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Buying a house when you bad credit can be challenging, but it’s doable with planning and preparation. Subprime borrowers — homebuyers with low credit scores — may be eligible for both federally backed loans and conventional mortgages.

If your credit score is less than stellar but you’re ready to buy a home, it’s important to pause and take stock of your finances. This guide will review strategies and steps to securing a mortgage and buying a house when you have bad credit.

How to Buy a House When You Have Bad Credit

Lenders will consider a number of factors — not just your credit score — when determining if you’ll be approved for a mortgage. Your debt-to-income ratio and proof of income represent a couple of things you need to buy a house.

The best plan to buy a house when you have a so-called bad credit score can vary on a case-by-case basis. These eight tips will help you assess your financial situation and figure out how to buy a house despite your credit concerns.

Recommended: Understanding Mortgage Basics

1. Get Your Credit Reports

As the saying goes, knowledge is power. Assessing your credit is a valuable first step to understanding where you stand in qualifying for a mortgage.

A credit report can provide a detailed overview of your creditworthiness, including your total debt, payment history, and the ages of your credit accounts. You can request free credit reports from this site or once a year directly from each of the three major credit reporting companies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

Credit scoring is expected to change in late 2025 due to new Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) regulations revising credit score requirements on mortgage loans. A new FICO® system and a model called VantageScore 4.0 are coming. You may want to stay apprised of your scores under these as well.

Upon receipt of your credit reports, it’s important to review any derogatory marks (e.g., late payments) and check for errors. Addressing mistakes could give a quick boost to your credit score.

Many lenders use the FICO® score model to calculate credit scores, from 300 to 850, and categorize them like this.

It’s not uncommon for your FICO score to differ slightly among the three credit reporting companies, so mortgage lenders take the average or use the middle score.

According to third-quarter 2024 data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit, two-thirds of newly originated mortgages went to borrowers with credit scores higher than 760.

Only borrowers with credit scores at this level or higher generally receive the most competitive mortgage rates.

A 2024 Money.com analysis showed that VantageScore’s subprime-borrower category included more than 47 million Americans as of February 2024. VantageScore is a credit-scoring system collaboratively developed by credit bureaus Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

2. Plan to Pay a Higher Mortgage Interest Rate

Lenders may consider borrowers with poor credit more likely to default on a mortgage loan. To account for this risk, borrowers with lower credit scores usually face higher interest rates.

A modest increase in the mortgage interest rate can bump up your monthly payment and translate to much more interest paid over the life of the loan. For example, a borrower with a 30-year fixed-rate loan of $250,000 at 8.00% interest would pay $61,661 more over those three decades than a borrower with a 7.00% interest rate.

Paying a higher interest rate may be an unavoidable part of buying a house when your credit is not optimal. An option is to refinance your mortgage later to secure a lower rate and save on interest, especially if you make timely payments and improve your credit over time.

3. Pay Your Other Debts

How much debt you have and your ability to pay it is another factor lenders weigh when approving mortgage loans. This is captured through your debt-to-income ratio. Your DTI ratio is calculated by dividing your monthly debt obligations by your gross monthly income, and then multiplying by 100.

Higher DTI ratios tend to mean that borrowers have less ability to make monthly payments. If you want to get approved for a mortgage, a good DTI ratio is under 36%, but it’s still possible to qualify with a higher ratio. You just may pay more interest and need to fulfill other criteria. DTI limits vary by both lender and mortgage type.

Paying off other debts, like credit cards and student loans, can improve your DTI ratio and signal to lenders that you can afford mortgage payments. Reducing your debt can boost your credit score too, by lowering your credit utilization ratio, which is a measure of the amount of available revolving credit you use.

4. Draw Up a Budget

Buying a home is exciting, and it’s easy to lose sight of the true cost of homeownership when shopping for your dream home. But this puts you at risk of becoming “house poor,” meaning you have to spend a disproportionately high share of your monthly income on housing.

Although buying a home is a way to build wealth, having little left over from your paycheck makes it hard to save for retirement and realize other financial goals.

The dreaded B-word, budgeting, is a useful way to ensure that you can afford a home before you walk away with the keys.

An effective budget accounts for both the upfront costs of buying a home (down payment and closing costs) and the long-term expenditures. Besides the loan principal and interest, it’s important to consider property taxes, homeowners insurance, and maintenance. Other items you should also take into account include private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you plan to put less than 20% down on a conventional loan, or mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) for an FHA loan, no matter the down payment. They add up, but PMI and MIP allow many people to buy homes when they otherwise wouldn’t be able to.

You can get a sense of how much your monthly mortgage payment might be with SoFi’s home mortgage calculator tool.

Recommended: Homeownership Resources

5. Save Up for a Down Payment

If you’re a buyer with subpar credit, putting more money down on a home can be advantageous. A larger down payment means borrowing less money, making the loan less risky to lenders and improving the chances of qualifying with bad credit. A smaller loan amount also accrues less interest.

But of course, saving up for a down payment can be challenging. If you meet first-time homebuyer qualifications, you may be eligible to receive down payment assistance.

Recommended: First-Time Home Buying Guide

6. Opt for an FHA Loan

Buyers with lower credit scores or less money tucked away for a down payment could benefit from an FHA loan. FHA loans are issued by private lenders but are insured and regulated by the Federal Housing Administration.

Borrowers with credit scores of at least 580 may put just 3.5% down. If your credit score is 500 to 579, you might still qualify, but you’ll need to make a 10% down payment. Borrowers who have declared bankruptcy in the past may still qualify for an FHA loan.

Keep in mind that borrowers with higher credit scores who qualify for a conventional (nongovernment) mortgage may put just 3% down.

7. See if You Are Eligible for a VA or USDA Loan

The federal government backs other loan types that can help buyers with fair credit.

Active-duty service members, veterans, or certain surviving spouses may use a VA loan to purchase a primary residence. VA loans usually don’t require a down payment. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs does not set a minimum credit score for eligibility, but lenders have their own requirements so it’s important to compare options. VA loans typically come with a one-time funding fee that varies in amount.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture guarantees mortgages issued to low- and moderate-income homebuyers in eligible rural areas. No down payment is needed, but income limits apply. The USDA does not specify a credit score requirement. But lenders do — minimum credit scores generally start in the lower 600s — and will still evaluate a borrower’s credit history and ability to pay back the loan. You’ll pay a guarantee fee (which is like USDA mortgage insurance) of 1% of the loan amount at closing, then an annual guarantee fee of 0.35%.

8. Build Up Your Credit Scores

Raising your credit scores can increase your chances of qualifying and securing better loan terms, but it takes time. Negative marks usually stay on your credit reports for seven years.

Paying bills on time, every time, can gradually build up your credit scores. And if possible, it’s a good idea to stay below your credit limits and avoid applying for several credit cards within a short amount of time.

Soft credit inquiries do not affect credit scores, no matter how often they take place. Multiple hard inquiries if you’re rate shopping for an auto loan, mortgage, or private student loan within a short period of time are typically treated as a single inquiry.

But outside of rate shopping, many hard pulls for new credit can lower your credit scores and indicate distress in a lender’s eyes.

The Takeaway

Can you buy a house if you have bad credit? Yes, but you may have to put more money down or accept a higher interest rate to qualify. If taking steps to improve your credit aren’t enough, you might consider using a cosigner or exploring federal loan programs.

Knowing how to buy a house with bad credit is a good first step to making it happen. You can check out this home loan help center to continue your homebuyer education.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is a 500 credit score enough to buy a house?

Yes, but the options are limited. Borrowers with a credit score of 500 might be able to qualify for an FHA loan.

How can I buy a house if I have bad credit and lower income?

Lenders look at your full financial picture, not just your credit scores and income, in a mortgage application. Certain loan types don’t have strict credit or income requirements either.

What is a good down payment for a house if I have bad credit?

A 20% down payment is ideal, but most borrowers aren’t able to put that much down. Any increase in your down payment could improve your loan terms.

How do I know if I’m eligible for an FHA loan?

FHA loan requirements include proof of employment and the necessary down payment based on the borrower’s credit score (those with scores of 580 or above qualify for the 3.5% down payment advantage). The home must be a primary residence, get appraised by an FHA-approved appraiser, and meet minimum property standards.

Photo credit: iStock/SDI Productions

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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SOHL-Q125-010

Growth is generally slower with CDs and bonds, but investors still may find there’s a place for these tools in their portfolio.

Conservative investing describes a strategy that avoids risky investments. Blue chip stocks and other established investments are considered conservative.

What is cost basis? Cost basis is the purchase price or original value of an asset or investment. It’s used to calculate capital gains and losses for tax filings.

Students who attended DeVry University between 2008 and 2015 may be entitled to federal and private student loan forgiveness. During that time period, the school made deceptive claims, according to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), which brought a lawsuit against the school.

Read on to learn about the options regarding DeVry University student loan forgiveness, including who’s eligible and how to apply for loan cancellation.

Background on DeVry University Settlement

DeVry University, a for-profit college with locations in 11 states, offers online and in-person courses in various areas of business, health care and technology, with undergraduate and graduate degree programs and certificate programs for students.

Between 2008 and 2015, DeVry advertised a 90% employment success rate and 15% higher income levels for students after graduation. The FTC alleged that those claims were deceptive, and in January 2016, the agency brought a lawsuit against DeVry for $100 million dollars.

In December of that year, DeVry settled with the FTC, agreeing to a $100 million settlement. Under the settlement terms, DeVry was ordered to pay qualifying students who attended their schools between September 2008 and September 2015 and were harmed by the deceptive ads.

As part of the DeVry University student loan forgiveness, DeVry agreed to pay $49.4 million to the FTC to be distributed to students for partial refunds, and provide $50.6 million in debt relief for those who took out private student loans and any other outstanding debts related to attending DeVry.

Types of Loan Forgiveness Available

As part of the FTC settlement terms, DeVry agreed to forgive student loan debt that included the full balance owed on all private student loans ($30.35 million) and any other student debts such as tuition, books, and lab fees ($20.25 million).

In June 2017, The FTC began mailing refund checks to the eligible DeVry students. However, in May 2024, the FTC reported there were 5,942 checks that had not been cashed. As a result, the FTC announced it was resending those payments, and instructed students to cash their check within 90 days.

Students who took out federal student loans to attend DeVry were not part of the FTC settlement. In February 2022, the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) announced it would forgive $71.7 million in federal student loan debt through borrower defense to repayment regulation, holding DeVry liable for $24 million.

That means if you took out federal loans to attend DeVry, you could apply for federal loan forgiveness.

However, DeVry challenged the DOE’s decision. In 2023, a court issued an injunction delaying the effective date of the DOE’s borrower defense regulation until there is a final judgment on it. As of mid-January 2025, the injunction is still in place. On January 10, the Supreme Court agreed to review the case, though no date for the review has been announced. In the meantime, borrowers may still apply online for borrower defense relief.

On January 16, 2025, the DOE announced they had approved forgiveness through borrower repayment to defense for 4,100 DeVry borrowers as part of the Biden administration’s final student loan debt relief approvals, though nothing can move forward while the injunction is in place.

Recommended: Who Pays for Student Loan Forgiveness?

Eligibility Criteria for Loan Forgiveness

Students who are eligible to receive private or federal student loan forgiveness related to attending DeVry need to fulfill all of the following criteria:

•   Enrollment in a bachelor’s or associate degree program at DeVry University between January 1, 2008 and October 1, 2015

•   Paid at least $5,000 in cash, loans, or military benefits

•   Did not get debt or loan forgiveness as part of this settlement

•   Completed at least one class credit

How to Apply for DeVry Loan Forgiveness

If you meet the criteria above, you’ll need to complete a Borrower Defense Loan Discharge application to start the process of having your DeVry federal student loans forgiven. As noted, while the injunction is in place, individuals can continue to file applications.

Under the law, to be eligible for borrower defense, your school must have engaged in misleading activities or other misconduct directly related to the loan or to the educational services for which the loan was given. If you attended DeVry during the specified time period and took out a federal student loan, you may qualify for a student loan discharge.

When applying for borrower defense repayment, be sure to have the following information:

•   Verified account username and password (FSA ID)

•   School name(s) and program of study

•   Your enrollment dates

•   Documentation to support why you believe you qualify for borrower defense and to demonstrate the harm you suffered

Alternative Debt Relief Options

Besides DeVry student loan forgiveness, there are some other options for getting out of student loan debt and managing student loan payments that you can explore.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

If you have federal student loans, you may want to consider income-driven repayment (IDR). These plans base your federal student loan payments on your discretionary income and family size. This typically results in a lower monthly loan payment. There are several different IDR plans to choose from.

Under an IDR plan, you could qualify for forgiveness of your remaining debt after 20 or 25 years.

Public Student Loan Forgiveness

If you work full-time in public service for a qualifying employer like the government or a nonprofit organization, you may be eligible for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). This program forgives the remaining balance on most Federal Direct loans.

Qualifying borrowers can get PSLF after making the equivalent of 120 qualifying monthly payments under an IDR plan or the Standard Repayment Plan.

State Loan Repayment Programs

Some states help pay off student loans through state loan repayment assistance programs (LRAPs). These programs can assist borrowers with both private and federal student loans, depending on the program. Check with your state’s department of education to see what opportunities are available.

Student Loan Refinancing

When you refinance student loans, you replace your old loans with a new private loan, ideally one that has a lower interest rate and more favorable terms, which could lower your monthly payments.

Borrowers interested in refinancing student loans to save money should compare lenders and offers to choose the best one. But be aware that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits like income-driven repayment.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you decide whether refinancing makes sense for your situation.

Impact of Forgiveness on Credit and Taxes

Student loan forgiveness may affect your credit in surprising ways. For instance, having DeVry student loan debt forgiven could cause your credit score to dip temporarily.

One reason for this is that if you wipe out student loan debt, you’re no longer building a payment history for it. And a history of repayment makes up 35% of your credit score, according to FICO, the credit scoring company.

In addition, eliminating student loan debt can impact the mix of credit you have. Lenders like to see a diverse mix of credit because it shows you can responsibly manage different types of credit accounts.

On the other hand, not having a monthly student loan payment improves your debt-to-income ratio, which creditors view as a positive. Plus, you can use the extra money for other expenses or to build up your savings.

Forgiveness may also have some tax implications. The IRS generally requires that you report forgiven or canceled debt as income. However, thanks to a provision in the American Rescue Plan, if your federal or private student loans are dismissed between December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2026, those forgiven student loans won’t be taxed by the federal government.

You may need to pay state taxes on forgiven student loans, however, so it’s a good idea to consult a tax professional or contact your state’s tax department to find out.

The Takeaway

If you attended DeVry University between September 2008 and September 2015, you may be eligible for federal student loan forgiveness through “borrower defense to repayment.” You can start the process of getting your DeVry student loan forgiven by applying for a borrower defense loan discharge at StudentAid.gov.

Borrowers who are not eligible for DeVry forgiveness can explore alternative debt relief options such as income-driven repayment, state loan repayment assistance programs, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, and student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

FAQ

Who is eligible for DeVry University loan forgiveness?

DeVry University students who were enrolled in an undergraduate (bachelor’s or associate degree) program between January 1, 2008 and October 1, 2015, paid at least $5,000 with cash, loans or military benefits to attend the school, completed at least one class credit, and didn’t receive debt or loan forgiveness as part of DeVry’s settlement with the FTC.

What types of loans qualify for forgiveness?

Through the federal government, borrower defense discharges apply to the following federal student loans: Direct Loans or those that can be consolidated into a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan. These discharges don’t apply to private student loans or loans that can’t be consolidated into a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan.

How long does the forgiveness process take?

Unfortunately, it might take a while. Because of a 2023 federal court injunction, no decisions may be made on applications until there is a final judgment on borrower defense regulations. The Supreme Court has agreed to review the case, though no date for the review has been given.

Will I owe taxes on forgiven DeVry loans?

Under the American Rescue Plan, federal or private student loans dismissed between December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2026, are not subject to federal taxes. However, you may have to pay state taxes on the forgiven loans, depending on the rules in your state. Consult a qualified tax professional for more information.

What if I’ve already paid off my DeVry loans?

If you have already paid off your DeVry loans, forgiveness through borrower defense is not an option. According to the Office of Federal Student Aid, in order to be eligible to apply for borrower defense, you must have at least one outstanding federal student loan associated with the school.

Photo credit: iStock/South_agency

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