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Your financial aid may change from year to year, based upon a number of factors — but it does not automatically increase each year. In fact, sometimes the amount may decrease.

Your financial information is used to calculate the amount of financial aid you receive each year. If your financial circumstances change, you may be eligible for more or less need-based gift aid (the kind you don’t pay back) each year. The maximum amount you can take out in federal Direct Loans, however, does increase for each year you’re in school.

Here’s a closer look at how your financial aid is calculated each year you are in school and why it might go up or down after freshman year.

Do You Have to Apply for Financial Aid Every Year?

You must apply for financial aid each year by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Any changes in your family’s circumstances can affect the amount of need-based aid you are awarded. Need-based aid includes grants, scholarships, work-study, and subsidized federal student loans (in which the government pays your interest while you are in school and for six months after you graduate).

It’s a good idea to fill out your FAFSA soon after it becomes available. This ensures you’ll be considered for all types of federal financial aid, including state aid and financial aid funded directly by colleges and universities. Typically the FAFSA opens October 1 for the following academic year. Due to an overhaul and simplification of the form, however, the 2024-25 FAFSA is slated to open some time in December 2023. In future years, the FAFSA will go back to opening on October 1.

You’ll want to check the FAFSA filing deadline for your chosen school by going to their financial aid website. Some schools also require other applications for financial aid (such as the CSS profile).


💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

How Do You Fill Out the FAFSA?

You can fill out the FAFSA online at studentaid.gov. Here’s how:

1. Create an FSA ID. This is a username and password that you will need to complete the FAFSA (as well as take out loans and log in to all Federal Student Aid websites). Keep in mind that parents need to create their own account using their own unique email address and password.

2. Gather documents. You’ll find a list of the documents you need to complete the FAFSA right here.

3. Fill out the application. You’ll need to supply both personal and financial information. If you have any questions as you go along, you can go to the FAFSA Help page. You’ll also have the opportunity to list the schools you are interested in applying to, even if you have yet to apply. This list is not shared with the schools you list.

4. Review your FAFSA Submission Summary. Once your FAFSA has been submitted and processed, you’ll receive an email letting you know your FAFSA Submission Summary is ready to review on studentaid.gov. This contains a summary of the information you entered on the FAFSA and your Student Aid Index, or SAI (formerly called Expected Family Contribution, or EFC). Your SAI is used to determine your eligibility for federal financial aid programs. It’s sent to the colleges you listed on your FAFSA.

Does the Government Decide How Much Money You’ll Be Awarded?

The U.S. Department of Education doesn’t decide how much money you’ll receive in federal student loan funding. What they do, through the information collected on your FAFSA, is determine your eligibility for federal student aid. This information is then forwarded to the schools you’ve listed on your FAFSA.

The Department of Education does set certain limits on the amount of aid any student can get, which can change each year. For example, if you are a dependent student you can borrow up to $5,500 (no more than $3,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans) for your first year in college. For your second year, you can borrow up to $6,500 (no more than $4,500 in subsidized loans). The amount increases each year.

What Role Does Your School of Choice Play?

The financial aid office at each college you apply to will determine how much financial aid you’re eligible to receive. How much you’ll receive depends on several factors, including your:

•   SAI (this number is an indicator of your financial need)

•   Enrollment status (full-time students receive more aid than part-time students)

•   Cost of attendance at the school

The basic formula for distributing federal financial aid looks like this:

School’s cost of attendance – SAI = Financial need

Can You Keep Your Financial Aid Amount Consistent?

There are no guarantees that you’ll receive the same amount of federal student aid from year to year. But there are some things you can do to maintain your financial aid eligibility.

One is to make sure that you achieve Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) each year. Each school has an SAP policy for federal student aid purposes; to see your school’s, you can check your school’s website or ask someone at the financial aid office.

The other way to keep your financial aid as consistent as possible is to fill out the FAFSA each year. Financial aid eligibility does not carry over from one year to the next.

Can You Appeal Your Financial Aid?

If you discover that you’ve been denied financial aid or you’ve received less than what you need, one option is to write an appeal letter. Your school may or may not change its decision, but it may be worthwhile to try, especially if you believe you have other information that they didn’t take into account, or if something significant has changed.

If, for example, one of your parents lost a job recently or someone in the family experienced a medical emergency, then an appeal letter might help. Tips that might help you to write a successful one include:

•  Look for a contact in your school’s financial aid office (ideally the person who has been assigned to your case) and address that person directly.

•  Be polite, professional, and respectful.

•  Be clear about what you’re requesting, including how much aid you need and why.

•  Be concise and compelling, keeping in mind that the financial aid office is likely busy.

•  Provide relevant documentation, such as a doctor’s note or eviction notice. Perhaps give them a breakdown of how you’d spend the money you’re requesting.

•  Carefully proofread your letter and ask a trusted friend or family member to do so, as well.

Paying for College If You Didn’t Receive Federal Financial Aid

If you didn’t receive the federal student aid you anticipated or hoped for, and if an appeal letter isn’t successful (or if you don’t qualify for need-based aid), then other options for paying for college include:

•  Applying for additional scholarships There are smaller scholarships and grants available through private companies, community organizations, and nonprofits. Though each scholarship may be small, if you can cobble together a few, they can help make a dent in your college costs. You can talk to your school’s financial aid department for leads or use one of the many online scholarship search tools.

•  Tapping federal student loans Your financial aid package will tell you what federal student loans you qualify for. These may include Direct Subsidized Loans and/or Direct Unsubsidized Loans (in which students are responsible for all interest accrued). Federal student loans come with low interest rates and valuable protections, such as income-driven repayment plans and generous deferment and forbearance programs.

•  Private student loans If your financial aid package (including federal student loans) isn’t enough to cover all of your school costs, you may next want to look into private student loans. These are available through banks, credit unions, and private lenders. Loan limits vary by lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance at your chosen school, minus any financial aid you received. Interest rates may be fixed or variable and are set by the lender. Generally, borrowers (or their parent cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

•  Part-time job Your financial aid package may include the opportunity to find a job through the Federal Work-Study program. This program funds part-time jobs for college students with financial need. Even if you don’t qualify for work-study, you can look for a job on or off campus to help cover your expenses.

💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

Private Student Loans with SoFi

If you received financial aid for freshman year, remember that you must apply for financial aid each year you are in college. Any changes in your family’s financial circumstances can affect your SAI and, in turn, the amount of money you are awarded. To make sure you get the same amount of aid (or potentially increase your aid), you’ll want to fill out the FAFSA every year.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Borrowing money to pay for school comes at a cost, in the form of interest. In certain situations, interest that has accrued may be “capitalized” on the loan. This means that the accrued interest is added to the principal, or the initial amount borrowed. This new value is then used to calculate the amount of interest owed each day, called student loan capitalized interest.

Interest capitalization can dramatically increase how much a borrower owes over time. Students who have subsidized federal student loans don’t have to worry about interest accruing while they are in school or during their grace period. For other types of federal student loans, including unsubsidized loans and PLUS loans, borrowers are responsible for paying the accrued interest.

Read on for more information about capitalized interest and student loans plus ways that can help reduce the impact of capitalized interest.

What Is Capitalized Interest On A Student Loan?

The simple answer to “What is capitalized interest?” is this: When accrued interest is unpaid, it is sometimes added to the principal value of the loan. This new loan principal becomes the value that is used to calculate the interest. Because the borrower is now paying interest on top of this new, higher loan balance, future payments will also be higher.

How Does Interest Capitalization Work on Student Loans?

Capitalized interest can happen on student loans in several scenarios. First, it may happen after a borrower graduates from school or after a grace period, and unpaid interest is added to the balance of the loan. Second, it could happen after periods of student loan deferment on direct loans and the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) Program loans managed by the U.S. Department of Education. Private student loans that are in forbearance may also be subject to capitalized interest.

Even though payments are not due during these periods, interest is often calculated and added to the balance of the loan once that period is over. This is the process of capitalization, which will likely increase the student loan balance.

Borrowers utilizing income-driven repayment plans may want to pay attention to capitalized interest as well. In these situations, unpaid interest may be capitalized on the loan:

•   If an individual voluntarily leaves an Income-Driven Repayment plan, does not recertify their income and family size annually, or does not have a partial financial hardship

•   If a deferment period ends

•   If a borrower consolidates their loans

In general, unpaid interest is added to the principal of a loan under an IDR plan under the following circumstances:

•   During times of forbearance or deferment

•   While the borrower is enrolled in school and has an unsubsidized loan

•   The borrower has a grace period.

Can You Avoid Student Loan Interest Capitalization?

There are a few ways that borrowers can try to minimize capitalized interest. Once interest is capitalized, there is little a borrower can do about it, so the trick is to avoid scenarios where interest is capitalized in the first place.

How Much Does Capitalized Interest Cost?

The actual cost of capitalized interest varies according to the amount of the principal and interest rate. For instance, if a borrower has $25,000 in student loans with an interest rate of 5%, the capitalized interest could be $3,083. This brings the total amount owed to $23,083.

Note: The monthly payment might be $117 under the SAVE plan, one of the repayment plans offered for federal student loans. The monthly payment can increase if the borrower decides to put the loans in deferment because during these times of non-payment, interest is capitalized.

When Does Interest Accrue?

Interest on federal student loans begins to accrue the day the loans are disbursed, and interest accrues daily through the life of the loan. This is likely the case for many private student loans, but be sure to confirm the terms with the lender before borrowing. Regardless of whether the student loan is federal or private, the promissory note generally includes all pertinent information on the loan.

Depending on the type of loan(s) a borrower has — subsidized or unsubsidized — they may or may not be responsible for paying for the interest charges accrued while they are enrolled in school and during periods of deferment or forbearance.

Immediately after graduation, most federal loans offer a six-month grace period where borrowers aren’t required to make loan payments. The grace period exists so recent graduates have time to find work. Not all loans have grace periods and even if they do, interest may still accrue during the grace period, but a borrower may not be responsible for paying it during this time.

Understanding Interest During Deferment or Forbearance

Students may be able to temporarily halt their student loan payments with programs such as deferment or forbearance due to economic hardship or job loss, but interest may accrue during these periods.

Borrowers with subsidized loans won’t have to pay interest accrued during periods of deferment because the government covers those interest charges. However, the government pays no interest charges on unsubsidized loans during deferment and does not make interest payments on any loan types during periods of forbearance.

It’s important to understand whether or not the interest will be capitalized on the loan before filing for deferment. This can help borrowers prepare for what lies ahead.


💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

Ways to Minimize Capitalized Interest

Making Interest-Only Payments

Consider making interest-only payments while in school, during the loan’s grace period, or during periods of deferment or forbearance. If that isn’t in the cards, try to minimize the amount borrowed.

Applying for Scholarships and Grants

Continue to look for scholarships and grant money while enrolled in school and after receiving your financial aid award. Scholarships and grants are free in the sense that they are not required to be repaid.

Think Carefully Before Taking a Deferment

Graduates should be judicious about taking a deferment whether this period is immediately following school or arises after a borrower loses their job. While you shouldn’t feel bad about utilizing these programs when needed, it can be a wiser decision to do so only if it’s totally necessary.

If a borrower puts their loans in deferment, they can try making interest-only payments. Even if they’re not able to tackle the principal at this time, making interest payments makes it possible to minimize the amount of interest that may ultimately be capitalized on the loan.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? With SoFi’s no-fee loans, you could save thousands.

The Takeaway

When the accrued interest on federal student loans is unpaid, it may be added to the principal value of the loan under certain circumstances. This becomes the new principal value of the loan and is used to calculate the interest as it accrues moving forward. This is capitalized interest, which only applies…

•   When a borrower withdraws from an IDR plan.

•   When a borrower does not update their income and family size, or doesn’t have a financial hardship.

•   After deferment or consolidation of student loans.

In the long term, capitalized interest can make the cost of borrowing more expensive.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

If your parents are high earners, you might assume you won’t get any financial aid to help pay for college. But that’s not necessarily the case. The Department of Education doesn’t have an official income cutoff to qualify for federal financial aid. So, even if you think your parents’ income is too high, it’s still worth applying (it’s also free to do so).

Read on to learn how to get financial aid for college when you think your parents make too much money, as well as how to pay for college costs if you don’t qualify for financial aid.

It All Starts With the FAFSA®

The first step to knowing whether or not you qualify for any financial aid is to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Even if you think your parents make too much to qualify for financial aid, it’s a smart idea to fill out and submit this form.

For one reason, there’s no income cutoff for federal student aid, so you may be surprised by what you are able to qualify for. For another, the FAFSA gives you access to non-need-based aid, such as Direct Unsubsidized Loans and institutional merit aid.


💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

Who Determines Aid Amount and Type?

The financial aid office at your chosen college or career school will determine how much financial aid you are eligible to receive. Here’s a look at what goes into the decision.

1. The first factor considered is the cost of attendance (COA), or what it costs a typical student to attend a particular college or university for one academic year. Cost of attendance includes tuition and fees, as well as books, lodging, food, transportation, loan fees, and eligible study-abroad programs.

2. Then the school considers your Student Aid Index, or SAI (formerly called Expected Family Contribution, or EFC). Your SAI is an eligibility index number that results from the information that you provide in your FAFSA.

3.   To determine how much need-based aid you can get, the school will subtract your SAI from the COA. Need-based aid includes Pell Grants, Direct Subsidized Loans, and federal work-study.

4. To determine how much non-need-based aid you qualify for, the school takes the COA and subtracts any financial aid you’ve already been awarded. Federal non-need-based aid includes Direct Unsubsidized Loans, Direct PLUS Loans, and TEACH Grants.

One big difference between subsidized and unsubsidized loans is when interest accrual starts. Because subsidized loans are need-based, the government covers any interest that accrues until loan repayment starts (typically six months after graduation). With unsubsidized loans, the interest starts to accrue from day one (though you don’t need to start making loan payments until six months after graduation).

You can estimate your eligibility for federal student aid by using either the Federal Student Aid Estimator or your school’s net price calculator (which you can find using the Department of Education’s search tool).

What Are Rules on Dependency, Divorce?

A student’s dependency status can make a big difference on their SAI. Not living with parents or being claimed on their taxes, however, does make you an independent student. To be considered independent for federal financial aid, a student must be at least 24 years of age, married, on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, financially supporting dependent children, an orphan (both parents deceased), a ward of the court, or an emancipated minor.

The rules regarding financial aid and divorce are changing for the 2024 – 2025 school year. The new FAFSA rules require the parent who provided the most financial support in the “prior-prior” tax year to complete the FAFSA application instead of the custodial parent. Prior-prior refers to the tax year two years ago from the beginning of the college semester. For the 2024 – 2025 award year, FAFSA would be looking at the 2022 tax year for this determination.

Other Routes to Meeting All Needs

The government isn’t the only path to money for school. Here are several other options you may want to consider.

Scholarships

The best thing about scholarships? You don’t need to pay them back. The second best thing is that they’re most often based on merit, not need.

So even if your parents make a good living, you may still be eligible. While many are awarded solely on academics, others are given for athletic talent, specific interests, or being a member of a specific group.

There are numerous college scholarships out there, offered by schools, employers, individuals, private companies, nonprofits, communities, religious groups, and professional and social organizations. To suss out scholarship opportunities you might be eligible for, talk to your high school guidance counselor, your college’s financial aid office, and/or check out one of the many online scholarships search tools.

An Appeal of Your SAI

If your financial aid offer is less than you need to be able to afford college, you are within your rights to appeal to the school’s financial aid director.

You might want to be prepared to back up your request with detailed information such as your SAI, the amount you’ll need to successfully attend school, or a change in circumstances that will affect your family’s actual ability to pay, such as a parent’s job loss.

Recommended: How To Write a Financial Aid Appeal Letter

Parent Loans

Parents can apply for a Parent Plus Loan through the Department of Education. These loans are available to parents regardless of income, provided they do not have an adverse credit history. For loans disbursed on or after July 1, 2023, and before July 1, 2024, the interest rate is 8.05%. This is a fixed interest rate for the life of the loan. There is also an origination fee of 4.228%, which is deducted from each loan disbursement.

Some private lenders also offer parent student loans. You can apply for a private parent student loan directly with the lender. Before signing up for a private parent loan, it’s a good idea to shop around to find the lowest student loan interest rate you qualify for. Some lenders have a pre-qualification process that allows you to see a personalized rate before the lender does a hard credit pull.

Both federal and private parent loans can be used to cover any gaps left over after scholarships, grants, and other financial aid have been applied, up to the full cost of attendance.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are also available to students to help them cover the costs of higher education, and they could be a good Plan B if there’s a gap between the aid you received (including federal student loans) and the cost of attendance.

Private student loans don’t have federal benefits like income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness programs, and interest rates are typically higher than undergraduate federal student loans. However, unlike federal student loans, you can apply for them at any time of the year. Plus, you can typically borrow up the full cost of attendance, which gives you more borrowing power than you get with federal student loans.

Private student loans can have either a fixed or variable interest rate; rates are determined by the lender. Qualifying for a private student loan is based on the borrower’s creditworthiness rather than need.

The Takeaway

What happens if your parents make too much money to qualify for financial aid? You may have to shift course a little bit, but there are other ways to get help paying for all of the expenses of college, including merit-based scholarships, non-need-based federal student loans, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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If you have student debt and want to one day buy a home, you may wonder what to focus on first — paying off student loans or buying a house? If you wait until your student loans are paid off to buy a home, you may be renting for a very long time. If, on the other hand, you buy a house before you pay off your student loans, you may be stretching your finances too thin. Which goal should you focus on first?

There’s no one right answer for everyone. Whether you should pay off your student loans or buy a house first will depend on your priorities, time frame, and financial situation. Ideally, you want to work towards both goals at the same time, making progress on your debt while also saving up for a down payment on a home.

Here are some things to consider when deciding whether it’s better to pay off student loans or buy a house.

Reasons to Pay off Your Student Loans Before Buying a House

Depending on your financial situation, it may make sense to pay off your student loans before you buy a house. Here’s a look at some reasons why you might want to prioritize student loan repayment over saving for a down payment.

The Longer You Wait to Pay off Student Debt, the More Interest You’ll Pay

If you want to save money on interest, it’s a good idea to prioritize student loan repayment over buying a home. By paying more than the minimum payment each month, you can reduce the principal balance. This, in turn, will shorten the duration of the loan period — and the interest accrued. Just make sure that your lender puts any extra payments you make towards your principal (and not future payments).

Another way to speed up repayment is to refinance your student loans. Refinancing can fast forward repayment by helping you obtain a lower interest rate, a shorter repayment period, or both. You can refinance private or federal student loans. Just keep in mind that when you refinance federal student loans with a private lender, you forfeit certain federal benefits, such as forbearance and forgiveness programs.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

Your Debt-to-Income Ratio Is High

When you apply for a mortgage, lenders will look at your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, which shows how much of your monthly income goes toward debt repayment each month. The ratio is expressed as a percentage, and mortgage lenders use it to determine how well you manage monthly debts — and if you can afford to repay a loan.

To calculate your current DTI, simply add up all of your monthly debt payments, then divide that number by your monthly gross income (before taxes and deductions). Take that number and multiply by 100. This is your DTI.

Ideally, mortgage lenders like to see a debt-to-income ratio lower than 36%, with no more than 28% of that debt going towards a mortgage or rent payment. While some lenders will allow you to go up to 43% (and sometimes higher), this may not be wise, since it can stress your finances and make you “house poor.”

You Don’t Have Enough Saved for a Substantial Down Payment

A standard rule of thumb is to put at least 20% down on a home’s purchase price. While you may be able to get a conventional mortgage for as little as 3% down, making a smaller down payment on a home purchase generally means paying a higher interest rate on your mortgage. On top of that, you’ll likely need to buy private mortgage insurance (PMI).

Also consider that the more you put down on a home, the more equity you’ll have in your home right away — and the lower your monthly mortgage payment will be.

You Might Move Within the Next Five Years

Renting provides more flexibility than home ownership, as you aren’t necessarily tied down to your property. If you think you may want to relocate in the next five or so years, it may make sense to pay off student loans before buying a house.

A common rule of thumb is that it takes around five to seven years to break even on a house, meaning you have enough equity to recoup that amount of money you put in the house (including closing costs, mortgage payments, and maintenance expenses). That’s why experts typically caution against buying unless you plan to live in the home at least that long.

Reasons to Buy a House Before Paying off Student Loans

In some cases, it makes more sense to buy a home before you pay off student loans. Here are some arguments for putting any extra funds you have towards a down payment on a home over paying down your student debt.

Student Loan Debt Is Not as Bad as Other Types of Debt

Not all debt is created equal. Student loans generally have longer repayment terms and typically feature lower interest rates than many other types of debt, such as credit cards and auto loans. Since your down payment will lower the overall cost of your mortgage, it may be smarter to save up money for a home than to pay off a low-interest student loan.

If you have $12,000 in credit card debt, you would want to make paying that off as quickly as possible your priority, thanks to double-digit interest rates. If you have $12,000 in student loans with a low interest rate, it’s a different story. Paying only the minimum to free up funds to buy a home can be a sensible idea.

Also keep in mind that your student loans may entitle you to a valuable tax deduction — with the student loan interest tax deduction, you may be able to deduct $2,500 or the amount of interest you paid toward your loans, whichever is less.

Recommended: Which Debt to Pay Off First: Student Loan or Credit Card

You Have a Low DTI

If your DTI is 35% or less (meaning a max of 35% of your gross monthly income will go toward your overall monthly debts, including the new mortgage payment), it’s a sign that you can manage home ownership and student loan debt repayment at the same time. With a low DTI, you may be able to comfortably afford your mortgage, monthly student debt payments, and likely still have money available to put into savings and retirement each month.

You Have a Lot in Savings

You’ll need to have access to a sizable amount of cash to purchase a home. In addition to making a down payment, you’ll also need to have funds to cover closing costs and moving expenses. Also keep in mind that when you own a home, you’ll be responsible for all of the home’s maintenance and repair expenses. A general rule is to have1% to 4% of the home’s value set aside for upkeep and repairs.

If you have enough money saved in the bank to cover those costs, you’re in good shape and can likely afford to buy a house before you pay off your student loans.

Buying a Home Is a Top Priority

When deciding whether to buy a house before you pay off student loans, you’ll also want to consider your priorities and personal goals. For example, if you want to have children (or expand your family) in the near future, you may need a larger space. Or, if you’re working at home (or plan to transition to remote work), you might require a home that allows you to set up a dedicated office. Perhaps you want to get a pet, but your rental doesn’t allow them. In some cases, prioritizing a home purchase over paying off student debt may be important in terms of your quality of life.

Options to Consider for Those Trying to Manage Student Debt and Buy Property

If you’ve decided that you can manage paying down student loans while also saving for a home, here are some tips that can help you focus on both goals at the same time.

•   Take an inventory of your debts: A good first step is to write down all of your current debts, including student loans, car loans, credit cards, and any other debt you hold. Make note of the interest rate, remaining balance, and minimum payment for each.

•   Knock down high-interest loans: Next, you may want to funnel any extra money you have towards the debt with the highest interest rate, while continuing to pay the minimum on the rest. Once that debt is paid off, focus on the debt with the next-highest interest rate debt, and so on. Eliminating expensive debt frees up funds that go towards a mortgage payment. It can help improve your DTI, which is helpful when qualifying for a mortgage.

•   Open a dedicated savings account: Consider opening a high-yield savings account specifically for your down payment and home-buying expenses. This will help you track your progress and ensure you won’t spend the money on other things.

Recommended: Student Loan Debt Guide

Saving Strategies

The more you can put down on a home, the less you will need to borrow. A solid down payment can also help you qualify for a lower interest rate on a mortgage and lead to lower monthly payments. These tips can help you reach your down payment savings goals faster.

•   Pay yourself first: Consider setting up an automatic transfer from checking to savings each month to take place right after you get paid. This can help you get used to managing living expenses with what looks like a smaller paycheck, when actually you’re building up your own savings.

•   Take advantage of windfalls: If you receive a lump sum of money, such as a work bonus, gift check, or tax refund, consider funneling it right into your down payment savings account. This will help you meet your down payment goal faster.

•   Reduce expenses: Take a look at where your money is going each month and see if there are any places to cut back. You might decide to cook a few more times a week and spend less on take-out, get rid of a streaming service you rarely watch, or finally cut the cable cord. Anything money you free up can now go into savings.

•   Pick up a side gig: Income from a part-time job or freelance work can be dedicated to savings, helping you reach your goal quicker. You might also consider asking for a raise at your current job or volunteering to work overtime.

💡 Quick Tip: It might be beneficial to look for a refinancing lender that offers extras. SoFi members, for instance, can qualify for rate discounts and have access to financial advisors, networking events, and more — at no extra cost.

How Refinancing Could Potentially Help Prospective Homebuyers

Buying a home and paying off your student loans may seem like competing goals, but that’s not necessarily the case. You can pay down your debt and save for a down payment at the same time by putting more money into savings each month and looking for ways to lower your student loan payments.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) loans are federally backed loans that were originally funded by private companies. The FFEL Program ended in 2010 to pave the way for Federal Direct Loans, but many borrowers still have them. If you took out federal student loans prior to 2010, you may have a FFELP loan.

These older loans may have a high interest rate and don’t qualify for certain federal student loan benefits and forgiveness programs. As a result, you may want to consider consolidating or refinancing FFELP loans.

Read on to learn how you can find out if you have a FFELP loan and, if you do, what your options are in terms of repayment, forgiveness, consolidation, and refinancing.

Does the Federal Family Education Program Still Exist?

Congress discontinued FFELP loans in 2010 and no new loans have been issued under the program since July 1, 2010. At that time, FFELP was replaced by the Federal Direct Loan Program.

Even though no new FFELP loans are being issued, they are far from paid off. As of June 2023, there was a total of $191 billion in FFELP loans remaining with 8.5 million borrowers. Borrowers of these loans are still responsible for making these payments, lenders are required to service them, and the federal government still insures them.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

What Are FFELP Student Loans?

FFEL Program loans are student loans that were issued by commercial lenders but guaranteed by the federal government. That means if a borrower defaulted, the government would pay the lender an interest subsidy to make up for the loss.

The FFEL Program included:

•   Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans

•   Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans

•   Federal PLUS Loans (also known as FFEL PLUS Loans)

•   Federal Consolidation Loans (also known as FFEL Consolidation Loans)

The federal government purchased some lenders’ FFELP portfolios during the Great Recession (2007-2009). As a result, some FFEL Program debt is owned by the government. However, the majority of FFELP loans are privately held.

All federal student loans issued now are from the Direct Loan Program, which includes the same types of loans listed above. However, there are big differences in how the program is administered. The federal government itself now draws on its own capital to directly lend to students, while several federal contractors take care of servicing the loans.

Borrowers with FFELP loans might have had different terms and benefits compared with Direct Loans.

Recommended: Private Student Loans vs Federal Student Loans

How Do I Know if I Have FFELP Loans?

If you have federal student loans from prior to July 2010, you probably have FFELP loans.

To find out if you have a FFEL Program loan, simply log in to your studentaid.gov
account. Under the “Loan Breakdown” section, select “View Loans” to see the list of loans you’ve received. If a loan has “FFEL” at the front of its listing, it’s a FFEL Program loan.

Understanding Your FFEL Loan

If you have a FFELP loan, the biggest difference from a Direct Loan is the source of the money — you received it from a private lender instead of the federal government. Within the FFELP, you can have one of these types of loans (which are no longer offered):

•   Subsidized Stafford Loan This is a loan for undergraduate students where interest is covered by the federal government while the student is in school at least half-time, and during grace or deferment periods.

•   Unsubsidized Stafford Loan This is a loan for undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree students where interest is charged during the entire life of the loan.

•   Federal PLUS Loan This is a loan for either parents of dependent undergraduate students or for graduate or professional students. Interest is charged for the entire loan period.

•   Federal Consolidation Loan This is a loan designed for borrowers to combine multiple federal student loans into a single loan with a single payment.

If you’re not sure what type of loan you have, one place to look is the National Student Loan Data System . This database houses everything you need to know about your federal student loans, including your interest rate, balances, and payment plans.

Are FFEL Loans Eligible for Forgiveness?

FFELP loans are eligible for Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) forgiveness. With this plan, your monthly payment is based on your income and family size and after making payments for 20 or 25 years, the remaining loan balance is forgiven. The only exception is FFELP loans for parents, which do not qualify for this repayment plan.

However, FFELP loans are not eligible for:

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) — formerly the REPAYE Plan

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

To access these programs, you’ll have to consolidate FFELP loans into a federal Direct Consolidation Loan.

Can I Still Consolidate or Refinance My FFEL Loans?

Yes, you can still consolidate or refinance your FFEL loans.

Most types of FFELP loans can be consolidated into a Direct Consolidation Loan. If you choose to consolidate, you may become eligible for additional income-driven repayment plans that offer loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years of repayment. You can repay a Direct Consolidation Loan using the PAYE, SAVE, or ICR repayment plans.

Consolidating your FFEL loans also opens up access to PSLF, which forgives your remaining loan balance after 120 payments while working in a public service job.

In addition, consolidating multiple federal student loans simplifies and streamlines repayment, since you’ll only have one monthly payment to make.

However, student loan consolidation involves some risks. These include losing previously earned PSLF and repayment plan forgiveness credit. (However, the federal government has waived this penalty for those who consolidate before the end of 2023.)

It’s also important to understand that consolidation most likely won’t save you any money. Your new interest rate will be the weighted average of your federal loans’ interest rates, rounded up to the next one-eighth of the percentage point. While consolidation may extend your repayment term (and lower your payment), an extended repayment term means paying more in interest in the long run.

You also have the option of refinancing your FFELP loans. This involves getting a new student loan with a private lender and using it to pay off your FFELP student loans (you can also fold in any other private or federal student loans you may have).

If you have excellent credit, student loan refinancing may allow you to qualify for a lower interest rate. This is especially true of older federal loans, which were made at higher interest rates. Just keep in mind that refinancing federal student loans with a private lender will cause the loans to lose federal protections, such as forbearance and forgiveness programs.


💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

The Takeaway

The Federal Family Education Loan Program, or FFELP, was a loan program in which the U.S. Department of Education worked with private lenders to provide student loans that were backed by the federal government. The program ended on July 1, 2010, but if you have federal student loans from prior to that date, you may have a FFELP loan.

To become eligible for federal programs like PSLF and the new SAVE repayment plan, you’ll need to consolidate your FFEL loan into a Direct Consolidation Loan. If you’re looking to save money on your FFEL loan, you may want to explore refinancing the loan.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.

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