What You Need to Know About Margin Balance

What You Need to Know About Margin Balance

Margin trading simply means borrowing money from a brokerage to purchase securities, and margin balance is the amount of money an investor owes to the brokerage. Trading stocks and other securities on margin allows investors to expand their purchasing power, though the availability of margin is predicated on the holdings an investor has in the first place.

Accordingly, when an investor uses the brokerage’s funds to buy securities, this results in a margin debit balance. Similar to a credit card or traditional loan, a margin balance is a line of credit that the borrower must repay with interest. Having a margin balance outstanding is common in margin trading, but investors should understand the implications of owing money to a brokerage — and what can happen if you’re subject to a margin call.

Key Points

•   Margin balance refers to the amount an investor owes to a brokerage after borrowing funds to purchase securities, enabling increased purchasing power in trading.

•   Investors must meet minimum margin requirements, including an initial deposit and ongoing maintenance margin guidelines, to avoid margin calls from the brokerage.

•   A negative margin balance indicates the amount owed to the brokerage, while a positive balance signifies excess funds available in the margin account.

•   Interest on margin balances varies by brokerage and account size, impacting the net return on investments and necessitating careful management of margin accounts.

•   To mitigate risks, investors should maintain adequate funds in their margin accounts and consider setting limits on borrowing to avoid overextending themselves financially.

What Is Margin Balance?

Again, margin balance is the amount of money an investor owes to its brokerage at any given time in a margin trading account. When an investor opens a margin account, they must make an initial deposit, called the “minimum margin.” The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) requires a minimum margin of at least $2,000, though some brokerages may require a higher minimum.

After making that deposit to their brokerage account, investors can then trade using an initial margin. Federal Reserve Board Regulation T allows investors to borrow up to 50% of the purchase price of securities when trading on margin. So, for example, a margin trader could purchase $10,000 worth of stocks using their own funds and another $10,000 using the brokerage’s funds. The $10,000 borrowed from the brokerage represents the investor’s margin balance.

You can trade a variety of securities in a margin account, including stocks, and derivatives such as options or futures.

The rules for margin balance forex are slightly different. In forex trading, margin represents collateral or security that an investor must deposit with the brokerage to start trading. The brokerage typically sets this as a percentage of the trading order.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

How Margin Balance Works

Margin balance allows investors to borrow money, then repay it to the brokerage with interest. A negative margin balance or margin debit balance represents the amount subject to interest charges. This amount is always either a negative number or $0, depending on how much an investor has outstanding.

Unlike other types of loans, margin balance loans do not have a set repayment schedule. Investors can make payments toward the principal and interest through their brokerage account at a pace convenient for them. They can also deposit cash into their margin accounts or sell off margin securities to reduce their margin balance.

Margin Calls

While there is some flexibility associated with paying off a negative margin balance, investors should understand their interest charges as well as the possibility of being subject to a margin call. Margin calls essentially act as a stopgap risk management tool for the brokerage.

In addition to the minimum margin and the initial margin requirements, investors must observe maintenance margin guidelines. This represents a minimum amount of equity the investor must keep in their account. Under FINRA rules, the maintenance requirement is at least 25% equity, based on the value of the margin account. Some brokerages may raise this to 30%, 40% or more.

Using the previous example, assume that an investor deposits $10,000 of their own money and borrowers $10,000 from their brokerage to invest in marginable securities. Now, say that the investment doesn’t go as planned and the stock’s value drops. That initial $20,000 investment is now worth $10,000. When the margin debit balance of $10,000 is subtracted, that results in a net balance of $0, meaning the trader has zero equity and does not meet the maintenance margin requirements.

At this point, the brokerage may initiate a margin call which would require the investor to deposit more cash into their account in order to continue trading. If an investor can not add more cash to cover the maintenance margin requirement, the brokerage may sell off securities from the account to recoup the negative margin balance.

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Negative Margin Balance

A negative margin balance in a margin account represents what’s owed to the brokerage. Depending on the brokerage, the margin debit balance may be listed inside parentheses or have a negative symbol in front of it.

Margin Balance Example

For example, an investor who has a negative margin balance of $12,225 may see one of the following when logging into their account:

•   Margin balance: -$12,225

•   Margin balance: ($12,225)

They both mean the same thing: that investor owes the brokerage $12,225 for trading on margin.

If a trader’s margin balance shows as a positive amount, that means they have a margin credit balance rather than a margin debit balance. A credit balance can occur if an investor sells off shares to clear their negative margin balance but the settlement amount is more than what they owe to the brokerage.

How Margin Balance Is Calculated

Brokerages can lend investors money on margin but in exchange for this convenience, they can charge those investors interest, or margin rates. The level of those rates depends on the brokerage and the type of securities that you’re trading. Many brokerages use a benchmark rate, known as a broker call rate or call money rate, then tier that rate across different margin account balances.

Brokerages can use this as a baseline rate, then add or deduct percentage points. Generally, the larger the margin account balance, the deeper the margin rate discount. Meanwhile, traders who maintain lower margin balances tend to pay higher interest rates. So, an investor with less than $25,000 in their account might pay 7%-8% for margin rates while an investor with over $1 million in their account might pay 4%-5% instead.

Brokerages typically calculate margin interest on a daily basis and charge it to an investor’s account monthly. The interest charges on a margin account can directly affect the net return realized from an investment. Higher margin rates can increase the rate of return needed to break-even on an investment or realize a profit on a stock.

Managing Your Margin Balance

Managing a margin account and margin balances begins with understanding the risks involved, including the possibility of a margin call. The value of your securities can impact your margin balance, and increased volatility could cause the value of margin securities to drop, which could put you below the maintenance margin requirements. You’d then need to deposit more money to your account to continue trading.

Maintaining a cushion of funds inside your margin account could help avoid margin calls. Alternatively, you may keep a reserve of funds elsewhere that you could transfer to your margin account if increased volatility threatens to diminish the value of margin securities in your portfolio.

It’s also important to consider how much money you’re comfortable owing to your brokerage at any given time. Setting a cap on the maximum margin can help you avoid overextending yourself. You can also keep margin balances under control by scheduling regular cash deposits or routinely selling securities to reduce what’s owed. One strategy is to pay enough to cover the interest each month to keep your balance from ballooning.

💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

The Takeaway

A margin balance refers to the balance in an investor’s margin account, which involves borrowing money from a brokerage with which to make trades. That can help investors or traders increase their potential returns, if used wisely.

When you open a brokerage account, you can choose either a cash account or a margin account that allows you to engage in margin trading. Margin trading is a more advanced investment strategy that requires some know-how of the markets and a willingness to accept higher levels of risk.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

¹Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $3,000 in the stock of your choice.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/AndreyPopov

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

¹Claw Promotion: Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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Is a Reverse Stock Split Good or Bad?

A stock split allows companies to increase the number of shares offered to investors, without changing shareholder equity. Rather than issuing new shares, companies may split stock to reduce prices. A reverse stock split can be used to condense and combine stock shares. This type of stock split is often done to increase share prices.

While a reverse stock split can improve a stock’s price in the near term, it could be a sign that a company is struggling financially. Large fluctuations in stock pricing associated with a reverse stock split could also cause investors to lose money. For investors who are concerned about managing risk inside their investment portfolio, it’s important to understand how a reverse stock split works, along with the pros and cons.

Key Points

•   A reverse stock split reduces the number of shares on the market and can be used to boost share prices in the short-term.

•   Companies may execute a reverse stock split to attract new investors, or meet minimum bid price requirements.

•   Investors don’t usually lose money on a stock split, but the value of their shares and dividend payments may change.

•   Whether a reverse stock split is good or bad depends on the company’s financial situation and goals.

•   A reverse stock split may create opportunities for growth or result in losses if the new price doesn’t hold.

What Is a Reverse Stock Split?

A stock split increases the number of shares available to trade without affecting an investor’s equity stake in those shares. For example, if you own 100 shares of XYZ stock and the company initiates a two-for-one split, you’d own 200 shares of stock once it’s completed. At the same time, the stock’s price would be cut in half. So if your shares were worth $100 before, they’d be worth $50 each afterward.

A reverse stock split moves in the opposite direction. Companies can use different ratios for executing reverse stock splits. For example, a company could decide to initiate a reverse split that converts every 10 shares of stock into a single share. So if you owned 100 shares before the reverse split, you’d own 10 shares afterward.

The stock’s price would also change proportionately. So if each share of stock was valued at $10 before the split, those shares would be worth $100 afterward. Your overall investment would still be valued at $1,000; the only thing that changes is the number of shares you own.

Why Do Companies Execute Reverse Stock Splits?

There are different reasons why a company may choose to execute a reverse stock split. Most often, it’s used as a tool for increasing the share prices of stock.

Raising stock prices is a tactic that can be used to attract new investors if the company believes the current trading price is too low. A higher share price could send a signal to the market that the company is worth investing in. Companies may also choose to reverse split stocks to meet minimum bid price requirements in order to stay listed on a major stock exchange.

Reverse stock splits don’t affect a company’s market capitalization, which represents the total number of a company’s outstanding shares multiplied by its current market price per share. But by consolidating existing shares into fewer shares, those shares can become more valuable.

Do Investors Lose Money on a Stock Split?

Investors don’t usually lose money on a stock split. Avoiding losses is part of investing strategically, and it makes sense if investors wonder how a forward stock split or a reverse stock split could impact them financially.

A stock split itself doesn’t cause an investor to lose money, because the total value of their investment doesn’t change. What changes is the number of shares they own and the value of each of those shares.

For example, if you have $1,000 invested before a forward stock split or a reverse stock split, you would still have $1,000 afterward. But depending on which way the stock split moves, you may own more or fewer shares and the price of those shares would change correspondingly.

If you own a stock that pays stock dividends, those dividend payments would also adjust accordingly. For instance, in a forward two-for-one split of a stock that’s currently paying $2 per share in dividends, the new payout would be $1 per share. If you own a stock that pays $1 per share in dividends, then undergoes a reverse stock split that combines five shares into one, your new dividend payout would be $5 per share.

Are Reverse Stock Splits Good or Bad?

Whether a reverse stock split is good or bad can depend on why the company chose to initiate it and the impacts it has on the company’s overall financial situation.

At first glance, a reverse stock split can seem like a red flag. If a company is trying to boost its share price to try and attract new investors, that could be a sign that it’s desperate for cash. But there are other indicators that a company is struggling financially. A poor earnings call or report, or a diminishing dividend could also be clues that a company is underperforming.

In terms of outcomes, there are two broad paths that can open up following a reverse stock split.

A Reverse Stock Split Could Create Opportunities

One potential path creates new opportunities for the company to grow and strengthen financially, but this is usually dependent on taking other measures. For example, if a company is also taking steps to reduce its debt load or improve earnings, then a reverse stock split could yield long-term benefits with regard to pricing.

A Reverse Stock Split Could Result in Losses

On the other hand, a reverse stock split could result in losses to investors if the new price doesn’t stick. If stock prices fall after a reverse stock split, that means an investor’s new combined shares become less valuable. This scenario may be likely if the company isn’t making other efforts to improve its financial situation, or if the efforts they are making fail.

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*Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 45 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.026%. See full terms and conditions.

Should I Sell Before a Stock Split?

There are many factors that go into deciding when to sell a stock. Whether it makes sense to sell before a stock split or after can depend on what other signs the company is giving off with regard to its financial health and how an investor expects it to perform after the split.

Investors who have shares in a company that has a strong track record overall may choose to remain invested. Even though a split may result in a lower share price in the near term, their investments could grow in value if the price continues to climb after the split.

With a reverse stock split, a decision to sell (or not sell) may hinge on why the company is executing the split. If a reverse stock split is being done to raise prices and attract new investors, it’s important to consider what the company’s goals are for doing so.

Taking a look at the company’s finances and comparing things like price to earnings (P/E) ratio, earnings per share (EPS) and other key ratios that may be gleaned by reading the company’s earnings report, can give you a better idea of which direction things may be headed.

The Takeaway

A reverse stock split involves a company reducing the overall number of shares on the market, likely in an effort to boost share prices. A reverse stock split itself shouldn’t have an immediate or outsized impact on an investor — their overall investment value remains the same, even as stocks are consolidated at a higher price. But the reasons behind the reverse stock split are worth investigating, and the split itself has the potential to drive stock prices down.

Stock splits are something investors may encounter from time to time. Understanding what the implications of a forward or reverse stock split are and what they can tell you about a company can help an investor develop a strategy for managing them.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

¹Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $3,000 in the stock of your choice.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

¹Claw Promotion: Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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Is a Savings or Checking Account an Asset?

Are Checking and Savings Accounts Assets?

Checking accounts and savings accounts are typically considered assets, since they have a positive financial value. They represent accessible money that is part of your personal wealth and can be used as you like. Other types of bank accounts, including certificates of deposit (CDs) or money market accounts, are also assets.
Knowing what kind of assets you have, including checking and savings accounts, can make it easier to calculate your net worth. Learn more about how your bank accounts and assets work.

Key Points

•   Checking and savings accounts are considered assets as they represent accessible money that is part of personal wealth.

•   An asset is something owned that has intrinsic value, including bank accounts.

•   Checking accounts are for spending and typically do not earn interest, unlike savings accounts.

•   On a balance sheet, these accounts are listed under “current asset, cash,” reflecting their financial role.

•   Savings accounts are liquid assets, easily accessed and contributing to net worth.

What Is an Asset?

An asset is something you own that has intrinsic value. Examples of assets can include bank accounts, cash, a home or other real estate, vehicles, retirement accounts, and brokerage accounts. In addition, assets can include art, antiques, jewelry, and other objects of value.

Some assets can rise in value over time.

•   For instance, real estate can appreciate or grow in value over time.

•   Similarly, as you earn interest on your savings account, your wealth can increase. Or if you get a bonus at work and deposit it, that too can build your net worth.

Assets may also diminish or lose value over time.

•   For example, if you had $20,000 in your emergency fund but have to withdraw $10,000 for major dental work, that asset has decreased. You still have $10,000 in the account, but that’s less than you previously had in the plus column, financially speaking.

•   Stocks can also lose value due to shifting economic and other forces. So, a stock you paid $100 per share for yesterday might be worth $75 per share tomorrow.

However, as long as your savings account has a positive balance and those stocks have some value, they’re still considered to be an asset.

Assets vs Liabilities

Assets are one part of the equation when you’re calculating net worth. Your net worth is a measure of what you own versus what you owe. To find your net worth, you’d subtract your liabilities or debts from your assets.

•   When your net worth is positive, that means you have more assets than debts. When net worth is zero, it means your assets and liabilities are equal to one another. Effectively, they cancel each other out.

•   Can you have a negative net worth? Certainly, if your debts exceed your assets. For instance, if your only assets are $5,000 in a checking account and $10,000 in a savings account but you owe $40,000 in student loan debt, your net worth would be -$25,000 at this moment in your life.

Keep in mind that it takes time to build wealth. Assets tend to accumulate over time (say, as savings in your retirement account grow), so don’t be discouraged if you are early in your career and in negative net worth territory.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 1/31/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

How Are Assets Categorized?

There are different ways to group assets, depending on the context in which you’re discussing them. You can think of assets in terms of liquidity.

•   Liquid assets are ones that can easily be converted to cash. For instance, if you have $10,000 in your savings account, you could quickly access those funds in a variety of ways (electronic transfer, for instance). If you own 100 shares of stock, you could sell them for cash.

•   Illiquid assets, on the other hand, are ones that can’t easily be sold for cash. Real estate is an example of an illiquid asset, since it can take time to find a buyer and complete the sale. Your grandmother’s diamond engagement ring, which might be sitting in a safe deposit box, is another example. While it has value, it would likely take some time to have it appraised and find the right buyer.

In business and accounting, assets can also be categorized as tangible or intangible.

•   Tangible assets are things that you can physically see and touch. If you own a restaurant, for example, then kitchen equipment is a tangible asset. (If someone were to ask you if you had tangible assets, they might be referring to, say, artwork or jewelry.)

•   Intangible assets include things like trademarks, patents, and copyrights. You might also think of intangible assets as intellectual property, or IP.

In addition, if you are talking about investments, you might group assets into such categories as stocks, bonds, commodities, and other categories.

Recommended: Explaining the Different Types of Asset Classes

Is a Savings Account an Asset?

A savings account is an asset since it has financial value and is something you own, not something you owe money to (which would be what’s known as a liability). That’s true, regardless of whether you have $5 in your savings account or $500,000.

Savings accounts are secure places to keep assets that you can access fairly easily. If you’re saving in a bank that is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC — and most banks are — then your deposits are insured up to $250,000 per depositor, per ownership category, per insured institution. Credit unions typically offer similar coverage via the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).

Depending on where you choose to keep your savings, you could also earn a competitive interest rate (expressed as annual percentage yield, or APY, which reflects the power of compounding interest) on deposits.

Different savings account types include:

•   Basic or standard savings accounts

•   High-yield savings accounts, which can offer as much as several times the interest rate that standard savings accounts deliver

•   Money market accounts, which combine the features of checking and savings accounts

A CD can also be considered a savings account, but it works somewhat differently. Rather than allowing you to dip into savings whenever you like, CDs are term deposits, meaning they have a set maturity date at which you can either withdraw or roll over the funds. Taking money out before the maturity date typically triggers an early withdrawal penalty.

Recommended: How to Switch Banks

Is a Checking Account an Asset?

A checking account is an asset, just like a savings account. The main difference between a checking account and a savings account is how they’re meant to be used.

•   Checking accounts are designed for spending. You can use a checking account to pay bills online, transfer funds to friends and family, or make purchases using a linked debit card. Unlike savings accounts, checking accounts typically don’t earn interest, though some may earn a small amount. But it’s for this reason that you probably don’t want too much cash just sitting in a checking account. Moving some of the funds to a savings account could help your money grow into an even bigger asset.

•   Savings accounts are designed to hold money that you don’t plan to spend right away. You might use a savings account to stockpile your emergency fund or set aside money for an important short-term goal, like buying a new car or paying for a wedding. Because the money typically sits in a savings account for a while, the depositor is rewarded with interest.

You can keep your checking account and savings account at the same bank for convenience. However, if you’re using a brick-and-mortar bank for checking, you might get more bang for your buck by keeping your savings account at an online bank. Online banks typically pay higher rates to savers than traditional banks.

Checking and Savings Accounts on a Balance Sheet

Here’s an overview of how your banking assets can be viewed in a business context. Businesses use a balance sheet to see at a glance how much money is moving in and out. Checking and savings accounts can be included on a balance sheet and are usually listed under “current asset, cash.”

A balance sheet is intended to capture how a business’s assets compare to its liabilities over a specific time period. Businesses can use balance sheets to get an idea of how financially healthy they are. When applying for loans, lenders may ask to see an up-to-date balance sheet, along with a profit and loss statement or cash flow statement.

The Takeaway

Understanding that checking and savings accounts are assets can be an important step in building your financial literacy. What’s more, recognizing that these bank accounts add to your net worth can help you make smarter decisions with your money. One of those decisions centers on where to keep your bank accounts.

If you’re interested in helping the money in your bank accounts grow, then SoFi could be a great fit.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What kind of asset is a savings account?

A savings account is a liquid asset, since you can easily tap into the cash in your account if needed. Savings accounts offer a convenient way to set aside money for emergencies or other goals, while earning some interest in the process. These assets can contribute to your net worth calculations, along with your other assets.

Is your savings account a liability?

A savings account is an asset (meaning it contributes to your net worth and personal wealth), not a liability, which is an obligation to pay another party. The only way that a savings account could become a liability is if you were to overdraw your account. In that case, you would need to make a deposit to bring your account balance to or above zero.

Is a savings account an asset or equity?

Savings accounts are assets since you own the money in them outright. (Also, if you’re wondering, a checking account is an asset, too.) Equity is a term you’ll hear when talking about investing. For example, when you buy a share of stock you’re getting equity, or an ownership stake, in the company.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



photocredit: iStock/andresr
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What Is FICO Score vs. Experian?

You may have heard of both FICO® and Experian, but the two companies serve different purposes.

FICO is a credit scoring model developed by the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) that lenders often use when assessing a borrower’s creditworthiness, or how likely they are to repay debts.

Experian, on the other hand, is one of the three major credit bureaus (along with Equifax and TransUnion) that collects credit and debt information and uses it to create individual credit reports. These credit reports offer more details about an individual’s credit history than FICO’s three-digit score.

Let’s take a closer look at what separates FICO vs. Experian, which credit score is the most accurate, and how to keep tabs on your credit score.

Key Points

•   FICO is a credit scoring model, while Experian is a credit bureau.

•   Experian provides credit scores using both FICO and VantageScore models.

•   Lenders often use FICO Scores to assess creditworthiness.

•   Scores from different models may vary slightly.

•   Good financial habits, like timely payments and low credit utilization, can improve credit scores.

What Is the Difference Between Experian Score vs. FICO?

As we mentioned, Experian is a major credit reporting agency. It does not have its own credit scoring model. However, in 2006, it partnered with Equifax and TransUnion to create the VantageScore credit score model. Like FICO, VantageScore provides three-digit credit scores for consumers, though it uses slightly different factors and weightings.

The credit score Experian provides — sometimes called an “Experian score” — relies on both VantageScore and FICO Score.

FICO works differently. As a credit scoring model, it uses a proprietary algorithm to evaluate your credit risk. Specifically, the following factors affect your credit score:

•   Your payment history

•   The amounts you owe

•   The length of your credit history

•   How much new credit you have

•   The diversity of your credit mix

While FICO is used in the majority of lending decisions, some lenders use VantageScore.

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Which Credit Report Is Most Accurate?

It’s common to have multiple credit reports, including ones with Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. It’s also common to have minor differences in your credit file from bureau to bureau. That’s because lenders don’t always report the same information at the same time to every bureau. But rest assured, credit reports from all three credit bureaus are widely considered to be accurate.

That said, it’s a good idea to regularly review your credit report. You can access yours for free via AnnualCreditReport.com or through tools like a money tracker app.

If you find any errors or inconsistencies in your credit report, be sure to dispute them with the relevant credit bureau so the incorrect information can be removed.

Why Is My Experian Credit Score Different From FICO?

You may notice that your so-called Experian score is slightly different from your FICO Score. That’s because both scores are based on different scoring models. FICO uses its own algorithm, while Experian’s score uses both FICO and VantageScore.

While some variations are to be expected, if one score is drastically higher or lower than the other, it’s a good idea to review your credit reports and address inaccuracies.

Is Experian Better Than FICO?

No credit score is better than another. Some lenders prefer FICO, white others rely on VantageScore. Each model can provide lenders with different insights about a person’s financial habits.

The good news is that FICO and VantageScore generally calculate their scores with similar information, which means you can improve both scores simultaneously. Smart strategies include paying bills on time, keeping credit utilization low, and paying down balances.

Recommended: How Long Does It Take to Build Credit?

Is a FICO Score the Same as a Credit Score?

When comparing a FICO Score vs. a credit score, it’s important to understand that a FICO Score is a type of credit score. But of course, it’s not the only type of credit score.

VantageScore, for example, issues credit score models such as VantageScore 4.0 and VantageScore 4plus™. Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion also provide credit scores based on data in your credit report.

What Is My Real Credit Score?

There is no one true credit score. Instead, banks, lenders, and other companies may use different credit scores when they check your credit. And they could see different figures, depending on which credit score they use.

Fortunately it’s relatively straightforward to check your credit score without paying. That way, you can get an idea of what your credit score is and what lenders might see when they check your credit.

What Score Do Lenders Use?

Lenders can and do consider a variety of credit scores, depending on which scoring model works the best for their specific lending criteria. Unfortunately, it’s often difficult or even impossible to know which model a particular lender uses. However, the factors that impact your credit score generally hold true regardless of the credit score model used.

Understanding Various Credit Score Models

While most credit score models start with some of the same basic data, each one uses different information and weighs credit history information differently. This can mean that the different credit score models, such as FICO and VantageScore, come up with different credit scores, even for the same consumer.

Recommended: What Is the Starting Credit Score?

How Can You Check Your Credit Score?

Keep in mind that your credit score updates every 30 to 45 days, as new information comes rolling in from lenders. If you’re working on boosting your three-digit number, you may want to check on your progress every so often.

There are a few different ways that you can keep tabs on your credit score. You can sign up for a credit score monitoring service, which can provide regular credit score updates.

Another way is by using a spending app or credit card that provides access to your credit score as a feature or benefit. You may also have free access to it through your bank.

The Takeaway

FICO and Experian may be common names, but that’s where the similarities end. FICO is a widely used credit scoring model that creates a three-digit score based on reports provided by credit bureaus, including Experian. In addition to creating those detailed credit reports, Experian generates a credit score using data from FICO and another scoring model, VantageScore. Lenders may use both VantageScore and FICO when determining an individual’s creditworthiness.

Credit scoring models usually rely on a similar set of information, which means you can take the same actions to boost both scores. Making on-time payments, paying down what you owe, and diversifying your credit mix are all ways to help build up your credit score.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Is Experian or FICO more reliable?

Your VantageScore and your FICO Score are two different credit scores that use two different credit models. Both are considered to be reliable. But lenders may prefer to use one model over the other, depending on which one best fits their needs.

Why is my FICO Score different on Experian?

Though it does not have its own credit scoring model, Experian generates a score using data from VantageScore and FICO. FICO, on the other hand, creates its score using only its own calculations.

How close is your FICO Score to your credit score?

People have multiple credit scores. Your FICO Score is just one of them. Most credit scores use a similar set of data, which means credit scores usually vary by only a few points. If you spot a large discrepancy between your scores, take a look at your credit report and dispute any errors or inaccuracies you see.

Which credit score is most accurate?

No one credit score is considered more accurate than the others. Rather, different credit scores may provide lenders with different insights on spending or borrowing habits.

What is a good FICO Score?

FICO Scores are generally divided into five different categories, from Poor to Exceptional. A “good” FICO Score falls between 670 and 739. Having a FICO Score that is Very Good (740 to 799) or Exceptional (800 to 850) is even better.

Why is my FICO Score higher than my credit score?

Your FICO Score is just one of many credit scores that you may have. It may be higher or lower than other credit scores depending on the calculations used, including how the information in your credit report was weighed. As long as your various scores are within a few points of each other, there is usually no cause for alarm.


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SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Are the Tax Brackets for 2025 Married Filing Jointly?

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses seven different tax brackets to determine how much you owe when married filing jointly or any other status. In the U.S., taxpayers are subject to a progressive tax system which means that as your income increases, so does your tax rate. Tax brackets determine which tax rate is assigned to each layer of income you have.

The IRS takes your filing status into account when establishing tax brackets, which is important for couples to know. What are the 2024 tax brackets for married filing jointly? Here’s what you need to know.

Key Points

•   The 2024-2025 tax brackets for married couples filing jointly include seven rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%.

•   The 10% tax rate applies to income up to $23,200, while income over $731,200 is assessed at the tax rate of 37% for married couples filing jointly.

•   These rates apply to the amount of income that enters the higher bracket, so a couple making $23,201 in 2024 would pay 10% on $23,200, and 12% on the additional dollar of income.

•   The seven tax rate categories have not changed between tax year 2024 and 2025, but the amount of income within the brackets has.

•   Understanding tax brackets for married couples filing jointly is important to filing your taxes accurately and paying the appropriate amount.

2024 Tax Brackets

If you’re wondering what tax bracket you’re in, that’s a good question to ask, especially if you’re filing taxes for the first time or your filing status has changed because you’ve gotten married.

Married filing jointly 2024 tax brackets correspond to seven federal income tax rates: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%. Income ranges used for 2024 tax brackets apply to returns filed in 2025.

What are the tax brackets for 2024 married filing jointly? The table below breaks it down.

2024 Tax Brackets

To find out what tax bracket you are in, check the following table. It illustrates 2024 federal tax brackets and tax rates, based on your filing status.

2024 Married Filing Jointly Tax Brackets

Tax Rate Single Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow(er) Married Filing Separately Head of Household
10% $0 to $11,600 $0 to $23,200 $0 to $11,600 $0 to $16,550
12% $11,601 to $47,150 $23,201 to $94,300 $11,601 to $47,150 $16,550 to $63,100
22% $47,151 to $100,525 $94,301 to $201,050 $47,151 to $100,525 $63,100 to $100,500
24% $100,526 to $191,950 $201,051 to $383,900 $100,526 to $191,950 $100,500 to $191,950
32% $191,951 to $243,725 $383,901 to $487,450 $191,951 to $243,725 $191,950 to $243,700
35% $243,726 to $609,350 $487,451 to $731,200 $243,726 to $365,600 $243,700 to $609,350
37% $609,351 or more $731,201 or more $365,601 or more $609,351 or more

Recommended: How Much Do You Have to Make to File Taxes?

2025 Tax Brackets

While tax rates are the same for 2024 and 2025, the income ranges for each tax bracket are higher. Here’s a look at how 2025 tax brackets compare to 2024 tax brackets for married jointly filing and all other filing statuses. This information can be helpful as you track your finances.

2025 Tax Brackets

Tax Rate Single Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow(er) Married Filing Separately Head of Household
10% $0 to $11,925 $0 to $23,850 $0 to $11,925 $0 to $17,000
12% $11,926 to $48,475 $23,851 to $96,950 $11,926 to $48,475 $17,001 to $64,850
22% $48,476 to $103,350 $96,951 to $206,700 $48,476 to $103,350 $64,851 to $103,350
24% $103,351 to $197,300 $206,701 to $394,600 $103,351 to $197,300 $103,351 to $197,300
32% $197,301 to $250,525 $394,601 to $501,050 $197,301 to $250,525 $197,301 to $250,500
35% $250,526 to $626,350 $501,051 to $751,600 $250,526 to $375,800 $250,501 to $626,350
37% $626,351 or more $751,601 or more $375,801 or more $626,351 or more

How Federal Tax Brackets and Tax Rates Work

In the U.S., the tax code operates on a progressive system that takes into account your income and filing status to determine how much tax you’ll owe. In a progressive system, the highest-income earners are subject to the highest tax rates. This is based on a concept called ability to pay, which reasons that if you earn more, you can afford to pay more in taxes.

Federal tax brackets assign a tax rate to individual income ranges. There are seven tax rates and seven corresponding income ranges. Tax rates, which run from 10% to 37%, are the same for the 2024 and 2025 tax years and apply to these individual income tax filing statuses:

•  Single

•  Married filing jointly

•  Married filing separately

•  Head of household

•  Qualifying widow(er)

Tax rates may be the same from year to year, but income ranges can change. For instance, the tax brackets for 2023 married jointly filing are different from the tax brackets for 2024 married jointly.

If you look at the income ranges, you’ll see that they’re largely the same for most filing statuses. The exception is married couples filing jointly. Couples have higher income ranges since it’s assumed that both parties earn income.

Curious about what are the tax brackets for 2024 married filing jointly at the state level? It depends on where you live and file state income taxes.

Forty-three states and the District of Columbia assess an income tax. Fourteen states use a flat tax rate that applies to all income levels, while the remaining 27 use graduated tax rates assigned to different tax brackets.

Keep in mind that there are different types of taxes. Tax brackets and tax rates for individuals are not the same as tax rates for corporations.

Recommended: Credit Monitoring Tools

What Is a Marginal Tax Rate?

A marginal tax rate is the tax rate you pay on the highest dollar of taxable income you have. Your marginal tax rate doesn’t apply to all your income; just to the last dollar earned.

For example, say that you take a new job with a higher salary and move from the 22% to the 24% marginal tax rate. That doesn’t mean that your entire salary is now taxed at the 24% rate. Only the amount that goes over the income threshold into the 24% bracket would be assessed at that rate.

Marginal tax rates apply to all your taxable income for the year. Taxable income is any income you receive that isn’t legally exempt from tax, including:

•  Wages (pay that’s typically based on the hours worked)

•  Salaries (pay that’s typically a fixed amount that’s paid regularly)

•  Tips

•  Business income

•  Royalties

•  Fringe benefits

•  Self-employment earnings

•  Side hustle or gig work earnings

•  Interest on savings accounts

•  Profits from the sale of virtual currencies

You’ll also pay taxes on investment property if you own a rental unit. It’s important to accurately report to the IRS all income you and your spouse have for the year to avoid issues.

Underreporting and misrepresenting income are some of the biggest tax filing mistakes people make.

What Is an Effective Tax Rate?

Your effective tax rate is your average tax rate based on how your income is taxed in different brackets. It’s common for your effective tax rate to be lower than your marginal tax rate.

If you and your spouse file jointly with $250,000 in income (meaning you each earn more than the average salary in the U.S.), your marginal tax rate would be 24%. But your effective tax rate would be 14.58%. That assumes that you claim the standard deduction.

Standard deductions are amounts you can subtract from your taxable income. The standard deduction amount for married filing jointly in 2024 is $29,200.

Recommended: Online Budget Planner

How to Reduce Taxes Owed

Reducing your tax liability as a couple starts with understanding what kind of tax breaks you might qualify for. It can also involve some strategizing regarding your income.

•  Claim credits. Tax credits reduce your taxes owed on a dollar-for-dollar basis. So if you owe $500 in taxes you could use a $500 tax credit to reduce that to $0. Some of the most common tax credits for couples include the Child Tax Credit (CTC), the Child and Dependent Care Credit, and the Retirement Savers’ Credit.

•  Consider itemizing. Couples can claim the standard deduction, but you might itemize if you have significant deductible expenses. Some of the expenses you might deduct include mortgage interest if you own a home, student loan interest, and charitable contributions.

•  Open a spousal IRA. Individual retirement accounts (IRAs) let you save money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. Contributions to traditional IRAs are tax-deductible for most people. If you’re married but only one of you works, you could open a spousal IRA and make deductible contributions to it on behalf of your nonworking spouse.

•  Contribute to other retirement accounts. If you both work, you can still fund traditional IRAs for a tax deduction, or sock money into your 401(k) plans at work. Contributions to a 401(k) can reduce your taxable income for the year, which could help you owe less in taxes.

•  Check your withholding. Your withholding is the amount of money you tell your employer to hold back for taxes. Getting a refund can feel like a nice windfall, but that just means you’ve loaned the government your money for a year interest-free. You can adjust your withholding to pay the right amount of tax instead.

You may also defer year-end bonuses or other compensation until the beginning of the new year so you have less taxable income to report. As you start preparing for tax season, consider talking to a financial advisor or tax pro about the best strategies to minimize your taxes owed.

The Takeaway

Knowing how tax brackets work (and which one you’re in as a married couple filing jointly) can help you get your tax return completed accurately with fewer headaches. It also helps to keep a record of your deductible expenses throughout the year if you plan to itemize when you file. That’s something a money tracker can help with.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance

FAQ

What is the standard deduction for married filing jointly in 2024?

The standard deduction for married couples filing jointly is $29,200 for the 2024 tax year. That amount increases to $30,000 for the 2025 tax year.

What are the federal tax brackets for married couples?

The federal tax brackets for married couples filing joint returns assign seven tax rates ranging from 10% to 37%. For tax year 2024, the lowest tax rate applies to the first $23,200 in income while the highest tax rate applies to income above $731,200.

Will tax refunds be bigger for 2024?

As of March 2025, the average tax refund for the 2024 tax year was 32% lower. Taxpayers collected a refund of $2,169 on average, compared to $3,207 for the previous year.

What is the tax offset for 2024?

Tax offsets occur when the federal government holds back part or all of your tax refund to satisfy a delinquent debt. Tax offsets can happen if you owe federal income taxes or federal student loan debts.

How will tax brackets change for 2024?

The 2024 tax brackets are subject to the same tax rates that applied in 2023 and will apply in 2025; the difference is the range of incomes subject to each tax rate. The IRS periodically adjusts tax brackets as well as standard deduction limits to account for inflation.

At what age is social security no longer taxed?

There is no minimum or maximum age at which Social Security benefits cannot be taxed. Whether you must pay tax on Social Security benefits depends on whether you have other taxable income to report for the year.


photo credit: PonyWang
SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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