A Guide to Financial Securities Licenses

A Guide to Financial Securities Licenses

Before someone can sell securities or offer financial advice they must first obtain the appropriate securities license. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is the organization that sets the requirements, oversees the process for earning an investments license, and administers most of the tests.

If you’re considering a career in the financial services industry it’s important to understand how securities licensing and registration works. Investors may also benefit from understanding what the various FINRA licenses signify when selecting an advisor.

Key Points

•   Securities licenses are required for individuals to sell securities and offer financial advice.

•   The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) sets the requirements and administers most of the tests for earning securities licenses.

•   Different licenses allow financial professionals to offer a range of financial products and services to clients.

•   The North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) is responsible for licensing investment advisor firms and enforcing state securities law.

•   Some common FINRA licenses include Series 6, Series 7, Series 3, Series 63, Series 65, and Series 66, each with its own specific focus and requirements.

What Is a Securities License and Who Needs Them?

A securities license is a license that allows financial professionals to sell securities and/or offer financial advice. The type of license someone holds can determine the range of financial products and services they have authorization to offer to clients. Someone who holds one or more securities or investments licenses is a registered financial professional.

FINRA is the non-governmental agency responsible for overseeing the activities of registered financial professionals. That includes individuals who hold FINRA licenses to sell securities or offer advisory services. Individual investors do not need a license to buy and sell stocks.

Recommended: How to Start Investing in Stocks: A Beginner’s Guide

Under FINRA rules, anyone who’s associated with a brokerage firm and engages in that firm’s securities business must have a license.

Some specific examples of individuals who might need to have a license from FINRA include:

•   Registered Investment Advisors (RIAs)

•   Financial advisors who want to sell mutual funds, annuities, and other investment packages on a commission-basis

•   Investment bankers

•   Fee-only financial advisors who only charge for the services they provide

•   Stockbrokers and commodities or futures traders

•   Advisors who oversee separately managed accounts

•   Individuals who want to play an advisory or consulting role in mergers and acquisitions

•   IPO underwriters

The North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) represents state securities regulators in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. This organization is responsible for licensing investment advisor firms and securities firms at the state level, registering certain securities offered to investors, and enforcing state securities law.

Types of FINRA Licenses

FINRA offers a number of different securities licenses. If you’re considering a career in securities trading, it’s important to understand which one or ones you might need. The appropriate license will depend on the type of securities that you want to sell, how you’ll get paid, and what (if any) other services you’ll provide to your clients.

Here’s a rundown of some of the most common FINRA licenses, what they’re used for and how to obtain one:

Series 6

FINRA offers the Series 6 Investment Company and Variable Contracts Products Representative Exam for individuals who work for investment companies and sell variable contracts products. The types of products you can sell while holding this securities license include:

•   Mutual funds (closed-end funds on the initial offering only)

•   Variable annuities

•   Variable life insurance

•   Unit investment trusts (UITs)

•   Municipal fund securities, including 529 plans

Obtaining this FINRA license requires you to also pass the introductory Securities Industry Essentials (SIE) exam. This 75-question exam tests your basic knowledge of the securities industry. FINRA offers a practice test online to help you study for the SIE. You can also watch a tutorial to learn how the 50-question Series 6 exam works.

Beyond those options you may consider investing in a paid Series 6 study prep course. Series 6 courses can help you familiarize yourself with the various variable products you can sell with this license and industry best practices. You’ll need to obtain a score of at least 70 to pass both the SIE and the Series 6 exam.

Series 7

People who see stocks and other securities must take the Series 7 General Securities Representative Exam. A Series 7 investments license is typically needed to sell:

•   Public offerings and/or private placements of corporate securities (i.e. stocks and bonds)

•   Rights

•   Stock warrants

•   Mutual funds

•   Money market funds

•   Unit investment trusts

•   Exchange-traded funds (ETFs)

•   Real estate investment trusts (REITs)

•   Options on mortgage-backed securities

•   Government securities

•   Repos and certificates of accrual on government securities

•   Direct participation programs

•   Venture capital

•   Municipal securities

•   Hedge funds

This securities license offers the widest range, in terms of what you can sell.

You’ll need to take and pass the SIE to obtain a Series 7 exam. The Series 7 exam has 125 questions in a multiple choice format and 72% is a passing score. FINRA offers a content outline you can review to get a feel for what’s included on the exam. You may also benefit from taking a study course that covers the various securities you’re authorized to sell with the Series 7 license as well as the ethical and legal responsibilities the license conveys.

Series 3

Investment professionals can earn the Series 3 license by completing the Series 3 National Commodities Futures Exam. This test focuses on the knowledge necessary to sell commodities futures. This is a National Futures Association (NFA) exam administered by FINRA. It has 120 multiple choice questions, with 70% considered a passing score.

You have to pass the Series 3 license exam to join the National Futures Association. In terms of what’s included in the exam and how to study for it, the test is divided into these subjects:

•   Futures trading theory and basic functions terminology

•   Futures margins, options premiums, price limits, futures settlements, delivery, exercise and assignment

•   Types of orders

•   Hedging strategies

•   Spread trading strategies

•   Option hedging

•   Regulatory requirements

Neither FINRA nor the NFA offer detailed study guides or practice tests for the Series 3 securities license. But you can purchase study prep materials online.

💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Series 63

The Series 63 Uniform Securities Agent State Law Exam is an NASAA exam administered by FINRA. The test has 60 questions, of which you’ll need to get at least 43 correct in order to pass with a score of 72%.

You’ll need this license if you also hold a Series 6 or Series 7 license and you want to sell securities in any state. The NASAA offers a downloadable study guide that offers an overview of what’s included on the Series 63 securities license exam. Topics include:

•   Regulation of investment advisors

•   Regulation of broker-dealers

•   Regulation of securities and issuers

•   Communication with customers and prospects

•   Ethical practices

Beyond that, the NASAA offers a list of suggested vendors for purchasing Series 63 exam study materials. But it doesn’t specifically endorse any of these vendors or their products for individuals who plan to obtain a Series 63 license.

Series 65

The Series 65 Uniform Investment Adviser Law Exam is another NASAA test that’s administered by FINRA. Holding this license allows you to offer services as a financial planner or a financial advisor on a fee-only basis. The exam has 130 multiple choice questions and you’ll need to get at least 92 questions correct to pass.

As with the Series 63 exam, the NASAA offers a study guide for the Series 65 exam that outlines key topics. Some of the things you’ll need to be knowledgeable about include:

•   Basic economic concepts and terminology

•   Characteristics of various investment vehicles, such as government securities and asset-backed securities

•   Client investment recommendations and strategies

•   Regulatory and ethical guidelines

You can review a list of approved vendors for Series 65 study materials on the NASAA website.

Series 66

The Series 66 Uniform Combined State Law Exam is the third NASAA exam administered by FINRA. Financial professionals who want to qualify as both securities agents and investment adviser representatives take this test.

This multiple choice exam has 100 questions and you’ll need a score of 73 correct or higher to pass. If you already hold a Series 7 license, which is a co-requisite, you could choose to take the Series 66 exam in place of the Series 63 and Series 65 exams.

The study guide and the scope of what the Series 66 exam covers is similar to the Series 65 exam. So if you hold a Series 65 license already, you may have little difficulty in studying and preparing for the Series 66 exam.

The Takeaway

Earning a securities license could help to further your career if you’re interested in the financial services industry. Knowing which license you need and how to qualify for it is an important first step.

Fortunately, you don’t need to hold a FINRA license to invest for yourself. For instance, you could do some research and work at building a diversified portfolio.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.


Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/jacoblund

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

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Financial Planning Tips for Freelancers

Managing Your Money as a Freelancer

In this era of the Gig Economy, side hustles, and entrepreneurship, many people are freelancers. Working this way can offer flexibility and unlimited earning potential, but it can also bring a learning curve when it comes to managing your money. Financial planning for freelancers means knowing how to handle things like tracking income and expenses, planning for taxes, and investing for retirement.

Mastering freelance money management can take some time and focus, but it’s a worthwhile pursuit if it helps you to achieve your financial goals. The better you understand how to manage finances as a freelancer, the easier it can be to get ahead.

To help get on the right path, read on to learn, among other topics:

•   Why financial planning is important for freelancers

•   How to create a budget as a freelancer

•   How to track cash flow

•   How to separate business and personal expenses

What Is a Freelancer?

A freelancer is someone who gets paid to complete work on a per-job basis. Freelancers are independent contractors, not employees. A freelancer can work with multiple clients on a contract basis, performing a variety of tasks.

Why does understanding this definition matter for freelance money management? It’s important because freelancers are not entitled to the same financial perks as hourly or salaried employees.

As a freelancer, you’re responsible for handling things like retirement planning, health insurance, and taxes yourself. You also won’t have paid vacations and holidays the way employees do, which may factor into your cash flow and money management planning.

Why Financial Planning Is Important

What is financial planning? Financial planning is the process of creating a plan for managing your money. A financial plan can include both short-term and long-term goals and the steps you’ll need to take to achieve them. For example, your financial plan might include a strategy for paying off student loans or saving money toward a down payment on a home.

Financial planning for freelancers is important because you’re in charge of deciding what happens with your money. Learning how to manage finances as a freelancer can help you to:

•   Create a workable budget, even if you have irregular income

•   Formulate a plan for saving for retirement

•   Stay on top of your tax obligations

•   Streamline expenses so you can avoid debt

•   Plan for emergencies or unexpected costs

Planning can be a pathway to good financial health. And it’s an opportunity to develop positive habits and improve your money mindset, both of which can benefit you throughout your freelance career.

11 Tips for Financially Planning as a Freelancer

If you’re new to freelance money management, you may not know where to start or what you even need to be doing. Having a blueprint to follow can make it easier to develop a workable plan for managing money. Here are some essential steps to include in your financial plan if you have a freelance mindset.

1. Having and Maintaining a Budget

A budget is a plan for spending the money you make each month. If you want to be better with money as a freelancer, then creating and sticking to a budget is non-negotiable. It will help you both understand and optimize your finances.

When making a freelancer budget, start with income first. If your income is irregular, it can help to create an average as your baseline. So you’d add up all the money you made from freelancing over the past 12 months, for instance, then divide by 12 to arrive at a monthly average income.

You can then plan out your expenses (more on that in a minute), using that average as your baseline. You’ll tally how much money flows out for necessities every month, and see how much profit you are making.

When you have higher-income months, you can stash extra money in a savings account to help cover expenses in months when income is lower. You’ll also want to put money towards an emergency fund and retirement (more details below).

2. Giving Yourself a Consistent Paycheck

When you freelance, there’s no such thing as a weekly or biweekly paycheck. Instead, you might get paid on different dates each month, depending on how your clients handle payments.

That can lead to uncertainty about when to pay bills. You can avoid that issue by giving yourself a consistent paycheck on a regular schedule. So you might pay yourself a set amount on the 1st and 15th of each month, for example.

To do that, you might need to set aside enough money to cover one month’s worth of bills in your checking account first. That way, you can pay yourself according to the schedule you set without having to worry about overdrawing your bank account.

3. Keeping Track of Your Expenses

Tracking expenses is central to managing money better as a freelancer, especially if you’re worried about going over budget. It’s important to keep tabs on both your personal expenses and your business expenses so you know how much you’re spending each month. When adding up your business expenses, be thorough: Do you rent an office? If so, don’t forget about the electrical bill and any cleaning services as expenses.

Also track the costs of legal fees, insurance, website hosting and any online advertising you may do. Some of these charges can be billed annually, and you may lose sight of them since they don’t recur.

Keeping up with business spending also matters from a tax perspective. There are a number of tax deductible expenses for freelancers that can help to reduce your tax bill.

For example, you might be able to write off marketing expenses if you maintain a website for your business or claim an office at home tax deduction. Having a paper trail to back up those deductions is important in case the IRS targets you for an audit.

4. Timing Your Freelance Projects

Staying booked and busy is every freelancer’s dream since no work means no income. Timing your freelance projects can help to keep your income and cash flow consistent, so that you’re not struggling to stay on top of the bills. For example, if you’re a freelance writer, you might set deadlines to allow yourself enough time to invoice for your work (and get paid) before certain bills come due.

There’s another dimension to timing to consider as well. It’s important to think about how much time it will take to complete a project when setting rates. Underestimating the amount of time involved could cause you to shortchange yourself when quoting rates to clients. A good rule of thumb is to assume that any project will take 20% to 50% longer than you think it will. Then base your rates on that higher number.

5. Paying Down Your Debt

Debt can be a stumbling block to getting ahead financially as a freelancer. If you have student loans, a credit card balance, or other debt, it’s to your advantage to create a plan for paying off your debt as quickly as possible.

If your income is irregular, your budget should be designed to ensure that your most important living expenses are paid first. You can then decide how much room you have left in your budget to commit to debt repayment.

Also, consider ways to make your debt less expensive. Refinancing student loans, for example, may help you to get a lower rate and monthly payment, if you qualify for them, which can ease budget strain. You might also consolidate credit card debt with a better APR (annual percentage rate) credit card or even a rate of 0% with a balance-transfer offer. This can help you save on interest, which could make it easier to pay off your debt.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

6. Separating Business and Personal Expenses

Keeping business and personal spending separate is a good idea for a few reasons. It makes it easier to create budgets for personal expenses and business expenses, so you know what you’re spending on each one. And you may encounter fewer headaches at tax time when trying to claim freelance tax deductions if business expenses are separate.

Opening a business bank account is a simple way to separate your spending each month. You can link it to your personal checking account in order to pay yourself your regular paycheck. You may also consider opening a separate business credit card to cover freelancing expenses if you can afford to pay the bill in full each month and avoid interest charges.

7. Investing in Insurance

As a freelancer, you don’t have access to employer-sponsored health insurance. So if you want to get covered, you’ll need to purchase a policy yourself. Self-employed individuals, including freelancers, can buy health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace.

When comparing health insurance plans, pay attention to:

•   Premiums

•   Deductibles

•   Copays and coinsurance

•   Coverage limits

You may also consider applying for health insurance through Medicaid if you have little to no income or financial resources. Eligibility for Medicaid is based on your income, household size, and assets. You can apply through your local department of social services.

In addition to health insurance, you may also want to look into insurance for your business. Liability insurance, for example, can protect you against claims arising from copyright infringement, libel, or defamation. That type of insurance can come in handy if you’re sued.

8. Having an Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is money that you set aside for unexpected expenses; say, a major car repair or medical bill. As a freelancer, an emergency fund can be invaluable if your work assignments dry up or you get sick and are unable to work temporarily.

In terms of how much to save for emergencies, three to six months’ worth of expenses is a commonly-used rule of thumb. But you might want to double or even triple that amount if your freelance income is irregular or you’re worried about a sustained client drought.

Recommended: Ready to build your emergency fund? Use our emergency fund calculator to determine the right amount.

Keeping your emergency fund in an online savings account is an option to consider. The annual percentage yield (APY) tends to be higher than what bricks-and-mortar banks offer. Online savings accounts may also charge fewer fees than traditional savings accounts.

9. Accounting for Taxes

Freelancing means you don’t have an employer taking out taxes from your paychecks. So you’ll have to handle taxes yourself.

Generally speaking, the IRS requires you to file an annual tax return and pay estimated quarterly taxes if you expect to owe $1,000 or more for the year. Quarterly taxes are essentially an advance payment against the amount of tax you’ll likely owe for the year.

Estimated taxes are due four times a year, typically:

•   April 15 (1st payment)

•   June 15 (2nd payment)

•   September 15 (3rd payment)

•   January 15 of the following year (4th payment)

Failing to make those payments on time can trigger penalties. If your state collects income tax, you’ll also need to make estimated payments to your state revenue agency.

You can use an online tax calculator to gauge how much you’ll need to pay for estimated taxes each quarter. It may be helpful to set up a separate business checking account or savings account to hold the money for those payments. As your clients pay invoices, you can allocate part of each payment to your tax account.

If filing taxes as a freelancer seems overwhelming, consider talking to an accountant or another tax professional who can help you figure out how much to set aside for taxes and how to maximize deductions in order to lower your tax bill. You may be surprised to learn about some business tax credits you didn’t know about.

10. Investing Your Money

Investing is key to building wealth since it allows you to take advantage of the power of compounding returns. If you already have an emergency fund in place, the next step in freelance money managing is creating an investment portfolio.

You can start with a retirement account if you don’t already have one. Freelancers can use traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP IRAs, and solo 401(k) plans to save for retirement. Each of these plans can offer a tax-advantaged way to save for the future. You can supplement your retirement savings with investments in a taxable brokerage account if you choose.

When investing as a freelancer, consider your risk tolerance and how much you have to invest, based on your budget. You may need to start with a small monthly amount, but you could build on that over time. The most important thing is to start saving and investing for the future.

11. Taking Advantage of Resources

Financial planning as a freelancer can be easier when you have the right tools and resources. For instance, some of the things you might consider incorporating into your plan include:

•   Budgeting apps

•   Tax management apps

•   Online bank accounts for freelancers

•   Investment apps

You can also search online for resources to help with things like insurance and tax planning.

Managing Finances With SoFi

Between managing deadlines, tracking invoices, and keeping up with client needs, freelancing can be demanding. Finding ways to simplify money management as a freelancer, including opening the right bank account, can save you valuable time and money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How is freelancing paid?

Freelancers can get paid in a number of ways, depending on their clients’ preferences. For example, clients can send payments through PayPal, Stripe, direct deposit, or paper checks. When negotiating a freelance contract with a new client, it’s important to understand how and when you’ll be paid for the work you perform. In some professions, it can be typical for clients to take 30 days or longer to pay invoices.

Do you need insurance if you are a part-time freelancer?

If you freelance part-time while working a full-time job, you may be covered by a policy from your main employer. But if you have no insurance coverage at all, it could make sense to buy a policy for yourself through the healthcare marketplace. You may also want to look into buying separate liability insurance for your business.

What are some good freelancer jobs?

There are lots of ways to make money as a freelancer. Some of the highest-paying freelance gigs can include copywriting, graphic design, and editing. There are also a variety of freelance jobs that may be desirable because you can set your own hours, such as driving an Uber.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/StefaNikolic

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

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*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Financial Checkup?

What Is a Financial Checkup?

A financial checkup is a process in which you thoroughly review your finances and how you are tracking against your goals. It’s similar to an annual visit with your doctor to help ensure that you’re maintaining good physical health.

A financial checkup can be an important step in achieving financial wellness, which means meeting your money obligations today and also funding your future goals. Regular financial checkups can help you see how well you’re doing. What’s more, they give you the opportunity to pinpoint where you might be able to improve your money management strategy.

If you’ve never done a personal financial checkup before, fear not. Getting started is easier than you might think.

Key Points

•   A financial checkup involves a thorough review of personal finances, assessing budget, expenses, assets, and debt to gauge financial health.

•   The process can include examining credit reports and retirement savings to ensure progress towards financial goals.

•   Evaluating emergency savings and insurance needs can be a key step to securing financial stability.

•   Regular financial checkups help eliminate bad spending habits and clarify budgeting.

•   These checkups instill financial discipline and encourage consistent saving, essential for financial wellness.

What Is a Financial Checkup?

A financial checkup is a thorough review of your personal finances. It’s similar to getting a health checkup from a doctor, only instead of checking your blood pressure and other vitals, you’re measuring your financial stats. For example, some of the things you might review as part of a financial check include your:

•   Monthly budget and expenses

•   Assets, ranging from money in a savings account to equity in a home

•   Debt situation and repayment strategy

•   Credit reports and scores

•   Retirement savings

•   Emergency savings

•   College planning, if you have kids

•   Insurance needs and coverage

Those are all things that can go along with setting up a financial plan. What is a financial plan? It’s a strategy for managing your money in order to reach your personal money goals. You can complete a financial checkup and financial plan yourself or do so with the help of a professional financial advisor.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Why Are Financial Checkups Important?

A financial health checkup can help you establish where you are with your money, where you’d like to be financially, and what steps you need to take to get there. Completing regular personal financial checkups can guide you to improve your financial health as you work toward your goals.

For instance, money checkups could help you to:

•   Get clarity around budgeting and expenses

•   Eliminate bad spending habits so you don’t overdraft your checking account

•   Define your short- and long-term financial goals

•   Instill a sense of financial discipline as you work toward those goals

•   Develop a habit of saving consistently

•   Create an actionable plan for paying off debt

•   Form a workable strategy for retirement savings

•   Fine-tune your investment goals

Taking those kinds of actions can get you on the path to living your personal definition of financial freedom. That might mean retiring early, for instance, or finding ways to create passive income so you can live a lifestyle that isn’t job-dependent.

Skipping regular financial checkups can make it more difficult to do those kinds of things and put your financial security in danger. The simple reason: You’re oblivious to how you’re managing your money.

Key Steps to Take for a Financial Checkup

Money checkups can help you move ahead with achieving financial security, but what do you actually include in one? How often do you need to perform a financial checkup? And do you need to get help from a professional financial advisor? Here’s a closer look.

•   Frequency: In terms of frequency, it may be a good idea to consider a personal financial check at least once a year. For example, you might schedule it for the beginning of January. That way, you can review the previous year and set goals for the upcoming year. Quarterly checkups may be a better option if you’d like to get smaller snapshots of your finances throughout the year.

•   Hiring a financial advisor: Whether you hire an advisor for a financial checkup is entirely up to you. An advisor can offer an extra set of eyes to review your finances but it’s important to know what you’ll pay for that help. The average financial advisor cost is around 1% of the assets they manage annually. However, some financial institutions provide access to professional advisors for free. It’s worth doing a bit of research to see what might be available.

Ready to start your financial health checkup? Here’s a simple checklist you can follow.

Take Your Financial Vital Signs

Getting some numbers down on paper can be a good way to start your financial checkup. Looking at certain metrics for the last 12 months can give you some perspective on where you are financially. Here are some of the most important measurements to take:

•   Your monthly income and expenses

•   How much you have saved for emergencies

•   What you’re carrying in total debt

•   Debt-to-income ratio (i.e., how much of your income goes to debt repayment)

•   Your credit scores

•   How much you’ve invested for retirement

•   What percentage of your income you’re saving monthly

Along with looking at specific numbers, it can also be helpful to ask some basic questions to gauge your financial health. For example, you might ask yourself:

•   How many months did I stick to my budget vs. going over budget?

•   Have I bounced any checks or overdrafted my bank account this year?

•   Was I late paying any bills in the past 12 months?

•   Did I reach any savings goals or fall short of any goals?

•   Did my overall debt load increase or decrease?

•   How well did my investments perform?

The purpose of looking at numbers first and asking these kinds of questions is to establish your financial baseline. You can then move on to the next steps to take a deeper dive into your money situation.

Review Your Budget

Making a budget is usually at the top of the list of personal finance basics for beginners. A budget is a plan for spending the income that you have each month. The basic elements of a budget include:

•   Fixed expenses, such as housing

•   Variable expenses, which need to be paid monthly but their amounts may change (such as food costs)

•   Discretionary expenses or the “wants” in your budget

•   Income

•   Debt repayment

•   Savings

You might also include taxes as its own budget category if you’re self-employed. In this situation, you will need to set aside money regularly to pay estimated tax bills.

If you’re doing a financial checkup for the last 12 months, it can be helpful to look at what’s changed in your variable and discretionary expenses. For example, are you paying more for utilities than you were 12 months ago? Has your grocery bill increased? Is a bigger chunk of your budget going to “fun” things like hobbies, entertainment, or recreation?

Analyzing individual budget categories can help you pinpoint money leaks or areas where you might be able to cut back on spending. It’s also a good opportunity to review what you’re paying for cell phone service, internet, or car insurance to see if it’s worth switching to a cheaper provider.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

Check Your Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is money that you save for unplanned or unexpected expenses. Emergency savings is meant to be separate from money you save for sinking funds or for various short- and long-term financial goals.

If you have an emergency fund, check the balance to see how much cash you have on hand for rainy days. How much should you have in an emergency fund? An often-cited rule of thumb dictates saving three to six months’ worth of expenses for emergencies. If your savings balance is below that amount, you might go back to your budget to see where you might be able to find extra money to set aside.

Also, consider where you’re keeping your emergency fund. Ideally, that money should be somewhere that’s easily accessible in case a true emergency comes along. But you might also be interested in earning a great interest rate in the meantime.

If you’re keeping your emergency fund in a traditional savings account at a regular bank, you might consider upgrading to a high-yield savings account instead in order to snag a higher rate. Online banks may be a good option for finding one with a competitive interest rate.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Factor in Life Changes

Life changes can affect your financial plans in different ways. Losing a job, for instance, can shrink your income. Getting married might increase your household income if you’re both working. Having a child, changing jobs, moving, buying a home, and starting a business are other situations that can impact your financial outlook.

If you’ve been through any of these life changes in the past year, consider what that might mean for things like budgeting, saving, and expenses. It’s also important to review your tax situation.

Getting married, for instance, means a change to your tax filing status. Having a child can open the door for added tax breaks. And starting a new business can bring additional tax obligations, such as estimated quarterly tax payments. Those are all things that could increase your tax bill year to year. It’s therefore important to consider where they fit in during your financial checkup.

Recommended: Getting Back on Track After Going Over Budget

Review Your Investment and Retirement Goals

Investing can be key to building wealth over the long-term. You can invest inside of a tax-advantaged plan, such as a 401(k) or individual retirement account (IRA), or through a taxable brokerage account. As part of your financial health check, it’s helpful to know:

•   Where your money is invested (i.e., taxable vs. tax-advantaged accounts)

•   How your portfolio is diversified across different asset classes

•   How those assets have performed over the last year

•   What you’re paying in investment fees

•   How your risk tolerance or tax situation has changed over the past year

•   Whether you’re on track with retirement saving.

Reviewing those things can give you an idea of whether you’re on the right track with your investments. For example, if you’re 30 years old and want to retire at 50 with $1 million, but you only have $10,000 invested, that’s a clear sign that you’ve got a lot of work left to do.

Using online investment calculators and retirement calculators can help you to figure out how closely you’re keeping up with your goals. And if you don’t have an investment account yet, you may want to consider setting up an IRA online and a taxable brokerage account so you can start growing wealth.

The Takeaway

A financial checkup is a smart way to keep tabs on your money and your financial health. It will give you the opportunity to make course corrections and can aid you with overcoming personal financial challenges. If you’re struggling with credit card debt, for example, then a periodic financial checkup can help you to figure out a strategy for paying down your balances while streamlining your expenses so you’re less reliant on plastic. It can also help you highlight ways you are succeeding financially and inspire you to keep going and keep your money growing.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How often should you do a financial checkup?

Completing a financial checkup at least once a year can be a good way to see whether you’re on track with your goals and where you might be able to improve. If you’d like to check in with your money more often, you might schedule quarterly financial checkups instead.

How do you do a financial health checkup?

A financial health checkup starts with gathering information about your income, expenses, debt, and savings. From there, you can review your financial progress and goals to determine what steps to take next with your money.

What does financial wellness include?

Financial wellness means being able to manage your current money obligations with ease while also being able to look ahead to the future. Someone who has achieved financial wellness generally has stable income, a firm grip on their expenses, a dedicated savings habit, and little to no “bad” debt. Another component is looking forward and tracking well for future financial goals, like retirement.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



Photo credit: iStock/Bilgehan Tuzcu

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Tips for Spotting a Fake Money Order

A money order can be a convenient way to make payments or receive funds, but fake ones are out there, perhaps without the usual watermarks or in too high denominations. These fraudulent paper documents can leave you vulnerable to being scammed.

Knowing how to tell if a money order is real can protect you against financial losses. Read on to learn how to spot a fake money order.

Key Points

•   Fake money orders often lack watermarks, have incorrect amounts, or show signs of tampering.

•   Verifying authenticity of money orders involves checking serial numbers and consulting the issuer to confirm legitimacy.

•   Accepting fake money orders can lead to financial loss and legal issues, underscoring the need for caution.

•   Reporting money order scams to the issuing entity and your bank is crucial to prevent further fraud.

•   Protecting yourself involves avoiding money orders from strangers and verifying payment methods before acceptance.

Common Money Order Scams

First, a quick refresher on what a money order is. It’s a common way to pay for things when you can’t or don’t want to write a check, use a debit card, or pay cash. When someone purchases a money order, they’re getting a financial instrument that the recipient can cash or deposit just like a check.

Typical places to buy money orders include financial institutions, U.S. Post Office branches, Western Union and similar businesses, and major retailers (such as Walmart). Money orders are usually only available in denominations up to $1,000, and the fee to get one is usually just a dollar or two.

Money orders are often used by scammers as a means of fleecing unsuspecting victims out of their money. Some scams are obvious but others are more subtle in nature. Here, some specifics:

•   Fake buyers. Scammers may target people who are selling items on Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, or other online forums by making a purchase and sending payment via money order. However, the money order is a fake, and by the time the seller deposits it into their bank account and learns the truth, the scammer has made off with their item.

•   Fake sellers. It’s also possible to fall prey to a money order scam if you’re trying to purchase something online. The seller, who appears legitimate, may ask you to send payment via money order while sending you a tracking number for the item you purchased. When the item arrives, however, you’re left holding nothing but an empty box while the scammer has cashed the money order and disappeared. Or worse, nothing ever arrives at all.

•   Refund scams. Another common money order scam involves buyers who purchase something from you, mail a fake money order, and then say they’ve changed their minds. They ask you to refund the amount of the money order and send it back to them via wire transfer or through a person-to-person payment app. Meanwhile, you try to deposit the money order when it arrives, only to find out it’s a fake and you’ve lost money.

•   Overpayment scams. One money order scam involves a buyer paying you for something via money order, only the amount is more than the purchase price. They’ll say they made a mistake and ask you to refund the difference. You do so, then find out later that you’ve been paid with a counterfeit money order. You are out the amount you refunded the buyer.

•   Deposit scams. Scammers may try to take advantage of your goodwill by offering you a money order in exchange for cash. They might claim they don’t have a bank account to deposit the money order into and you agree, thinking you’re doing someone a favor. However, you end up losing money when your bank refuses to accept the fake money order.

Recommended: Can You Purchase a Money Order With a Credit Card?

Tips for Spotting a Counterfeit Money Order

Fake money orders may not be easily recognizable at first or even second glance. Taking a close look at the money order can help you identify some clues that may suggest it’s a fake. Here’s what to look for to detect counterfeit money orders.

•   Watermarks. If you’re trying to cash a postal money order, the lack of watermarks is a sign that it’s a fake. The Postal Service includes a series of repeating watermarks on its money orders. If those are missing, you might have a counterfeit money order on your hands.

•   Dollar amounts. Check if the dollar amount matches the amount that the money order is supposed to be for. Are there any signs that someone has tried to erase or write over the dollar amounts or add an extra zero or two? Those can indicate attempted tampering or forgery.

•   Money order limits. Domestic postal money orders cannot exceed $1,000; the same is usually true for Western Union money orders within the U.S. International postal money orders cannot be more than $700. If you receive a money order that exceeds the allowed limit, then it’s likely a fake.

•   Discoloration. Any discoloration or what looks like an ink bleed could suggest that someone has tried to alter the money order in some way or that they’ve printed it themselves, which would make it a fake.

Worth noting: While the U.S. Postal Service is a popular place to get money orders, keep in mind that options are available. Money orders obtained through other sources typically deploy different measures to prevent tampering or duplication, which may include watermarks or security strips. You can familiarize yourself with them via their websites or customer service to help detect a falsified money order.

Recommended: 10 Personal Finance Basics

Tips to Verify a Real Money Order

If you receive a money order as payment, here are some steps you can take to ensure it’s not a fake before trying to cash or deposit it.

•   Examine the money order. As mentioned, there are several physical indicators that can tip you off to fake money orders. Once you receive a money order, give it a thorough examination to see if there’s anything that hints that it might be a fake. How to spot a fake money order can involve looking for discoloration, watermarks, and the like.

•   Check the serial number. Money orders are issued with a unique serial number. If you’d like to make sure a money order is real, you can call the customer service number that’s listed on it to double-check that the serial number is legit.

•   Take it to the issuer. Another option for verifying that a money order is real is to take it back to where it was issued. That might mean visiting a post office or calling their verification line at 866-459-7822. Or you might go to a Western Union location or a branch of the bank from which it was issued, or you could try phoning. Someone who works at one of these locations should be able to determine whether the money order is authentic.

•   Wait it out. If someone gives you a money order as payment, you could deposit it into your checking account and wait for it to clear. In the meantime, you would not want to spend any of the funds from the money order, nor would you want to send any money back to the other person until your bank has verified it and made the funds available to you.

You might try one or all of these methods to prove that a money order isn’t a fake. If you send payment to someone else via a money order, it’s also a good idea to keep your receipt so you have a means of tracking it. That could help you avoid any issues later if the person you sent the money order to claims they never received it.

What Happens If You Accept a Fake Money Order?

Accepting a fake money order or any other type of fake check can lead to unintended financial consequences. Here’s what can happen if you try to deposit a counterfeit money order to your bank account:

•   You won’t receive any of the funds the sender promised to you.

•   If funds are deposited, you’ll be responsible for paying the money back to your bank.

•   The bank may charge you a returned item fee for the deposited money order, meaning it cannot be processed.

•   Should you make purchases against the money order amount and the deposit is later reversed, you may be charged overdraft fees if the reversal leaves your account balance in the red.

There is a possibility that you could also get into legal trouble if the bank believes that you knowingly deposited a fake money order. In a worst-case scenario, you may be charged with bank fraud or money laundering, both of which could result in jail time and fines if convicted.

Recommended: 7 Money Management Tips

Ways to Report a Money Order Scam

If you believe you’ve been scammed by someone using a money order, it’s important to report it to try and minimize any financial damage. How you report a money order scam can depend on which entity issued the money order.

•   In the case of postal money orders, to report fraud, call the U.S. Postal Service’s hotline at 800-372-8347.

•   For Western Union money orders, you’d need to get in touch online or by phone; their number is 800-448-1492.

With bank-issued money orders, you could call or visit a branch of the bank. You’ll also want to let your bank know that you’ve received and deposited what you believe is a fake money order. That can prevent the bank from attempting to honor the money order and potentially triggering bank fees for you when it fails to clear.

Tips to Protect Yourself From Being Scammed

Money order scams continue to make the rounds, but that doesn’t mean you have to get taken in. Taking steps to protect yourself can help you avoid potentially costly scams.

•   Avoid accepting money orders from strangers or anyone who isn’t a trusted sender.

•   Ask for alternative forms of payment, such as a wire transfer or person-to-person payment.

•   When sending money orders to others, first verify the identity of the recipient to make sure they’re legit.

•   Look for signs of forgery or tampering if you receive a money order from someone as payment.

•   Attempt to verify a money order before depositing it to a bank account.

Finally, it’s important to trust your gut. If something feels off to you or you’re buying something with a money order, and the deal seems too good to be true, it probably is.

The Takeaway

Money orders can be a convenient way to pay, but they can also leave you vulnerable to scammers. You can attempt to verify money orders before depositing them, using such techniques as checking for watermarks on U.S. Postal Service money orders and looking for signs of tampering with the amount. If you have a bank account, you might consider using other ways to pay bills or send funds to eliminate the odds of being hit by a money order scam.

Looking for a secure home for your money, one that makes transferring funds easy?

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Can you file a complaint about a fake money order with your bank?

If you receive a fake money order and deposit it into your bank account, it’s a good idea to let the bank know as soon as possible. While you could complain to the bank, there may be nothing the bank can do about the scammer, but your actions might help you avoid, say, overdraft fees. You could also report fake money orders to the issuing entity, such as the postal service or Western Union.

Do scammers get your information if you fall victim?

Most financial scams involve the exchange of information. For example, a scammer might ask for your name and address so they can purchase a money order to send to you. Other scams may attempt to gain direct access to your bank account. When buying or selling online, it’s important to use caution, protect your sensitive personal and financial information, and keep it out of the hands of scammers.

What is the most common tell of a fake money order?

A lack of watermarks is usually a sign that a money order is a fake, as most issuers include them as a security measure, most notably the U.S. Postal Service. Other red flags include smudged ink, numbers that don’t match up to the amount the money order is supposed to be, and signs of physical alteration or damage.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



photocredits: iStock/Diy13
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Can You Use Your 529 to Pay Off College Loan Debt?

A 529 plan is a type of savings account that can help pay for college and other education expenses. If you’re among the more than 43 million Americans who have student loan debt, you might be wondering, can I use a 529 to pay student loans?

While money from a 529 plan can be put toward student loan debt, there are funding limits and other requirements to keep in mind. Read on to learn about how to maximize your 529 plan, plus other student loan repayment strategies to consider.

Key Points

•   A 529 plan can be used to help pay off a beneficiary’s student loan debt.

•   These plans can also be used to help pay for student loans of a beneficiary’s siblings or parents, as long as the account is transferred to them.

•   There is a maximum $10,000 lifetime limit per beneficiary for using 529 funds for student loan repayment.

•   Additionally, up to $35,000 in unused 529 plan funds can be rolled over to a Roth IRA to help borrowers save for retirement, with some restrictions.

•   Besides using 529 funds, borrowers can also pay off student loan debt by making interest-only payments while still in school, signing up for automatic payments, or with student loan refinancing.

Understanding 529 Plans and Their Uses

Going to college in the U.S. is expensive — four years at a private university is approximately $234,512, and four years at an in-state public university is $108,584, according to 2025 data from the Education Data Initiative. To help families cover rising higher education costs, in 1996 Congress enacted Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, which established federal tax rules for 529 college plans.

Parents, grandparents, and students can open a 529 plan to help build college savings for themselves or a designated beneficiary. There are two types of 529 college savings plans: prepaid tuition plans and education savings plans.

The contributions and investments grow tax-free with either plan option, but there are some key differences. Prepaid tuition plans are typically offered by public colleges and allow in-state students to prepay tuition and fees at today’s rates. Education savings plans represent the majority of 529 college plans, as the funds can be used at any accredited school.

Families can deposit a maximum amount that ranges from $235,000 to $575,000 into these tax-advantaged investment accounts, depending on their state’s 529 contribution limits. Contributions aren’t eligible for a federal income tax deduction, but some states offer state income tax deductions.

Money withdrawn from a 529 college savings plan to pay for qualified educational expenses is tax exempt. This includes the following education-related costs:

•   Tuition and fees for college, graduate, or vocational school

•   Books and school supplies

•   Room and board

•   Special needs services and equipment

•   Computers, internet access, and software related to school work

•   Tuition and fees for elementary or secondary school (capped at $10,000 per year)

•   Student loan payments

If funds from a 529 plan are used for nonqualified expenses, those withdrawals are subject to taxes and a 10% federal tax penalty.

If a family has other children who are planning to pursue higher education, it’s possible to transfer a 529 college savings plan with unused funds to another beneficiary.

Recommended: Refinance Health Care Student Loans

The SECURE Act and 529 Plans for Student Loan Repayment

Originally, 529 plans were limited to paying for higher education costs. But thanks to the Setting Every Community Up for Retirement Enhancement (SECURE) Act of 2019, 529 plans can now be used to pay for student loans — a maximum of $10,000 for a beneficiary. The lifetime limit per beneficiary applies regardless of whether a family has multiple 529 plans.

However, you can use a 529 account to pay student loans for other family members. The SECURE Act allows an additional $10,000 to be withdrawn from a 529 college savings plan to repay student loans for each of the beneficiary’s siblings. That means a family with three children could withdraw a maximum of $30,000 to pay off student loan debt.

Keep in mind that the plan holder is unable to claim any tax deductions for student loan interest paid with money from the 529 plan.

In addition to student loan repayment, the SECURE Act also lets plan holders roll over extra 529 funds into a Roth IRA retirement account. This helps borrowers jumpstart retirement savings, which might otherwise be delayed by student loan repayment. The lifetime limit for converting 529 funds is $35,000, and annual conversions cannot exceed the IRA contribution limit. Additionally, the 529 account must be open for at least 15 years to qualify for Roth IRA conversion.

Who Qualifies to Use a 529 for Student Loans?

The designated beneficiary of a 529 plan can use funds in the account to pay their student loans. Both federal student loans and private student loans qualify under the SECURE Act.

In addition, 529 funds can also be allocated to repaying student loans for a beneficiary’s siblings or even their parents. Because 529 plans can be transferred between beneficiaries, it’s possible to make a parent the designated beneficiary if they are still paying off student loans.

This can be helpful to parents who may have outstanding student loan debt from their own education or from financing or refinancing their child’s college expenses, such as with a Parent PLUS refinance loan.

Each beneficiary can pay a maximum of $10,000 of student loan debt using money in a 529.

Pros and Cons of Using a 529 for Student Loan Payments

A 529 savings plan is primarily a tool to save for education-related expenses, such as tuition, fees, and room and board. If you choose to use these funds for student loan payments, there are some advantages and drawbacks to keep in mind.

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Pros:

•   Beneficiaries can repay up to $10,000 in student loans by using funds in a 529.

•   Siblings and parents of a beneficiary can use up to $10,000 of 529 funds to repay student loans, provided that the account is transferred to them as a beneficiary.

•   529 plans can be used to pay off student loans that are for nonqualified expenses, such as health care or transportation costs.

•   Up to $35,000 in any leftover funds can be rolled into a Roth IRA retirement account.

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Cons:

•   A 529 may carry management fees, which can reduce overall savings.

•   There is a lifetime limit of $10,000 per beneficiary to repay student loans.

•   Remaining funds that can’t be rolled into a Roth IRA or transferred are subject to a 529 withdrawal penalty and a 10% federal tax penalty on any earnings.

Recommended: Law & MBA Refinancing

Alternative Ways to Pay Off Student Loan Debt Without a 529

For those who don’t have a 529 or don’t have funds left in their account to put toward student loan debt, there are several other student loan repayment strategies to consider.

•   Make interest-only payments while you’re in school on student loans for which interest accrues, such as federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans.

•   Pay down your student loan principal by making additional payments. Doing this may help reduce the amount of interest you owe over the life of the loan. (Check first for any prepayment penalties your loan might have.)

•   Set up automatic payment on your student loans. Federal Direct Loan holders may be eligible for a 0.25% discount when they sign up for automatic payments, and some private student loan lenders offer a similar discount.

•   Consider student loan refinancing. Refinancing with a private lender involves taking out a new loan to pay off your existing loan. The new loan comes with a new interest rate, loan term, and monthly payment. Ideally, you may be able to qualify for a lower interest rate or more favorable loan terms.

•   Just be aware that if you refinance federal loans, they are no longer eligible for federal benefits or protections. Also, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term. Weigh the pros and cons of refinancing to determine if it makes sense for you.

The Takeaway

Thanks to the SECURE Act of 2019, beneficiaries of 529 plans can withdraw up to $10,000 to pay toward their own student loan debt or that of their siblings or parents. The $10,000 maximum is a lifetime limit per beneficiary.

Other ways to repay student loan debt include making interest-only payments on unsubsidized loans while you’re still in school, signing up for automatic payments, and student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can you use a 529 plan to pay private student loans?

Yes, you can use a 529 plan to pay up to $10,000 in private student loan debt for the designated beneficiary of the plan, as well as each of their siblings.

Is using a 529 plan for student loan repayments tax-free?

Using a 529 plan for student loan repayments is tax-free as long as the withdrawals don’t exceed the lifetime limit of $10,000 per beneficiary.

What is the lifetime limit on 529 student loan repayments?

The lifetime limit on 529 student loan repayments is $10,000 per beneficiary — even if a beneficiary has more than one 529 plan.

Can parents use their 529 savings to pay off their own student loans?

Yes, parents can use a 529 to pay off their own student loan debt, up to a limit of $10,000, if they are named beneficiary on the account. A 529 plan can be transferred between beneficiaries (from child to parent, for instance) to use remaining funds.

Are there penalties for misusing 529 funds?

If 529 funds are not used for qualified education-related expenses, an individual could face a 10% penalty on the earnings accrued on the withdrawal, plus federal income tax.


photo credit: iStock/Dobrila Vignjevic
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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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