8 Medical School Loan Forgiveness Programs for Doctors

Doctors have the potential to earn a good salary after graduating medical school and completing their residency — the average primary care physician in the U.S. earns about $260,000, according to a 2022 report by Medscape. But they also typically end up owing hundreds of thousands dollars in student loan debt.

Getting the education and training required to practice medicine in the U.S. is a long and expensive endeavor. Fortunately, there are forgiveness programs and repayment options that can help. Read on to learn about eight medical school loan forgiveness programs that doctors can use to relieve their student debt burden, plus other methods that could make it easier to manage student loan payments.

Key Points

•   There are a number of programs that offer medical school loan forgiveness for doctors, including federal and state initiatives.

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness requires 120 payments and full-time work for a qualifying employer.

•   The National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program can erase up to $75,000 in medical student debt for a two-year commitment.

•   State-based initiatives aim to attract health care professionals to underserved areas with specific eligibility criteria.

•   Other options for managing medical school loan debt include income-driven repayment plans, federal loan consolidation, employer repayment programs, and student loan refinancing.

Physician Student Loan Forgiveness

According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the average medical school debt in 2024 was more than $200,000. Add the cost of interest, and some doctors can end up paying $400,000 or more over the life of their loans.

If you are dealing with medical school loans, here are some of the student loan forgiveness programs that might help you pay down — or even erase — your debt.

1. Public Service Loan Forgiveness

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program was created by the Department of Education to encourage college graduates, including doctors, to consider public service careers.

Doctors who make 120 qualifying student loan payments while working full-time for a qualifying government, nonprofit, or public health employer, may be eligible to have their remaining federal loan balance erased through the PSLF program. The amount that’s forgiven is not subject to federal taxes.

Participants in the PSLF program must meet several requirements. Only Federal Direct Loans are eligible. (Federal Family Education Loans, Parent Plus loans, and Perkins loans must be consolidated to a Direct Consolidation Loan to qualify.) And you must be on a qualifying repayment plan, such as an income-driven repayment plan.

You can get more information about PSLF at the Federal Student Aid website. While you’re there, you can also use the loan simulator to get a personalized projection to help determine if PSLF makes sense for you based on your financial and career goals.

2. National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program

The National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program (NHSC LRP) offers doctors and other eligible health care providers an opportunity to have their qualifying federal or private student loans repaid while also earning a competitive salary in exchange for serving in communities with limited access to care.

Award amounts may vary based on the health care field you’re in. For instance, primary care providers who make a two-year full-time commitment to working at an NHSC-approved site can erase up to $75,000 in student debt. And those who serve half-time for two years may be able to cancel up to $35,000 in student loans. (If you pass a Spanish-language competency assessment, you may be eligible for an additional amount.) These awards are not subject to income tax.

Find out more about NHSC LRP program requirements to see if you qualify.

3. National Health Service Corps Students to Service Loan Repayment Program

The National Health Service Corps Students to Service Loan Repayment Program (NHSC S2S LRP) offers eligible fourth-year medical students an opportunity to receive up to $120,000 (in $30,000 installments) in tax-free student loan repayment funds to put toward qualifying federal or private student loans.

To enter the program, participants must commit to working full- or half-time at an NHSC-approved site in an underserved area for at least three years. After the initial three-year contract is completed, you may be eligible for a service extension.

Learn more information about NHSC S2S eligibility and how to apply.

4. Military Health Professionals Student Loan Repayment Programs

Several branches of the U.S. military offer medical school loan repayment programs to doctors who serve in the military. Benefits may be used to repay qualifying federal or private student loans. Eligibility requirements and benefit amounts may vary, so contact your service branch (Army, Navy, National Guard, and so on) for details and specific information.

5. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Specialty Education Loan Repayment Program

The VA’s loan repayment program is for recent graduates of accredited medical or osteopathic schools who are currently in a residency that’s been identified as experiencing a shortage. Eligible specialties include psychiatry, family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, gastroenterology, urology, and geriatric medicine. (Other specialties may be considered on an individual basis.)

The loan repayment amount is $40,000 per year for qualifying federal and private student loans, with a lifetime maximum of $160,000. In exchange, recipients agree to serve in a clinical practice at a VA facility for a minimum of two years.

6. National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Programs

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Loan Repayment Programs were established by Congress to recruit and retain highly qualified health professionals in biomedical or biobehavioral research careers.

These NIH programs are for medical professionals in a variety of fields, including pediatric research, health disparities research, and clinical research. Payments may be up to $50,000 annually and can be applied to qualifying federal or private educational debt.

7. Indian Health Service Loan Repayment Program

This program allows Indian Health Service (IHS) clinicians to repay up to $50,000 of their eligible health profession education loans in exchange for a two-year service commitment to practice in health facilities serving American Indian and Alaska Native communities. After their initial commitment is completed, participants can apply to extend their contract annually until their qualified federal or private student loans are repaid.

Interested physicians can applyy online.

8. State Medical Student Loan Forgiveness Programs

A number of states offer student loan repayment options to physicians and other health care professionals. Use the Association of American Medical Colleges’ searchable database to find any med school loan forgiveness and repayment opportunities in your state.

In addition, the National Health Service Corps provides grants to all 50 states and the U.S. territories through its State Loan Repayment Program. These grants allow individual states to offer their own repayment programs with a goal of incentivizing health care providers to work at their facilities. You can find out more about the available programs, eligibility requirements, and practice sites to see if one is near you.

Other Strategies to Repay Medical School Debt

If you aren’t eligible for a medical student loan forgiveness program, or you can’t find one that’s a good fit for your situation, there are other methods for managing loan payments that you may want to consider.

Here are some repayment options to explore.

Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) Plans

With a federal IDR plan, your monthly federal student loan payments are based on your discretionary income and the size of your family. So, for instance, while you’re earning a medical resident’s salary, an IDR plan could make your payments more affordable.

Under an IDR plan, you must recertify your income every year. That means if your income increases as you advance in your career, your payments may go up. However, your monthly payments will never be more than they would be under the federal 10-year Standard Repayment Plan.

You also may qualify for federal loan forgiveness with an IDR plan. If you reach the end of your payment term (which is generally 20 or 25 years), and you still have a balance, the government will forgive the remaining amount due. You won’t owe federal income taxes on the forgiven amount.

Federal Loan Consolidation

With a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan, borrowers who have federal loans from their undergraduate and medical school degrees can combine them into one loan. The interest rate of the consolidation loan is based on the weighted average of your current loan rates, so you may not save any money, but if you choose a longer loan term, you can lower your monthly payments (though you may pay more interest overall). Consolidating your federal loans may also give you access to additional federal repayment options like income-driven repayment.

There are pros and cons to student loan consolidation to consider, depending on your overall payment strategy. Be sure to compare the costs and benefits.

Employer Repayment Programs

Many employers, including health care facilities, offer student loan repayment assistance as a tool for recruiting and retention. If your employer offers an educational assistance program (EAP), you may be able to receive tax-free contributions to help pay the principal and interest on qualified federal and private student loans. You can get up to $5,250 in tax-free EAP benefits each year. (Any assistance provided above that threshold will be taxable as wages.)

Student Loan Refinancing

If you have private student loans, or you have federal loans and you aren’t pursuing federal benefits such as forgiveness, refinancing your student loans with a private loan is another alternative you might want to consider.

Student loan refinancing is offered by private lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and online lenders. The lender pays off your existing student loan balances and gives you a new private loan that ideally has a lower interest rate and more favorable terms. (It’s important to note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and other federal benefits.)

If you decide to refinance only some of your loans — such as your private loans — it may make sense for your situation, especially if refinancing student loans could save you money.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you see what your monthly payments might be.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinancing Guide

The Takeaway

The average doctor typically owes hundreds of thousands of dollars in student loan debt, and paying it off can be a challenge long after they graduate, complete their residency, and begin practicing medicine.

That’s why student loan repayment and forgiveness programs for doctors can be so helpful. Physicians who are willing to work for a nonprofit organization, pursue a career in public service, or commit to practicing in an underserved area may be able to get their student loans forgiven.

For those doctors who don’t qualify for forgiveness, there are repayment options that may reduce or make it easier to manage monthly student loan payments. These include income-driven repayment, federal loan consolidation, and student loan refinancing. Thoroughly researching all the available options can help doctors choose the best method for tackling their student loan debt.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


Photo credit: iStock/andresr

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Negotiate Student Loan Payoff

Paying off student loans can feel overwhelming, but with the right strategies, you may be able to negotiate a more manageable solution. Whether you’re struggling with payments or looking to settle your loan for less than the total amount owed, understanding the negotiation process can open up options you didn’t know were available.

Let’s look at how the student loan payoff process works. We’ll explore when negotiation might be a viable option, how to approach lenders, and tips for reaching a favorable agreement.

Key Points

•   Before negotiating a student loan payoff, evaluate your income, expenses, and overall financial health to determine how much you can realistically offer toward a student loan payoff.

•   Federal and private student loans have different rules for negotiation. Federal loans rarely offer settlements, while private lenders may be more open to negotiating reduced balances.

•   For defaulted loans, lenders may accept lump-sum payments or reduced balances to settle the debt, especially if recovery seems uncertain.

•   Ensure any negotiated terms are confirmed in writing to protect yourself and avoid misunderstandings regarding the settlement or adjusted repayment plan.

•   Another option for a student loan payoff is student loan refinancing, which could lower your interest rate and possibly your monthly payment. Just keep in mind that by refinancing federal loans with a private lender, you’ll lose access to federal benefits and protections.

What Student Loan Settlement Is

Student loan settlement refers to an agreement between the borrower and lender where the borrower pays a lump-sum amount that is less than the total balance owed to settle the debt. This option is generally available for borrowers who are in default or facing severe financial hardship.

You’ll go into default after a certain number of days, depending on your loan type (270 days for some federal loans; Perkins loans go into default immediately).

Defaulting on student loans can lead to several negative consequences, including:

•   Your entire unpaid loan balance becomes immediately due (called acceleration)

•   Tax refunds and federal benefit payments may be withheld to go toward your defaulted loan(s)

•   Garnished wages (your employer must withhold a portion of your pay to send to your loan holder)

•   No deferment or forbearance options available to you (more on these later)

•   Losing eligibility for other federal student loan benefits, including the ability to choose repayment plans

•   Losing eligibility for additional federal student aid

•   Damaging credit

•   Your loan holder taking you to court, which could result in court costs and collection and attorney’s fees

•   Withheld official college transcripts

How Student Loan Settlement Works

Settling loans can reduce what you owe and eliminate future repayment obligations. Here’s how it works in a nutshell:

1.    You negotiate with your loan servicer or a collections agency and offer to make a lump-sum payment.

2.    The loan servicer or collections agency agrees to the terms.

3.    You pay an amount lower than what you owe in outstanding loans, collection fees, and interest charges.

4.    The servicer or agency marks the debt as settled, and your loan obligation is satisfied.

5.    The default status comes off your credit report (but note that the settlement can still affect your credit).

How to Be Eligible for Student Loan Settlement

You can only qualify for a student loan payoff if your federal student loans are in default. If you have loans in good standing, you can’t qualify for a settlement request. It’s also important to note that federal student loan settlements are rare, because it’s difficult to get rid of student loans even if you go bankrupt.

You might also be able to negotiate a settlement with private student loans if you’re in default (which usually means you’re 120 days late on payments). Check with your lender for a definition of default on your particular private student loans.

Private student loan lenders cannot pursue the money owed them in the same way that federal loan servicers can, so they may be more likely to settle the loan(s).

Recommended: How to Get Student Loans Out of Default

Steps to Negotiating Student Loan Payoff

Can you negotiate student loan payoff? In other words, can you settle student loans?

Absolutely! Read on to learn the steps on how to settle student loan debt.

Step 1: Gather Your Documents

You must show that you can’t repay your student loans, which may include gathering the following:

•   Health records, such as your mental or physical illness diagnosis that makes it difficult for you to hold a job

•   Pay information, such as pay stubs, W-2 forms, and tax returns

•   Financial records, including information about a potential inheritance that could help pay your debts

•   Credit reports

Step 2: Contact the Agency and Negotiate Settlement Terms

Your loans typically go into collections after you go into default. You can call or email the collections agency, lender, or loan servicer and tell them you want to settle the debt by paying a portion of the total amount you owe. Describe the challenges you’re facing, such as financial challenges or medical problems.

Federal student loans often offer four settlement options:

•   Principal and interest: You only pay the outstanding principal and interest.

•   Principal and 50% interest: You pay the outstanding principal and 50% of interest, with collection costs waived.

•   90% principal and interest: You pay 90% of the outstanding principal and interest charges, with collection costs waived.

•   Discretionary compromise: You pay less than what you would owe under the other three standard options.

You may be able to settle private student loans for 40% to 70% of the amount you owe. Check with your lender or collection agency for more information.

Step 3: Review and Make Your Payment

You’ll receive a letter about your settlement terms. The letter will outline the amount you have to pay and the deadline. After you receive the letter, make your lump sum payment.

Note that if you don’t pay by the deadline, the agreement will be canceled and you’ll owe the total outstanding amount, interest, and fees. Keep track of all paperwork involved in the settlement.

Alternatives to Student Loan Settlement

Instead of opting for a loan settlement, consider repaying your loans in full. Repaying them in full may prevent you from having to go through loan repayment that could drag on for years. If you can’t repay them in full, consider deferment or forbearance, income-driven repayment plans, or student loan refinancing, which we’ll outline below.

Deferment or Forbearance

A student loan deferment or forbearance might be a good alternative to settlement. Here’s the definition of each:

•   Loan deferment: You temporarily stop making payments.

•   Loan forbearance: You stop making payments or reduce your monthly payments for up to 12 months.

It’s important to note that both are temporary situations and that you can accrue interest while your loan is in either forbearance or deferment.

Income-Driven Repayment Plan

An income-driven repayment (IDR) plan bases your monthly payments on your income and family size.

There is currently one income-driven repayment plan open to everyone: Income-Based Repayment (IBR). With this plan, borrowers typically pay 10-15% of their discretionary income, with payments adjusted annually. IBR plans offer loan forgiveness after 20-25 years of qualifying payments, depending on when the loans were issued. It’s a helpful option for those with high student loan debt compared to their income, ensuring payments remain affordable.

Note that there are two other income-driven repayment plans available — Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR). However, you must currently be enrolled in the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) plan in order to apply.

Student Loan Refinancing

You may also consider refinancing your student loans instead of negotiating student loan debt. Student loan refinancing means a private lender pays off your existing federal or private student loan(s). A private lender might be a bank, online lender, or another type of financial institution. It’s worth shopping around for a private lender that offers a better:

•   Term

•   Interest rate

•   Monthly payment

Refinancing does have some downsides. You’ll lose access to federal repayment plans (such as the standard, graduated, and extended repayment plans, and income-driven plans) and Public Service Loan Forgiveness, and you’re no longer eligible for federal repayment protections or grace periods (where student loan payments haven’t yet started).

Also, it may not be possible to refinance student loans that are already in default. However, borrowers can rehabilitate or consolidate defaulted federal loans to regain eligibility for refinancing. Private loans in default may require negotiation with the lender before refinancing becomes an option.

Recommended: Does Refinancing Student Loans Save Money?

The Takeaway

If you’re wondering if you can negotiate a student loan payoff, the answer is yes, but it’s often difficult to get approved. Therefore, it’s important to consider all your options, including paying off your entire existing loan balance, refinancing, or another option listed above.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQs

What are the benefits of student loan settlement?

The biggest benefit of student loan settlement is that you pay an amount lower than what you owe in loans, fees, and interest charges. Once you follow the settlement terms, your loan is settled and your obligation to pay the loan “goes away.” The default also gets removed from your credit report.

What are the downsides of student loan settlement?

The largest downside of student loan settlement is simply that they don’t happen that often. Federal loans are extremely difficult to discharge, even in bankruptcy. Student loan settlement can harm your credit score, as settled debts are reported as less than fully paid. Additionally, forgiven amounts may be considered taxable income, increasing your tax liability.

Will settling student loans hurt your credit score?

Yes, settling student loans can hurt your credit score. When a loan is settled for less than the full amount, it’s reported as “settled” rather than “paid in full,” indicating you didn’t meet your original repayment terms. This can negatively impact your credit history and future borrowing potential.


Photo credit: iStock/Jacob Wackerhausen

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Can I Retire at 62?

Can You Retire at 62? Should You Retire at 62?

For many, age 62 is an appealing time to step away from the workforce. You’re old enough to start claiming Social Security benefits, yet still young enough to enjoy pursuing hobbies, travel, and spending time with family. But deciding to retire at 62 is a complicated choice that requires looking carefully at your financial situation, health care needs, and lifestyle goals. Below are some guidelines that help you decide whether you can (or should) retire at 62, plus a look at the pros and cons of retiring on the early side.

Key Points

•   Retiring at 62 requires assessing your savings and investments to ensure they can support a long retirement.

•   Claiming Social Security early can permanently reduce monthly benefits by up to 30%.

•   If you retire at 62, you’ll need to determine how to cover your health care costs until Medicare eligibility at 65.

•   Experts often recommend having eight to 10 times your annual income saved before retiring.

•   Working longer or taking on part-time work can help protect your savings and boost your Social Security benefits.

Factors to Consider Before Retiring at 62

If you’re thinking about retiring at 62, you’ll want to explore how it will impact your Social Security benefits, health care costs, living expenses, and lifestyle. Let’s look at each factor in more detail.

Social Security

At 62, you’re eligible to start claiming Social Security benefits, but doing so comes with a caveat. Opting for early benefits reduces your monthly payments compared to waiting until your full retirement age, which is between 66 and 67, depending on your birth year. Claiming benefits at age 62 can permanently reduce your monthly payments by up to 30%, which can significantly impact your long-term financial security.

You can check your Social Security account to see how much you’ll get when you apply at different times between age 62 and 70. If you don’t already have an account, you can create one at Login.gov.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with a traditional IRA. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

Health Care

Health care is a major consideration for anyone looking to retire at 62. Medicare eligibility starts at 65, leaving a potential three-year gap in coverage. That means you’ll need to secure health insurance, which can be costly. Options include purchasing private insurance, relying on a spouse’s employer-sponsored plan, or exploring coverage through the Affordable Care Act marketplace. Evaluating your health care needs and the associated costs is crucial before deciding to retire early.

Expenses

To determine if you can retire at 62, you’ll need to understand your post-retirement expenses, so that you can identify how much you may need in retirement savings. While some costs may decrease, such as commuting or work-related expenses, others may increase, like travel, hobbies, and medical care. Creating a detailed budget can help you estimate your monthly expenses and determine if your savings and income streams will be sufficient to cover them. When projecting your annual expenses, keep in mind that many expenses will go up over time due to inflation.

Recommended: How Much Do You Need to Retire? 3 Rules of Thumb to Consider

Lifestyle Change

Retiring at 62 isn’t just a financial decision; it’s a lifestyle shift. Leaving the workforce means more time for hobbies, travel, and family, but it can also mean a loss of routine, purpose, and regular social interaction. Many retirees struggle with the psychological transition and find themselves missing the structure and camaraderie of the workplace. It’s wise to think about how you’ll fill your days and stay engaged without your old routine. You’ll also want to make sure that your financial resources will support your desired post-retirement lifestyle.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1


1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Are You Financially Ready to Retire at 62?

To figure out if you can retire at 61, you’ll need to assess your assets and how far they will take you. Here’s how.

Savings and Investments

The earlier you retire, the longer your nest egg needs to last. Do you have enough money set aside in savings and investments to support your desired lifestyle for 30-plus years? As a general rule of thumb, experts recommend having eight to 10 times your annual income saved by the time you retire. For example, if you earn $60,000 annually, you should have $480,000 to $600,000 saved. If you’re looking to retire at 62, it can be wise to shoot for the higher end of that range or even beyond that. This can help make up for fewer earning years and (likely) more years to spend your savings.

If your savings aren’t quite where you’d like them to be, there are ways to catch up, such as working a bit longer or adjusting your investment strategy.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Retirement Withdrawals

Understanding how much you can withdraw from your retirement savings each year is crucial to avoid outliving your money. One guideline to consider is the 4% withdrawal rule. This rule suggests withdrawing 4% of your retirement investments (such as a 401k or an online Roth IRA) annually, adjusting that percentage each year for inflation, to fund a 30-year retirement.

As an example, let’s say you want to retire at 62 with $500,000 saved. If you follow the 4% rule, you’d only be able to withdraw $20,000 your first year in retirement, or just under $1,700 per month. That could constrain your lifestyle, though it doesn’t include what you may get from Social Security.

When calculating your annual retirement withdrawals, keep in mind that the 4% rule isn’t foolproof, especially during market downturns. You may need to adjust withdrawals based on your expenses and the performance of your investments.

Pros and Cons of Retiring at 62

To decide if you should retire at 62, it’s a good idea to weigh both the advantages and disadvantages of early retirement. Here’s how they stack up.

Benefits of Retiring at 62

•   More time for personal goals: Retiring early gives you extra time to pursue passions, hobbies, or travel while you’re still relatively young.

•   Less work-related stress: Exiting the workforce can alleviate stress and allow you to focus on your well-being.

•   Family time: Retiring early lets you spend more quality time with loved ones, which might include helping with grandchildren or caregiving for aging parents.

•   Opportunities for a second act: Early retirement can free up time to start a small business, volunteer, or explore a new career on your terms.

Drawbacks of Retiring at 62

•   Reduced Social Security benefits: Claiming Social Security at 62 permanently reduces your monthly benefits.

•   Health care costs: Without Medicare coverage, health insurance expenses can take a significant bite out of your savings.

•   Longevity risk: Retiring early increases the risk of outliving your savings, particularly if you live well into your 80s or 90s.

•   Missed earnings: Leaving the workforce early means missing out on additional income, savings, and potential employer contributions to retirement accounts.

Tips to Live Comfortably If You Decide to Retire at 62

If you’re looking to retire at 62, keep these retirement planning strategies in mind.

•   Create a budget: Before you leave the workforce, it’s a good idea to track your expenses and come up with a realistic budget for your retirement years. Keep in mind that some expenses (like commuting to work) will go down, while others (like health care and discretionary spending) will likely go up once you retire.

•   Consider downsizing: To make your retirement savings go further, you might look into moving to a smaller home or a more affordable area to reduce housing costs.

•   Explore part-time work: Even if you choose to retire from your full-time job, you don’t have to fully exit the workforce. You might explore part-time work or consulting to supplement income while maintaining flexibility.

•   Delay Social Security (if possible): Consider using savings to bridge the gap and delay claiming Social Security benefits for a higher payout. The amount you can receive will be higher the longer you wait to apply, up until age 70.

•   Stay healthy: Prioritizing preventive health care and maintaining an active lifestyle can help minimize medical expenses.

•   Maximize investments: It’s a good idea to keep your investments diversified and regularly review your portfolio with a financial advisor.

The Takeaway

Retiring at 62, the earliest age you can receive Social Security benefits, may be a viable option. But it’s important to look before you leap. To determine if you can realistically retire at 62, assess your current assets, estimate future income, consider your preferred lifestyle, and determine how you’ll pay for health care until Medicare starts. You’ll also want to weigh the benefits of retiring early (such as reduced stress and more personal time) against the potential drawbacks (like reduced income and less social interaction).

If your dream is to retire early, you’ll want to implement strategies that can help you achieve your goal. With the right preparation, retiring at 62 can be a rewarding new chapter of life.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

How much money do you need to retire at 62?

The amount you need to retire at 62 depends on your lifestyle, health care costs, and expected longevity. As a general rule of thumb, financial experts recommend having eight to 10 times your annual income saved before retiring. For example, if you earn $70,000 annually, you’ll need at least $560,000 to $700,000. To retire at 62, you generally want to aim for the higher end of that spectrum to make up for fewer working years and, presumably, more years to spend your savings.

How much social security will you get if you retire early at 62?

If you retire at 62, you can claim Social Security benefits, but your payments will be reduced by as much as 30%. The exact reduction will depend on your full retirement age (FRA), which is somewhere between age 66 and 67, depending on your birth year. You can see how much you’ll get when you apply at different times between age 62 and 70 by logging into your Social Security account (if you don’t have one, you can create one at SSA.gov).

Is retiring at 62 a good idea?

Retiring at 62 can be a good idea if you’re financially prepared and eager to enjoy more leisure time. It allows for early access to Social Security benefits and freedom from work-related stress. However, early retirement also comes with challenges, which include reduced Social Security benefits, a health insurance gap before Medicare eligibility at 65, and a longer retirement period to fund.
To determine if you should retire at 62, it’s important to consider your savings, expenses, and desired lifestyle. If you have sufficient resources to fund early retirement, retiring at 62 can be rewarding. Otherwise, waiting may offer greater financial stability.


Photo credit: iStock/kate_sept2004

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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What Is the Average Credit Score for a 23-Year-Old?

It can take time to build credit and achieve a high credit score, especially for a 23-year-old, who may have recently entered the workforce or still be in school. But as of August 2024, Generation Z, which includes people aged 18-26, has an average FICO® credit score of 681. This is considered a “good” score that gives you access to more financial products and better interest rates than people with a lower score.

Learn more about the average credit score of a 23-year-old, what factors play a role in calculating credit scores, why credit scores matter, and some steps you can take to boost your score.

Key Points

•   The average credit score for a 23-year-old is 681, which is categorized as “good.”

•   Payment history and credit utilization significantly influence credit scores.

•   Keeping older credit accounts open and active helps maintain a longer credit history.

•   Regularly checking and monitoring credit reports can help identify and correct errors.

•   A credit score of 760 is “very good” and can offer better financial opportunities.

The Average Credit Score for a 23-Year-Old

As mentioned above, the average credit score for a 23-year-old is 681, according to Experian, one of the three credit bureaus. (The other two are TransUnion and Equifax.)

Since the lowest credit score you can have is 300 and the highest 850, this number puts you in a favorable place. You also have an opportunity to work on increasing your score.

Check your credit score for free. Sign up and get $10.*

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Recommended: FICO Score vs. Credit Score

What Is a Credit Score?

A credit score is a three-digit number creditors use to determine how likely you are to repay a loan and make payments on time.There are two main credit scoring companies that generate your credit score: FICO and VantageScore. However, 90% of lenders rely on FICO when making borrowing decisions.

Though FICO and VantageScore use different models for credit scoring, they both have a score range of 300 to 850 to signify creditworthiness. The higher your score, the less of a financial risk you may pose to lenders — and the more likely you are to get approved for a credit card, mortgage, or loan. A more robust credit score also means you’ll typically qualify for more favorable terms, such as lower interest rates, and possible credit card perks such as earning cash back on purchases, airline miles, or higher credit limits.

Here’s a look how the scoring range of VantageScore vs. FICO differs so you can see where you stand with both:

Generation

Average FICO Credit Score

Generation Z (18 to 26) 681
Millenials (27 to 42) 691
Generation X (43 to 58) 709
Baby Boomers (59 to 77) 746
Silent Generation (78+) 759

What’s a Good Credit Score for Your Age?

A “good” FICO credit score falls somewhere between 670 to 739 or higher, regardless of your age. If, like many 23-year-olds, you lack a substantial credit history, your starting credit score probably won’t be within that range. The good news is, your score won’t be zero (no one’s credit score is), nor does it mean you’ll start out with 300, the lowest possible credit score.

Once you start showing you can manage your credit responsibly over time, your score should begin to rise. A spending app can help you manage bill paying and set budgets, which can make bill paying easier.

As you work on boosting your score, you’ll want to check it about four times a year to track your progress and make adjustments as needed. Credit scores update every 30 to 45 days, so it could take a little time before you start to see any changes.

How Are Credit Scores Used?

Credit scores are but one factor lenders consider when evaluating whether to approve you for any type of credit or loan. If your credit score is considered “good” or better, you may be more likely to get approved because in creditors’ eyes, you’ve shown you’re able to manage debt responsibly.

Credit scores aren’t just important for people looking to borrow money or apply for a new line of credit. If you’re renting an apartment, for instance, the landlord may run a potential tenant credit check to determine if you’re a safe bet. And, along with a background check, some employers may want to pull a prospective candidate’s credit score. Employer credit checks are more common in companies or businesses where the employee will be handling money and/or have access to customer’s financial information.

What Factors Affect My Credit Score?

There are five common criteria used to calculate credit scores. Here’s how much each one counts toward your FICO Score and why they can affect your credit score:

•  Payment history (35%). Your track record of bill paying can have a significant impact on your FICO Score. The more consistent and timely your payments, the better.

•  Credit utilization (30%). Credit utilization refers to the amount of available credit you’re using, and it’s a key factor in determining your credit score. A lower credit utilization rate is better for your credit score.

•  Length of credit history (15%). Generally, the longer an account is open and in good standing, the better it is for your credit score.

•  Credit mix (10%). Though not required, having a diverse array of credit, such as credit cards, installment loans, and even a home equity line of credit (HELOC), can show lenders you can handle different types of debt.

•  New credit (10%). When you apply for a loan or credit card, the lender will make a hard credit inquiry, which can cause a small, temporary dip in your credit score. If you apply for multiple loans or credit cards in a short period of time, your score can drop a bit. Lenders may also see it as a red flag that you’re taking on too many financial obligations.

How Does My Age Affect My Credit Score?

Your age doesn’t impact your credit score — your credit history does. But as noted earlier, credit scores do tend to increase with age and income levels. This means a 23-year-old has the opportunity to establish positive fiscal habits early on, such as setting budgets, using a money tracker app to monitor spending, and living within or below your means.

At What Age Does a Credit Score Improve the Most?

According to Experian FICO Score data, Baby Boomers and the Silent Generation tend to have the highest credit scores of all age groups. But the biggest jump in scores — 37 points in 2024 — generally occurs between Generation X and Baby Boomers.

How to Build Credit

Wondering how to build credit? A good place to start is to acquire credit accounts so you can start establishing your credit history. Remember, lenders want to see a track record of responsible debt management, so it’s a good idea to create sound financial habits now. Pay your bills on time consistently. Resist the temptation to use up all of your available credit. And keep tabs on your finances so you don’t spend more than you’re bringing in.

And keep in mind, this is a long game. How long does it take to build credit? It depends, but generally speaking, it may take three to six months to build enough credit and get your first credit score.

Credit Score Tips

Whether you’re just starting on your credit journey or are preparing your finances for a major purchase, increasing your credit score is always a worthy goal. Here are some tips to help you do just that:

•   Pay your bills on time, every time. It bears repeating: A track record of on-time payments shows lenders that you’re serious about being fiscally responsible. It also can go a long way toward building your credit score.

•   Keep older accounts open. Closing any credit card accounts ends your payment history with that lender. Eventually, this account will drop off of your credit report and potentially impact your credit length and credit utilization rate. If you have an older credit card account in good standing, consider keeping it open — and even using occasionally for smaller charges.

•   Get credit for other bills you pay. A 23-year-old can work toward increasing their credit score by looking into including rent payments, streaming services, and even some utility bills. Check out Experian Boost, which allows you to include these types of on-time payments in other accounts to your Experian credit report.

•   Check your credit report. You can check your credit reports without paying weekly via AnnualCreditReport.com. Ensure all the information is correct, and fix any errors you see.

   Note that your credit report won’t show you your credit score. Instead, you may be able to get that important three-digit number from a number of sources, including your bank, credit card company, or Experian. As with checking your credit report, monitoring your credit scores helps you identify discrepancies or fraudulent activities.

Recommended: Why Did My Credit Score Drop After a Dispute?

The Takeaway

The average credit score for a 23-year-old is 681, which is considered a “good” credit score. Having a score in this range can help make getting loans, credit cards, apartment rentals, and maybe even certain jobs a little easier. If you’re able to boost your credit score into a “very good” or even “exceptional” range, you may be able to qualify for loans with better terms or credit cards with attractive perks.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

What’s a good credit score for a 23-year-old?

No matter what your age is, a credit score that falls between 670 and 739 is considered good. The average credit score for a 23-year-old is 681, which falls in the “good” range.

Is a 760 credit score at 23 good?

Yes, a 760 FICO credit score puts you in the “very good” range, and it shows lenders that you’re creditworthy and able to capably manage credit.

What is a good credit limit for a 23-year-old?

Credit limits differ from person to person, but the average limit for Generation Z consumers is around $13,000.

Is 720 a good credit score for a 23-year-old?

Yes, it is. A 720 credit score is classified as a “good” score, according to FICO, and a “prime” score per VantageScore.

How rare is an 800 credit score?

It’s not that common to have a credit score of 800 or higher, which is categorized as “exceptional.” Case in point: Only about 22% of Americans have a score in the 800s.

How rare is an 825 credit score?

As mentioned above, less than a quarter of Americans boast a credit score of 800 or higher. Having an 825 credit score is rarer because it reflects, among other things, a near-perfect history of on-time payments. Late payments, defined as 30 days past due, appear on only 1% of credit reports for people with a credit score of 825, according to Experian.


Photo credit: iStock/BongkarnThanyakij

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Benefits, Drawbacks, and Options of a Self-Directed 401(k) Plan

Benefits, Drawbacks, and Options of a Self-Directed 401(k) Plan

Self-directed 401(k) accounts aren’t as common as managed or target-date 401(k) plans, but they can be of real value for DIY-minded investors.

What is a self-directed 401(k)? These 401(k) plans — which may be employer-sponsored or available as a solo 401(k) for self-employed individuals — expand account holders’ investment choices, giving them more control over their own retirement plans. Instead of being limited to a packaged fund, an investor can choose specific stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and sometimes even alternative investments, in which to invest their retirement money.

What Is a Self-Directed 401(k) Account?

The key promise of self-directed 401(k) plans is control. They allow retirement plan savers to basically act as a trustee for their own retirement funds.

A self-directed 401(k) plan offers expanded investment choices, from stocks, bonds, funds, and cash, to alternative investments like Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and commodities.

For a plan holder who believes they have the investment know-how to leverage better returns than a managed fund or target-date fund, a self-directed 401(k) can be an appealing choice.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1


1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Who Is Eligible for a Self-Directed 401(k)?

As long as your employer offers a self-directed 401(k), and you have earned taxable income for the current calendar year, you can enroll.

Alternatively, if you are self-employed and own and run a small business alone, with no employees (aside from a spouse), and your business earns an income, you are also eligible. You can search for a financial institution that offers self-directed plans, which might include a solo 401(k).

This is one of the self-employed retirement options you may want to consider.

How to Set Up a Self-Directed 401(k)

Setting up a self-managed 401(k) plan can be fairly straightforward. Once a 401(k) account is established, employees can fund it in the following ways:

•   Plan transfer. An employee can shift funds from previous or existing 401(k) plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs). However, Roth IRAs can’t be transferred.

•   Profit sharing. An employee receiving funds from a company through profit sharing can use that money to open a self-directed 401(k) plan — up to 25% of the profit share amount.

•   Direct plan contributions. Any income related to employment can be contributed to a self-directed 401(k) plan.

Recommended: How to Manage Your 401(k)

Pros and Cons of Self-Directed 401(k)s

Like most investment vehicles, self-managed 401(k) plans have their upsides and downsides.

Pros of Self-Directed 401(k) Plans

These attributes are at the top of the self-directed 401(k) plan “advantages” list:

•   More options. Self-directed 401(k) plans allow retirement savers to gain more control, flexibility, and expanded investment choices compared to traditional 40k plans, putting their money exactly where they want — without relying on established funds.

•   Tax deferral. Like regular 401(k) plans, all self-directed 401(k) plan contributions and asset gains are tax-deferred.

•   Employee matching. Self-directed 401(k) plans make room for employer matching plan contributions, thus potentially paving the way for more robust retirement plan growth.

•   Plan diversity. Account holders can invest in assets not typically offered to 401(k) plan investors. Alternative investments like real estate, gold, silver and other commodities, and private companies are allowed, thus lending additional potential for diversity to self-directed 401(k) plans.

Cons of Self-Directed 401(k) Plans

These caveats and concerns are most often associated with self-directed 401(k) plans:

•   Higher-risk investments. Historically, alternative investments like precious metals and real estate come with more volatility — and hence more risk — than stocks and bonds.

•   Diversification is on you. You’ll need to choose among stocks, bonds and funds to augment your self-directed 401(k) plan asset allocation.

•   Higher fees. Typically, self-directed employer retirement plans cost employees more to manage, especially if an investor makes frequent trades.

•   Larger time investment. Since self-directed 401(k) plans offer access to more investment platforms, savers will likely need to spend more time doing their due diligence to research, select, and manage (especially in the area of risk assessment) their plan options.

How Much Money Can be Put in a Self-Directed IRA?

The amount an investor can contribute to a self-directed IRA is the same as the amount that can be contributed to a traditional IRA savings account. The annual contribution limit is $7,000 for tax years 2024 and 2025. Those 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,000, for a total of $8,000 per year.

For a self-directed 401(k), the amount that can be contributed is the same as the contribution limits for a traditional 401(k). For 2024, the limit is $23,000. For those age 50 and older, there is the option of making an additional catch-up contribution of up to $7,500. That means an individual 50 or older could contribute as much as $30,500 to a self-directed 401(k) in 2024.

For 2025, the limit is $23,500. Those 50 and older can make an additional catch-up contribution of up to $7,500, for a total of up to $31,000. In 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 (instead of $7,500), for a total of $34,750.

Recommended: IRA vs 401(k)

Common Self-Directed 401(k) Investments

The ability to choose from an expanded list of investment categories is an intriguing benefit for a 401(k) plan holder who believes they have the investment know-how to leverage better returns from investments like self-directed 401(k) real estate, precious metals, or shares of private companies, among other eligible alternative investments.

For any retirement saver looking to leverage those options, the key is understanding what potential opportunities and what risks those extra self-directed investment vehicles bring to the table. Here’s a closer look at two of the more common alternative investments linked to self-directed 401(k) plans.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)

Investing in real estate simply means investing in residential or commercial properties, or real estate funds, with the goal of income generation. A self-directed 401(k) plan allows for real estate investing outside of the plan holder’s personal residence.

Examples of residential properties include:

•   Single-family homes

•   Condos

•   Townhouses

Examples of commercial real estate include:

•   Multi family homes

•   Office or retail buildings

•   Storage facilities and warehouses

To invest in real estate with a self-directed 401(k) plan, an investor would use their 401(k) funds to purchase the property, as well as to pay for maintenance, taxes, and other property-related expenses.

Real estate can be cyclical in nature, and can require large amounts of cash when investing in direct real estate properties. Thus, risk of investment loss is real and must be treated prudently by self-directed 401(k) real estate investors.

Precious metals

Investing in “hard commodities” like gold, silver, titanium, copper, zinc, and bronze, among other metals, are allowable with self-directed 401(k) plans. Self-directed 401(k) plan participants can either invest in precious metals directly, like buying gold bullion or coins, or invest in precious metals via stocks or precious metal funds.

Precious metal investing can be high risk, as gold, silver, and other metals can be highly volatile in value. As with real estate, investors have to be able to ride out chaotic market periods for commodities — but for some, the potential payoff may be worth it.

Investments That Aren’t Allowed Under Self-Directed 401(k) Plan Rules

While the list of investment vehicles that are included in a self-directed 401(k) plan are substantial, regulatory rules do prohibit specific investment activities tied to several of those asset classes. The following investment strategies and associated transactions, for example, would not pass muster in self-directed 401(k) plans.

Real Estate with Family Ties

While investing in real estate is allowed in a self-directed 401(k) plan, using that real estate for extended personal gain is not allowed. For example, that could include buying an apartment and allowing a family member to live there, or purchasing a slice of a family business and holding it as a 401(k) plan asset. Neither of these scenarios is allowed under 401(k) plan regulatory rules.

Loans

Self-directed 401(k) plan consumers may not loan any plan money to family members or sign any loan guarantees on funds used in a self-directed 401(k) plan.

No Investment Benefit Beyond Asset Returns

Self-directed 401(k) plan holders cannot earn “extra” funds through transactions linked to plan assets. For example, a plan holder can buy a real estate property under 401(k) plan rules but he or she cannot charge any management fees nor receive any commissions from the sale of that property.

Basically, a self-directed 401(k) plan participant cannot invest in any asset category that leads to that plan participant garnering a financial benefit that goes beyond the investment appreciation of that asset. That means not using 401(k) funds to purchase a personal residence or investing in assets like investments of collectibles (i.e. vehicles, paintings or jewelry or real estate properties that the plan participant personally uses.

Manage Your Retirement Savings With SoFi

While self-directed 401(k) plans can add value to a retirement fund, self-directed retirement planning is not for everyone.

This type of account requires more hands-on involvement from the plan holder than a typical target-date or managed fund might. Additionally, investing in alternative investments like precious metals, real estate, and other risk-laden investment vehicles, require a realistic outlook on downside risk and a healthy knowledge of how investments work beyond stocks, bonds, and funds.

In the meantime, you might want to consider rolling over any old 401(k) accounts to an IRA rollover to better manage your retirement savings overall.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What is the difference between an individual 401(k) and a self-directed 401(k)?

A self-directed 401(k) gives account holders more investment choices, as well as more control over their own retirement plans. Instead of being limited to a packaged fund as they would be with an individual 401(k), an investor can choose specific stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and even alternative investments, in which to invest their retirement money.

Can I roll my traditional 401(k) into a self-directed 401(k)?

Yes. You can shift funds from a previous or existing 401(k) plan or individual retirement account (IRA) into a self-directed 401(k). The exception is a Roth IRA, which can’t be transferred.

How is a self-directed 401(k) taxed?

Like regular 401(k) plans, all self-directed 401(k) plan contributions and asset gains are tax-deferred until withdrawn. With self-directed 401(k)’s, there is a 10% tax penalty for early withdrawals (before age 59 ½), the same as with traditional 401(k)s.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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