) of their invested assets. For others, minimizing costs may be a priority. Among many options, there are a few investing opportunities that stand out as relatively low-cost.

Index Funds

When investing in mutual funds, one type of fund has established itself as the least expensive in terms of fees: Index funds. That’s because these funds track an index instead of paying analysts and managers to research and trade securities. When it comes to index funds vs. managed funds, proponents typically cite the lower fees.

Automated Investing Platforms

People seeking investing advice or guidance who don’t want to pay typical fees might want to explore automated investing platforms, also known as “robo-advisors.” Some of these platforms charge annual advisory fees as low as .25%. That said, these platforms often use mutual funds, which charge their own fees on top of the platform fees.

Discount Brokerage

Investors who manage their own portfolio may opt for a discount or online brokerage. These brokers tend to charge flat fees per trade as low as $5, with account maintenance fees also often as low as $0 to $50 per account.

How Taxes Eat into Investing Profits

There are typically two kinds of taxes that investors have to worry about. The first is income tax, and the second is capital gains tax. In general, income taxes apply to investment earnings in the form of interest payments, dividends, or bond yields. Capital gains, on the other hand, apply to the returns an investor realizes when they sell a stock, bond, or other investment. (The exception: The IRS taxes short-term investments, which an investor has held for less than a year, at that investor’s marginal income tax rate.)

By and large, capital gains tax rates are lower than income tax rates. Income tax rates for high-earners can be as high as 37%, plus a 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT). That means the taxes on those quick gains can be as high as 40.8%—and that’s not including any state or local taxes.

The taxes on long-term capital gains are lower across the board. For tax year 2024, for investors who are married filing jointly and earning less than $94,050, the long-term capital gains tax rate (for investments held for more than a year) is 0%. It goes up depending on income, with couples making between $94,051 and $583,750 paying 15%, and those with income above that level paying 20% on long-term gains.

For tax year 2025, those who are married and filing jointly with taxable income up to $96,700 have a long-term capital gains tax rate of 0%. Couples making between $96,701 – $600,050 have a rate of 15%, and those with income above that have a tax rate of 20%.

💡 Quick Tip: Automated investing can be a smart choice for those who want to invest but may not have the knowledge or time to do so. An automated investing platform can offer portfolio options that may suit your risk tolerance and goals (but investors have little or no say over the individual securities in the portfolio).

Strategies to Minimize Taxes

There are a few ways an investor can minimize the impact of taxes on their investments. One popular way to take advantage of the tax code is by investing through a retirement plan, such as a 401(k), 403(b), or IRA. All of these plans encourage people to save for retirement by offering attractive tax breaks.

For tax-deferred accounts like a 401(k) or traditional IRA, the tax break comes on the front end. Retirees will have to pay income taxes on their withdrawals in retirement. On the other hand, retirement accounts like a Roth 401(k) or Roth IRA are funded with after-tax dollars, and money is not taxed upon withdrawal in retirement.

Another approach some investors may want to consider is tax-loss harvesting. This strategy allows investors to take advantage of investments that lost money by selling them and taking a capital loss (as opposed to a capital gain). That capital loss can help investors reduce their annual tax bill. It may be used to offset as much as $3,000 in non-investment income.

The Takeaway

Fees and taxes typically do have an impact on an investor’s returns on investments. How much they eat into profit varies, and is largely dependent on what the investments are, how they are being managed, and how long an investor has had them. Other factors include the investor’s income level, and whether they’ve also lost money on other investments.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Does Buying Jewelry Build Credit?

Guide to Buying Jewelry to Build Credit

You can build credit with a jewelry purchase if you buy it using a payment plan or with a credit card. When doing so, snagging that watch, engagement ring, or diamond bracelet could help you build your credit score from scratch or take your three digits up a notch or two. To do so, you would have to pay your bills on time and make sure your credit utilization doesn’t rise too high. Learn the details here.

Key Points

•   Buying jewelry can indirectly build credit through installment plans and store credit cards.

•   Installment plans may or may not be reported to the credit bureaus.

•   Store credit cards often have lower credit limits and higher interest rates.

•   Regular, timely payments on store credit cards or installment plans that are reported to the credit bureaus can build credit scores.

•   Consider the terms and conditions before applying for an installment plan or store credit card.

Options for Buying Jewelry on Credit

By purchasing jewelry on credit, it’s possible to build your credit score. Here are a couple of ways that you can do so.

Jewelry Store Financing

Here are two common options:

•   Most major jewelry stores offer payment plans, where you pay for your jewelry purchase in installments. This activity may be reported to the credit bureaus. What’s more, you might be able to take advantage of a promotional offer, which could offer interest-free financing for six to 12 months.

   While an installment plan can help you build credit, you could end up paying interest on your purchase even with a promotional offer. If you’re late on payments or don’t pay off your balance in time, expect to pay significantly more. Further, to qualify for financing through a retailer, you’ll likely need stellar credit, which is a tall order if you’re building credit from scratch.

•   Alternatively, some retailers might allow you to finance your purchase with a buy now, pay later (BNPL) plan. A type of installment plan, a BNPL plan requires you to make an initial payment upfront, then divides the remaining balance into equal installments. You’ll then get billed to your credit card until you’ve paid off the amount owed in full.

   Say you’re planning to propose and agree to engagement ring financing under a BNPL plan. Many plans offer a “pay-in-four” model, where your purchase is divided into four installments, each of which is due every two weeks. If the engagement ring costs $5,500 — which is the average engagement ring cost — you would pay $1,375 initially, then $1,375 every two weeks over the course of six weeks. The pay-in-four setup means you likely wouldn’t owe interest, though longer term plans may charge an annual percentage rate (APR).

Recommended: What is a Charge Card?

Jewelry Store Credit Cards

If you’re building credit from scratch or have credit that’s poor or fair, then a retailer credit card from a jewelry store might be a solid route to take. Many jewelry store credit cards only require fair credit in order to open an account.

You can also try getting a credit card from a department store that sells jewelry. Typically, retailer or store credit cards are easier to get approved for when you have less-than-great credit. However, note that they also typically come with higher interest, low credit limits, and some constraints, such as only being able to use the card with the retailer.

Recommended: Breaking Down the Different Types of Credit Cards

Does Buying Jewelry Help Build Credit?

As mentioned, building credit with jewelry purchases is possible if you tap into a financing option that reports your payment activity to the major credit bureaus. Options that do so can include financing through a jewelry store, using a jewelry or retailer credit card, or signing up for a buy now, pay later (BNPL) plan.

Of course, for any of those options to help you with establishing credit, you’ll need to stay on top of making your payments on time. Also make sure you’re adhering to other responsible credit behaviors, such as avoiding maxing out your credit limit if you opt for a jewelry store credit card.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

How Jewelry Store Credit Cards Can Impact Your Credit Score

When you use a jewelry store credit card, your payments are reported to the credit bureaus. If you’re using your card responsibly and making payments on time, that activity can help to build your credit score. On the flipside, if you fall behind on payments or miss a due date, your credit score could suffer.

Payment history isn’t the only factor that will impact your credit score though. Applying for the credit card will result in a hard inquiry, which usually temporarily lowers your credit score by a bit. And you’ll want to think twice about canceling your card after making your jewelry purchase and paying it off — doing so could affect the length of your credit history, another factor that helps determine your credit score.

Recommended: Does Applying for a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score?

How Jewelry Stores Convince You to Finance

Retailers can earn money on interest charges from financing, and potentially get you to make a more expensive purchase than you otherwise would have if you didn’t finance. As such, they have good reason to persuade you to finance that stunning piece of jewelry you’ve had your eye on.

Here are some tactics they might employ to get you to agree to a payment plan or use a retailer credit card:

•   Zero-interest promotional offers: By offering a no-interest promotional period on a payment plan or credit card, a jewelry store may encourage you to purchase.

•   In-store promotions: You might see a poster or flier while perusing the jewelry cases. This might motivate you to make your purchase now — as opposed to treating it as an item worth saving for — and therefore agreeing to financing.

•   Several financing options: The sales representative at the store might offer a few ways for you to finance that piece of jewelry, such as an installment plan, BNPL program, or by opening a jewelry store credit card.

Before agreeing to anything, make sure to ask questions to ensure you fully understand what you’d be getting into. You might even consider leaving the store and then coming back later, to give yourself time to think about your purchase and assess the financing options.

What to Ask Before Using a Jewelry Store Credit Card

If you’re considering opening a jewelry store credit card, here are some questions to ask yourself before submitting your application:

•   Can I afford to pay it off? While using a jewelry store credit card can help you build credit and make that large purchase affordable, do some simple math before moving ahead. Determine how long it will take to pay off the balance on the card and whether those payments realistically work within your current budget.

•   What’s the APR? If you’re using a credit card to cover your jewelry purchase, you might not be in a position to pay off your full balance when the due date hits. As such, you’ll want to be aware of the credit card’s annual percentage rate (APR) to determine how much interest will add to the total cost of your jewelry purchase.

•   Is there a promotional period? If you qualify for a no-interest promotional period, it’s important to know how long it will last and when the standard interest rate will kick in. Aim to pay off your purchase before that happens to avoid paying interest.

What to Avoid When Buying Jewelry With Credit

When financing jewelry to build credit, there are a few big things to keep in mind that can help you steer clear of financial trouble.

•   You’ll want to avoid putting too much on your card. Doing so can drive up your credit utilization ratio, which compares how much of your overall credit you’re using and plays a role in determining your credit score. For example, if you have one credit card with a credit limit of $1,000 and you’re buying a $600 piece of jewelry, that would push your credit utilization to 60%. It’s typically recommended to keep your credit utilization ratio below 30%.

•   You’ll likely want to avoid opening a credit card with a promotional offer that’s too short for you to comfortably pay off your balance before it ends. If you’re still making payments when the standard interest rate kicks in, you could end up paying a lot in interest — and making your jewelry purchase that much more expensive.

•   Be aware of whether you’re splurging on something that you might not have bought otherwise. While investing in precious metals might seem like a good move, putting something on credit can create the illusion that you can afford it. But in reality, the purchase could end up costing you even more in the long run, thanks to the addition of interest charges.

Recommended: What is the Average Credit Card Limit?

Other Ways to Build Credit

Besides buying jewelry to build credit, here are a few other ways that you can do so:

•   Get a secured card.

•   Take out a credit-builder loan.

•   Become an authorized user on someone else’s credit card.

•   Take out a personal loan.

•   Use an auto loan to finance your next car purchase.

•   Sign up for a service that reports your rent and utilities payments to the credit bureaus.

•   Get a credit card, and then use it responsibly.

The Takeaway

If you’re curious about how to build credit with jewelry, consider financing your jewelry purchase by taking out a payment plan or by opening a jewelry store credit card. Before doing so, however, know that store payment plans usually require that you have strong or excellent credit.

Rest assured, buying jewelry isn’t the only way to build credit. There are other options available, such as using credit cards wisely.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.

FAQ

Do you need good credit to finance jewelry?

If you’d like in-store financing for jewelry, such as an installment plan, then you typically need excellent credit. However, retail credit cards usually only require a fair credit score.

Are there jewelry stores that give credit?

Yes, major jewelry stores usually offer installment plans, and some might have a branded retail credit card that you can apply for.

Is it easy to get credit at jewelry stores?

Retail credit cards are usually easier to qualify for than other types of credit cards, even if you have fair credit. However, while they’re often easier to get approved for, they often come with higher APRs, low credit limits, and various restrictions.


Photo credit: iStock/pixelfit

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. (CFP Board) owns the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, CFP® (with plaque design), and CFP® (with flame design) in the U.S., which it awards to individuals who successfully complete CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements.

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