Student Loans: Refinance vs. Income Driven Repayment

Refinancing Student Loans vs Income Driven Repayment Plans

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

If you’re having trouble making your student loan payments or just want to know if you can make a change to your payments, it’s worth looking into the options, such as refinancing student loans or an income-driven repayment plan.

Student loan refinancing is available for both private and federal student loans, while income-driven repayment plans are an option only for federal student loans. Recent changes to income-driven repayment lower monthly payments and curtail interest accrual, making the plans a better deal for borrowers. Here’s what to know about both options as well as the pros and cons of each.

What Is Student Loan Refinancing?

When you refinance a student loan, a private lender pays off your student loans and gives you a new loan with new terms. For example, the interest rate and/or the loan term may change. You can’t refinance loans through the federal government, however. You can only refinance federal student loans (or private student loans) through a private lender.

If you’re a graduate with high-interest Direct Unsubsidized Loans, Graduate PLUS loans, and/or private loans, a refinance can change how quickly you pay off your loans and/or the amount you pay each month.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? With SoFi’s no-fee loans, you could save thousands.

Pros of Student Loan Refinancing

When considering refinancing your student loans, there are several benefits. You can:

•   Lower your monthly payments: Lowering your monthly payment means you can save money or spend more in other areas of your life instead of putting that cash toward paying student loans. (Depending on the length of the loan term, however, you may end up paying more in total interest.)

•   Get a lower interest rate than your federal student loan interest rates: This can result in paying less interest over the life of the loan (as long as you don’t extend your loan to a longer term). A student loan refinance calculator can show you the interest rate you qualify for.

•   Decrease your debt-to-income ratio (DTI): Your DTI compares your debt payments to your income. So if you lower your monthly payments, you could be lowering your DTI ratio — and a lower DTI can help when applying for a mortgage or other type of loan.

•   Remove a cosigner. Many borrowers who took out undergraduate loans did so with a parent or other cosigner. Refinancing without a cosigner allows you to regain some financial independence and privacy, provided you have a strong credit history.

Recommended: What’s the Average Student Loan Interest Rate?

Cons of Student Loan Refinancing

That said, refinancing federal loans can have some drawbacks as well. They include:

•   No longer being able to take advantage of federal forbearance: When you refinance your student loans through a private lender, you no longer qualify for federal student loan forbearance, such as the Covid-19-related payment holiday. However, it’s worth noting that some private lenders offer their own benefits and protections after you refinance.

•   No longer being able to tap into income-driven repayment plans, forgiveness programs, or other federal benefits: Refinancing federal student loans means replacing them with private loans — and forfeiting the protections and programs that come with them.

•   Possibly seeing your credit score get dinged: Your lender may do a hard credit history inquiry (or pull), which can affect your credit score.

For a deeper dive into the topic, check out our Student Loan Refinancing Guide.

What Are Income Driven Repayment Plans?

Editor's Note: On July 18, a federal appeals court blocked continued implementation of the SAVE Plan. Current plan enrollees will be placed into interest-free forbearance while the case moves through the courts. We will update this page as more information becomes available.

Put simply, income-driven repayment plans are plans that base your monthly payment amount on what you can afford to pay. Under the Standard Repayment Plan, you’ll pay fixed monthly payments of at least $50 per month for up to 10 years. On the other hand, an income-driven repayment plan considers your income and family size and allows you to pay accordingly based on those factors — for longer than 10 years and with smaller loan payments. Income-driven repayment plans are based on a percentage of your discretionary income.

You can only use an income-driven repayment plan for federal student loans. If you qualify, you could take advantage of four types of income-driven repayment plans:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan: You typically pay 5% of your discretionary income over the course of 20 years (on loans for undergraduate study) or 10% of your discretionary income for 25 years (on loans for graduate or professional school).

•   Income-Based Repayment Plan (IBR Plan): As a new borrower, you typically pay 10% of your discretionary but never more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount over the course of 20 years. If you’re not a new borrower, you’ll pay 15% of your discretionary income but never more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount over the course of 25 years.

Two other plans, PAYE and Income-Contingent Repayment, stopped accepting new enrollments as of July 1, 2024.

How do you know which option fits your needs? Your loan servicer can give you a rundown of the program that may fit your circumstances. You must apply for an income-driven repayment plan through a free application from the U.S. Department of Education.

Note: Every income-driven plan payment counts toward the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program (PSLF). So if you qualify for this program, you may want to choose the plan that offers you the smallest payment.

Recommended: How Is Income-Based Repayment Calculated?

Pros of Income Driven Repayment Plans

The benefits of income-driven repayment plans include the following:

•   Affordable student loan payments: If you can’t make your loan payments under the Standard Repayment Plan, an income-driven repayment plan allows you to make a lower monthly loan payment.

•   Potential for forgiveness: Making payments through an income-driven repayment plan and working through loan forgiveness under the PSLF program means you may qualify for forgiveness of your remaining loan balance after you’ve made 10 years of qualifying payments instead of 20 or 25 years.

•   Won’t affect your credit score: This may be one question you’re wondering, whether income-based repayment affects your credit score? The answer is: no. Since you’re not changing your total loan balance or opening another credit account, lenders have no reason to check your credit score.

Cons of Income Driven Repayment Plans

Now, let’s take a look at the potential downsides to income-driven repayment plans:

•   Payment could change later: The Department of Education asks you to recertify your annual income and family size for payment, which is recalculated every 12 months. If your income changes, your payments would also change.

•   Balance may increase: Borrowers under the IBR plan receive a three-year interest subsidy from the government. However, after the subsidy expires, borrowers are responsible for paying the interest that accrues on subsidized and unsubsidized loans.

•   There are many eligibility factors: Your eligibility could be affected by several things, including when your loans were disbursed, your marital status, year-to-year changing income, and more.

Refinancing vs Income Driven Repayment Plans

Here are the factors related to refinancing and income-driven repayment plans in a side-by-side comparison.

Refinancing

Income-Driven Repayment Plan

Lowers your monthly payments Possibly Possibly
Changes your loan term Possibly Yes
Increases your balance Possibly Possibly
Is eventually forgiven if you still haven’t paid off your loan after the repayment term No Yes
Requires an application Yes Yes
Requires yearly repayment calculations No Yes

Choosing What Is Right for You

When you’re considering whether to refinance or choose an income-driven repayment plan, it’s important to take into account the interest you’ll be paying over time. It could be that you will pay more interest because you lengthened your loan term. If that’s the case, just make sure you are comfortable with this before making any changes. Many people who refinance their student loans do so because they want to decrease the amount of interest they pay over time — and many want to pay off their loans sooner.

That said, if you’re wondering whether you should refinance your federal student loans, you’ll also want to make sure you are comfortable forfeiting your access to federal student loan benefits and protections.

Refinancing Student Loans With SoFi

Refinancing your student loans with SoFi means getting a competitive interest rate. You can choose between a fixed or variable rate — and you won’t pay origination fees or prepayment penalties.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Is income-contingent repayment a good idea?

This plan may be a good idea for some borrowers because the repayment terms are based on the lesser of these two: 20% of your discretionary income or a fixed payment over the course of 12 years, adjusted according to your income over the course of 25 years. Any remaining balance will be forgiven if you haven’t repaid your loan in full after 25 years. Because of the longer repayment timeline, the drawback is borrowers may pay more over time. It also won’t provide payments as low as the SAVE Plan.

What are the disadvantages of income based repayment?

The biggest disadvantage of income-based repayment is that you stretch out your loan term from the standard repayment plan of 10 years to longer — up to 25 years. This means that more interest will accrue on your loans and you could end up paying more on your loan before your loan term ends.

Does income based repayment get forgiven?

Yes! Through the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program, student loans can be forgiven after making 10 years of qualifying, consecutive payments. Additionally, borrowers with an income-driven repayment plan may have the remaining balances on their loans forgiven after 20 or 25 years.


Photo credit: iStock/m-imagephotography

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Guide to Extending Student Loan Repayment Terms

Guide to Extending Student Loan Repayment Terms

Did you know that you may be able to draw out student loan repayment for 20 or 30 years? That means lower monthly payments, but you’ll pay more total interest over the loan term.

But if your payments are a strain, consolidating or refinancing your student loans may allow you to stretch out repayment terms and tame those monthly bills. If you have federal loans, you may also consider an Extended Repayment Plan that increases the term of your loan from 10 to 25 years. While it may make your monthly payments lower in the short term, in the long term, you’ll pay more interest with any of these options.

Ahead, we look at how student loan repayment terms work, the pros and cons of extending your loan term, and other options that might help you make your monthly payments more affordable.

How Long Are Student Loan Repayment Terms Usually?

Federal student loan borrowers are automatically placed on the standard repayment plan of 10 years unless they choose a different plan. They enjoy a six-month grace period after graduating, leaving school, or dropping below half-time enrollment before repayment begins.

There isn’t a standard repayment plan for private student loans, but the general repayment term is also ​10 years.

In the case of both private and federal student loans, you may be able to extend your student loan payments.

For example, if you have federal student loans, you can explore the following options:

•   Graduated repayment plan: You start with lower payments, and payments increase every two years for up to 10 years, or up to 30 years for Direct Consolidation Loans. Consolidation combines all of your federal student loans into one, with a weighted average of the loan interest rates, and often extends your repayment time frame.

•   Extended repayment plan: With this plan, you can extend your loan term to 25 years, though you must have $30,000 or more in Direct or Federal Family Education Loan Program loans.

•   Income-driven repayment plan: The four income-driven repayment plans – including the newest plan, SAVE – allow you to make payments based on your income. This is a good option if you’re struggling to pay your monthly bill because your income is low compared with your loan payments. You may be eligible for forgiveness of any remaining loan balance after 20 or 25 years of qualifying payments or as few as 10 years if you work in public service or use the SAVE Plan.

If you have private student loans, you may be able to refinance your loans for a longer term. You can also refinance federal loans, but you’ll lose access to many of the benefits including the chance to consolidate and receive a longer loan term.


💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.

What Are the Pros and Cons of Extending Repayment Terms?

Let’s take a look at three pros and three cons of extending your student loan repayment terms:

Pros

Cons

Allows for lower monthly payments You’ll pay more total interest
Gives you more flexibility Takes more time to pay off loans
Frees up cash for other things May have to pay a higher interest rate

Lower monthly payments can give you more flexibility and free up your money to go toward other things. However, you may pay considerably more interest over time. You’ll also spend more time paying off your loans.

Here’s an example of what extending student loan repayment can look like, using a student loan calculator:

Let’s say you have $50,000 of student loan debt at 6.28% on a standard repayment plan. Your estimated monthly payments are $562.16, the total amount you’ll pay in interest will be $17,459, and your total repayment amount will be $67,459.

•   Term: 10 years

•   Monthly payments: $562

•   Total interest amount: $17,459

•   Total repayment amount: $67,459

Now let’s say you choose to refinance. Refinancing means a private lender pays off your student loans with a new loan, and you receive a new interest rate and/or term. In this case, let’s say you opt to refinance to a 20-year term and qualify for a 5% rate. Your estimated monthly payments would be $329.98. You’d pay $29,195 in total interest, and the total repayment would be $79,195 over the course of 20 years.

•   Term: 20 years

•   Monthly payments: $330

•   Total interest amount: $29,195

•   Total repayment amount: $79,195

In this example, doubling the term but reducing the interest rate results in lower monthly payments — a relief for many borrowers — but a higher total repayment sum. You’ll pay nearly double in interest charges over the life of the loan.

How Long Can You Extend Your Student Loans For?

You can extend your federal student loan repayment to 30 years on a graduated repayment plan if you consolidate your loans.

Most private lenders limit refinancing to a 20-year loan term, but borrowers who are serial refinancers may go beyond that. With consecutive refinances you can stretch a private loan term to 25 to 30 years.

Consecutive Refinances

You can refinance private or federal student loans as often as you’d like, as long as you qualify. Refinancing can benefit you when you find a lower interest rate on your student loans, but be aware of the total picture:

Pros

Cons

May save money every time you refinance Will lose access to federal programs like loan forgiveness, income-driven repayment, and generous forbearance and deferment if federal student loans are refinanced
May allow for a lower interest rate and lower monthly payments If you choose a longer loan term, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan
Most student loan providers don’t charge fees for refinancing such as origination fees or prepayment penalties) You may not qualify for the best rates if you have a poor credit score

How do you know when to refinance student debt? If you find a lower interest rate, you could save money over the life of the new loan.

You can use a student loan refinancing calculator to estimate monthly savings and total savings over the life of the loan.

Refinancing Your Student Loans to a 30-Year Term

You cannot directly refinance your student loans into a 30-year term because almost all refinance lenders offer a maximum of 15- or 20-year terms. But you could take advantage of consecutive refinances to draw out payments for 30 years.

Or you could opt for consolidation of federal student loans for up to 30 years.

Consecutive Refinance Approach

Since there’s no limit on the number of times you can refinance your federal and private student loans, as long as you qualify or have a cosigner, you can refinance as many times as you need to in order to lengthen your loan term.

Direct Consolidation Approach

If you have multiple federal student loans, you can consolidate them into a Direct Consolidation Loan with a term up to 30 years. Because the loan remains a government loan, you would keep federal student loan benefits and may even qualify for loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years.

While extending your loan term may reduce your monthly payments in the short-term, it’s likely it will cost you more in interest in the long term. If you are struggling to make your federal loan payments, you might be better off choosing an income-driven repayment plan instead of extending your loan term.

Other Ways to Reduce Your Monthly Student Loan Payments

One of the best ways to reduce your monthly student loan payments is to talk with your loan servicer to determine your options.

Some student loan servicers shave a little off your interest rate if you make automatic payments.

More employers are considering offering help with student loan payments as an employee perk.

And through 2025, employers can contribute up to $5,250 per worker annually in student loan help without raising the employee’s gross taxable income.

Ready to Refinance Your Student Loans?

Is a 30-year student loan refinance a thing? It can be, for serial refinancers. Then there’s the 30-year federal student loan consolidation option. The point of a longer term is to shrink monthly payments. To reiterate, though, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


Photo credit: iStock/blackCAT

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Guide to Payable on Death vs. In Trust For

“In trust for” (ITF) and “payable on death” (POD) are two designations that you can use to pass on bank accounts or other financial accounts after you’re gone. The main difference between in trust for vs. payable on death is that the former has a trustee while the latter does not.

Which one you opt for can depend on your personal wishes for passing on those assets. Understanding how each one works can make it easier to choose between a POD vs. trust account when crafting an estate plan.

This guide will help you learn the pros and cons of each type of financial account and compare them.

What Is Payable on Death (POD)?

A payable on death account allows the owner to pass the assets in that account to a named beneficiary once they die. For example, you might open an online savings account and name your adult child as the beneficiary.

During your lifetime, you’d be able to use the account however you wish. You could make deposits or withdrawals, and the beneficiary would have no rights to the account. Once you pass away, the beneficiary would inherit the account from you. You can use POD designations with multiple bank accounts to name different beneficiaries.

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How Payable on Death Works

Payable on death works by allowing the owner of a financial account to choose one or more beneficiaries to inherit the account. The account owner would fill out a POD form or beneficiary designation form with their bank or the financial institution that holds the account.

When the POD account owner passes away, the bank would be required to release any assets in the account to the individual or individuals named as beneficiaries. The beneficiary will typically need to present a death certificate first to prove that the account owner has passed away.

In a sense, payable on death is similar to designating a beneficiary for a 401(k) plan or Individual Retirement Account (IRA). For example, 401(k) beneficiary rules do not allow access to the account while the owner is alive. Once the owner passes away, however, the beneficiary would be entitled to receive all the funds.

Payable on Death Rules

The main rule to know about payable on death is that the beneficiary has no access to the money in the account until the account owner dies. So again, say that you name your adult child as the beneficiary to your savings account. Even though they’re listed as the beneficiary, they would not be able to go to the bank and withdraw money from the account as long as you’re still living.

Additional rules apply when there are multiple beneficiaries. All beneficiaries would be entitled to an equal share of the assets in the account. For example, assume that you have four children instead of just one. If you name all of them beneficiaries on a savings account, they’d each be entitled to 25% of the account’s assets when you pass away.

What Is In Trust For?

An in trust for, or ITF, account allows a grantor to designate a trustee who will manage financial assets on behalf of one or more named beneficiaries. The grantor is the person who owns the account; they can also be the trustee during their lifetime. The beneficiary is the person who will inherit the account assets when the grantor passes away.

After the grantor dies, the trustee can continue to manage the assets in the account on behalf of the trustee. An in trust for arrangement offers a greater degree of control than payable on death in this way: The trustee is obligated to carry out the wishes of the trust grantor.

Recommended: Putting Your House in a Trust

How In Trust For Works

An in trust for arrangement works by allowing the owner of a financial account or asset to establish a trust to hold those assets. In trust for can apply to savings accounts, checking accounts, or other bank accounts, as well as investment accounts.

The grantor sets the terms of the trust, and the trustee is responsible for ensuring those terms are carried out. For example, the grantor may specify that the beneficiary cannot receive assets from the account until they turn 30 or get married. The trustee would manage the assets in the account until either one of those events comes to pass.

In Trust For Rules

In trust for rules allow for flexibility, since the grantor can decide:

•   Who should serve as trustee

•   Who will be named as beneficiaries

•   How assets in the trust should be managed

•   When and how beneficiaries will have access to those assets.

An in trust for arrangement could allow the beneficiaries access to trust assets while the grantor is still alive, if that’s the wish of the grantor. Meanwhile, trustees are required to follow a fiduciary duty when managing trust assets. In simpler terms, they must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries.

If the trust is revocable, the grantor has the power to change its terms or revoke it while they’re living. Once they pass away, the trust becomes irrevocable and cannot be altered.

In Trust For vs. Payable on Death

When choosing between in trust for vs. payable on death, it might seem a little confusing since they both allow you to designate a beneficiary for financial accounts. Comparing them side-by-side can make it easier to see how they overlap and where they differ.

Similarities

First, consider the similarities:

•   Whether you designate a financial account as a POD vs. trust, the end goal is the same: to pass on assets in the account to one or more named beneficiaries. As the owner of the account, you have the power to decide who to name as a beneficiary to your accounts. If you’re creating an in trust for account, you can also choose who should act as trustee.

•   Whether you choose payable on death vs. in trust for, the assets in the account avoid probate. Probate is a legal process in which a deceased person’s assets are inventoried, any outstanding debts owed by their estate are paid, and remaining assets are distributed to their heirs.

Going through probate can be costly and time-consuming for heirs. Naming a beneficiary, whether it’s through an in trust for or POD arrangement, allows those assets to bypass the probate process.

Differences

Next, look at how these two kinds of accounts vary

•   The main difference between a beneficiary in trust vs. payable on death account is that one has a trustee and the other doesn’t. When you name a trustee, you’re essentially choosing someone to manage assets on behalf of your beneficiary rather than handing them over directly.

The upside is an in trust for arrangement allows you to have greater control over what happens to the assets that you’re passing on. Setting up an in trust for arrangement usually requires a little more paperwork than establishing a POD account.

Depending on the value of the assets in question, you might need an estate planning attorney’s help to set up an in trust for account.

Pros and Cons of POD

Payable on death accounts have advantages and disadvantages. Here are the main benefits to know:

•   Account owners can decide who gets their assets, without needing to include them in a will.

•   Beneficiaries can bypass the probate process.

•   Naming beneficiaries means that heirs don’t have to go looking for lost bank accounts when you pass away.

Are there some cons? It depends.

•   If you’re the account owner, you may appreciate the fact that you can leave assets to heirs and still have the use of them during your lifetime.

•   Beneficiaries, on the other hand, may be unhappy about having to wait to gain control of those assets until you pass away.

Pros and Cons of In Trust For

In trust for arrangements have similar pros and cons. On the plus side:

•   You’ll be able to pass money on to named heirs. If you’ve ever been in a situation where you’re trying to track down unclaimed money from deceased relatives, then you might appreciate an in trust for situation which would eliminate any questions about who gets what.

•   This kind of arrangement could also be helpful in situations where it’s likely that heirs may dispute the division of assets. By creating an in trust for agreement, you can decide who will get the assets, who will manage them as trustee, and when beneficiaries can receive the assets.

•   Again, both POD and in trust for accounts can be excluded from probate.

Also be aware of the potential cons:

•   Trusts can be costly to establish if you’re working with an attorney.

•   The trustee is also entitled to collect a fee for overseeing the trust, which can add to the total cost.

Recommended: What Is the Difference Between Will and Estate Planning?

The Takeaway

In trust for and payable on death are designed to make the process of passing on bank accounts and other financial accounts easier. You might consider setting up either one if you’d like to ensure that your assets go to the right people when you pass away. Your bank accounts typically have value, and you probably want to make sure that those assets you tended to during your lifetime get into the hands of the right people with a minimum of effort and expense.

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Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.20% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Is In Trust For or Payable on Death better?

Whether it’s better to choose in trust for vs. payable on death can depend on the specifics of your situation. In trust for is usually better when you want to maintain a greater degree of control over the financial assets that you’re passing on. Payable on death may be preferable when you simply want to ensure that a specific beneficiary inherits a financial account.

Is ITF the same as POD?

ITF stands for in trust for, which is an arrangement in which a grantor establishes a trust to hold assets on behalf of one or more beneficiaries. POD stands for payable on death, which means that assets in a financial account are payable to one or more named beneficiaries when the account owner passes away.

What is the difference between In Trust For and a beneficiary?

In trust for means that a financial account or asset is being held in trust on behalf of one or more beneficiaries. A trustee is responsible for managing the assets for the beneficiaries, according to the terms set by the person who created the trust. A beneficiary is someone who stands to benefit financially from the death of another person, either by inheriting assets or receiving proceeds from a life insurance policy.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/31/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

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Guide to Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI)

Non-bank financial institutions provide financial services, but they don’t hold the same license or charter as a bank. Also referred to as non-bank financial companies or NBFCs, these entities can extend credit, provide investment services, cash checks, and exchange currencies. However, they generally can’t accept deposits from customers.

There are different types of non-bank financial institutions, and the way they’re structured can determine what services they provide. An NBFC can serve as a complement to traditional banking services or act as a competitor to licensed banks.

Here, you’ll learn more about these businesses, how they compare to banks, and their pros and cons.

What Are Non-Bank Financial Institutions?

Nonbanking financial institutions (NBFI) are institutions that don’t have a banking license but are able to facilitate certain types of financial services. They’re different from depository institutions, which can offer deposit accounts such as checking accounts, savings accounts, or money market accounts. An NBFI or NBFC is not licensed or equipped to accept deposits.

Non-bank financial institutions can specialize in niche financial services, including:

•   Investments

•   Financial consulting

•   Brokeraging

•   Money transfers

•   Check cashing

•   Risk pooling.

They can target a broad or narrow range of customers, which can include consumers, business owners, and corporate entities. Because they’re not licensed the same way that banks are, NBFCs are not subject to the same degree of government regulation and oversight.

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No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.

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How Do NBFCs Work?

Now that you know NBFCs’ meaning, consider how these institutions work. In general, NBFCs work by providing financial services that are outside the scope of what traditional banking typically entails. There are different types of organizations that can bear the NBFC (or NBFI) label. The type of organization can determine how it works and what services it offers.

Here are some of the most common types of NBFCs:

•   Investment companies

•   Loan companies

•   Companies that offer asset-based financing

•   Micro-lending companies

•   Risk pooling institutions.

In terms of regulation, NBFCs generally operate within the framework of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. However, the scope of regulation that extends to NBFCs and NBFIs is limited. For that reason, they’re sometimes referred to as “shadow banks” since they operate within the shadows of traditional banking institutions.

Pros and Cons of NBFCs

Non-bank financial institutions have both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, they can play an important role in providing financial services outside the confines of traditional banking.

However, questions have been raised about the lack of oversight for NBFCs and what implications that might have for the individuals and businesses that use them.

Here are some of the main pros and cons of NBFCs at a glance.

Pros of NBFCsCons of NBFCs
NBFCs can provide easier access to credit for individuals and businesses who need to borrow money. NBFCs cannot provide certain banking services, including offering deposit accounts.
Investors may be able to find higher-yield through an NBFC or NBFI that isn’t offered at a bank. Financial experts have argued that NBFCs and NBFIs can pose a systemic risk to the financial system as a whole.
NBFCs can offer alternative services to customers, such as check cashing, that may otherwise be inaccessible.Operations are largely unregulated and there may be less transparency around NBFCs vs. traditional banks.

Accountability is more of a question mark with non-bank financial companies since there’s less oversight overall. The increase in popularity of NBFCs has raised questions about the need for greater regulation of this section of the financial services industry.

Recommended: How to Switch Banks in 3 Easy Steps

NBFCs vs Banks vs Fintech

You may wonder how NBFCs and NBFIs compare to banks and fintech companies. Here are some points to consider:

•   Non-bank financial companies are not the same as banks, and they can also be differentiated from fintech. Again, a bank is a financial institution that holds a license or charter which allows it to accept deposits from its customers. Some banks may fall within the category of Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFIs), which help to promote access to capital and financial services in underserved areas.

•   Fintech or financial technology is a term that describes the use of innovation to improve financial services and products. Fintech generally encompasses tools, apps, and other tech that can make managing money or borrowing it easier. There can be some overlap between NBFCs and fintech or between fintech and banks.

Which is better, an NBFC vs. a bank vs. fintech? There is no single answer as each one can fulfill different needs. Comparing them side by side can make it easier to distinguish between them.

NBFCsBanksFintech
What It IsAn NBFC or non-bank financial company provides alternative financial services but does not hold a banking license.Banks are financial institutions that hold a federal or state license or charter which allows them to accept deposits.Fintech is a broad term that can refer to technological innovations that are applied within the financial services industry.
How It WorksNBFCs work by offering financial services (other than accepting deposits) to their customers, such as check cashing, investment services, or insurance. Banks work by accepting deposits, lending money, and facilitating financial transactions. Some of the benefits of local banking include being able to open a checking account, apply for a mortgage, or pay bills online. How fintech works can depend on its application. For example, budgeting apps can link to your checking account to track spending automatically. Robo-advisors make it easy to invest using an algorithm.
Whom It’s ForNBFCs may be right for individuals or businesses who are seeking services outside of traditional banking.Banks are suited to people who want to be able to deposit funds, withdraw them on demand, or borrow money. Fintech may appeal to people who want easier access to their finances online or via mobile apps.

Examples of NBFCs

As mentioned, there are different types of NBFCs and NBFIs. If you’re looking for a specific non-banking financial institution example, the list may include:

•   Life insurance companies

•   Insurance companies that underwrite disability insurance policies

•   Property insurance companies

•   Mutual funds

•   Pension funds

•   Hedge funds

•   Financial advisors and investment advisors

•   Securities traders

•   Broker-dealers

•   Mortgage companies

•   Peer-to-peer lending companies

•   Payday lenders

•   Leasing or financing companies

•   Companies that provide money transfer services

•   Check cashing companies.

If you invest money, send money to friends and family via an app, or own a home, then chances are you’ve encountered an NBFC somewhere along the way. Examples of companies that may be classified as NBFC include LendingClub, Prosper, and Quicken Loans.

At the same time, you may also use traditional banking services if you have a checking account or savings account at a brick-and-mortar bank or an online bank.

NBFCs and the 2008 Financial Crash

The 2008 financial crash was fueled by a number of factors, including risky lending and investment practices. The resulting fallout included bank failures, banking bailouts, and a housing market crisis. Many of the companies that were engaging in these risky behaviors were NBFCs.

In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was passed to address some of the conditions that led to the crisis, including the lack of regulation and oversight as it pertained to NBFCs. The legislation made it possible for non-banking financial institutions to flourish, rather than whither away in the wake of the crisis.

Why? Simply because NBFCs continued to lend money at a time when traditional banks were placing greater restrictions on lending. While questions linger about the degree of regulation needed for NBFCs, their popularity has only increased since the financial crisis.

Recommended: Alternatives to Traditional Banking

The Takeaway

Non-bank financial institutions can play a part in how you manage your money. For some people, they may provide financial services that make their lives easier. However, they are not regulated in the same way that licensed or chartered banks are. Also, if you want to be able to deposit money into your checking or savings account, then you can do that through a bank.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.20% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How are NBFCs different banks?

NBFCs are different from banks because they do not hold a banking license or charter. While they can provide some of the same financial services as banks, they’re not equipped to accept deposits from customers.

What is the difference between fintech and NBFCs?

Fintech refers to the use of innovation and technology to improve financial products and expand access to financial services. An NBFC can use fintech in order to offer its products and services to its customers. For example, an investment company may offer robo-advisor services that operate on a fintech platform.

What are the disadvantages of NBFCs?

The main disadvantages of NBFCs include lack of government regulation and oversight, as well as their inability to offer deposit accounts. However, NBFCs can offer numerous advantages, including convenient access to credit and the potential to earn higher returns on investments.


Photo credit: iStock/shapecharge
SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/31/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Guide to Custodial Accounts and How They Work

Many parents want to save for their child’s future. One way to do this is by setting up a custodial account. This type of account specifically allows an adult to put money into a savings or investment account for a minor, which they can then access once they reach adulthood.

Custodial accounts can be a great way to give a child a financial gift. These funds can eventually be used for such expenses as their education, a car, wedding, renting an apartment, or even buying a home. If college is a particular goal, you can even open a custodial account designed for this very purpose.

If you’re considering opening up a custodial account for a young person, read on to learn what a custodial account is, the different types, and how they operate.

What is a Custodial Account?

A custodial account is savings or an investment account, established with a bank, brokerage firm, or mutual fund company, that’s managed by an adult on behalf of a minor, also known as the beneficiary.

Custodial accounts typically allow a parent, grandparent, family friend, or guardian to start saving for the child, until they reach adulthood, which depending on the state of residence, could be 18, 21, or even 25 years of age.

Even though the custodian manages and oversees the funds, the account is in the child’s name. Once the child reaches adulthood, the account legally transfers to their control.

Recommended: What is Retail Banking?

How Custodial Accounts Work

Opening a custodial account is simple. You can likely start one with almost any financial institution, brokerage firm, or mutual fund company. All a custodian probably needs to establish one is to provide basic personal information about themselves and the child. Once a custodial account is created, the adult can start contributing funds into the account.

The financial institution sets the terms of the account, which may include a minimum balance, maintenance fees, and initial investment requirements, among other stipulations. Individuals can usually contribute as much as they want to a custodial account, but there’s a federal cap on how much you can contribute that’s free of the gift tax imposed by the IRS. In 2023, this amount is up to $17,000 for individuals and $34,000 for married couples per child, per year.

Custodial bank accounts usually come with protections for the beneficiary. While the custodian can withdraw money from the account, legally the money must only be used to benefit the minor. This means the adult in charge of the account can’t use the funds for their own personal reasons. Additionally, any contribution made becomes the property of the child, so transactions can’t be changed or reversed.

A monthly contribution to a custodial account can make a big difference in a child’s life because the money can substantially accumulate over the years. According to Fidelity Investments, starting to contribute $50 a month to a custodial account when a child is 5 years old can result in $21,000 once that child reaches age 21. Put in $150 a month and that amount goes up to $63,000, while $250 a month clocks in at $104,900.

Recommended: Tax Credits vs. Tax Deductions: What’s the Difference?

Types of Custodial Accounts

There are two main types of custodial accounts: the Uniform Gift to Minors Act (UGMA) and the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA). While both have the same objective and eliminate the need to start a trust, they work in slightly different ways. Another option is the Coverdell ESA and 529 accounts that can help with saving for college.

Uniform Gift to Minors Act (UGMA)

The Uniform Gift to Minors Act (UGMA), established in 1956, is a custodial account that grants adults the opportunity to give or transfer many different kinds of financial assets to a child. Here’s what is important to know:

•   Besides cash, assets in an UGMA account can include individual stocks, index funds, bonds, mutual funds, and insurance policies.

•   UGMA accounts aren’t limited to educational expenses. In fact, the money can be used by the beneficiary for anything once they come of age. A UGMA doesn’t have restrictions or contribution and withdrawal limits, but, as previously noted, gift tax limits apply.

•   This kind of custodial account is available in all 50 states and is easy to set up at many financial institutions and brokerages nationwide. Keep in mind there may be a minimum deposit required to open an UGMA.

•   There aren’t any tax benefits for contributions, but up to $1,250 of any earnings from a custodial account may be exempt from the IRS, and a portion of up to $1,250 of any earnings greater than the exempt amount may be taxed. If so, it will be at the child’s tax rate, which is generally lower than their parent’s tax rate.

•   Since education costs are one main reason parents or loved ones open a custodial account, one thing to know is because the funds are considered an asset owned by the child, it can affect their ability to get financial aid and student loans.

Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA)

The Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA), is a newer, expanded version of an UGMA. There are some differences between them to be aware of:

•   The main difference is that an UTMA account can include physical assets, such as cars, art, jewelry, and real estate.

•   You are not able to open a UTMA in every state. Currently, South Carolina and Vermont are two that don’t allow you to open a UTMA custodial account. And many states have a higher age at which a beneficiary can take control of a UTMA compared to a UGMA account.

•   The zero contribution limits, tax benefits, and financial aid impact that come with UGMAs are the same for UTMAs.

Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) and 529 Plans

There are two educational savings plans that fall under the umbrella of custodial accounts and can help a parent save for college for their child. One is the Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA).

•   This type of custodial account exists solely for saving for a child’s future educational needs. According to the IRS, ESA contributions made must be in cash and are not tax deductible.

•   Unlike UTMAs and UGMAs, there’s a $2,000 limit per year to how much you can contribute to the ESA’s account beneficiary.

•   ESA custodial accounts also have income-based restrictions and are only available to families who fall under a certain income level. Coverdell ESA’s are created by each state so you’ll need to see if your state offers one.

A 529 College Savings Plan, also known as a “qualified tuition plan” is often considered a kind of custodial account because it’s created to pay for the beneficiary’s educational expenses, whether it’s for college, tuition costs for kids in grades K-12, certain apprenticeship programs, and even to pay student loans.

•   Unlike other custodial plans, a 529 College Savings account can remain in the holder’s name even when the beneficiary reaches the age of majority in their state.

•   There aren’t any income limits for a 529 Plan, which differentiates it from a Coverdell ESA.

•   The 529 Plans are state-sponsored and most states offer at least one. You must be a U.S. resident to open a 529 Plan.

•   You don’t have to be a resident of the state and can pick another state’s plan, but your state may offer a tax deduction if you live there and open one. The Federal Reserve features a list of state 529 Plans.

Custodial Accounts vs. Traditional Savings Account

Both a custodial account and a traditional kid’s savings account can be opened with the goal of putting money away for a child’s future. However, they are two separate types of accounts that operate in different ways.

•   A traditional savings account opened for a minor is a type of joint account that typically can be accessed and used by both the minor and their parent or guardian. Some states and financial institutions have age limits or restrictions on whether a child can be on a joint account. With a custodial account, as previously mentioned, a minor can’t make any transactions until they reach the age of maturity.

•   Traditional savings accounts typically have no limits on how much money you can keep in the account, but banks may have a base amount you need to open an account along with minimum balance requirements.

•   Custodial accounts may be better for long-term savings, while a traditional savings account can teach kids about banking and good finance habits.

Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Bank Accounts

Pros and Cons of Custodial Accounts

Custodial accounts have their upsides and downsides. Here’s some pros and cons to consider, presented in chart form:

Pros of Custodial Accounts Cons of Custodial Accounts
Easy to set up Custodian loses monetary control when beneficiary comes of age
Can be inexpensive to establish May have a cap on how much you can contribute due to gift-tax laws
May have tax benefits Not as tax-exempt as other types of financial accounts
Money is the property of the child Can impact the ability to get financial aid
Anyone can make a contribution to the account Contributions are irrevocable

4 Steps to Opening a Custodial Account

Setting up a custodial account is simple and doesn’t take up a lot of time. Here’s how to open a custodial account in four steps.

1. Decide on the Type of Custodial Account

Research the various options to determine which kind of account would best suit your goals and those of the child. For example, is the goal strictly for educational expenses? Are there limits to contributions? Do you want contributions to include physical assets as well as monetary funds?

2. Figure out Where You Want to Open the Account

Banks, brokerage firms, and mutual fund companies all offer custodial accounts. Pick the one that best suits your comfort level, familiarity, and goals for the child.

3. Gather the Child’s Personal Information as Well as Your Own

When you open the account, you’ll want to have the necessary information ready, such as the custodian and child’s Social Security numbers, addresses, phone numbers, and dates of birth.

The person who will be controlling the account will most likely have to provide employment information and have the account number(s) ready for another bank or investment account they want linked so they can transfer the money between accounts.

4. Open the Account

Many financial institutions make it easy for you to start an account online through their websites, or you can go to the financial institution in person.

The Takeaway

Custodial accounts can be a solid way to sock money away for a child’s future, whether it be for their education, a financial gift, or to provide them with a leg up on savings once they become young adults. These accounts can be opened at financial institutions and banks around the country, and you don’t even need to leave home to set one up. Depending on which type of custodial account you choose, you may also enjoy some tax-advantages too.

FAQ

Are custodial accounts a good idea?

They can be. Saving and investing money on behalf of a child can make their lives easier once they’ve become an adult. Having a built-in financial cushion they can use for their education, housing, a trip, or even towards retirement can be a valuable gift to someone as they start their adult life.

How does a custodial account work?

A parent, grandparent, guardian, or loved one can open a custodial account for a child, at a bank, brokerage, or mutual fund firm. The account is for the benefit of the child and managed by an adult or the custodian of the account, with contributions added over time, if desired. Once the child turns 18, 21, or 25 (depending on which state they live in), the money is turned over to them.

What are the pros and cons of custodial accounts?

The advantages of a custodial account are an automatic savings available to the child when they become of age, typically to spend on whatever they want; some potential tax breaks for the person who opens the account; and the ease of setting them up. Downsides of a custodial account include a possible cap on how much you can give because of gift-tax restrictions; the inability to reverse any transaction after its completed; and, since the account is considered an asset of the child, it could affect their ability to be eligible for financial aid when applying to schools.


Photo credit: iStock/Drazen Zigic

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/31/2024. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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