Ultimate Guide to Hot Issue IPOs

Hot Issues (IPOs): What You Need to Know

A hot issue IPO refers to an initial public offering (IPO) that has generated large-scale public interest. A hot issue is usually accompanied by high volatility, investor excitement, and price run-ups on the first few days of trading.

Hot issues are often talked about in the media for weeks, if not months, in advance of the actual IPO. The resulting excitement attracts all types of investors, ranging from long-term investors, who believe in the potential of the firm, to short-term speculators who want to flip the shares for quick profits.

This can easily lead to wide swings in value that can result in big gains for some and substantial losses for unsuspecting investors.

Key Points

•   A hot issue IPO is an initial public offering that’s generated large-scale public interest.

•   High volatility, investor excitement, and price run-ups usually accompany hot issues on the first few days of trading.

•   A hot issue starts like an ordinary IPO, with the company filing a form S-1 with the SEC and holding an investor roadshow.

•   High trading volume on hot issues can result in extreme volatility and an initial spike in prices.

•   Investors should be careful when considering hot issues and wait for the volatility to subside before investing.

What Is a Hot Issue?

A hot issue is any IPO that generates high demand among investors. Hot issues tend to occur more frequently among hot new tech companies, during economic expansions, when investors are on the prowl for the next “disruptor.”

Investor excitement for hot issue IPOs can be generated during the investor roadshow, or enhanced by media coverage in the months leading up to the IPO date.

Hot issues are characterized by extreme price volatility during the first days of trading. New investors should be cautious when considering hot issues, as large price run-ups may or may not be reflective of the firm’s actual fundamentals. And, as experienced investors know, all the hype in the world still can’t predict the performance of any stock.

💡 Quick Tip: IPO stocks can get a lot of media hype. But savvy investors know that where there’s buzz there can also be higher-than-warranted valuations. IPO shares might spike or plunge (or both), so investing in IPOs may not be suitable for investors with short time horizons.

How a Hot Issue Works

A hot issue starts off like an ordinary IPO, or initial public offering. The company that wishes to initiate an IPO process contracts with an underwriter, or team of underwriters (underwriting syndicate), to take stock of its existing business and market its shares to the public.

The company starts by filing a form S-1, which registers the firm’s new shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and is required for all new domestic issuers who wish to offer shares for sale to the public.

The issuing company and its underwriters will then embark on an investor roadshow which usually takes place over several months. During this process, they will meet with and present to various institutional investors across the country.

Roadshows are intended to market the shares and generate additional enthusiasm for buying the IPO stock. These occur well in advance of the actual pricing date and are another opportunity to introduce the firm and its management to the public.

Recommended: What Is an IPO Underwriter?

Pricing Hot Issue Shares

Once the new issue is ready to price, the underwriters will size the issue and price the shares at a level that they think will generate high demand for the shares.

Generally there will be a limited number of shares available to trade for new issues, as the actual number of shares issued will be sized around the new firm’s corporate financing needs — raising capital being the primary reason companies go public.

Limiting the supply of shares can drum up excitement for the stock, however most issuers typically have shares in reserve in case the IPO ends up being significantly oversubscribed.

The IPO underwriters then take pre-orders for the stock and resize/reprice the issue based on the investor interest. Once the shares are sold, they are transferred to institutional investor accounts, based on the allocations made through their order book.

The institutional investors typically turn around and flip the IPO shares on the market for large profits, but in some instances may hold onto the new shares, depending on their needs.


💡 Quick Tip: If you’re opening a brokerage account for the first time, consider starting with an amount of money you’re prepared to lose. Investing always includes the risk of loss, and until you’ve gained some experience, it’s probably wise to start small.

High Trading-Volume Impact

High trading volume on hot issues result in high volatility and often an initial spike in prices during the first few trading days, particularly if the shares were multiple times oversubscribed.

If the share price spikes quickly on the first day and falls off in the following days or weeks, this could signal an artificially low IPO price or high speculator demand.

Due to the initial feeding frenzy around hot issue IPOs, they’re popular targets for speculators who wish to flip shares for a quick profit, often within the same day.

If long-term investors are interested in a particular hot issue, it may be prudent for them to step back and wait for the volatility to subside before initiating their own position, particularly in times of high market volatility.

The Takeaway

While it’s easy to get drawn into the excitement surrounding a hot issue IPO, investors should be careful in the first few days of trading, as initial volatility may lead to large losses.

It sometimes pays to wait a few days, or even weeks, for the initial trading volume to subside and for share prices to settle at stable levels.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

What is a hot issue stock?

A hot issue stock is a new initial public offering that has garnered widespread attention among the investing public.

Hot issue stocks are typically characterized by being oversubscribed and typically trade at a significant premium above the offering price once shares hit the aftermarket.

What is an issue in an IPO?

An issue in an IPO is when a private firm goes public for the first time via the initial public offering process. This involves offering its shares for sale to the investing public.

What are hot shares?

Hot shares can be any stock that is highly in demand with investors. These usually involve new issue stocks that have run-up in price, but can involve any stock that has seen heavy bullish price action.


Photo credit: iStock/Yasuko Inoue

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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IPO Pop & IPO Trends

What Is an IPO Pop?

An IPO pop occurs after a company goes public, when its stock price jumps higher on the first day of trading.

No matter how much preparation they’ve done, company executives and shareholders never really know how a stock will perform once it hits the market through its initial public offering (IPO).

While they of course hope to see some increase in price, a big spike — or IPO pop — could indicate that the underwriters underpriced the IPO.

Key Points

•   An IPO pop occurs when a company’s stock spikes on its first day of trading and may indicate that underwriters didn’t properly price retail investor demand into the IPO price.

•   In 2021, IPOs saw increases of 40% on average on the first trading day, but in the second quarter, companies were pricing below their expected ranges.

•   Direct listings are an alternative to IPOs that may help avoid an IPO pop, but they aren’t as efficient at raising capital.

•   Buying IPO stocks can be profitable, but it’s important to research the company before investing and to consider broad market trends.

•   IPO pops are relatively common, and larger companies tend to have larger pops since they are in high demand.

IPO Pop Defined

An IPO pop occurs when a company’s stock spikes on its first day of trading. An IPO pop may be a sign that underwriters did not properly price retail investor demand into the IPO price.

For instance, if a company prices its shares at $47 in its IPO and the price goes to $48 or $50, that would be considered a normal and positive IPO increase. But if the stock jumped to $60, both the company and its early investors might believe an error occurred in the IPO pricing.

This is one of the reasons that IPO shares are considered highly risky. In many cases, historically, that initial price jump hasn’t lasted, and investors who bought on the way up have taken a hit on the way down.

Recommended: What Is an IPO?

Problems Indicated by an IPO Pop

Many different factors go into pricing an IPO, including revenue, private investment amounts, public and institutional interest in investing. IPO underwriters try to find a share price that institutional investors will buy.

If the public thinks a company’s shares are more valuable than what early investors, underwriters, and executives thought, that means the company could have raised more money, increasing their own profit. Or they could have raised the same amount of money but with less dilution.

Also, when bankers price an IPO too low, that means their customers benefit — while company founders and VCs miss out on more profits.

If the share price soars on the first day, some investors will be happy, but it means the company could have raised more money if they had priced the stock higher from the start. It also means that existing investors could have given up a smaller percentage of their ownership for the same price.


💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

IPO Trends

In the past, some companies have seen significant IPO pops occur on their first trading day. But in many cases the market cooled down after the first quarter, with some high-profile companies seeing declines on their first day.

Take 2021 as an example; in that year there were a record number of IPOs in the market.

In the first quarter of 2021 many companies were pricing their IPOs at the top of their expected range, due to increased demand, an improving economy, and a strong stock market. Even after that, IPOs still saw increases of 40% on average on the first trading day.

But in the second quarter, companies were pricing below their expected ranges and some weren’t even reaching those prices on the first trading day. This made the public less eager to buy into IPOs. This type of volatility is common to IPOs, and another reason why investors should be cautious when investing in them.

There was also a boom in special-purpose acquisition corporations (SPACs), IPOs of shell companies that go public with the sole purpose of acquiring other companies.


💡 Quick Tip: Access to IPO shares before they trade on public exchanges has usually been available only to large institutional investors. That’s changing now, and some brokerages offer pre-listing IPO investing to qualified investors.

Direct Listings

Some companies have turned to direct listings as a way to try to avoid an IPO pop. In a direct listing, the company doesn’t have an IPO, they just list their stock and it starts trading in the market. There is a reference price set by a market maker for the stock in a direct listing, but it isn’t nearly as important as the price of a stock in an IPO. Although this can help avoid an IPO pop, it is not as efficient as an IPO as a means of raising capital.

Setting a price for an IPO is a key part of that fundraising strategy. A newer strategy companies are trying is raising a large amount of private capital just before going public, and then doing a direct listing instead of an IPO. The process gives a valuation to the stock price but in a different way from pricing shares for an IPO.

A third strategy is to direct list, and then do a fundraising round some time after the listing, giving the public a chance to establish the market price for the stock.

Do IPOs Usually Go Up or Down?

Although stocks increase an average of 18.4% on their first day of trading, 31% of IPOs decrease when they start to trade. Calculations of IPO profits show that almost 50% of IPOs decrease from their day-one trading price on their second day of trading. While IPO investing may seem like a great investment opportunity, IPOs remain a risky and unpredictable asset class.

Average IPO First Day Return

IPO pops are relatively common. Sometimes average first day returns increase significantly, such as during the dot-com bubble when the average pop was 60%. Larger companies generally have larger pops, since they are in high demand.

Determining the Right IPOs to Invest In

Buying IPO stocks can be profitable, but it also has risks. Just because a company is well known or there is a lot of publicity around its IPO doesn’t mean the IPO will be profitable. As with any investment, it’s important to research the market and each company before deciding to invest.

It’s also important to be patient and flexible, as individual investors don’t always have the ability to trade IPO shares. Or investors may have access at some point after the actual IPO. In addition, IPO shares can be limited.

If you’re interested in upcoming IPOs, it’s important to keep in mind that IPOs increase in price on the first day but quickly decrease again, and almost a third of IPOs decrease on their first listing day. Popular IPOs are more likely to increase, but they are also crowded with investors, so investors might not see their orders fulfilled.

When investing in IPOs through your brokerage account, it’s important to look at broad market trends in addition to individual company fundamentals. When the market is strong, IPOs tend to perform better. Also, when high-profile companies have unsuccessful IPOs, investors may become more wary about investing in upcoming IPOs.

Each sector has different trends and averages. Generally tech companies have higher first day returns than other types of companies, even though they’re also often unprofitable. Investors still want in on these IPOs because they may have strong future earnings potential.

Historically, some of the most successful tech stocks started out with negative earnings, so low earnings are not a strong indicator of future success or failure.

The Takeaway

As exciting as an IPO pop can be, it’s another example of how hard it is for individual investors to time the market. First, there’s no way to predict if a newly minted stock will have a spike after the IPO. Sometimes there is a pop and then the price plunges. This is one reason why IPOs are considered high-risk events.

Investors who find IPOs compelling may want to assess company fundamentals and other market conditions before investing in IPO stock.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.


Photo credit: iStock/Olemedia

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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cash in woman's pocket

What Is FOMO Spending?

FOMO spending stands for “fear of missing out,” meaning you are dropping dollars to keep up with what others are doing. That might mean anything from trying the skincare product a favorite celeb swears by to dining at the super-pricey new omakase place all your friends are raving about or even signing your toddler up for an enrichment class because your neighbor says it’s a fab headstart.

The fear of missing out can change how many people relate to their cash. It can trigger impulsive and compulsive spending and lead to “splashing out” on things they never had any intention of purchasing. In other words, it can motivate them to live (too) large and wind up with pricey credit card debt and little progress towards their savings goals.

If you’re wondering how to stop FOMO spending, know this: It doesn’t mean subsisting on ramen and never traveling. It does mean being mindful and meaningful so you don’t get caught up in trying to match what your free-spending friends may do. Here, you’ll learn more about FOMO spending and how not to overdo it.

Wait, Back Up—What Is FOMO?

FOMO, or Fear Of Missing Out, is a feeling of anxiety someone might experience about not being part of an event that is happening, usually triggered these days by seeing social media posts from friends enjoying an activity (from a Taylor Swift concert to a holiday in Croatia) and wishing you were part of the fun. While it’s certainly true that businesses employ FOMO tactics to get you to buy things, it’s not just a sales strategy.

Nick Hobson Ph.D., says “While the fear of missing out has always been there, the explosion of social media has launched our young people headfirst into the FOMO experience.”

For many people, social media can be their main community lifeline, and having the impression that you are not part of the “in” group is enough to trigger a stress response like FOMO.

FOMO Spending Definition

So how is FOMO spending defined? It’s when a fear of missing out propels you to spend money (perhaps too much money) to feel as if you are part of the crowd and keeping up with your peers.

Examples could be feeling as if two far-flung vacations a year are must-haves because that’s what your coworkers do. Or perhaps it means plunking down four figures on a designer bag because all your friends have one. At a smaller scale, it could mean joining the other moms every morning after drop-off for a fancy latte. It’s all part of feeling as if you’re on the same level as your peers…and it all can add up.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to save more, spend smarter? Let your bank manage the basics. It’s surprisingly easy, and secure, when you open an online bank account.

FOMO Spending to Keep Up with Peers

How widespread is FOMO spending? One recent study found that almost 40% of more than 1,000 Americans ages 18 to 34 said they have gone into debt just to keep up with their friends’ lifestyles. This is FOMO taken the financial extreme.

People may try to overcome FOMO by spending more than they have on things like travel, clothes, food, and going out. Whether it’s bigger “once-in-a-lifetime” experiences you can’t miss out on like trips, music festivals, or weddings, or even smaller events like dinner and drinks, FOMO spending can impact your finances and ability to build wealth over time.

•  FOMO spending often stems from peer pressure to buy something you can’t afford so that you can still participate in a group.

•  It could stem from feelings of insecurity; you want to show others that you fit in and do so by spending more than you might otherwise.

Unfortunately, this can add up to extra spending, money stress, and debt.

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How Many People FOMO Spend?

As noted above, one recent study found that 40% of people admit to FOMO spending. And those are the ones willing to admit to it. The figure could be considerably higher.

One study found almost twice that percentage of people admitted to going into debt to keep up with their friends’ spending. That’s a startling figure and shows just how common FOMO spending can be.

💡 Quick Tip: Your money deserves a higher rate. You earned it! Consider opening a high-yield checking account online and earn 0.50% APY.

4 Tips to Avoid FOMO Spending

Reining in FOMO spending can be hard, especially if your friends are truly living at a different income level than you. But odds are, some of your friend group might be in the same situation and are overspending in an effort to impress. You can avoid FOMO shopping or at least cut back on spending by trying these tips:

1. Suggest Free Alternatives

The first way to conquer FOMO spending is to simply stop spending! While it’s of course easier said than done, why not come up with a free alternative when a friend suggests plans?

Meeting for up for a $10 bubble tea at a cafe could just as easily turn into sitting on your couch with a homemade cup of joe. Friends want to go out to the movies or the mall? Suggest visiting a museum on a day they offer free admission instead.

2. Limit Your Card Usage and Carry Cash

Limiting your spending on credit or even debit cards and making the majority of your purchases with cash will drastically impact how often you impulse-spend on something when the feeling of FOMO creeps in.

If you only withdraw a certain amount before heading out to dinner or the bar, you’ll already have a pre-set budget that you know you feel comfortable spending. So maybe you only have one pricey cocktail or skip coffee and dessert: You can still have a great experience going out.

3. Create a Budget and Stick to It

Along the same lines, creating a monthly or even weekly budget may also help you cut down on FOMO spending. Your budget can and should include money for savings or big-ticket items like travel you know you have coming up. Having a budget can give you guardrails and help you focus on the big-picture rather than getting caught up in the FOMO moment.

By putting some money towards future goals and then calculating how much “fun” money you have left over after bills, you’ll know exactly when you’ve reached your limit. While making a budget might not help you eliminate FOMO spending altogether, you’ll at least give yourself more constraints if you limit yourself to a specific spending amount.

4. Lower Your Social Media Exposure

Ready for another way to stop spending so much? The endless scrolling on platforms like Facebook, TikTok, and Instagram offer some instant gratification, but social media is one of the main contributing factors of FOMO.

Targeted ads, influencers touting products, and even your own friends’ posts can all conspire to budget you toward spending too much. Seeing all the wonderful shiny things and exciting experiences out there can lead you to splurge (and often).

Many people find their guard is especially down at night, and that’s when they are likely to snap up skincare products, a new watch, or a hotel room overlooking the beach. If you can relate, trade in your laptop or phone time before bed for a good old-fashioned book or movie. You won’t wake up the next morning with that guilt about spending money.

If You Must Spend, Still Plan Ahead

You won’t be able to avoid FOMO spending all of the time, so it’s also important to have a strategy in place for making the best use of your time and money if the feeling kicks in.

Some people consider their fixed vs. variable expenses and build in a little extra spending money as part of their discretionary spending. If you know you have, say, a cash cushion of $100 or $200 a month, this can help with those moments when you decide you want to “keep up with the Joneses.” You can decide if this is the moment to splurge or not.

Delayed Gratification

If you have a sudden urge to buy something because of FOMO, try instead to write the item down, whether in a Notes app on your phone or even just a physical piece of paper, and come back to it 24 hours later.

This will help you avoid impulse purchases just because something is on sale, for instance, or your friend just bought it. You can evaluate in a day if it’s something you still really need. Some people even stretch that 24 hours out to a full month with what’s known as the 30-day spending rule.

Buying in Person

Nothing crushes the FOMO spending feeling more than forcing yourself to trek to an actual physical store to make a purchase.

Too many times, FOMO spending happens when you are online shopping and the ease of delivery right to your door doesn’t make you think twice about your purchase.

Making that easy impulse purchase into a chore can be a buzzkill that helps you save big-time.

Introducing SoFi Checking and Savings

Managing your money well can mean recognizing FOMO spending and seeing when it may fit with your budget and your money goals. It can take wisdom and discipline, but it can keep you out of debt and help you build wealth.

This is where the right banking partner comes in; one who can help you see the big picture on your spending and keep tabs on your cash flow. Like SoFi.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do you deal with FOMO buying?

Recognizing FOMO buying is the first step to minimizing it. You might avoid social media apps that trigger this kind of spending; find free alternatives to pricey outings your friends suggest; or tweak your budget to allow for small splurges and stick within those spending limits.

How can you stop being affected by FOMO?

Avoiding FOMO is a very personal thing. Some people avoid or even delete social media apps that trigger overspending; others have honest talks with their friend group about their financial limits; still others decide to sidestep certain outings with friends that they know will bust their budget and join them for low-cost get-togethers instead.

What is FOMO spending?

FOMO spending is when you buy an item or experience because you don’t want to miss out on something “everyone else is doing.” Some people may think of it as responding to peer pressure. You purchase, say, a status watch or take a pricey vacation not because you can comfortably afford it but because you want to “keep up with the Joneses.”



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As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Why Invest in Bankrupt Companies?

Why Invest in Bankrupt Companies?

Investors put their cash in the market in order to make more money, not lose it. So it can be befuddling, then, that some people are interested in bankruptcy investing—or, buying stock in Chapter 11 (bankrupt) companies.

While bankruptcy investing is a type of investment that may appeal to some, it’s a high-risk strategy that may not be the best route for most investors. Read on to learn about bankruptcy investing, and why investors might be interested in buying stock in Chapter 11 companies.

Different Types of Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a complex, legal process that companies, municipalities, and individuals undergo when they’re unable to pay their debts. It’s important to know that just because a company declares bankruptcy doesn’t mean that it’s no longer an operating business.

There are six different types of bankruptcy, known as chapters, with Chapters 7 and 11 applying to businesses.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

Chapter 7 bankruptcy means that a company is ceasing operations and liquidating its assets. If a company declares Chapter 7 bankruptcy, assets are sold off for cash, and used to pay off its debts in an order determined by bankruptcy laws. Often investment bankers head the valuation process and help companies sell various assets during the bankruptcy process.

Then, bondholders and investors get their share of any assets left. When all is said and done, the company will no longer exist, and any assets it had will have new owners.

Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

Chapter 11 bankruptcy, or “reorganization,” is different from Chapter 7. Companies often file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a defensive move when their debt payments become untenable.

Under Chapter 11 protections, companies focus on restructuring and getting their debt under control, increasing revenues, and cutting costs. During the bankruptcy reorganization, companies can often renegotiate interest rates or eliminate some debt payments entirely.

These companies are basically calling a time-out so that they can revise their gameplan. Companies often keep operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Ultimately, the goal is to use Chapter 11 protections to buy some time, put together a plan to emerge from bankruptcy, and return to profitability.

What Happens To Stock When A Company Goes Bankrupt?

Under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, investors’ shares are effectively dead, since the company is going out of business.

If a company files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, a few things could happen. Shares could continue trading as normal, with little or no effect (other than price fluctuations) for investors. The stock may get delisted from major stock exchanges, but can still be traded over-the-counter (OTC). But be aware: The company may also cancel shares, making some investors’ holdings worthless.

Why Invest in a Bankrupt Company?


A company declaring bankruptcy sends a pretty clear message to investors that it’s in trouble, which can cause share prices to fall. For some investors, falling prices present an opportunity to buy—an attractive one, especially if they believe that those companies will return to profitability in the future.

At its core, bankruptcy investing is all about perceived opportunity. Many large companies with recognizable names have declared bankruptcy in recent years (examples include GNC, Hertz, Gold’s Gym, JCPenney, and Pier 1 Imports), and buying big-name stocks at rock-bottom prices can be very appetizing to investors.

There’s a chance that these companies can and will emerge from bankruptcy with streamlined operations that can quickly start driving revenue, causing share prices to increase in value. But it’s also possible that a bankrupt company is too far gone, and won’t be able to return to profitability. Investing in bankrupt companies is speculative and risky, but the potential of big rewards is enticing to some investors.


💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

Research to Do Before Investing in Bankrupt Companies

When investing in any stock (not just bankruptcy companies), it’s important to do your research, or due diligence on the company. For many investors, that means doing more than just looking at the price fluctuations over the past few days—it involves digging into the nitty-gritty details. Often, those processes can include fundamental and technical analyses.

Fundamental analysis of stocks involves taking a look at, well, the fundamentals of a company. That could include evaluating a company’s profits and growth, or metrics like earnings per share or cash flow. Investors are generally looking for strong companies to invest in, and generally, analyzing a company’s performance will give a sense as to whether or not it’s worth investing in.

Stock technical analysis, on the other hand, is a little more…technical. It involves looking at a stock’s patterns and trends in order to try and predict what it will do next. Essentially, it’s a method of forecasting a stock’s future performance based on its historical performance.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Analyze A Stock

Of course, if a company is bankrupt, both fundamental and technical analyses will likely provide some less-than-inspiring data, such as an unsustainably high leverage ratio. These companies have gone bankrupt, after all—so, investing in a bankrupt company will also require a leap of faith and research into their industry and their plan to return to profitability.

The Takeaway

Investing in bankrupt companies is a risky endeavor. While it may hold the potential for rewards for those who do their research and are willing to take the risk, it may not be the best choice for most investors.

There are many other ways to invest for those who are looking for a less risky, more sustainable, long-term investment strategy.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Photo credit: iStock/Rocco-Herrmann


SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Top 20 On-campus Jobs for Students

Top 20 On-campus Jobs for Students

When you’re in college, you may want — or need — to do more than study and socialize. Working at an on-campus job can be a great way to stay busy, meet new people, learn new skills, and make some extra money.

You can find on-campus jobs on your own or, if you’re eligible, through the Federal Work-Study program. Read on for a basic guide to working on campus, including how work-study differs from regular part-time jobs, the benefits of working on campus, and a listing of top student job options you may want to apply for.

Work-Study vs. Part-Time Jobs

The Federal Work-Study program offers part-time jobs for undergraduate as well as graduate students who have financial need so they can earn money to pay for their education. Completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form is the first step in applying for this aid. Not all colleges and universities participate in the Federal Work-Study program, so it’s a good idea to check with the financial aid office at your school to see if it’s an option.

Work-study jobs are open to both part- and full-time students, and the program encourages those who are awarded this aid to find work related to their major. For example, a science major may be able to get a work-study job as a lab assistant in the chemistry department. These jobs may be either on- or off-campus, the former usually in a campus department and the latter typically at a non-profit organization or a public agency. Students will earn at least the federal minimum wage, and their work-study award will be based on when they apply, their level of financial need, and their school’s funding level.


💡 Quick Tip: Make no payments on SoFi private student loans for six months after graduation.

The Benefits of Having an On-campus Job

You can look for a regular part-time job on campus on your own. The pay will vary, and the job might not have anything to do with your major, but there are still benefits to working on campus. You can save money to pay for your education or any other expenses like food, transportation, and entertainment, plus you’ll get valuable work experience, no matter the field.

Both work-study jobs or regular part-time jobs that relate to your major can boost your skills, which you can list on your resume, potentially giving you a leg up in your post-college job search.

Jobs also offer socializing and networking opportunities. You can make new friends, as well as connections that might be helpful when you’re looking for internships during college and job after you graduate.

The Top On-Campus Jobs

1. Tour Guide

Being a campus tour guide through the admission’s office requires having great interpersonal skills and a willingness to commit a lot of facts and information about your school to memory. Campus tour guides take prospective students and their families on tours of campus while giving details about different majors, activities, events, and the many other things that their school has to offer.

2. Resident Assistant

A resident assistant, or RA, lives in a dorm on campus and supervises a group of students living in that dorm, often on the same hall. Their responsibility is to make sure students are following the dorm rules and to offer support if students need anything. Typically, an RA will get free or discounted housing.

Recommended: How to Save Money in College

3. Tutor

Students who excel in a particular subject may want to consider becoming a tutor. This on-campus job allows students to teach others what they are good at and help their peers have a better understanding of the subject.

4. Campus Newspaper Editor

Students who love to write, edit, and manage a team of reporters will likely enjoy working as a campus newspaper editor. This is typically not a job that students can get right away. They may have to work their way up after holding other positions on the staff in their freshman, sophomore, and/or junior years.

5. Barista

Some schools have a café on campus where students can go to get caffeinated and study well into the night for their exams. Being a barista will teach student workers people skills and how to make the perfect Americano.

6. Library Assistant

Another one of the on-campus jobs that students can apply for is library assistant. They will re-shelve books as well as help other students find and check out the books they need.

7. Admissions Assistant

Being a tour guide isn’t the only job students can take on in the admission’s office. They can also assist with data entry, communicate with prospective students and families on the phone and through email, and help out with any other administrative work around the office. Learning administrative work can be useful, since it’s a necessary skill for many different kinds of jobs.

8. Mailroom Attendant

As a mailroom attendant, students will sort incoming mail and help other students retrieve their packages.

9. Dining Hall Server

Students might find on-campus jobs at the dining halls on their campuses. They can serve meals and maybe even get to take home free food at the end of the day.

10. Bookstore Associate

Campus bookstores tend to be busy places, especially just before classes start, when students buy their textbooks and other school supplies. The end of each semester can also be a busy time, due to returns and memorabilia shopping. As a bookstore associate, workers will typically need to stock shelves with books and merchandise and learn how to use a point-of-sale system.

11. Lifeguard

Schools with pools need lifeguards to keep students safe. Students with summer lifeguard experience in their hometown may be able to sign up for this on-campus job when they go back to school in the fall.

12. Research Assistant

Department faculty may need assistants to help them with research. Duties of a research assistant can vary, but might include data collection, putting together grant materials, managing email, or maintaining a department website.

Recommended: What Is a Graduate Fellowship?

13. Fitness Center Attendant

If there is a gym on campus, students can apply to work there. They may scan student IDs at the check-in desk, wipe down equipment, sell healthy food and smoothies at the gym café, and organize the equipment when the gym closes for the day.

14. Administrative Assistant

Different offices on campus could be looking for administrative assistants. Tasks include everything from sorting mail to doing data entry and answering telephone calls and emails.

15. IT Assistant

Students who enjoy working with computers may find on-campus jobs in the IT department. They can help other students with computer issues, like not being able to connect to the school Wi-Fi or trouble using the campus printers.

16. Museum or Gallery Assistant

If a school has an art museum or gallery, they may employ students as assistants. Students majoring in art may enjoy this on-campus job, where they may give tours, work in the gift shop, and/or check-in visitors.

17. Marketing Assistant

College marketing departments create materials to promote the school. Students who are interested in marketing or communication may want to apply for one of these on-campus jobs and learn valuable skills like email marketing, social media marketing, and copywriting. They may write blog posts for the school website and create flyers for prospective students and families.

18. Lab Assistant

Students who are majoring in the sciences may be able to find on-campus jobs in their schools’ laboratories. They might help other students with lab experiments, set up and organize labs, and prepare chemical solutions.

19. Radio DJ

If a school has a radio station, students might have the opportunity to become radio DJs, playing music that they love and hosting different programs. Other duties may include ordering new equipment, securing rights to the music they play, and setting up and breaking down the station as necessary.

20. Endowment Office Assistant

Some schools might have internship or future job.


💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too. You can submit it as early as Oct. 1.

When we say no fees we mean it.
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Putting That Money to Work

Work-study students are paid directly by their school unless they request to have their earnings deposited into a bank account or applied to their school account (to cover things like tuition, fees, or room and board).

Whether you take on a work-study or regular part-time job, it’s a good opportunity to learn basic budgeting, putting most of your earnings towards necessities, some into savings, and spending some on fun. Earning money from a part-time job is a great opportunity to learn basic money management, which is an important life skill.

Even with income from a part-time job, however, you might still be stressed about money and how you will cover all of your college expenses. To be sure you’re getting all the financial aid you’re entitled to, make certain that you fill out the FAFSA every year. This will let you know if you’re eligible for grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized).

If you still have gaps in funding, you might also look into getting a private student loan. These are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Loan limits vary from lender to lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance, which gives you more borrowing power than with the federal government. Interest rates vary depending on the lender. Generally, borrowers (or cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-based repayment plans and deferment or forbearance — that automatically come with federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.



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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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