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ChexSystems is a nationwide credit reporting system that collects information about bank accounts that are now closed. It compiles data on red flags, such as whether a bank account was closed due to numerous overdrafts or suspicious financial transactions.

Many (but not all) financial institutions rely on ChexSystems data to decide whether or not to approve an application for a new checking or savings account. If you have a bank account or plan to open one, it’s helpful to understand what goes into a ChexSystems report and why it might matter to you.

What Is ChexSystems?

Authorized by provisions in the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), ChexSystems is a risk-management tool for financial entities that are checking an individual’s banking history.

ChexSystems compiles information that can help financial institutions gauge whether a customer is creditworthy before granting them an account. The information that ChexSystems compiles is based only on closed accounts, not current ones, and can reveal whether past accounts were closed voluntarily or due to negative behavior, such as repeated overdrafts or suspected fraud.

Negative marks typically stay on a ChexSystems report for up to five years. If a financial institution sees any kind of negative activity on a ChexSystems report, the applicant may be denied a bank account.

The information in your ChexSystems report can also be used to generate a ChexSystems consumer credit score. This is separate from consumer credit scores generated using information from the three major credit reporting bureaus to help lenders decide who may qualify for a loan.

What Is In a ChexSystems Report?

Not everyone will have a file with ChexSystems. Those who have a clean banking record may not be listed. However, those who have had bank accounts closed in the past for negative reasons will likely have a report with ChexSystems.

A report will usually include basic identifying information, such as name, address, phone number, and date of birth. It will also include details about your banking history, such as:

•   Suspected fraudulent activity

•   Non-sufficient funds (NSF) or overdraft activity

•   Inquiries (when someone has viewed your ChexSystems report)

•   Check cashing inquiries

•   Returned checks reported by retailers

•   History of checks ordered

•   Checking account closures

ChexSystems only collects information for closed accounts, and negative behaviors typically stay on file for five years, as noted above. Current checking accounts do not show up on a ChexSystems report.

Worth noting: If you’ve ever had a security freeze in place, that will usually show up on your ChexSystems report, as will identity theft alerts.

Recommended: Why Is Having a Good Credit Score Important?

How to Get a Copy of Your ChexSystems Report

You can get a copy of your ChexSystems report for free once every 12 months under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act (FACTA), similar to the way you can request a free copy of your credit reports once a year from the three main credit bureaus.

You can request your ChexSystems report online, by phone, or by mail:

•   You can complete and submit the Consumer Request for Disclosure Form online.

•   You can call 1-800-428-9623 Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 7:00 pm CST.

•   You can mail a Consumer Request for Disclosure Form to ChexSystems, Inc., Attn: Consumer Relations, PO Box 583399, Minneapolis, MN 55458.

ChexSystems also offers options for people with visual or hearing impairments. In addition, the ChexSystems website details ways to obtain a report for those under age 18 or for an adult for whom you have power of attorney.

There is an exception to this “once a year” free report rule: If you’ve been denied a bank account, you can request a copy of your ChexSystems report to understand the factors behind the bank’s decision, even if less than a year has passed since the last time you pulled a report. The bank is required to specify the reason for the denial, too.

How to Clean Up Your ChexSystems Report

To clean up your ChexSystems report, you’ll first need to get a copy of it, if you haven’t done so already. You can then dispute any negative information you may find. This can help improve your ChexSystems profile if you can get the information removed.

You can reach out to the bank that shared any negative information about your past account and offer to make good on any outstanding obligations. The bank could agree to remove the negative information.

Going forward, you can prevent any further negative information from being reported by practicing good banking habits, such as:

•   Maintaining positive balances across accounts so you don’t land in overdraft

•   Keeping of checks and deposits to avoid bounced checks

•   Protecting your banking information to prevent fraud

•   Reporting any suspected fraud to your bank right away

Those actions won’t erase a negative ChexSystems file. But they can help you to stay on your bank’s good side.

Does a ChexSystems Report Affect Your Credit Score?

Your ChexSystems report doesn’t affect your consumer credit scores directly. FICO® credit scores, for example, are based on how responsibly you manage credit and debt. For example, it can reveal how often you pay bills late, how much of your available credit you’re using, and how often a hard credit inquiry shows up on your report.

Those are some of the main factors that affect credit scores.

But there could be a ripple effect. If your ChexSystems report makes it difficult or impossible to open a bank account, you might have a hard time paying bills when they are due. If, as a result, you send payments late, that could lower your credit score.

Options if You’ve Been Denied a Bank Account Due to ChexSystems

If you’ve been denied a checking account because of a negative ChexSystems report, it helps to know what to do next. You have a few options:

•   Clean up your ChexSystems file. Request a copy of your ChexSystems report to understand why you were denied. Review your report for any errors or inaccuracies, and dispute any errors you find. Or, if you owe a debt to your previous bank, you could pay it off and request that the bank remove the mark against you.

If successful in cleaning up your report, you can ask the financial institution you recently applied to if they would reconsider the denial. You might also try opening a savings account with the new bank first, see if you can build a relationship, and then add a checking account.

•   Try another bank. Find a bank that doesn’t rely on ChexSystems reports to evaluate potential clients. They are out there and can be found with a little research.

•   Consider a second chance bank account. These are designed for people who have been denied a checking account previously. These accounts may have higher fees or more restrictions than regular bank accounts. They can, however, help you establish a positive banking history and, if managed well, transition to a standard checking account in the future.

•   Use prepaid debit cards in the short term for spending and bill payment. You can load funds onto these cards (which typically charge fees) and then take care of daily needs with that money.

The Takeaway

ChexSystems is a nationwide reporting system for closed bank accounts. Qualified institutions may access ChexSystems reports to evaluate individuals who are applying for new checking or savings accounts. Being listed in ChexSystems means you likely have negative incidents on your closed accounts (e.g., overdrafts, fraud, unpaid negative balances). This can prevent you from opening new accounts. In this situation, you can focus on cleaning up your ChexSystems report or try some workarounds so you can manage daily financial transactions.

SoFi is among the banks that do not rely on ChexSystems when reviewing account applications.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What happens if you are on ChexSystems?

If you have a file on ChexSystems, you may find it hard to open a bank account. ChexSystems gathers negative information about past bank accounts, such as past overdrafts or involuntary account closings.

Can you remove yourself from ChexSystems?

It may be possible to remove yourself from ChexSystems if your report includes information that’s inaccurate or reported in error. You’ll need to dispute the information through ChexSystems in order to have it corrected or removed from your file. Or if, say, you owe overdraft charges on a now-closed account, you could contact your former bank, pay what you owe, and see if they would remove the negative information from ChexSystems.

How do I know if I am in ChexSystems?

You can request a free copy of your ChexSystems report annually. If there is a report on file for you (those in good standing may not be listed), getting this record can reveal the details of negative information.

How long does a person stay in ChexSystems?

Generally, negative information can stay on a ChexSystems report for up to five years. If you have multiple negative items on your ChexSystems report, the five-year reporting time frame applies separately to each one.

Which banks report to ChexSystems?

ChexSystems doesn’t specify which banks use its reporting system. If you’re unsure whether a bank reports to ChexSystems or reviews ChexSystems reports when you apply for a new account, you can call the bank and ask. You can also ask whether second-chance banking is an option, in case you’re denied a traditional bank account.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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A financial emergency is any situation that you didn’t anticipate or plan for that affects you financially. Examples of financial emergencies can include a job loss, unexpected car repair, or medical bills resulting from an accidental injury.

Six out of 10 American households experience at least one financial emergency per year, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Financial experts recommend planning ahead for life’s curveballs by saving an emergency fund.

Knowing what is a financial emergency–and what isn’t–can help you decide when it makes sense to tap into your cash reserves or turn to credit to cover the gap.

What Is Considered a Financial Emergency?

FEMA defines a financial emergency as “any expense or loss of income you do not plan for.” There are a number of different scenarios that could fit the definition of a financial emergency, which is why it’s a good idea to make sure you have enough money in your bank account to cover them, if possible.

Here are some of the most common financial emergencies that a typical household may encounter that could cause financial hardship.

Home Emergencies or Repairs

In addition to the regular costs of home ownership, it’s also important to be prepared for unexpected expenses that may crop up from time to time. For example, you may need to replace your HVAC system if it stops working or get a new roof if yours springs an unfixable leak. Other financial emergencies examples include appliance repairs or needing to pay your deductible if you have to file a homeowner’s insurance claim for damages.

Car Emergencies or Repairs

If you own at least one vehicle for long enough, odds are that you’ll have a financial emergency at some point. Your transmission might give out, for example, or you find out that you need to replace all four tires in order to pass inspection. These are costs that you may not plan for that but need to pay to keep your car on the road.

Loss of Income

There are different scenarios where a loss of income might constitute a financial emergency. If you’re the sole breadwinner for your household, for instance, and you get laid off, fired, quit, or can’t work because of an illness or injury, this situation can directly impact your ability to pay the bills.

Emergencies That Affect Your Health

A health issue, major or minor, could end up being a financial emergency if it affects your ability to collect a paycheck. This kind of situation may also trigger a money emergency if you have to pay for some or all of your medical care out of pocket. Health insurance may cover some of your care if you get sick or injured, but it doesn’t always cover all of your costs. And a financial emergency of this nature can be made worse if you’re unable to work.

Unexpected Loss of a Loved

Losing a loved one can be upsetting enough on its own, but it can also create financial pressure. If you need to travel to attend the funeral or you’re expected to contribute to final expenses, you can find yourself in a scenario that’s a financial emergency.

Natural Disasters

Storms, droughts, floods, and earthquakes seem to be in the news more frequently these days. Any one of these events can disrupt your life and cause loss of income as well as unexpected expenses. If a huge storm floods your town, your home might suffer damage and, even if you’re insured, other expenses could quickly pile up. Also, if your place of business were to be flooded, you might be out of work and therefore out of income for a while.

What Is Not Considered a Financial Emergency?

Now you know what a financial emergency is. There are some things, however, you might spend money on that don’t meet the strict definition of an emergency. Here are some examples of the kinds of situations that may feel necessary or urgent but aren’t actually financial emergencies.

Taking a Vacation

A vacation might feel like a “need,” especially if you could use some time away from a stressful job. But vacations generally are not considered to be examples of financial emergencies because they are not unexpected. Instead, you can plan and save for a trip at a pace that works for your budget.

Going to or Planning a Wedding

Being a guest at a wedding is optional, though you may feel social pressure to RSVP that you’ll be there. The costs of attending can add up, once you factor in gifts, new clothes to wear to the event, and other expenses. Still, those are not financial emergencies since you can always say no. Likewise, the cost of your own wedding is not a financial emergency either in that sense that you can plan and save for it.

Purchasing Gifts for Someone

Birthdays, holidays, graduations, and other special occasions might call for you to present someone with a gift. But a gift is not classified as a financial emergency since you usually have some advance notice that an occasion is coming up. Plus, it’s up to you how much you spend. While you might want to purchase something lavish, something more affordable (a book, going out for coffee or a drink) or simply a heartfelt card can suffice when money is tight.

Putting Down a Down Payment

If you plan to buy a car or a home, putting money down can reduce the amount you need to finance. This will then save you money on interest over the life of the loan. Down payments are money that you save over time, not funds that you have to come up with on short notice. While it may feel like an emergency when you find your dream house but haven’t yet saved enough money to buy it, this doesn’t meet the definition of a true financial emergency.

Replacing Items in the House That Are Not Essential

There are some things in your home that you may need to replace right away, especially if they break down. That includes HVAC systems and roofing that fails to do its job. As mentioned above, these common home repair costs can indeed qualify as financial emergencies. But other household expenditures, like new kitchen countertops or new furniture, are items you can budget and save for, so they’re not financial emergencies.

Determining How Much Emergency Savings to Have

The financial emergency examples listed above underscore why having an emergency fund is important. When you have ample emergency savings in place, it’s easier to handle unexpected expenses without stress and without having to use high-interest credit cards or loans to pay for them.

So if you’re thinking, Should I have an emergency fund? the answer is almost always going to be yes. The next question to tackle is how much to save.

One common rule of thumb is to have at least three to six months’ worth of expenses in your emergency fund. So if your monthly expenses are $3,000, you’d aim to save $9,000 to $18,000 for an emergency fund. An emergency fund of that size in a savings account should in theory be able to get you through a financial crisis.

Recommended: Ensure you’re prepared for the unexpected by using our emergency fund calculator.

Whether that amount is too high or too low will depend on several things. A few examples of important factors: the types of financial emergencies you’re most likely to encounter, how much you’d be able to cut expenses if you had to, and how quickly you’d be able to replace lost income should the need arise.

In the case of something like a job loss, for example, a smaller emergency fund might be sufficient if you can live leanly and no one else depends on you financially. Or you’ll likely be okay if you’re able to find a replacement job quickly and have one or more side hustles to supplement your income. On the other hand, if you’re married with three kids, a much larger emergency fund might be needed to sustain you until you can find another job.

Banking With SoFi

An emergency fund can save the day when a true financial emergency comes along. Knowing the difference between what is a financial emergency and what is not and when to use an emergency fund can help you to make the most of the money you’re saving.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are some real life examples of financial emergencies?

Real life examples of financial emergencies include an unexpected job loss, an illness or injury that prevents you from working, or an unplanned home repair. A financial emergency may be a one-time expense, like a car repair, or an ongoing situation that requires you to rely on savings to cover expenses.

Why might I need an emergency fund?

Having an emergency fund is a good idea if you own a home or vehicle, have concerns about what might happen if you were to lose your job, or simply don’t want to be caught unprepared when an unexpected expense comes along. You may also want to have an emergency fund if other people (such as a partner, spouse, or children) depend on you for income.

Is it recommended that I build an emergency fund?

Yes, it is generally recommended that most people have some type of emergency fund in place to cover unanticipated expenses. Going without an emergency fund may only make sense for people who have already accumulated substantial savings or investments they can draw on to cover unplanned events.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

3.30% APY
Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

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