Real Estate Crowdfunding: What Is It?

Real estate crowdfunding allows investors to pool funds together to invest in property. Crowdfunding has become a popular way to invest in real estate, and gain exposure to an alternative asset class without owning property directly.

Adding real estate to a portfolio can increase diversification while creating a potential buffer against inflation. Real estate crowdfunding platforms make it possible to invest in commercial and residential properties online, with potentially low barriers to entry. But accredited and nonaccredited investors (retail investors) are subject to different rules.

How Real Estate Crowdfunding Works

Real estate crowdfunding platforms seek out investment opportunities and vet them before making them available to investors. The platform then enables multiple investors to fund property investments at lower amounts than the actual property would cost. The minimum investment varies by platform, and might range from a few hundred dollars to upwards of $5,000.

Real estate investors then gain a proportional share of the profits. Depending on the nature of the investment, investors may see interest payments, rental income, or dividends. If a property is sold or assets are otherwise liquidated, investors could also see a profit.

Regulation crowdfunding makes real estate crowdfunding possible, as entities can raise capital from investors without registering with the SEC, as long as they offer or sell less than $5 million in securities.

Real Estate Crowdfunding Examples

Investors can join a real estate crowdfunding marketplace and browse investment options, which may include:

•   Individual residential properties

•   Retail space

•   Office buildings

•   Warehouses and storage facilities

•   Multifamily housing

•   Real estate investment trusts (REITs)

•   Real estate funds

Rather than concentrating capital in a single piece of property, real estate crowdfunding allows investors to distribute their capital among different types of properties. If you’re interested in how to invest in real estate in a hands-off way, crowdfunding can help you do it.

Crowdfunding Explained

What is crowdfunding? In simple terms, it’s the act of raising money from a crowd or pool of investors.

Crowdfunding is possible through Title III of the 2012 Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act. The Act’s purpose was to make it easier for small businesses to raise funds following the fallout of the 2008 financial crisis.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) subsequently adopted a series of rules allowing crowdfunding to be applied to real estate investments.1,2

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Crowdfunded Real Estate for Accredited and Nonaccredited Investors

Today, accredited and nonaccredited (retail) investors can invest in crowdfunded real estate, but there are different rules for each.

Accredited Investors

An accredited investor, according to the SEC, is someone who:

•   Has a net worth exceeding $1 million, not including the value of their primary residence, OR

•   Had income exceeding $200,000 annually ($300,000 for married couples) in each of the two prior years and expects the same level of income going forward, OR

•   Holds a Series 7, Series 65, or Series 82 securities license

Investors who meet the qualifications to be accredited in the eyes of the SEC may invest any amount in crowdfunded real estate.

Nonaccredited Investors

Retail investors who don’t meet the criteria for accredited investors may be limited in how much they can invest in any Regulation Crowdfunding offering in any 12-month period. If either your income or net worth is less than $124,000, during any 12-month period you can invest up to $2,500, or 5% of your income or net worth, whichever is greater.

If both your income and net worth are $124,000 or higher, during any 12-month period you can invest up to 10% of your annual income or net worth, whichever is greater (not more than $124,000 total).

Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Estate Crowdfunding

Here’s a closer look at how the potential benefits and drawbacks of this alternative strategy compare.

Pros

Holding crowdfunded real estate in a portfolio can offer potential advantages:

•   Minimum investments may be as low as a few hundred dollars.

•   Crowdfunded property investments may yield above-average returns for investors who are comfortable with a longer holding period and highly illiquid assets.

•   Investors have flexibility in choosing which type of property investments they’d like to fund, based on their goals and risk tolerance.

•   Direct ownership isn’t required, which means there’s no need for investors to get a mortgage, come up with down payment funds, or deal with the headaches of managing a rental property.

•   Nonaccredited investors are not shut out of crowdfunding real estate, thanks to SEC rulemaking, but are subject to other restrictions.

Cons

While there are some attractive features associated with real estate crowdfunding, there are some things investors may want to be wary of:

•   Real estate crowdfunding platforms may charge hefty fees, which can detract from overall investment earnings.

•   Generally speaking, crowdfunded real estate is illiquid since you’re meant to leave your capital in the investment for the duration of the holding period.

•   Taxes on real estate gains can be complicated, as the dividend portion is typically taxed differently than profit from sales of properties. You may want to consult a professional.

•   Returns are not guaranteed, and properties may underperform as market or economic conditions change.

•   Nonaccredited investors are limited in how much they can invest in crowdfunded real estate by SEC regulations (see above).

Real Estate Crowdfunding Platforms

Online platforms allow investors to crowdfund real estate with a relatively low minimum investment amount. A typical minimum investment is $10,000 though some platforms allow investors to get started with $500 or less.

When comparing platforms that crowdfund real estate, it’s helpful to consider:

•   Minimum and maximum investment thresholds

•   Range of investment options

•   Investment holding periods

•   Fees

•   Investment performance

•   Vetting and due diligence

It’s also important to look at whether a platform works with accredited or nonaccredited investors. The best real estate crowdfunding platforms thoroughly vet properties before making them available to investors, have low minimum investment thresholds, and charge minimal fees.

How to Get Started

If you’re interested in real estate crowdfunding you’ll first need to decide how much money you’re comfortable investing. How much of your portfolio you should allocate to real estate investments can depend on:

•   Your age and time horizon for investing

•   Investment goals

•   Risk tolerance

•   Risk capacity, meaning how much risk you need to take to reach your goals

There’s no magic number to aim for. Some investors may be comfortable allocating a larger portion of their portfolio to alternative investments like real estate while others may prefer to limit their allocation to 5% or 10% instead.

Once you’ve got an amount in mind you can move on to researching real estate crowdfunding platforms. Remember to look at whether platforms work with nonaccredited investors if you don’t yet qualify for accredited status.

The Takeaway

Real estate crowdfunding offers an exciting opportunity to expand your portfolio beyond traditional stocks and bonds. You might consider this option alongside REITs, real estate funds, or real estate stocks if you’d like to reap some of the benefits of property investing without having to purchase a rental unit or a fix-and-flip home.

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FAQ

How would earnings from real estate crowdfunding be taxed?

Owing to the complexity of real estate-related tax rules, you may want to consult a professional. Crowdfunded real estate investments can produce income in the form of dividends or interest, both of which are taxable at the dividend rate. Generally, any profits you clear when exiting would be treated as capital gains, and the holding period determines whether the short- or long-term rate applies.

Would real estate crowdfunding be considered a high-risk investment?

Real estate crowdfunding is risky, as interest rate fluctuations or changing market and economic conditions can affect outcomes. If you’re weighing real estate vs. stocks, remember that the two have little correlation to one another. Holding real estate in a portfolio can help balance risk and provide some protection against market volatility.

What is the difference between an accredited and nonaccredited investor?

An accredited investor satisfies one of three requirements established by the SEC, based on net worth, income, or securities licenses they hold. A nonaccredited investor does not meet these requirements and is generally considered a retail investor. A nonaccredited investor is subject to limits on how they may invest in crowdfunding opportunities.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



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Pros & Cons of Quarterly vs Monthly Dividends

Investing in stocks can help an investor build a portfolio over time while diversifying to manage risk. Adding dividend-paying stocks to the mix can also help to create a steady stream of income.

Not all stocks pay dividends. But those that do may pay out dividends on a monthly or quarterly basis. When investing in dividend stocks, it’s important to consider whether it’s better to receive monthly dividends or quarterly dividend payments.

For those investors interested in generating passive income inside their portfolio, it helps to know how stocks that pay dividends monthly versus quarterly compare.

Quick Dividend Overview

A dividend is a percentage of a company’s profits that are paid out to shareholders, typically on a fixed schedule, i.e. monthly, quarterly, annually, etc. If a company issues a dividend outside of its regular payment schedule, this is referred to as a special or extra dividend.

If you’re not familiar with dividends or dividend-paying stocks, here’s a quick primer on how dividends work.

Do All Stocks Pay Dividends?

No, not all stocks pay dividends. When looking at value vs growth stocks, an investor should bear in mind that growth stocks typically don’t offer a dividend payout to investors because the company reinvests all profits back into growth projects.

A value stock, on the other hand, may be in a better position to pay out dividends. Value stocks are companies that are undervalued by the market. These companies can pay out reliable dividends to investors and also offer capital appreciation if their stock price increases over time.

Companies that have an extended track record of paying dividends may be referred to as Dividend Aristocrats. These are S&P 500 companies that have consistently increased their dividend payout to investors over the previous 25 years or longer.

Why Do Companies Pay Dividends?

Public companies aren’t required to pay out dividends to their shareholders. But a company may choose to do so for any of the following reasons:

•  As a reward to shareholders
•  To attract new investors
•  Because there’s no need to reinvest dividends in the company’s growth

Dividend payments are a way to measure a company’s financial well-being. If a company consistently pays out dividends to shareholders, that can signal financial strength, which may be a draw to new investors.


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Monthly Dividends vs Quarterly Dividends: How They Work

If a company chooses to issue dividend payouts to its shareholders, it can determine the schedule for doing so. That can involve paying monthly dividends or paying them quarterly instead.

Whether an investor has monthly paying dividend stocks or quarterly paying dividend stocks, there are different ways they can receive those payments. For example, the company might issue a check for the dividend amount at the appointed time.

Some companies may allow investors to use their dividends to purchase additional shares through a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP). With a DRIP, investors can use their dividend payouts to purchase full or fractional shares of the same company.

This might be preferable to receiving a check quarterly or monthly if an investor is looking to grow their portfolio, versus creating an income stream. Another advantage of using a DRIP with stocks that pay dividends monthly or quarterly is that an investor may be able to avoid commission fees by reinvesting.

Are Monthly Dividends Better Than Quarterly Dividends?

If you’re receiving dividend payouts from one or more stocks in your portfolio, you may not think there’s much difference in when you receive those payments. But investing in stocks that pay dividends monthly versus quarterly could yield some important benefits.

Monthly Dividend Payouts as Regular Income

First, consider the advantage of receiving regular income (assuming the dividends are not being reinvested through a DRIP). If a portfolio includes a number of monthly paying dividend stocks that have higher dividend yields, an investor could have a nice chunk of income coming their way each month, and possibly even live off that dividend income.

An investor could use that money to cover regular bills, grow their savings, pay down debt, or invest it for the future through an IRA or college savings account. Having that added income stream can make budgeting and planning for short- or long-term financial goals easier. Those things could be more difficult to achieve with dividends that only arrive on a quarterly basis.

Reinvesting Monthly Dividend Payouts

Next, and perhaps more importantly, it may be possible to generate more income from monthly dividends by reinvesting them consistently into additional shares of stock. This ties in to the concept of compounding interest and how it works.

Compounding interest is essentially interest an investor earns on their interest, and it can be a powerful tool for growing wealth over the long term. The more time one has to invest and reinvest dividends, the more time one has to benefit from compounding’s effects.

In theory, investing in stocks that pay dividends monthly versus quarterly could work in an investor’s favor if they’re able to compound their money faster. So not only could they benefit from more regular dividend income payments, they could also potentially see more income from those stocks over time.

Whether this bears out in an investor’s portfolio depends largely on the dividend-paying stocks they own, of course. That’s why it’s important to understand how different stocks compare when investing for dividends to make sure you’re choosing ones that fit your personal investment goals.


💡 Quick Tip: When you’re actively investing in stocks, it’s important to ask what types of fees you might have to pay. For example, brokers may charge a flat fee for trading stocks, or require some commission for every trade. Taking the time to manage investment costs can be beneficial over the long term.

How to Create Monthly Income With Quarterly Dividends

It’s possible to reap the benefits of stocks that pay dividends monthly even if your portfolio only includes stocks that pay dividends quarterly. But this requires a little more work compared to choosing stocks that pay monthly dividends already.

The process involves choosing quarterly dividend stocks that can be staggered over 12 months. For example, an investor might choose three stocks that pay quarterly dividends:

•  Stock A pays dividends in January, April, July and October
•  Stock B pays dividends in February, May, August and November
•  Stock C pays dividends in March, June, September and December

By shaping a portfolio this way, an investor could get the benefit of monthly dividends without having to own stocks that pay dividends each month. But it’s important to consider what kind overall income one could generate when compounding interest is taken into account, versus choosing stocks that already pay monthly dividends.

The Takeaway

Investing in a mix of growth stocks and income stocks that generate dividends can help an investor build a well-rounded portfolio. For individuals who aren’t investing yet, getting started can make it easier to leverage the benefits of compounding interest over time.

When comparing dividend stocks, it helps to consider how frequently you’ll be able to receive those payments, as well as the amount of the dividend itself.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Brokerage and Active investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, member FINRA(www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org).

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Are Pink Sheet Stocks?

What Are Pink Sheet Stocks?

Pink sheet stocks are stocks that trade through the over-the-counter market or OTC rather than through a major stock exchange. The term “pink sheets” comes from the paper that stock quotes used to be printed on, though today, stock quotes and stock trading takes place electronically.

The over-the-counter market may appeal to smaller companies, companies that are reorganizing after bankruptcy or shell companies. A pink sheet stock does not face the same level of regulation as stocks from publicly traded companies that are traded on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ.

What Is a Pink Sheet OTC?

Pink sheet stocks are those that trade over the counter (OTC), rather than via stock exchanges. OTC Markets Group provides quotes for pink sheet stocks, and broker-dealers execute trades directly with each other.

Pink sheet OTC stock trading happens on an open market that lacks the financial reporting rules mandated by trading on the NYSE, NASDAQ or another stock exchange. It’s not illegal, though the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) warns investors to stay vigilant for potential scams or fraudulent trading involving the pink sheets market and microcap or penny stocks.

A company may choose to sell shares on the over-the-counter market if it can not meet the listing requirements established by the SEC, or does not want the expense of going through the IPO process. Many pink sheet stocks are penny stocks.

Investors looking for bargain buys may consider dipping into the pink sheets market. But pink sheet stocks — and penny stocks, in particular — can be highly volatile so it’s important to understand both the risks and potential rewards.

Listing Requirements

In order for a company to get listed on OTC pink sheets, they must file Form 211 with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Companies do this through a sponsoring market maker, or registered broker dealer firm. The sponsoring market maker accepts the risk of holding a certain number of shares in a pink sheet company to facilitate trading of those shares.

The Form 211 asks for financial information about the listed company. The broker dealer can then use this information to generate a stock price quote. Pink sheet over-the-counter stocks do not need to adhere to the same financial reporting requirements as stocks that trade on major exchanges.

Are Pink Sheets and OTC the Same?

The terms pink sheet stocks, and OTC or over the counter, loosely refer to the same thing: Trades that take place outside of the traditional stock exchanges. The company OTC Markets provides quotes for companies listed on the pink sheets, as well as the OTCQX and the OTCQB trading marketplaces.

The OTCQX allows for trading of companies that are not listed on traditional exchanges but still subject to SEC rules. The OTCQB includes emerging companies with a stock price of at least a penny that are not in bankruptcy, have a minimum of 50 beneficial shareholders who each own 100 shares, and annually confirm that information is up to date. Of the three, the pink sheet OTC marketplace has the fewest financial reporting requirements.

There are also companies that adopt regulatory and reporting standards to list with the Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) system. This was another electronic stock quote system that displays stock prices for securities not listed on a national exchange. It had regulation requirements, which means pink sheet stocks wouldn’t be listed, but has ceased operations.

Are Pink Sheets and Stocks the Same?

Pink sheet stocks are stocks, meaning each one represents an ownership share in a company. The primary difference between pink sheet stocks and other types of stocks, such as Blue Chip stocks, is how investors trade them. Investors trade pink sheet stocks over the counter, and other types of stocks on an exchange.

Pink sheet stocks may have much lower valuations than small-cap, mid-cap or large-cap stocks, or they may be newer companies that have yet to establish themselves in the market. This is why it’s possible to buy penny stocks or microcap stocks on the pink sheets for pennies on the dollar.

Companies that Use Pink Sheets

There are many companies that use pink sheet stocks, and that includes some big-name, well-known companies that most people would recognize. That said, most likely wouldn’t be recognizable immediately to the average investor. A quick internet search would yield many results and examples.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Pros and Cons of Pink Sheet Stocks

Pink sheet stocks have benefits and disadvantages, both for the companies that list over the counter and for investors. These may differ from exchange-traded stocks. Here are some of the most important pros and cons to consider when investing in pink sheet stock:

Benefits of Pink Sheet Stocks

From a business perspective, being listed on the pink sheets can save companies resources. Rather than going through the IPO process to become a publicly-traded company, pink sheet stocks circumvent the major stock exchanges and their listing requirements.

Foreign companies may choose the pink sheets to avoid SEC financial reporting rules. Additionally, companies delisted from a stock exchange may seek to trade on the pink sheets OTC market.

For investors, the appeal of pink sheet stock trading is the potential to pick up stocks at rock-bottom prices. If a company listed on the pink sheets takes off, that could result in significant profits for investors who bought in early. Because there are fewer reporting requirements, it’s possible to find a much broader range of stocks to invest in when trading on the OTC pink sheets.

Disadvantages of Pink Sheet Stocks

Trading on the pink sheets OTC can call a company’s reputation or credibility into question. Investors may wonder why a company is not seeking an IPO to get listed on a stock exchange or why a company has been delisted. That can make it difficult for a company to cement its footing in the marketplace and attract attention from new investors.

Investing in pink sheet stocks may have more risk than trading stocks on a major exchange, since there is less transparency around their finances. It can be difficult to “look under the hood,” so to speak, and get an accurate picture of a company’s fundamentals. That means investors are inherently taking on more risk when investing in the pink sheets simply because they may not know exactly what they’re buying.

In addition, pink sheet stocks may be thinly traded, meaning it can be more difficult to buy or sell shares. Allocating assets to pink-sheet stocks may not be appropriate for investors who want or need liquidity within their portfolio.

Finally, investors must consider the fees associated with trading pink sheet stocks, as fees can erode net returns and stock profit.

How to Find Pink Sheet Stocks

Finding pink sheet stocks can be as simple as searching the OTC Markets website. You can use the platform’s stock screener to filter for pink sheet stocks. The filter can tell you at a glance the stock’s ticker symbol, its country of origin, price and trading volume. You can also identify pink sheet stocks by looking for ‘PK’ at the end of their symbol on a stick ticker.

It may be helpful to use an online trading simulator to find pink sheet stocks. A simulator can help you to learn more about pink sheet stocks and penny stocks while simulating trades to estimate potential gains or losses. This can make it easier to familiarize yourself with how pink sheet stocks trade and what kind of volatility you might be able to expect before investing real money.

Pink Sheet Stock Investment Risks

Part of investing strategically means paying attention to risk management. Pink sheet stocks can present greater risk in a portfolio for a few reasons. For starters, there’s less liquidity surrounding these stocks due to lower trading volume. That could make it harder to unload shares of a penny stock or pink sheet stock if you decide that it’s no longer a good fit for your investment strategy.

The pink sheets market and over-the-counter trading in general can be more susceptible to stock volatility. Rapid price fluctuations could generate higher than anticipated losses if the price of a pink sheet stock nosedives unexpectedly.

Share dilution can also reduce the value of penny stocks or other pink sheet stocks. Dilution occurs when a company issues more shares of stock, watering down the value of the existing shares on the market.

Another issue with pink sheet stocks is that they can be susceptible to price manipulation or fraud. Unusual suspects might use shell companies, for example, to trade on the pink sheets for the purpose of laundering money or otherwise defrauding investors. Because there’s so little regulation and transparency surrounding these stocks, it’s important to do thorough research before investing to make sure the company is legitimate.


💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.

How to Invest in Pink Sheet Stocks

If you’re interested in investing in pink sheet stocks, you’ll need a brokerage account to get started. Specifically, you need a broker that offers pink sheet trading. Not all brokers offer this service so you may need to research different options for where to trade pink sheet stocks online.

Once you find a brokerage you can decide how much you want to invest in pink sheet stock. Given the higher degree of risk involved, it’s important to consider how much you could realistically afford to lose if a pink sheet stock or penny stock gamble doesn’t pay off. This can help you come up with a number to invest.

When choosing a broker, ask about any applicable commission fees. Brokerages may charge higher trading fees for pink sheet stocks versus stocks that trade on a major exchange, so it’s important to factor cost in when estimating your risk/reward potential.

Pink Sheet Trading Time and Access

Trading pink sheet or OTC stocks occurs during normal market hours: Monday through Friday, 9:30am ET to 4:00pm ET, except on holidays. Investors can also place orders after hours, however.

The Takeaway

Pink sheet stocks, or OTC stocks, are stocks that do not trade on traditional large exchanges, and instead, trade “over the counter.” The over-the-counter market may appeal to smaller companies, companies that are reorganizing after bankruptcy, or shell companies, and listing OTC may be a way to circumvent the IPO process.

Investing in stocks may help you to build wealth for the long term. If you’re new to investing, you may want to start with trading stocks through an online brokerage account before diving into the over the counter market.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

Why do companies use pink sheets?

Companies may choose to use pink sheets or list their stocks OTC if they can’t meet listing requirements set forth by the SEC, or if they don’t want to go through the IPO process, which can be resource-consuming.

What is the commission on pink sheet penny stocks?

Commissions or fees levied on pink sheet penny stock trading will vary depending on the platform being used to trade them. But in many cases, there are no commissions or fees to execute a trade.

What is the difference between pink sheets vs. OTCBB?

Pink sheets is a term used to describe over the counter, or OTC stocks. OTCBB, on the other hand, is the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, and was a quotation service offered by FINRA.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $50 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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What Is Pre-IPO Placement?

A pre-IPO placement involves the sale of unregistered shares in a company before they’re listed on a stock exchange for the first time. A pre-IPO placement usually occurs immediately before a company goes public.

Companies typically sell pre-IPO shares to hedge funds, private equity firms and other institutional investors that can purchase them in large quantities. It’s possible, however, to get involved in pre-IPO investing as an individual retail investor.

Investing in IPOs or pre-IPO stock could be profitable, if the company’s public offering lives up to or exceeds market expectations. But it’s also risky, since you never know how a stock will perform in the future.

How Does Pre-IPO Placement Work?

An IPO, or initial public offering, is an opportunity for private companies to introduce their stock to the market for the first time. A typical IPO requires a lengthy process, as there are numerous regulatory guidelines that companies must meet.

Once those hurdles are cleared, however, the company will have a date on which it goes public. Investors can then purchase shares of the company through the stock exchange where it lists.

Pre-IPO investing works a little differently. The end goal is still to have the company go public. But before that, the company sells blocks of shares privately, based on its IPO valuation. A successful pre-IPO gives the company attention, as well as capital from investors ahead of the actual IPO date.

For the most part, pre-IPO shares are restricted to high-net-worth investors, or accredited investors, i.e. those who can afford to invest large amounts of capital, and can afford to take on a certain amount of risk. A pre-IPO placement of shares could be made without a prospectus or even a guarantee that the IPO will occur.

Individual investors typically don’t have the funds required, or the stomach for that level of risk.

In return for that measure of uncertainty Pre-IPO investors get in on the ground floor and purchase shares before they’re available to the market at large. There may also be an added incentive. Because they’re buying such large blocks of shares, pre-IPO investors may get access to them for less than the projected IPO price.


💡 Quick Tip: IPO stocks can get a lot of media hype. But savvy investors know that where there’s buzz there can also be higher-than-warranted valuations. IPO shares might spike or plunge (or both), so investing in IPOs may not be suitable for investors with short time horizons.

An Example of Pre-IPO Placement

Pre-IPO placements have gained popularity over the last decade, with more companies opting to offer them ahead of going public. Some of the companies that have offered pre-IPO stock include Uber and Alibaba, both of which have ties to e-commerce.

Alibaba’s pre-IPO offering was notable due to the fact that a single investor and portfolio manager purchased a large block of shares. The investor, Ozi Amanat, purchased $35 million worth of pre-IPO stock at a price that was below $60 per share.

He then distributed those shares among a select group of families. By the end of the first public trading day, Alibaba’s shares had risen to $90 each. Alibaba’s IPO delivered a 48% return to those pre-IPO shareholders due to higher-than-expected demand for the company’s stock.

In Uber’s case, PayPal agreed to purchase $500 million worth of the company’s common stock ahead of its IPO. PayPal then lost a large portion of its investment when the Uber stock price fell by about 30% following its IPO.

Pros and Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

There are benefits to pre-IPOs placements, but there are also some important drawbacks that investors should understand.

Pros of Pre-IPO Placement

From the perspective of the company, pre-IPO offerings can be advantageous if they help the company to raise much-needed capital ahead of the IPO. Offering private placements of shares before going public can help attract interest to the IPO itself, which could help make it more successful.

For investors, the benefits include:

•   Access to shares of a company before the public.

•   The potential ability to purchase shares of pre-IPO stock at a discount. So if a company’s IPO price is expected to be $30 a share, pre-IPO investors may be able to purchase it for $25 instead. This already gives them an edge over investors who may be purchasing shares the day the IPO launches.

•   Purchasing shares at a discount can potentially translate to higher returns overall if the IPO meets or exceeds initial expectations. The higher the company’s stock price rises following the IPO, the more profits you could pocket by selling those shares later.

Recommended: How to Find Upcoming IPO Stocks Before Listing Day

Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

While pre-IPO investing could be lucrative, there are some potential backs to consider. Specifically, there are certain risks involved that could make it a less attractive option for investors.

•   The company’s IPO may not meet the expectations that have been set for it. That doesn’t mean a company won’t be successful later. Facebook, for example, is noteworthy for having an IPO described as a “belly flop”. A disappointing showing on the day a company goes public for the first time could shake investor confidence in the stock and bode ill for its future performance. That in turn could affect the returns realized from an investment in pre-IPO stock.

•   The company may never follow through on its IPO and fails to go public. In that case, investors may be left wondering what to do with the shares they hold through a pre-IPO private placement. WeWork is an example of this in action. In 2019, the workspace-sharing company announced that it had scrapped its plans for an IPO, thanks to limited interest from investors and concerns over the sustainability of its business model. In 2021, the company did go public — but not through an Initial Public Offering. Instead, WeWork went public through a merger with a special acquisition company or SPAC.

•   Pre-IPOs are less regulated than regular IPOs.



💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

Summary of Pros and Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

Here’s a quick look at the benefits and drawbacks of pre-IPO placements:

Pre-IPO Private Placement Pros and Cons

Pros Cons

•   Investors have an opportunity to get into an investment ahead of the crowd

•   Pre-IPO investors may be able to purchase shares at a price that’s below the IPO price

•   Purchasing pre-IPO stock could yield higher returns if the IPO is successful

•   Pre-IPO placements can be risky, as they’re less regulated than regular IPOs

•   There are no guarantees that an IPO will deliver the type of returns investors expect

•   Does not guarantee you’ll get the loan

How to Buy Pre-IPO Stock

Typically, only accredited investors can purchase pre-IPO placements. As of 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission defines an accredited investor as anyone who:

•   Earned income over $200,000 (or $300,000 if married) in each of the prior two years and reasonably expects to earn that same amount in the current year, OR

•   Has a net worth over $1 million, either by themselves or with a spouse, excluding the value of their primary residence, OR

•   Holds a Series 7, 65 or 82 license in good standing

If you meet these conditions for accredited investor status, then you may be able to purchase shares of pre-IPO stock through your brokerage account. Your brokerage will have to offer this service and not all of them do.

Other options for buying pre-IPO stock include purchasing it from the company directly. To do that, you may need to have a larger amount of capital at the ready. So if you’re not already an angel investor or venture capitalist, this option might be off the table.

You could also pursue pre-IPO placements indirectly by investing in companies that routinely purchase pre-IPO shares. For example, you might invest in a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that specializes in private equity or late-stage companies preparing to go public. You won’t get the direct benefits of owning pre-IPO stock but you can still get exposure to them in your portfolio this way.

The Takeaway

For some high-net-worth or institutional investors, buying pre-IPO shares — a private sale of shares before a company’s initial public offering — might be possible. But it’s highly risky. For the most part, individual investors won’t have access to these kinds of private deals. But eligible investors may be able to trade ordinary IPO shares through their brokerage.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Photo credit: iStock/filadendron


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Is It a Good Idea To Use a Personal Loan for Investing?

Is It a Good Idea to Use a Personal Loan for Investing?

While a person could theoretically use a personal loan to invest, it is generally not a great idea. That’s because there are a number of risks associated with using a personal loan for investment. For one, there’s always the risk that you could lose the money you invest, which could make it challenging to repay the loan. And then there’s the fact that taking on debt to invest involves paying interest. Depending on the rate you qualify for, you could end up paying more in interest than you make in returns from investing.

If you’re considering using personal loans to invest, it’s important to understand the potential downsides. Weigh those against any possible gains to see if it actually makes sense for you.

Can You Use Personal Loans to Invest?

Personal loans allow you to borrow a lump sum of money that you can use for virtually any purpose. Some of the most common uses for personal loans include home improvements, debt consolidation, vehicle purchases, medical bills, and emergency expenses. You can also generally use a personal loan for investing, unless the lender specifies otherwise. While personal loans typically allow for flexibility in how the money can be used, lenders have the option to impose restrictions.

So why would someone use personal loans to invest anyway? There are different reasons for doing so. For some, personal loans for investing could make sense if:

•   They don’t have other cash available to invest.

•   Shifts in the market have created a buying opportunity they’d like to capitalize on.

•   Personal loan interest rates are low compared to the return potential for investments.

•   They can afford to make the payments on a personal loan.

When Using a Personal Loan to Invest Might Make Sense

Ultimately, whether you should consider using personal loans for investing may hinge on your investment goals, timeline for investing, and risk tolerance. There are some situations where it could make sense.

1. You Can Qualify for the Lowest Rates, Based on Credit

One of the most important factors that lenders consider when approving personal loan applications is credit. Specifically, your credit scores and credit reports will come under scrutiny. The higher your credit score, the lower your interest rate on a loan is likely to be. If you’re interested in using personal loans for investments then getting the best rate matters.

Why? While you might be earning returns on your investments, you’re paying some of them back to the lender in the form of loan interest. So it makes sense to angle for the lowest rates possible, which are generally offered to those with good to excellent credit.

2. You May Be Able to Pay the Loan Off Early

Being able to pay the loan off ahead of schedule could help you save money on interest charges. Given those potential savings, think about your budget and what you might realistically be able to afford to pay each month to get the loan paid off early.

But be aware that doing so could trigger a prepayment penalty. While SoFi personal loans don’t have any prepayment penalties, for instance, other lenders may charge them. If you get stuck paying a prepayment penalty that could wipe out any interest savings associated with paying the loan off early.

3. You’re Confident About Your Return Potential

Some financial experts might say that personal loans for investing only make sense when the investments are guaranteed to get a return that outpaces what’s paid in interest on the loan. But trying to predict a stock or exchange-traded fund’s future performance is an inexact science and not a recommended practice.

For that reason, it’s important to consider how confident you are about an investment paying off. This is where you may need to do some research to understand what an investment’s risk/reward profile looks like, how well it’s performed in the past, what’s happening with the market currently, and where it might be headed next.

In other words, you’ll want to perform some due diligence before using loans for investments. Looking at both the upsides and the potential investing risks can help with deciding if you should move forward with your personal loan plans.

When You Might Think Twice About Using Personal Loans for Investing

While there may be some upsides to using personal loans for investments, there are some potential drawbacks to weigh as well. Don’t let your dreams of investing success cloud the realities of the risks involved.

1. You Don’t Qualify for the Best Rates

When using personal loans for investing, the math becomes important, since any interest you pay has to be justified by the returns you earn. Even if you’re investing in something that you’re sure is going to result in a sizable gain, you still have to consider how interest will cut into those gains.

If you don’t have great credit then any returns you realize may be overshadowed by the interest you’re paying to the lender. Before applying for a personal loan, it’s helpful to check your credit reports and scores to see where you stand. This can help you gauge what type of interest rates you’re most likely to qualify for if you do decide to go ahead with a loan.

Also know that the total interest cost increases the longer you pay on the loan. If you’re considering a two-year, three-year, or even five-year repayment term, make sure to keep that in mind.

2. You Have a Lower Risk Tolerance

Investments aren’t risk-free, and some are riskier than others. If you’re taking on debt to invest in the market, you have to be reasonably sure that your investment will pay off. In the meantime, you need to be comfortable with the risk that involves.

The stock market moves in cycles, and volatility can affect stock prices from day to day. So it’s good to understand how you typically react to volatility and what level of risk is acceptable to you before taking out a personal loan. If the idea of being stuck with a loan for an investment that doesn’t pan out isn’t something you can stomach, it may not be right for you.

Likewise, you may want to take a pass on a personal loan if you’d be investing in something that you don’t fully understand or haven’t thoroughly researched.

3. Your Income or Expenses Could Change

Taking out a personal loan means you’re committing to repaying that money. While you might be able to afford the payments now, that may not be true if your income or expenses change down the line.

Something investors might not like to think about, but that is a risk, is the possibility that the market doesn’t perform favorably. What happens if there’s a loss on the investment and you have to find other funds to make the personal loan payments? The reality is, even if the investment doesn’t provide the return that’s expected, the lender will still expect payments on that personal loan.

Before applying for a personal loan, ask yourself whether you’d still be able to keep up with the payments if your income were to decrease, your other expenses were to go up, or the investment didn’t see the return you thought it would. If you don’t have an emergency fund in place, for instance, how would you manage the loan payments? Would you have to sell the investment to make a loan payment? Could you borrow money from friends or family?

Thinking about these kinds of contingencies can help you decide if a personal loan for investing is the best way to go.

What to Consider With Personal Loans for Investing

Before taking out a personal loan for investing, there are a few things to keep in mind. For instance, consider factors like:

•   How much you can afford to pay each month toward a personal loan

•   How much you need or want to borrow

•   What the current personal loan interest rates are

•   Which rates you’re most likely to qualify for based on your credit history

•   Any fees a lender may charge, such as origination fees or application fees

•   Whether you’ll be able to repay the loan early and if so, what prepayment penalty might be involved

Beyond credit scores, also consider what else is needed to get approved for a personal loan. For instance, lenders may look at your debt-to-income ratio, employment history, and intended use for the loan proceeds.

Also think about how you want to invest the money. If you’re interested in trading stocks or ETFs, for example, you may want to choose an online brokerage that charges $0 commission fees for those trades. The fewer fees you pay to your brokerage, the more of your investment returns you get to keep.

Awarded Best Online Personal Loan by NerdWallet.
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The Takeaway

Using personal loans for investments carries some definite risks. It’s a strategy to steer clear of if you don’t qualify for the best rate on your loan, you have a lower risk tolerance, or your income or expenses could change down the road. Only in select circumstances could it make sense — though remember there’s no guarantee of any investment returns.

As such, personal loans are likely better left for other purposes, such as covering emergency expenses or making necessary home repairs. If you are considering getting a personal loan, make sure to shop around to find the right offer. Personal loans from SoFi, for instance, offer competitive interest rates.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/jacoblund

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

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