Aug
10
2023
What is Volume in Stock Trading? How Investors Can Use It

What Is Volume in Stock Trading? How Investors Can Use It

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on What Is Volume in Stock Trading? How Investors Can Use It

Stock trading volume is a measure of the amount of stocks traded over a given day or other specified time period. When more of a stock is traded actively, trading volume is high, while volume slumps as sales slow.

Some investors may analyze volume as a part of a technical analysis strategy to help them make decisions about when to buy and sell a particular stock. Here’s a closer look at volume and how investors may be able to use it.

What Is Volume in Stocks?

Trade volume for stock and other securities tells investors how frequently shares in a company are being bought and sold.

Every buy and sell transaction of a particular stock helps contribute to its trade volume. A transaction takes place when a buyer agrees to purchase the shares a seller has put up for sale. If this type of transaction takes place 100 times during a day for a particular stock, that stock has a trade volume of 100.

For stock futures and options trading, volume is based on how many contracts change hands during the set period.

Volume doesn’t tell the whole story of a stock. There are a couple of terms that can help give investors a better idea of the size of a company and how many shares are actually available, including “float” and market capitalization, or market cap.

Volume vs Float

While volume is the number of shares that are being actively traded during a given period, float is the number of shares that are actually available to trade. This total does not include restricted shares, which are not registered and are usually given to corporate leaders as part of a compensation package. Outstanding shares refers to all of the stock a company has issued, including restricted shares.

Stocks that have a small number of shares — usually between 10 million and 20 million — available to trade are what is known as “low-float” stocks. Large corporations, by contrast, could have floats of billions of shares.

In certain circumstances when trade volume is very high, volume can surpass float or even number of outstanding shares.

Volume vs Market Cap

Market cap is the total number of outstanding shares multiplied by the current public market price. In other words, it’s the dollar amount required to buy up all outstanding shares of a company, including restricted shares.

Market cap helps investors understand the size of one company relative to another. For example, large-cap stocks tend to be companies worth $10 billion to $200 billion, while small-cap stocks tend to be companies worth $250 million to $2 billion.

Investors can calculate free-float market cap by excluding restricted shares.


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What Does Stock Volume Tell You?

Stock volume tells investors how much interest there is in a stock. The greater the volume, the more interest there is, while smaller volume translates to less interest.

High trade volume can also indicate that stock orders are being executed quickly and that the market is highly liquid. In other words, high volume can mean that buying and selling the stock is relatively easy.

What It Means When Stock Volume Goes Up

When stock volume is on the rise, it typically means that prices are on the move, either in the upward or downward direction. As volume increases, it can mean that investors are committing to the price change; a trend may be gathering strength.

Generally speaking, higher volume means that there’s increased interest in buying a stock, and that the market for that stock is more liquid, making it easier to buy and sell shares.

What It Means When Stock Volume Goes Down

When stock volume starts to decrease, it can signal that investors are less enthusiastic about a company. Volumes can decrease even as stock prices increase.

Low volume can be a signal for investors to get cautious about a stock. It can signal market uncertainty, the possibility of stock volatility on the horizon, and lower liquidity.

Where Can You Find Stock Volume on a Chart?

Investors can usually find information about volume next to or below the stock chart provided by trading platforms or media sources, like Yahoo Finance or the Wall Street Journal.

Often volume is charted using a candlestick chart, in which investors look for patterns to help make investment decisions. Normally, candlestick charts measure a stock’s price, including highs, lows, and opening and closing prices over a given period. The resulting figure looks a bit like a candle with a line, or “wick”, that represents highs and lows and a rectangle that marks opening and closing prices. Volume candlestick charts use the width of the rectangle to indicate volume. The higher the volume, the wider the candle.

How Traders Can Use Volume

We’ve already seen that volume can help investors understand when a price trend is picking up steam. There are a few other basic guidelines investors may want to consider as they’re deciding when to buy and sell stocks.

Exhaustion Moves

Exhaustion moves occur when there is a sharp movement in the price of stock coupled with a sharp increase in trading volume. This potentially signals the end of a current price trend. These moments can be accompanied by a period of volatility.

Price Reversals

If the price of a stock has moved in one direction for a long time and volume begins to increase at the same time that prices start to move very little, it can signal a reversal. So if stock prices were on an upward trajectory, changes start to slow and volume increases, it might mean the trend is about to reverse.

Breakouts

A breakout is a point at which changes in market trends occur. Changes in volume can clue investors into the strength of the breakout. Little change in volume suggests investors are paying the breakout little heed, while big changes in volume indicate a strong new trend.

Bullish Signals

Volume can also help investors identify bullish signs that suggest prices are likely to rise. For example, say stock prices increase and then decline. At the same time there is an increase in volume which drives prices up again. The stock again declines, but if it doesn’t decline the second time as much as it did the first time, it may be a bullish signal that prices will continue to rise.


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Types of Indicators to Measure Stock Volume

There are a number of volume indicators that could help traders make investment decisions based on their approach and goals. Here are a few examples.

On Balance Volume (OBV)

On balance volume is a cumulative technical indicator in which volume is added on days when overall volume is up and subtracted on days when overall volume is down. The direction of the indicator is what is most important to investors. When price and OBV are moving up or down together, it is likely the trend will increase in strength.

Volume Price Trend (VPT)

Similar to OBV, volume price trend measures cumulative volume. However, it differs in that it considers a percentage increase or decrease in price. VPT helps investors relate share price to trading volume. If the price of a stock increases, so does the value of the indicator. If prices fall, the indicator value falls, too.

Ease of Movement

This indicator helps traders see how easy it is for a stock price to move between levels based on trading volumes. Stocks that continue along a trend for a given period are considered “easy.” This indicator is used over longer time periods and in volatile markets in which it can be hard to spot trends.

The Takeaway

Stock trading volume measures the amount of stocks traded in a given day or time period. Examining volume and other tools in technical analysis can help investors make decisions about when to buy and sell stocks.

When buying any individual security, investors should be sure to consider how it fits into their overall financial plan, including their goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Photo credit: iStock/shapecharge

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Aug
10
2023
How to Calculate Cap Rate

What Is Cap Rate and How Do You Calculate It?

By | Financial Independence, Home Ownership, invest | Comments Off on What Is Cap Rate and How Do You Calculate It?

What Is Cap Rate?

Capitalization rate, also called cap rate, is the rate of return that an investor can expect to earn on a real estate investment property. Commercial real estate investors use it to determine how long it will take to recoup their investment in a property. Many investors will roughly calculate this number mentally, before doing further diligence on a potential investment.

In its simplest form, investors determine the cap rate of a property by dividing the property’s annual net operating income by the value of the asset. The resulting number is a percentage, and it’s how investors understand the potential return on a property. Essentially, the cap rate represents the financial returns of a property over a single year.

What Does a Cap Rate Indicate?

The ranges of what constitutes a good or bad cap rate varies widely, depending on the investment property and its market. Investors use the cap rate as a quick guide to an investment’s value compared to other similar real estate investments.

But as an indicator, the cap rate leaves out important aspects of a real estate investment such as the leverage undertaken to purchase and develop a property, and the time it will take to realize cash flows from improvements.

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The Formula for Calculating Cap Rates

The most popular formula for calculating cap rates is this:

•   Capitalization Rate = Net Operating Income / Current Market Value

Here’s a breakdown of each of those components in this context:

Net Operating Income

Net operating income consists of the property’s gross annual income — all the rent and other revenues the property produces — minus all of the common home repair costs, taxes, insurance, and other expenses related to the property, excluding mortgage payments. Once those costs have been subtracted from the income, you have the net operating income.

Current Market Value

Current market value isn’t necessarily the price that an investor paid for the property. Rather, it’s the price that the property would sell for today. In the case of a prospective real estate investment, it’s the price that the investor would pay to buy a property.

Cap Rate

When an investor divides the Net Operating Income by the Current Market Value, they take the number that’s left and move the decimal point two digits to the right to arrive at the cap rate. That number represents the percentage return investors can expect from the property.

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How to Calculate Cap Rate

Cap Rate Example

An investor who’s considering a real estate investment would start by finding out the annual rental income it produces. This is easier to do with an existing property that already has paying tenants because it has a track record and leases in place.

Assuming that an investor is interested in a property that already has tenants, an investor can ask for this information from the current owners. For instance, in this hypothetical investment, an investor finds out from the present owners that a property has tenants who pay $90,000 a year in rent.

But the building costs $9,000 per year to manage. It also costs $4,500 to maintain the property. Then there’s another $7,100 that the owner of the building will have to pay in property taxes. Finally, insuring the building will cost $6,500 per year.

To arrive at the net income of the property, the investor will have to subtract all of those annual expenses from the property’s gross annual income. In this example, the net income of the property, after factoring all of those costs, comes in at $62,900.

Once an investor knows the net income that the property produces, they divide that number by the current market value (if they already own the property), or the purchase price (if they’re thinking of buying it). In our example, if the current market value/purchase price is $400,000 and the net income is $62,900, the formula gives a result of 0.15725. And when the investor moves the decimal point two digits to the right, the result is 15.72. That number — 15.72 — tells the investor that they can expect the property to deliver an annual return of 15.72%.

Using a Property’s Cap Rate

While a property’s past income can serve as a guide, cap rates are based on projected estimates of its future expenses and future income. As the business climate and the condition of the property fluctuate from year to year, the property’s cap rate will also fluctuate.

But even though the cap rate changes over time, it is a valuable way to understand the real value of an investment, simply because it tells an investor how long it will take to recoup their investment in the property. For example, an investor purchasing a property with a cap rate of 10% will need roughly 10 years to earn back the initial investment.

After that 10-year investment, the investor will still own the property and be entitled to the net income. But before they reach that point, many unexpected risks related to property investing can rear up and derail the investor’s plans.


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The Limitations of Cap Rate

The cap rate of a property is a projection, and nothing more. Investors purchasing a Treasury bond paying 3% have every reason to expect that if they hold it to maturity, they’ll receive 3% annually.

But property investing comes with a host of risks that can keep that rosy cap rate from ever becoming a reality. With commercial real estate, the most likely risk is that the tenants will move out.

To go back to our example, if a third of the tenants move out of the building, then its gross income will go down to $60,000. But the building’s many expenses will most likely remain steady, making its net income $32,900. Assuming that the building’s value hasn’t changed, suddenly its cap rate is $60,000/$400,000, or 8.2%.

There are also factors having to do with the property itself. Even when well maintained, buildings break down and wear out over time. That adds to the operating costs and diminishes the net income of the property. It also affects the value of the underlying asset that the investor owns.

Some risk factors that investors should consider include the age, location, and condition of the property. At the same time, investors should think about what type of property they’re buying — whether it’s a single or multifamily home, industrial, office, or retail property. They should also consider how the type of property could be affected by outside influences. For instance, retail and hotel owners saw their cap rates fall significantly when the coronavirus pandemic reduced business for their industry.

There are also unknowns, such as inflation, which could make some of the investor’s expenses higher but also potentially allow them to increase the rent. Digging deeper, investors buying an established property may want to do some homework on the current tenants’ financial status, as well as their history of paying rent on time.

Investors should also look at the terms of the current leases that they’ll be inheriting when they take over the property. At the same time, investors should take a larger view of the macroeconomic factors affecting the property, its location, and its tenants, and consider the potential opportunity costs associated with tying up a portion of their portfolio in an investment property.

Recommended: The Pros and Cons of Owning a Rental Property

The Takeaway

The cap rate formula provides investors with a valuable measure when evaluating the opportunity presented by a property investment. Cap rate can help them gauge how long it might take to recoup their investment.

But cap rate is just one measure investors should look at when considering a property. The age, location, and condition of the property are important, as is the current lease situation. Potential real estate investors should do thorough research.

That said, overall, real estate investment may be one way to diversify a portfolio, since real estate returns typically do not correlate to the returns of stocks and bonds.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.


Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.

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An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.
SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Aug
10
2023
Investing in the EV Market (Beyond Just Tesla)

How to Invest in EV Stocks

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on How to Invest in EV Stocks

Electric vehicles (EV) have become increasingly popular since the first Tesla (TSLA) Roadster hit the highways in 2008. And as the technology matures, many investors see opportunity. The EV market has expanded well beyond Tesla to become a core strategy for automakers worldwide.

The explosion of the EVs has also created new downstream technologies, such as new batteries, charging stations, and other infrastructure.

The History of Electric Vehicles

The concept of a battery-powered automobile goes back to the 1800s. But gasoline-powered cars, including the Ford (F) Model T gasoline-powered were cheaper, and won over drivers for all of the 20th century. The tide began to turn toward the end of the 20th century, as a result of heightened environmental concerns from both drivers and the federal government.

The government encouraged the development and purchase of EVs by instituting a series of generous tax breaks. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 offered drivers tax credits for new plug-in electric vehicles. The American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 also had provisions calling for the improved infrastructure for EVs.

In 2011, President Barack Obama set a goal for the United States to have a million electric vehicles on the road by 2015, and pledged $2.4 billion in federal grants to pay for the development of new EVs and batteries. Subsequent tax breaks and grants over the next five years further increased the government’s investment in EVs, as well as the related technologies and infrastructure.

That windfall supported the research and development of companies like Tesla, which took in an estimated $2.4 billion via 109 separate government grants. Tesla used that money to create eye-popping, technologically advanced cars, as well as new battery technology that increased their horsepower and their range. Drivers clamored for the new vehicle, and Tesla’s stock boomed — going from $86 at the end of 2019 to $705 by the end of 2020. As of mid-July 2023, Tesla stock was $281.38.

This incredible success story has both institutional and retail investors looking for the next Tesla, as more drivers shift to EVs and companies dedicate resources to building them.

EV investment may be more of a long-term play, rather than a day trading strategy, since it can take up to five years for automakers to design, produce, and bring to market an electric vehicle. They’re also still generally more expensive than gasoline-powered vehicles and prices may need to fall further before widespread adoption occurs. Still, President Biden announced a goal of having 50% of new vehicles electric-powered by 2030.


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EV Stocks: Automakers Who Could Challenge Tesla

Tesla is a clear leader in the EV market. It has the brand name and the incredible sales figures, plus it only makes EVs. While Tesla made a large splash in the auto industry, that industry has massive resources with which to respond, and they’re spending billions in capital expenditures to catch up.

Here are just a few major competitors who could be strong EV investments in the future.

Volkswagen

The world’s largest automaker, Volkswagen (VLKAF), which also owns the Audi and Porsche brands, sold 572,100 EVs in 2022, an increase of 26% from the year before. And Volkswagen has big plans for the EV space. The company says that by 2030, every second car the Volkswagen Group delivers is expected to be all electric.

Ford

Ford is investing $50 billion globally in electric vehicles through 2026. It plans to manufacture 600,000 EVs by the end of 2023, and 2 million by 2026. In 2022, Ford was the number two EV brand in the U.S.

General Motors

Big Detroit competitor GM (GM) is going all in on EVs, publicly stating that it’s “on its way to an all-electric future.” GM also announced that it will invest $35 billion in EVs and autonomous vehicles by 2025.

Honda

In Japan, Honda Motor Co. (HMC) announced that it would invest at least $40 billion through 2030 in order to make EV and hybrid vehicles 40% of its sales. It’s worth noting that the company is also working with GM to bring two new EVs to market in 2024.

Toyota

Toyota (TM) has been more cautious about EVs. However, in 2023, the automaker announced that it would significantly boost EV production, including 1.5 million EV sales annually by 2026, and introduce 10 new models in the U.S. and China. Toyota also said it would invest an additional $7.5 billion in EV development and production by the end of 2030.

NIO

A pure-play EV manufacturer based in China, NIO (NIO) is small, but growing. In June 2023, the company announced that it had gotten $738.5 billion in capital from a fund owned by the government of Abu Dhabi. NIO has eight EVs on its advanced EV platform known as NIO Technology 2.0. The company plans to double its EV sales in 2023.

Apple

There are also persistent rumors that Apple (AAPL) has been working on an electric vehicle since 2014. In late 2022, there were reports that the launch of the EV might come in 2026. Given the company’s deep pockets, brand reputation, and its history of game-changing design, it could make a giant splash when and if it does launch its first EV.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Downstream Technologies

Electric car companies aren’t the only way to invest in EV technology. Having so many new EVs on the road also opens up new investment opportunities from EV battery stocks to charging stations.

For one thing, drivers will have to charge their vehicles somewhere. And those investors will have some help from the federal government, with President Joseph Biden publicly committing to building a national network of 500,000 charging stations by 2030, including a $5 billion initiative to build charging stations on major highways from coast to coast.

Blink Charging

One charging station investment is Blink Charging (BLNK), which already has thousands of its EV chargers up and running across the United States. Its chargers are typically located near airports, hotels and healthcare facilities, where it rents space from the host locations.

ChargePoint

ChargePoint (CHPT) has been in business since 2007, and made a splash in 2017, when it took over General Electric’s 9,800 electric vehicle charging spots. It now manages more than 174,000 charging stations around the world. It also boasts a large patent portfolio.

Royal Dutch Shell

Oil company Royal Dutch Shell (RDS.A) may even deserve a look, as it plans to have around 200,000 EV charging stations globally by 2030.

Recommended: How and Why to Invest in Oil

SPACs

Because it is such a fast-growing field, there are also a number of shell companies and special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) devoted to companies that create and manage EV-charging technology.

Recommended: A Guide to High-Risk Stocks

The Takeaway

As the automotive industry transforms, there are a host of new opportunities for major companies, new startups — and also for investors. To consider investing in EV companies you’ll need to do your own research to decide which stocks fit into your portfolio strategy. You can also get exposure to electric vehicles without investing in individual stocks by investing in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds that focus on EVs.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Photo credit: iStock/EXTREME-PHOTOGRAPHER

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Aug
10
2023
What Is the US Dollar Index?

What Is the US Dollar Index?

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on What Is the US Dollar Index?

The U.S. dollar index, also called the USDX, tracks the value of the dollar compared with six major world currencies — specifically those of the United States’ most significant trading partners.

The USDX fluctuates based on the exchange rates that the dollar maintains with those currencies. Investors and traders use the USDX as a quick way to track the relative value of the dollar and to manage potential currency risks in their portfolio.

There are also several futures and options strategies trading on the New York Board of Trade that allow sophisticated investors to bet that the USDX will go up or down. For investors who want to hedge their currency risks, or just speculate, they can invest in the U.S. dollar index through mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), or options.

How the US Dollar Index Is Calculated

Currently, the U.S. dollar index is calculated using the exchange rates of six currencies: the Euro (EUR), the Japanese yen (JPY), the Canadian dollar (CAD), the British pound (GBP), the Swedish krona (SEK), and the Swiss franc (CHF). Given that 19 countries in the European Union use the euro, EUR is the most significant component of the index, representing 57.6% of the basket.

By contrast the yen comprises 13.6% of the index, followed by the British pound (11.9%), the Canadian dollar (9.1%), the Swedish krona (4.2%), and finally the Swiss franc (3.6%).

The U.S. dollar has long been considered the world’s reserve currency, and the index tracks where five of those six currencies stood in relation to the U.S. dollar in 1973 (the euro was added to the index in 1999). At its inception, the U.S. dollar index was set at 100. When the index is over 100, then the dollar is considered strong, and it may be considered weak depending on how far below 100 it falls.

The strength or weakness of a dollar impacts many aspects of the economy. A weak dollar increases the prices that companies pay for globally traded commodities, which contributes to inflation by raising the prices consumers pay for everyday items. A strong dollar makes the goods produced in the U.S. more expensive to overseas consumers, and can hurt exports over time.


💡 Quick Tip: Investment fees are assessed in different ways, including trading costs, account management fees, and possibly broker commissions. When you set up an investment account, be sure to get the exact breakdown of your “all-in costs” so you know what you’re paying.

The History of the US Dollar Index

When World War II ended in 1945, the United States found itself in a position of unusual strength. Like many countries, the U.S. had suffered enormous casualties, yet its industries, cities, and overall economy had survived the war more or less intact. So it was that in July of 1944, over 700 delegates from 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, NH, to create a roadmap for a more efficient foreign exchange system that would help establish a resilient post-war global economy.

The Bretton Woods Agreement that emerged from this historic conference created a system whereby gold became the basis for the U.S. dollar, and other currencies were pegged to the value of the dollar. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were also established as a result of Bretton Woods.

The new global currency system included a promise from the participating countries that their central banks would establish fixed exchange rates between their own currencies and the U.S. dollar. Each agreed that if their currency weakened, they would order their central bank to buy up the currency until its value stabilized relative to the dollar. And if their currency grew too strong compared with the dollar, their central bank would issue more currency until the value dropped and its relationship with the dollar stabilized.

The terms of the Bretton Woods Agreement were so far-reaching that it took until 1958 to be fully implemented. Still, the decision to keep the dollar pegged to gold proved challenging for the U.S. In 1971, when the gold owned by the U.S. government could no longer cover the number of dollars in circulation, President Richard M. Nixon was forced to reduce the dollar’s value relative to gold. The Bretton Woods System collapsed in 1973.

With the end of the Bretton Woods System, countries and their central banks took a wide range of approaches to how they valued their currency. After 1973, each country’s currency had its own value, adjusted through trade, government interventions, and the policies of central banks. To track the value of the dollar against this backdrop of currency valuations, the U.S. dollar index came into being.

When it launched, it had a base of 100, representing the dollar’s value versus the currencies of its major trading partners. Since then, the index has fluctuated relative to that base. Over the last five years, for example, the U.S. dollar index reached a high of 102.39 on December 1, 2016, and a low of 89.13 on January 1, 2018. The value of the index is considered a fair indication of the dollar’s position in global markets. And investors can also use it to trade.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

How to Trade the US Dollar Index

Investors who want to bet on the rise or fall of the dollar’s value, or who simply want to hedge it as part of a broader strategy, can trade the U.S. dollar index the same way they trade an equity index like the S&P 500. The U.S. dollar index is popular among foreign exchange (FX) traders who don’t have the time or resources to monitor the movements between the dollar and the other currencies in the index.

Anyone who tracks global trade will notice that two major currencies are missing from the index: Neither the Chinese yuan (CNY) or the Mexican peso (MXN) are in the USDX. Historically the USDX has only been adjusted once since its inception — in 1999 when the euro was added, and certain of the currencies the euro had replaced were then removed from the index. Still, it’s likely that at some point the USDX could be adjusted a second time to include CNY and MXN, given their status as significant trading partners with the United States.

Investing with SoFi

Most investors know that a bond index or equity index is typically comprised of many constituent companies; similarly, the U.S. dollar index is comprised of six global currencies. It tracks the value of the dollar relative to those currencies, and fluctuates based on the exchange rates that the dollar maintains with those currencies. You can use the USDX as a way to track the relative value of the dollar, to manage potential currency risks in a portfolio, and to trade.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

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SoFi Invest®

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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Aug
10
2023

The Effects of Lifestyle Creep and Ways to Manage It

By | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, Life & Career, money, Terminology | Comments Off on The Effects of Lifestyle Creep and Ways to Manage It

Have you noticed that as you earn more, you may not seem to have more in terms of growing your wealth, including your retirement account or that fund for the down payment on a house?

You might be experiencing lifestyle creep, which means that as you earn more, you spend more. It may well be human nature that, when you get a salary hike, you decide to splash out on a fancier car lease, a bigger home, or a luxurious vacation.

However, your spending may actually be outpacing your salary and even ringing up more credit card debt.

That’s lifestyle creep in action: Spending on “fun” non-essentials instead of putting that money to work for a more stable financial future. Learn more about it and how to rein it in while still enjoying the things money can buy.

What Is Lifestyle Creep?

Lifestyle creep can be a common phenomenon experienced as one progresses through their career. Lifestyle creep, sometimes known as lifestyle inflation, is the process by which discretionary expenses increase as disposable income increases.

Disposable income is income that isn’t already budgeted for necessities like housing, transportation, and food.

It could include anything from concert tickets to morning lattes to book buying sprees — basically anything that is likely to fall more into a “want” category rather than something strictly “needed.”

Lifestyle creep can put you squarely behind the 8-ball when it comes to getting out of debt, saving for retirement, or meeting other big financial goals. And it’s one reason people can’t escape the vortex of living paycheck-to-paycheck.

It might seem counterintuitive at first, but here’s a simplified example using a clothing budget. If you make $100 a month and set aside 5% for a shopping allowance, that’s $5 a month. If you earn a promotion at work and are now making $150 a month, that 5% now equates to $7.50 a month.

Lifestyle creep happens when you up your clothes budget to match the percentage, instead of putting the extra $2.50 toward savings or investments. Over time, those numbers can add up. And earning more isn’t all fun and games. It can also mean more expenses, and larger retirement goals.

💡 Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.

What Causes Lifestyle Creep?

Graduating from the penny-pinching college life to your first full-time job is only one instance that can trigger lifestyle creep. It also can happen with any type of bump in cash flow that’s not part of your monthly budget, such as a raise, bonus, tax refund, gift, or winning a scratch-off ticket.

There are also psychological factors at play here, including the sometimes compulsive urge to keep up with the Joneses.

And before you blow it off as just envy with a lack of willpower, consider this: One examination of a lottery winner’s effect on the neighborhood found that the larger reward the lucky gambler collected, the more likely their neighbors were to incur more debt and even file for bankruptcy.

Say what?!

The social pressure to keep up with the consumption habits of family and friends, even when it’s conspicuous, can cause real and serious financial stress.

Social media can make matters even worse, with studies showing that post envy could be causing people to live beyond their means just so their feeds can reflect their acquaintances’.

But how do you resist the urge to upgrade your 2010-era sedan when your neighbor rolls up in a shiny new SUV? The answers might be simple on paper, but switching your mindset from “Should I spend this on a shopping spree or a vacation?” to “Should I put this money into savings or invest it?” can be easier said than done.

Discerning Needs Versus Wants

It’s normal to want to celebrate a new raise, but to avoid lifestyle creep, it can be important to make sure not to celebrate with something that will increase costs to the point of making the raise irrelevant.

For example, a person gets a raise that increases their income by $200 a month and then immediately trades in a fully paid-off car for a newer, fancier car (want), which results in a $300 monthly car payment.

Not only is the raise spent, but the amount of money available each month has also actually diminished. Sure, that person might have a car worthy of bragging about, but they may not be any healthier financially, even though they’re making more money.

On the other hand, for someone scraping by month to month, there might not be much of a choice but to fund some lifestyle upgrades with a raise. Lifestyle creep is not always a bad thing for someone working on being financially independent and secure.

Using the same example of the $200 monthly raise above, the recipient of the raise uses that money to buy a car needed to get to work to replace a lengthy public transportation commute each day, or perhaps invests in a professional development class to gain career advancement.

Either of those decisions might be perfectly worthwhile lifestyle changes that someone might be happy to pay for with a new raise. After all, part of financial wellness is investing in oneself when possible to achieve goals.

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Tips for Avoiding Lifestyle Creep

Giving every extra penny of a cash windfall to a credit-card company doesn’t sound like much fun. But just knowing that lifestyle creep exists, and recognizing it in your own life, can put you ahead of the game when it comes to making better decisions with your money.

Here are a few possible ways you can avoid lifestyle creep while still enjoying the good things in life.

Celebrating Small

If you earn a raise, you should absolutely celebrate — especially if it’s higher than the average 2.9%. But to outsmart lifestyle creep, you may want to take a deep breath and resist the urge to run to the store for that expensive thing you’ve had your eye on. (What would Marie Kondo do?) Instead, consider a small way to congratulate yourself, like a dinner with friends.

Creating a Budget

One way to avoid lifestyle creep may be to give all income a job to do. Yep, that extra $200 a month shouldn’t just be chilling in a checking account with no purpose, like a freeloading cousin camping out on the couch.

Letting that extra money hang out in the checking account too long with nothing to do might lead to unplanned spending on a weekend trip or that budget-busting espresso maker that would be a tempting purchase. Putting that money to work might allow protection against impulse spending.

What exactly is “putting money to work”? It all comes down to budgeting. But don’t panic — gone are the days of lengthy kitchen-table sessions with bills and statements fanned out and calculations done by hand.

With the advent of online banking, most people are likely equipped with everything needed to make a budget right on your phone or computer.

Don’t have a basic budget already? Getting a raise can be a great time to crunch the numbers and be financially stable and responsible with that money. If there’s already a budget in place, a new raise is a great time to reconfigure the budget to make sure it still ticks all the financial boxes.

Avoiding Mindless Spending

Mindless or pointless spending might happen when there is unexpected extra cash sitting in the bank account. Much like the itch to spend that crisp, new $20 bill included in a childhood birthday card, there may be psychological and emotional temptation to spend money in the bank account without considering whether or not those new, modern table lamps or that brand new gaming system is really needed.

Casually buying unnecessary items could indicate compulsive or impulsive spending. This in turn could mean missing an opportunity to put money to work for the future, sustainably upgrading a lifestyle by planning ahead for financial growth.

Tracking Your Spending

When it comes to managing money, one question you don’t want to ask yourself is “Where did that money go?” Losing track of expenses could not only lead to a blown budget, but also overdraft fees, returned checks, or other unnecessary fees that could put you even further behind.

If you really struggle with this one, there’s an app for that. A large number of them, as a matter of fact. SoFi, for example, lets you see all of your accounts in one place to help you categorize and track your spending, set goals, and look for ways to streamline. It also can serve as the central hub for automatic payments to your bills, savings, and investment accounts.

Turn on the Auto-Pilot

One of the easiest ways to ensure that you’re only spending what’s in the budget is to automate as many payments and contributions as possible. After all, money you don’t have is a lot easier to not spend.

This strategy can start at work. If you get a raise, you might elect to increase your 401(k) contribution (or start one if you haven’t yet). And while it means that your take-home pay may not change, your retirement account can painlessly grow.

You also can automate bill payments and savings and investment contributions, all with the intention of getting the money out of your tempted hands ASAP.

Outlining Clear Goals

What’s your endgame? Do you want to retire early with a million dollars or more in the bank? Is owning a home a part of your plan? One key to avoiding lifestyle creep is to set long-term financial goals and keep your eye on the prize.

Two financial goals that can be beneficial to almost everyone include growing a short-term emergency fund and longer-term savings plan. But from there, the sky’s the limit and your goals are entirely up to you.

Avoiding New Debt

This might seem like a no-brainer, but you aren’t likely to get out of debt if you keep adding new debt to the pile. A recent report revealed that consumers are willing to spend up to 83% more using a credit card than they would with cash.

Ditching the credit cards is entirely possible — your parents and grandparents lived without them every day. Modern credit cards weren’t introduced in the U.S. until around 1958, which means that Boomers and their parents were raised on the philosophy that if you can’t afford it right now in full, you wait until you can.

And as the old saying goes, they turned out just fine.

Getting Your Head in the Game

Lifestyle creep likely isn’t impossible to reverse, but one could argue that the further you’ve allowed yourself to fall into the luxury lifestyle, the harder it could be to pull yourself out.

One way to get your head in the game is to make lists, starting with your needs (electricity) vs. wants (electric car.) From there, you could prioritize your “wants” and start to cut from the bottom.

Are there things in your life that just exist because they can? Consider eliminating them completely, or finding crafty ways to keep them around in more affordable ways, such as shopping consignment vs. retail or eating lunch out one day a week vs. all five.

And the jealousy that can mess with your head? All that glitters isn’t gold.

Choosing Your Friends Wisely

Peer pressure is a powerful motivator, but the perceived wealth of your friends, neighbors and acquaintances can be a far cry from the actual state of their finances.

If you seem to find yourself in situations where there’s pressure to overspend, including kids sports activities, nights out on the town, or an invite to a destination wedding, you may want to consider finding a circle of friends who share the same financial goals as you.

After all, it’s a lot easier to say “Let’s just cook at home to save money” to a friend who won’t pressure you to try the trendy new restaurant in town.

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re faced with debt and wondering which kind to pay off first, it can be smart to prioritize high-interest debt first. For many people, this means their credit card debt, so try to eliminate that ASAP.

Spending a Raise

So what exactly should someone do with extra money after a raise? Paying more into a retirement account, paying off debts, or just putting some extra dollars towards a specific savings goal are some approaches to take.

A checking and savings account might be one helpful way to manage a raise and stay on top of a budget.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.20% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.20% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

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Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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