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Dealing with debt can be overwhelming and stressful. If you find yourself struggling to pay off multiple debts, the snowball method can provide a practical and effective strategy to regain control of your financial situation. This method, popularized by personal finance expert Dave Ramsey, focuses on paying off debts in a specific order to build momentum and motivation.

Read on to learn how the snowball debt payoff method works, including its benefits, plus alternative payoff strategies you may want to consider.

Building the Snowball

With the snowball method you list your debts from smallest to largest based on balance and regardless of interest rates. The goal is to pay off the smallest debt first while making minimum payments on other debts. Once the smallest debt is paid off, you roll the amount you were paying towards it into the next smallest debt, creating a “snowball effect” as you tackle larger debts.

Getting rid of the smallest debt first can give you a psychological boost. If, by contrast, you were to try to pay down the largest debt first, it might feel like throwing a pebble into an ocean, and you might simply give up before you got very far.

A Word about Paying off High-interest Debt First

From a purely financial perspective, it might make more sense to first tackle the debt that comes with the highest interest rate first, since it means paying less interest over the life of the loans (more on this approach below).

However, the snowball method focuses on the psychological aspect of debt repayment. By starting with the smallest debt, you experience quick wins and a sense of accomplishment right away. This early success can then motivate you to continue the debt repayment journey. In addition, paying off smaller debts frees up cash flow, allowing you to put more money towards larger debts later.

Recommended: How to Get Out of $10,000 in Credit Card Debt

Making Minimum Payments Doesn’t Equal Minimum Payoff Time

While you may feel like you’re making progress by paying the minimum balance on your debts, this approach can lead to a prolonged payoff timeline. The snowball method encourages you to pay more than the minimum on your smallest debt, accelerating the repayment process. Over time, as you pay off each debt, the amount you can allocate towards the next debt grows, increasing your progress.

The Snowball Plan, Step By Step

Here’s a step-by-step guide to implementing the snowball method.

1. List all debts from smallest to largest. You want to list them by the total amount owed, not the interest rates. If two debts have similar totals, place the debt with the higher interest rate first.

2. Make minimum payments. Continue making minimum payments on all debts except the smallest one.

3. Attack the smallest debt. Put any extra money you can towards paying off the smallest debt while making minimum payments on others.

4. Roll the snowball. Once the smallest debt is paid off, take the amount you were paying towards it and add it to the minimum payment of the next smallest debt.

5. Repeat and accelerate. Repeat this process, attacking one debt at a time, until all debts are paid off.

A Word About Principal Reduction

It’s a good idea to reach out to your creditors and lenders and find out how they apply extra payments to a debt (they don’t all do it the same way). You’ll want to make sure that any additional payments you make beyond the minimum are applied to the principal balance of the debt. This will help reduce the overall interest you pay and expedite the debt payoff process.

Perks of the Snowball Method

The snowball method offers several advantages:

•   Motivation and momentum The quick wins and sense of progress provide motivation to continue the debt repayment journey.

•   Simplification Focusing on one debt at a time simplifies the process, making it easier to track and manage.

•   Increased cash flow As each debt is paid off, the money previously allocated to it becomes available to put towards the next debt, accelerating the payoff timeline.

Alternatives to the Snowball Method

While the snowball method has proven effective for many, it’s not the only debt repayment strategy available. Here are three alternative methods you may want to consider.

The Avalanche Method

The avalanche method involves making a list of all your debts in order of interest rate. The first debt on your list should be the one with the highest interest rate. You then pay extra on that first debt, while continuing to pay the minimum on all the others. When you fully pay off that first debt, you apply your extra payment to the debt with the next highest interest rate, and so on.

This method can potentially save more on interest payments in the long run. However, it requires discipline and may take longer to see significant progress compared to the snowball method.

The Debt Snowflake Method

The debt snowflake method is a debt repayment method you can use on its own or in conjunction with other approaches (like the snowball or avalanche method). The snowflake approach involves finding extra income through a part-time job or side gig, selling items, and/or cutting expenses and then putting that extra money directly toward debt repayment. While each “snowflake” may not have a significant impact on your debt, they can accumulate over time and help you become free of high-interest debt.

Debt Consolidation

If the snowball, avalanche, or snowflake methods seem overwhelming, you might want to consider combining your debts into one simple monthly payment that doesn’t require any strategizing. Known as debt consolidation, you may be able to do this by taking out a personal loan and using it to pay off your debts. You then only have one balance and one payment and, ideally, a lower interest rate, which can help you save money.

Recommended: How Refinancing Credit Card Debt Works

The Takeaway

The snowball method offers a practical and motivational approach to paying down debt. By starting with small debts and building momentum, you can gain control of your finances and work towards becoming debt-free.

However, it’s important to choose a method that aligns with your financial goals and personal preferences. Whichever method you choose, the key is to take action and commit to a debt repayment strategy that works for you.

If you’re interested in exploring your debt consolidation options, SoFi could help. With a lower fixed interest rate on loan amounts from $5K to $100K, a SoFi personal loan for debt consolidation could substantially lower how much you pay each month. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL0623046

If spending big money on home repairs isn’t your thing, creating and keeping a solid house maintenance routine probably should be.

Regularly monitoring, cleaning, and caring for your roof, windows, plumbing, and appliances could help avoid costly leaks and breakdowns, make your home more energy efficient, and protect its value.

Not sure what needs to be done or when to do it? Check out the suggestions on this ultimate house maintenance checklist.

House Maintenance Checklist for Every Season

Many of the tasks on this list should be pretty easy to do yourself. Others might require phoning a friend with the proper tools and know-how. And there’s nothing wrong with calling in a pro if the job is too time-consuming or beyond your capabilities.

Monthly Home Maintenance Tasks

If the only time you remove the gunk from your gutters, garbage disposal, and dryer vent is when you notice they’re no longer working properly, you could be facing a hefty bill to fix the problem and repair any damage to your home.

Doing a little upkeep every month, instead of once or twice a year, can help keep small tasks from becoming major projects. Here are some things that can benefit from monthly maintenance:

•  Check the shower, tub, and sink drains for clogs. (If hair is your main headache, you may want to do this every week or more. Or you might want to consider purchasing a hair catcher for problematic drains.)
•  Clean showerheads and faucet aerators (that little mesh screen the water pours through) to keep sediment from slowing the flow. While you’re at it, check if any faucets are dripping when they shouldn’t and replace washers if necessary.
•  De-gunk the garbage disposal.
•  And give the dishwasher a deep cleaning. Good Housekeeping recommends using dishwasher cleaning tablets according to the label’s directions. Prefer the DIY route? Place a dishwasher-safe bowl filled with one cup of distilled vinegar on the top rack of an empty dishwasher, and run it through the pots-and-pans or heavy (hot) cycle.
•  Check and clean air conditioner and furnace filters, and kitchen and bathroom exhaust fans.
•  Make sure the dryer vent is free of debris. Doing so can help keep it running efficiently. And if there’s a bird’s nest or lint blocking hot air from escaping, it could become a fire hazard. You also may want to have your dryer duct inspected and cleaned once a year. (Most manufacturers recommend cleaning your lint screen, the piece near the door that’s easy to remove, after every dryer load.)
•  Vacuum HVAC registers and vents. Regular maintenance can keep some dust from building up, but you may want to call in a pro for a more thorough duct inspection if you suspect mold or if you have pets.
•  Test smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors. Test safety equipment every month and replace the batteries twice a year. (Many people use the change to and from daylight saving time as a reminder.) According to statistics from the National Fire Prevention Association, nearly three out of every five home fire deaths result from fires in properties without working smoke alarms.
•  Check electrical cords and outlets for damage. Replace or repair cords that are showing wear. And if an outlet cover is cracked, the prongs on an electrical cord won’t sit firmly in the outlet, or if the outlet is loose, don’t use it until you have a chance to repair it.

Seasonal Maintenance: Fall Tasks

Spring gets all the love when it comes to going all-in on sprucing up a house, but fall can also be a good time to take care of tasks both inside and out.

•  Do a top-to-bottom tour of the home’s exterior. If it’s a cool, sunny, and dry day, head outside and check out the roof for damaged or missing shingles or tiles. Inspect the exterior of the house (siding or stucco) and the foundation for any problems.
•  Check the chimney for exterior damage and clean the fireplace flue.
•  Give windows a once-over. Seal gaps, and if the windows are old and drafty, it might be time to replace them with a more energy-efficient model. (Keep in mind that you may need to get a building permit to install new windows that are bigger than what you had.)
•  Make sure exterior doors aren’t letting any cold air inside. You can get DIY weatherstripping materials at your local hardware store.
•  Wash windows and siding. If you notice any cracks or gaps during your walking tour, it may help to fix those first, especially if you’re pulling out the power washer. And if you see mildew or a buildup of dirt, check if it’s a symptom of a more serious problem.
•  Clean those gutters. If you’re ladder-phobic, there are pros out there who will be happy to clean your gutters and windows.
•  Winterize exterior plumbing. Drain hoses and sprinkler systems if you live in a colder climate. And drain, clean, and cover your swimming pool.
•  Remove and store or insulate window air conditioning units.
•  Give carpets and floors a thorough cleaning, and get your home ready for the holidays. If you haven’t cleaned your garbage disposal or dishwasher lately, this might be a good time to give them some love. And if you’re hosting Thanksgiving, maybe do a quick check to be sure all appliances are ready for the challenge.
•  Winterize your garden and lawn equipment. Depending on your climate and the type of grass you have, fall (not spring) may be the right time to fertilize your lawn. Bring in any delicate plants you hope to save from the cold. (Make sure no insects come along for the ride.) Clean garden tools. Empty gas-powered equipment before storing.
•  How’s your curb appeal? Raking leaves, aerating the lawn, patching the driveway or walkway, and touching up the exterior paint are fairly simple tasks that can make you house proud, improve your property, deter pests, and keep your family and visitors safe.
•  Flush the water heater and check for leaks. Manufacturers generally recommend flushing your water heater at least once per year to avoid sediment buildup.
•  Reverse ceiling fans to a clockwise rotation. This can help move the cooler air off the floor of your home and push warmer air down. Look for the switch on the fan’s housing, or you may be able to make the change with a remote or by giving the correct command to a smart device.
•  Remember to change the smoke detector batteries.

Seasonal Maintenance: Winter Tasks

If winter weather is a factor in your neck of the woods, prepare to hunker down.

•  Cover the barbecue or store it in the shed or garage.
•  Cover your outdoor air conditioning unit.
•  Store patio furniture and cushions in the garage or shed. If you prefer to leave heavy pieces in place, try to keep them covered.
•  Inspect the roof, gutters, and downspouts for damage after a heavy snow.
•  Check the basement for dampness or leaks when there’s a thaw.
•  Clear the driveway and walkways of snow so passersby can get by safely.
•  Focus on indoor tasks when you’re trapped by the weather. Clean the attic, caulk the tub, paint a room, and/or clean the refrigerator (inside and out, including the drip pans and coils).

Seasonal Maintenance: Spring Tasks

Shake off the winter blues, stow the alpaca throws, and get ready to enjoy warmer weather. Spring is for cleaning up, inside and out.

•  Throw those fall tasks into reverse. As soon as the last of the cold weather is past, uncover the outside air conditioning unit and have it serviced. If you have window air conditioning units, clean and return them to their rightful rooms. Bring the barbecue out from hibernation and make sure it’s in good working order. Prep the pool and outdoor sprinkler system for warm weather use. Return ceiling fans to a counter-clockwise rotation to bring cool air down. (And while you’re up there, maybe give those fans a good dusting).
•  Set up a termite inspection. There’s no wrong time of year to have your house inspected for termites, but since spring is when they tend to swarm, it may be a good way to tell if there’s a problem. It’s also an opportune time to check for carpenter ants, which can damage a home.
•  Clean and refinish the deck.
•  Look into any necessary lawn care. If you live in a warmer climate and have Bermuda, St. Augustine, or some other warm-season grass, it may be time to fertilize your turf.
•  Clean up fallen branches or leaves you missed in the fall. And clean out gutters and downspouts.
•  Inspect the roof, chimney, and siding for any winter damage.
•  Inspect indoor plumbing.
•  Check the attic for uninvited guests. Critters can invade your space almost any time of year, but squirrels, raccoons, bats, and rats are most likely to show up in the spring.
•  Wash windows and screens.
•  Clean patio furniture and cushions.
•  Call a professional about inspecting and pumping the septic tank. Some pros recommend emptying the tank every three to five years, but larger households may need more frequent pumpings.
•  Clear the clutter, and do a traditional spring cleaning. Dust everything. Polish furniture. Clean out closets, and donate or sell anything you no longer need. Clean the refrigerator, pantry, and cabinets. Scrub the floors, or have the carpets cleaned to get rid of late-winter’s muddy mess. Scrub the bathrooms and laundry room. As you go, you can check to see if anything is damaged and needs to be repaired or replaced.
•  Inspect and maintain the garage door opener. Listen for grating noises, and look for a jerky motion when the door goes up and down. Make sure the tracks are clear of debris. Some maintenance may be simple for DIYers (including spraying moving parts with lubricant, or repairing damaged weatherstripping). But if you suspect there’s an operational problem, you might want to bring in a pro.
•  Clear the garage of clutter and possible food sources. The garage may be another home for critters. Clean out the clutter and look for damage from pests, including rodents and ants.
•  Time to change the smoke detector batteries. (Yes, we listed it three times. It’s that important.)

Seasonal Maintenance: Summer Tasks

Because summer is so hot in many parts of the country, it can be a good season for inside repairs and outside jobs that might involve getting wet. For example, you could:

•  Pressure clean the house, driveway, and walkways.
•  Inspect the pool and pool equipment to be sure everything is clean and running well.
•  Check the sprinkler system to minimize water waste and maximize the benefits to the landscape.
•  Plant trees or shrubs to provide shade for your home, deck, and patio. Or consider installing a canopy or some other type of shade structure.
•  Install curtains, shades, or window film to minimize sun damage to indoor furnishings.
•  Inside, check for leaks around kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and toilets.
•  Keep your air conditioner clean, and consider upgrading for better energy efficiency. Change the filter. Clean air ducts. Make sure nothing is blocking the outside unit.

Recommended: Home Improvement Cost Calculator

You’ll Probably Need Some Tools

Even if you plan to hire pros to take care of most of your home maintenance tasks, it can be a good idea to keep a few basic tools around for DIY jobs. Here are some items that could come in handy:

Basic Tools for Home Maintenance

•  Step ladder or fold-up work platform. Why risk falling off a wobbly chair when a step ladder can give you extra height and stability?
•  Extension ladder. If you’re planning to clean your gutters or get up on the roof, you’ll likely want to borrow or purchase an extension ladder to safely get the height you need.
•  Tape measure.
•  Hammer and assorted nails.
•  Screwdrivers and assorted screws. Both flat-head and Phillips-head screwdrivers (in a few different sizes) will likely get plenty of use; or you can pick up one screwdriver with interchangeable heads.
•  Drill and assorted drill bits. A light-duty, battery-operated drill and a set of bits should be able to handle most beginner-level repair jobs.
•  Indoor and outdoor extension cords.
•  Hacksaw or reciprocating saw. For quick cuts on wood, metal, PVC pipes, tree limbs, and more.
•  Putty knife. You can use it for patching holes, applying drywall mud, and for scraping away paint or dirt.
•  Pliers. Great for holding, bending, or reaching in to grab something.
•  Sandpaper. The grit or coarseness of the paper will vary depending on the job and the results you’re looking for. It may save time to have a few different types on hand.
•  Safety goggles and gloves. These basic pieces of safety equipment could protect you from a DIY disaster.

Paying for Home Improvements

One great reason to keep up with regular home maintenance is to avoid the high cost of major repairs or replacements. But from time to time, you may find you have to—or want to—take on a bigger project.

According to a 2022 study from the home services website Angi, homeowners spent an average of $2,467 on home maintenance projects and $1,953 on unexpected repairs. If your budget can’t handle those kinds of expenses right now, you may want to look into a home improvement loan, especially if you don’t have a lot of equity built up in your home.

A home improvement loan is an unsecured personal loan that can be used to cover the costs of renovations, upgrades, or repairs. It’s different from a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC), because you don’t have to use your home as collateral. Instead, the interest rate and amount you qualify for are based largely on the applicant’s credit history, income, and employment.

If you need to move quickly on a project or repair and need to borrow a small sum, such as $3,000 or $5,000, a home improvement personal loan can be especially appealing. The application process is a little less involved than for a home equity loan or HELOC. Note that repayment terms are typically shorter than with the other options and will vary with the lender. You may find terms of anywhere from one to seven years or possibly longer.

Recommended: How Much Does It Cost to Remodel or Renovate a House?

The Takeaway

Maintaining a home is a year-round job, one made easier by taking on a set number of tasks each month or season. The regular monitoring, care, and cleaning of the interior and exterior of your house doesn’t just keep your place looking good — it can also help prevent costly breakdowns and protect your investment. However, even the most vigilant homeowner will likely take on a costly repair at some point. If your budget can’t handle the extra expense, a home improvement personal loan might be one option to consider, as the application is usually a little less involved and you don’t have to use your home as collateral.

If you’re ready to roll up your sleeves and get some home repairs or renovations done, see what a SoFi personal loan can offer. With a SoFi Home Improvement Loan, you can borrow between $5k to $100K as an unsecured personal loan, meaning you don’t use your home as collateral and no appraisal is required. Our rates are competitive, and the whole process is easy and speedy.

Turn your home into your dream house with a SoFi Home Improvement Loan.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL0623030

Remodeling a closet can be a great way to get organized while getting rid of clutter. But creating an inviting, functional space takes more than just extra hangers or storage boxes. When planning a closet model, you’ll want to keep a few things in mind, including what you intend on storing there, how much space you have, and your budget.

Ready to roll up your sleeves? Use this guide to help you get started.

Clear Out the Closet

If you can, start a remodeling project with a blank slate. In this case, that means clearing out whatever is in your closet now. You’ll appreciate the extra breathing room when it comes time to measure the space (more on that in a minute). Plus, you’ll have a chance to see exactly what will be stored in the closet after the remodel, which will help you determine what clothing rods, drawers, storage bins, and containers might be needed.

Recommended: How Much Does It Cost to Remodel or Renovate a House?

Size Up Your Space

Accurately measure the size of the closet and, if desired, see what potential extra space exists. The following tools can help you get the job done:

•   Measuring tool: This can be a 25-foot flat tape measure or, if preferred and needed, an electronic measuring tool. The latter can measure longer walls.

•   Acrylic square finders (two): With these, verify whether closet corners are actually square.

•   Angle finders for closets with slanted ceilings: This allows the angle of the roofline to be properly measured.

•   Paper: Record all numbers; graph paper can be especially helpful when sketching out measurements and closet remodel ideas.

New to measuring? Here are some tips to help you get the right figures the first time.

•   When doing a hard measurement, round down by the nearest quarter of an inch.

•   When doing soft measurements, round down to the nearest whole number.

•   Measure walls in three places and use the smallest of these measurements: near the top, in the middle, near the bottom.

•   Measure from top to bottom.

•   Check inside corners.

•   Check the angle of pitch for any sloped ceilings.

•   Note and measure any obstacles, which can include light fixtures and switches, trim, and vents.

Consider Closet Features You’d Like

Not sure what to include in your closet remodel? Here are some ideas to get your creative juices flowing.

Add Lighting

From LED lights that shine on specific areas of the closet to illuminated rods and shelves to lights that focus on cabinets, lights are popular closet features.

A Dressing Room

Because not every house has bedrooms with enough square footage for dressing room space, some homeowners are choosing to transform an extra bedroom — or even an underused dining or living room — into a walk-in closet/dressing room.

These rooms typically have some kind of seating and mirrors, and even pieces of art. They can range from reasonably simple rooms containing a makeup table and comfy seat to luxurious spaces.

Walls That Wow

People who have a more straightforward paint color or wallpaper pattern in their rooms are sometimes willing to experiment with bolder hues or eye-catching patterns on the walls in their closets.

Stylish Extras

If your budget and lifestyle allow, here are some features that are in demand today and may be worth considering. Some are DIY, while others may require the help of a contractor.

•   Ventilation systems to remove smells and dehumidifiers to remove moisture

•   Entire walls devoted to shoes

•   Crown molding

•   A sliding ladder

•   Built-in drawers, called cellarets, to keep socks, ties, and more well organized

•   Laundry cabinet storage with a removable liner to carry the load to the washer

•   Jewelry organizer with multiple compartments, some with locks

Closet Remodel No-Nos

The best remodel is one that allows you to make the most of your closet. As you’re making your plans, be mindful to avoid the following:

Dead Space

People often waste space above the top shelf in their closets. It’s true that you can fold and store clothes on that shelf, or use the space for storing boxes. But keep in mind that the higher an item is, the more difficult it is to access.

Wasted Space Behind Swing-in Doors

If possible, try to avoid closet doors that swing in, because shelves can’t be built there and clothes hung there will continually be banged into. But if this is your setup, fear not. The space can still be salvaged by the addition of a hook board where scarves, ties, and other thin objects can be placed.

Shallow Shelving

When shelves are too shallow, clothes hang over top of them and the closet can look sloppy. Lots of closet systems have 12-inch shelves; make sure this is deep enough for your needs or choose other shelving with more depth.

What Will a Closet Remodel Cost?

On average, a closet renovation costs around $358, according to the home services website Thumbtack.
A good rule of thumb is that the cost per linear foot is $125. Add-ons will affect the cost. Here are some amounts that someone might expect to spend:

•   Professional organization services: $40 to $60 an hour

•   New lights and outlets: $55 to $65 an hour

•   New door: $180

•   Paint job: $200

Designing a custom closet costs between $1,059 and $3,068 on average, according to HomeAdvisor.com. The materials used, organization elements included, permits, and whether a wardrobe is added affect the pricing. Of course, if you’re looking to sell a home, a custom closet design may be of more value to a buyer than an off-the-shelf closet organizing product.

Another factor is whether the closet is a reach-in or walk-in type. Reach-in closets are typically smaller, but when organized well can be functional. These closet remodels can cost between $500 and $2,500 and are often found in smaller bedrooms and hallways.

Or, if you’ve been watching TV remodel shows and are longing for the walk-in closets created there, this type may cost more, while offering plenty of room for clothing and accessories and a good view of what’s located where.
When it comes to paying for a closet remodel, homeowners have several options. Examples include using your personal savings, using a credit card and then paying the balance in full when it’s due, or taking out a unsecured personal loan.

Recommended: 11 Types of Personal Loans & Their Differences

The Takeaway

A closet remodel can range from practical to astounding, suitable to luxe. Take measure of exactly what you want — first deciding whether to expand the space or enhance what you have — and then carve out a budget for that vision.

If you’re ready to roll up your sleeves and get some home repairs or renovations done, see what a SoFi personal loan can offer. With a SoFi Home Improvement Loan, you can borrow between $5,000 to $100,000 as an unsecured personal loan, meaning you don’t use your home as collateral and no appraisal is required. Our rates are competitive, and the whole process is easy and speedy.

Turn your home into your dream house with a SoFi Home Improvement Loan.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPL0623033

In a traditional merger, a company may acquire another that is in a similar or complementary business in order to expand its footprint or reduce competition. A “reverse merger” works quite differently, and investors are eyeing the assets of a private company.

The acquiring company in a reverse merger is called a public “shell company,” and it may have few to no assets. The shell company acquires a private operating company. This can allow the private company to bypass an initial public offering, a potentially lengthy, expensive process. In essence, the reverse merger is seen as a faster and cheaper method of “going public” than an IPO.

Reverse Merger Meaning

As mentioned, the meaning of the term “reverse merger” is when a group of investors takes over a company, rather than a competing or complementary business acquiring or absorbing a competitor. It’s a “reverse” of a traditional merger, in many ways, and appearances.

A reverse merger can also act as a sort of back door in. It can also be a way for companies to eschew the IPO process, or for foreign-based companies to access U.S. capital markets quickly.

What Is Investors’ Motivation?

Investors may purchase units or shares in a shell company, hoping their investment will increase once a target company is chosen and acquired. This can be good for values of stocks when companies merge, netting those investors a profit.

In other cases, investors may own stock in a publicly traded company that is not doing well and is using a reverse merger to boost share values for shareholders through the acquisition of a new company.

In either case, shareholders can vote on the acquisition before a deal is done. Once the deal is complete, the name and stock symbol of the company may change to represent that of the formerly private company.


💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.

How Do Reverse Mergers Work?

A shell company may have a primary purpose of acquiring private companies and making them public, bypassing the traditional IPO process. These types of companies can also be called special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) or “blank check companies,” because they usually don’t have a target when they’re formed.

They may set a funding goal, but the managers of the SPAC will have control over how much money they will use during an acquisition.

A SPAC can be considered a sort of cousin of private equity in that it raises capital to invest in privately traded companies. But unlike private equity firms, which can keep a private company private for however long they wish, the SPAC aims to find a private company to turn public.

During its inception, a SPAC will seek sponsors, who will be allowed to retain equity in the SPAC after its IPO. There’s a lot to consider here, such as the differences and potential advantages for investors when comparing an IPO vs. acquisition via SPAC.

The SPAC may have a time limit to find a company appropriate to acquire. At a certain point during the process, the SPAC may be publicly tradable. It also may be available for investors to buy units of the company at a set price.

Once the SPAC chooses a company, shareholders can vote on the deal. Once the deal is complete, managers get a percentage of the profits from the deal, and shareholders own shares of the newly acquired company.

If the SPAC does not find a company within the specified time period — or if a deal is not voted through — investors will get back their money, minus any fees or expenses incurred during the life of the SPAC. The SPAC is not supposed to last forever. It is a temporary shell created exclusively to find companies to take public through acquisition.

Are Reverse Mergers Risky?

Investing in a SPAC can be risky because investors don’t have the same information they have from a publicly traded company. The lack of transparency and standard analytical tools for considering investments could heighten risk.

The SPAC itself has little to no cash flow or business blueprint, and the compressed time frame can make it tough for investors to make sure due diligence has been done on the private company or companies it plans to acquire.

Once a deal has gone through, the SPAC stock converts to the stock of the formerly private company. That’s why many investors rely on the reputation of the founding sponsors of the SPAC, many of whom may be industry executives with extensive merger and acquisition experience.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

What Are the Pros and Cons of Reverse Mergers for Investors?

For investors, reverse mergers can have advantages and disadvantages. Here’s a rundown.

Pros of Reverse Mergers

One advantage of a reverse merger — being via SPAC or some other method — is that the process is relatively simple. The IPO process is long and complicated, which is one of the chief reasons companies may opt for a reverse merger when going public.

As such, they may also be less risky than an IPO, which can get derailed during the elongated process, and the whole thing may be less susceptible to the overall conditions in the market.

Cons of Reverse Mergers

Conversely, a reverse merger requires that a significant amount of due diligence is done by investors and those leading the merger. There’s always risk involved, and it can be a chore to suss it all out. Further, there’s a chance that a company’s stock won’t see a surge in demand, and that share values could fall.

Finally, there are regulatory issues to be aware of that can be a big hurdle for some companies that are making the transition from private to public. There are different rules, in other words, and it can take some time for staff to get up to speed.

An Example of a Reverse Merger

SPACs have become more common in the financial industry over the past five years or so, and were particularly popular in 2020 and 2021. Here are some examples.

Snack company UTZ went public in August 2020 through Collier Creek Holdings. When the deal was announced, investors could buy shares of Collier Creek Holdings, but the shares would be converted to UTZ upon completion of the deal. If the merger was successful, shareholders had the option to hold the stock or sell.

But sometimes, SPAC deals do not reach completion. For example, casual restaurant chain TGI Fridays was poised to enter a $380 million merger in 2020 through acquisition by shell company Allegro Merger — a deal that was called off in April 2020 partially due to the “extraordinary market conditions” at the time.

Allegro Merger’s stock was liquidated, while the owners of TGI Fridays — two investment firms — kept the company.

Investor Considerations About Reverse Mergers

Some SPACs may trade in exchange markets, but others may trade over the counter.

Over-the-counter, or off-exchange, trading is done without exchange supervision, directly between two parties. This can give the two parties more flexibility in deal terms but does not have the transparency of deals done on an exchange.

This can make it challenging for investors to understand the specifics of how a SPAC is operating, including the financials, operations, and management.

Another challenge may be that a shell company is planning a reverse merger with a company in another country. This can make auditing difficult, even when good-faith efforts are put forth.

That said, it’s a good idea for investors to perform due diligence and evaluate the shell company or SPAC as they would analyze a stock. This includes researching the company and reviewing its SEC filings.

Not all companies are required to file reports with the SEC. For these non-reporting companies, investors may need to do more due diligence on their own to determine how sound the company is. Of course, non-reporting companies can be financially sound, but an investor may have to do the legwork and ask for paperwork to help answer questions that would otherwise be answered in SEC filings.

Investing With SoFi

Understanding reverse mergers can be helpful as SPACs become an increasingly important component of the IPO investing landscape. It can also be good to know how investments in reverse merger companies can fit financial goals.

Many investors get a thrill from the “big risk, big reward” potential of SPACs, as well as the relatively affordable per-unit price or stock share that may be available to them.

Due diligence, consideration of the downsides, and a well-balanced portfolio may lessen risk in the uncertain world of reverse mergers. If you’re interested in learning how they could affect your portfolio or investing decisions, it may be a good idea to speak with a financial professional.

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FAQ

What is an example of a reverse merger?

A SPAC transaction is an example of a reverse merger, which would be when a SPAC is founded and taken public. Shares of the SPAC are sold to investors, and then the SPAC targets and acquires a private company, taking it public.

Why would a company do a reverse merger?

A reverse merger can be a relatively simple way for a company to go public. The traditional path to going public, through the IPO process, is often long, expensive, and risky, and a reverse merger can offer a simpler alternative.

How are reverse mergers and SPACs different?

The term “reverse merger” refers to the action being taken, or a company being taken public through a transaction or acquisition. A SPAC, on the other hand, is a vehicle or business entity used to facilitate that acquisition.

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