Jul
26
2023
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What Is a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan?

By | Student Loans | No Comments

A Direct Subsidized Loan is a type of federal student loan available to students who demonstrate financial need. The federal government subsidizes this type of loan by paying the interest that accrues while the student is enrolled in school at least half-time and during qualifying periods of deferment, such as the grace period.

The Direct Subsidized loan is one of three federal student loans available to student borrowers. The others are the Direct Unsubsidized Loan, Direct PLUS Loan, and Direct Consolidation Loan. Read on for more information about the benefits of Direct Subsidized loans and details about other types of student loans available to eligible students.

What Are the Benefits of a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan?

Like other types of student loans, you will be responsible for paying back your Federal Direct Subsidized Loan after you finish school. Unlike many other student loans, however, having a Direct Subsidized loan means you won’t be responsible for paying interest while you are in school or during a six-month grace period after graduation (or during other deferment periods). The U.S. Department of Education subsidizes this type of loan by paying the interest on your behalf during those periods.

Since the government is paying the interest that accrues while you are in school and during the grace period, no interest will be added to your balance before you begin repayment. This might sound like a minor detail, but not having to pay interest while you are in school and for six months after you graduate can significantly reduce the overall cost of your loan.

Like an Unsubsidized Direct loan, you’re not obligated to make payments during school — and the interest rate is relatively low. For the 2023-24 academic school year the interest rate for a Subsidized or Unsubsidized Direct Loan is 5.50%.


💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

How Do You Apply for a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan?

To apply for a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan, you will need to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA is available for free online, and contains questions about you and your family’s financial circumstances.

The information you submit through the FAFSA is transmitted to your school and then used to determine what types of aid (including federal loans, grants, scholarships, and work-study) you are eligible to receive. The FAFSA must be completed annually.

There is no credit check involved in applying for a Federal Direct Subsidized (or Unsubsidized) loan, and you don’t need to worry about having a certain credit score.

How Is Your Eligibility for a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan Determined?

After your FAFSA has been reviewed, your selected school will send you an award letter that tells you your total cost of attendance, the award money you’ve been given, and what federal aid programs and loans you qualify for based on your FAFSA information.

You school will determine exactly how much you are eligible to borrow in federal loans based on a number of factors, including the amount the federal government expects you and your family to contribute to your educational costs, your current enrollment status, the school’s cost of attendance, any other financial aid you receive, and whether you are a dependent or independent student.

However, there are limits on the amount you can borrow with a Direct Loan, regardless of your financial need. If you are a dependent student, you can borrow a total of $31,000 for your undergraduate education in federal loans, but no more than $23,000 of this amount may be in Direct Subsidized Loans. Graduate and professional students cannot borrow subsidized loans.

Beyond Subsidized Loans: Other Options Available to Student Borrowers

Since eligibility for Direct Subsidized Loans is based on borrower need, and there are annual borrowing limits, you may be interested in learning about other available loan options. There are three other types of federal loans, and some borrowers may also want to consider private student loans.

The three types of federal loans available outside of Direct Subsidized Loans are:

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans These loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students, and eligibility is not based on financial need. Unlike Direct Subsidized Loans, however, interest starts accruing as soon as the money is disbursed to your school. You may choose not to pay this interest while you’re in school and during your six-month grace period, but any unpaid interest that accumulates during this time will be added to your total balance. How much you can borrow with an unsubsidized loan depends on your year in school as well as if you’re a dependent or an independent student.

•   Direct PLUS Loans PLUS Loans are options for graduate/professional students and parents of students who are interested in borrowing a loan to help their child pay for college. Eligibility for this type of loan is not based on need, but the application process does require a credit check. The terms of these loans are somewhat less favorable than Direct Loans, which is why families will want to look at Direct Unsubsidized and Subsidized loans first. The interest rate on PLUS loans for the 2023-24 academic year is 8.05%. These loans also have an origination fee of 4.228%.


💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

•   Direct Consolidation Loan This federal loan isn’t awarded to borrowers as a part of their financial aid package. Instead, a Direct Consolidation Loan allows borrowers with multiple federal loans to combine (or consolidate) them into a single loan, usually after school. The loan’s new interest rate is the weighted average of the current interest rates on the student loans that will be consolidated, rounded up to the nearest one eighth of a percent.

Private student loans are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders. They come with a variety of terms and can offer competitive interest rates for students (or parent cosigners) with good or excellent credit. Unlike federal student loans, which offer only fixed rates, private student loans can have fixed or variable interest rates.

Also unlike federal student loans, private student loans often don’t charge any fees, such as an origination fee. However, private student loans don’t come with the same protections, such as government-sponsored loan forgiveness and income-driven repayment plans, as federal loans. Because of this, you may want to consider private loans only after you’ve exhausted federal loan options like Direct Subsidized loans and other sources of federal aid.

To apply for private student loans, potential borrowers will need to fill out an application directly with the lender of their choice.

The Takeaway

Borrowers with Federal Direct Subsidized Loans are not responsible for the interest that accrues while they are enrolled in school at least half-time or during the grace period or other qualifying periods of deferment. The interest is subsidized by the U.S. government. To qualify for this type of federal student loan, borrowers must be qualifying undergraduate students who demonstrate financial need.

Other options for students looking to pay for college may include Federal Direct Unsubsidized loans and PLUS Loans, scholarships and grants, and federal work-study programs, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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26
2023
How to Make Principal-Only Payments on Student Loans_780x440

How to Make Principal-Only Payments on Student Loans

By | Debt Payoff, Student Loans, student_loan | Comments Off on How to Make Principal-Only Payments on Student Loans

Making principal-only payments on student loans (either monthly or just occasionally) can help speed up the payback time and lower your overall borrowing costs. But just making extra payments on your loan won’t necessarily lower your loan’s principal balance. You typically need to take a few extra steps to ensure that your extra payments actually go toward principal — and not interest on the loan.

Reed on to learn exactly what a principal-only student loan payment is and how to be sure you’re doing it right.

Key Points

•   Making principal-only payments on student loans can accelerate the payback period and reduce overall borrowing costs.

•   Extra payments need specific instructions to ensure they go toward the principal, not future interest.

•   Lenders might automatically apply extra payments to future bills unless directed otherwise.

•   Online payment platforms often allow borrowers to specify that extra amounts are principal-only payments.

•   Regularly monitoring account statements is crucial to confirm that payments are applied correctly.

What Is a Principal-Only Student Loan Payment?

To understand what principal-only payments are, it helps to understand how student loan repayment works.

When you take out a student loan, you need to repay the principal balance. (the amount you borrowed), interest (the cost of borrowing the principal) and, in some cases, fees (which are often paid up front).

When it’s time to start repaying your student loan, you are usually required to make at least a minimum payment each month. That payment will go towards both your principal balance and interest. In the beginning, most of your payment will go toward interest and very little towards principal. Over time, however, the balance shifts — more of your monthly payment will go toward principal and less will go towards interest.

Fortunately, student loans have no prepayment penalties. This means that If you make an extra, principal-only payment, it will lower the principal balance of your loan, and the lender will not be able to charge you a fee for paying some of your loan off early.

Unfortunately, when a lender receives a payment beyond the minimum due each month, they may simply apply it to next month’s bill rather than use that money to lower your principal. This means there are certain steps you need to take to make sure the money will only go towards principal (more on that below).

💡 Quick Tip: Pay down your student loans faster with SoFi reward points you earn along the way.

Why Making Principal-Only Payments Can Make a Difference

Since interest on a student loan is calculated daily on the principal balance at that time, the less principal you have left to pay, the lower your interest costs. As a result, paying extra on your student loan — and having that money go directly to the principal — can save you a significant amount of money. It also helps you pay off your student loans faster.

Of course, not everyone is in a position to pay more than the required amount in any given month, and that’s fine, too. You might simply choose to use an occasional windfall — such as a bonus at work or a cash gift — to make a principal-only payment on your student loans.

Recommended: 9 Smart Ways to Pay Off Student Loans

How to Make Principal-Only Payments on Student Loans

Just making an extra payment on your student loan doesn’t necessarily mean you are making a principal-only payment.

Generally, student loan servicers apply your payments first to cover any late fees you’ve incurred and then to accrued interest before they apply anything to your principal. Here are some tips that can help ensure any extra payments you make go toward your principal.

Tell Your lender Where to Direct Extra Payments

If you pay online through the servicer’s website, you might have the option to choose how the money gets applied. There may be an option that says “other amount” where you can enter an extra amount you want to pay towards your loan that month, as well as where that money should be applied, such as to the interest only, the interest and principal, or just the principal.

In some cases, you might see an option for “Do not advance the due date.” Clicking this will ensure that your lender treats your funds as an extra payment rather than applying them toward next month’s bill.

If you want to make a larger payment every month and have the extra applied to principal, you may also have the option of setting up standing instructions online, telling your servicer to send any extra money towards the principal.

If you pay by check or don’t see these options online, you’ll need to contact your loan servicer and ask how to make occasional or regular principal-only payments. You may need to send a standing order in writing.

Recommended: student loan servicers

Apply Extra Payments Strategically

If you have more than one student loan, you can typically request that your student loan servicer apply your extra payments to a specific loan (such as the loan with the highest interest rate) in order to ensure you can save money and meet your debt repayment goals.

There are two common approaches to paying down debt on multiple loans:

•   The snowball method This involves paying off the smallest loan first, then moving on to the next-biggest loan. This approach can give you a sense of making progress, and motivate you to keep going.

•   The avalanche method This tackles the loan with the highest interest rate first. Putting extra payments on the most expensive loan will save you the most money. However, it won’t allow you to cross a loan off your list as quickly.

Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay off Student Loans Quickly

Keep a Close Eye on Your Statements

To make sure your principal-only payment was just that — it went to principal only — it’s a good idea to check your online account or loan statements each month to make sure any extra payments you made were correctly applied. You’ll also want to make sure the money was applied to the loan you specified.

If your lender didn’t apply your extra payment to the principal balance, you’ll want to reach out to ensure that future payments are accurately applied.

💡 Quick Tip: Federal student loans carry an origination or processing fee (1.057% for Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans first disbursed from Oct. 1, 2020, through Oct. 1, 2024). The fee is subtracted from your loan amount, which is why the amount disbursed is less than the amount you borrowed. That said, some private student loan lenders don’t charge an origination fee.

Consider Refinancing Student Loans for Better Rates

Making principal only payments isn’t the only way to lower your interest costs and/or pay off your loan early. You might also be able to do this by refinancing your student loans with a private lender, such a bank, credit union, or online lender.

With a student loan refinance, you exchange one or more of your old loans for a new one, ideally with a lower rate or better terms. This process can be helpful if you have a solid credit score (or have a cosigner who does), since it might qualify you for a lower interest rate. In addition, you could choose a shorter repayment term to get out of debt faster.

You can refinance both federal and private student loans. Keep in mind, however, that refinancing federal student loans can result in a loss of certain borrower protections, such as income-driven repayment and student loan forgiveness. Because of this, you’ll want to consider the potential downsides of refinancing before making changes to your debt.

Recommended: Student Loan Consolidation Rates

The Takeaway

The thought of finding extra money — beyond your required monthly payment — to pay down student debt may be daunting. But the benefits could make it worth the effort and sacrifice. Making principal-only payments will help reduce the interest you pay over the life of your student loan. And, the more often you pay down your principal balance, the faster you’ll pay off your student loans.

If you choose to make principal-only payments, you’ll want to communicate with your lender to make sure that those additional payments are applied only to your loan’s outstanding principal.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FOREFEIT YOUR EILIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Jul
26
2023
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When Do You Have to Start Paying Back Student Loans?

By | Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

Figuring out when you have to start paying back student loans can be a bit tricky, but in 2023 it’s more complicated than usual. A pause on all federal student loan payments has been in effect since 2020, but that pause has come to an end.

For new grads, most federal student loans have a six-month grace period after you finish school, during which borrowers don’t have to make payments. The payback terms on private student loans are set by individual lenders, which may or may not offer a grace period.

Whether you’re a new grad or a federal student loan borrower wondering when your paused payments will resume, read on to find out when you have to start paying back your student loans.

Student Loan Payment Pause Ends

In March 2020, at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the federal government ordered the suspension of payments, interest, and collections on most federally held student loans. Three years later, borrowers will restart making loan payments in the fall of 2023.

When the time comes, borrowers should receive a billing statement from their loan servicer at least 21 days before their payment is due. The statement will provide the latest information on payment due dates, monthly amount, and interest accrued.

What else you can do: Make sure your contact information is up-to-date on your loan servicer’s website and in your StudentAid.gov profile. And to refresh your memory on all things student loans, read our summary of the basics of student loans.

What Is a Student Loan Grace Period?

A grace period is the time you’re given after graduation before you have to start paying back your student loans. The federal government and many private lenders understand that you might not find a steady job straight out of college.

Both Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans have a grace period. Direct PLUS loans for graduate students and parents don’t have a grace period. Make sure you understand which loan you have so you’re financially ready to start making payments.

While the grace period gives you time to find a job before you have to start making payments, it’s important to understand that unsubsidized federal student loans will continue to accrue interest during the grace period.

Usually, at the end of the grace period, the interest is capitalized onto the principal (or original amount borrowed). This becomes the new value of the loan, and interest continues to accrue based on this new value. However, new federal regulations will eliminate interest capitalization when borrowers first enter repayment.

Recommended: How Much Money to Budget for Student Loans

Federal vs Private Loans: Key Differences

There are two main types of student loans: private student loans and federal student loans. Private student loans are borrowed from a bank, credit union, or another lender. Federal loans are backed by the U.S. Department of Education. Important differences between the two include:

•   Only federal student loans were eligible for the payment pause.

•   Fixed interest rates on federal student loans are generally lower than for private loans.

•   Only federal student loans are eligible for income-driven repayment plans, deferment and forbearance, and federal loan forgiveness.

When to Start Paying Federal Student Loans

As noted above, both direct subsidized and unsubsidized loans offer a six-month grace period where loan payments are not required after a student graduates. Here’s how the payment pause may affect your grace period:

•   Students who graduated in December 2022 or earlier will make their first payment after October 1, 2023.

•   Students who graduated in June 2023 will make their first loan payment in December.

When to Start Paying Private Student Loans

Some private student loans operate with a six-month grace period, similar to federal student loans. But not all. If you have a private student loan, check your loan terms to see if you have a grace period.

If you’re looking to take out a private student loan with a grace period, consider reviewing different lenders to see who has the best terms. Unlike federal student loans, interest rates for private student loans vary based on individual factors including your credit history. Because of this, your interest rate might be higher than it would be with federal loans.

Recommended: Private Student Loans Guide

Can You Get More Time Before Paying Back Student Loans?

If you’ve already graduated and you’re having trouble finding a job in your field, you might be stretching your finances as thin as they go. Even your student loan repayments might not get priority. Before you let late payments get the best of you, consider what options are available.

It may be possible to talk to the loan servicer about delaying your payments a little longer. Your lender doesn’t want you to be late either, and might be willing to work with you.

Extended Deferment or Forbearance

Borrowers with federal student loans might qualify for student loan deferment or forbearance, which allow you to temporarily pause payments. Keep in mind that interest may still accrue while your loans are in deferment or forbearance, depending on the type of loan you hold. You’ll be responsible for that interest regardless of when you start making your payments.

The start date of those repayments isn’t the only thing you should be concerned with. If you have student loans, lowering your payment amount is probably on your mind as well. Not sure what your monthly payment is? Use our student loan calculator to estimate your student loan payments.

Can You Lower Your Student Loan Payments?

March 2025: The SAVE Plan is no longer available after a federal court blocked its implementation in February 2025. Applications for other income-driven repayment plans and for loan consolidation are also on hold. We will update this page as more information becomes available.

Depending on the type of loans you have, there are a few different ways you can lower your student loan payments.

Consolidation

If you have many different federal student loans, you might want to consider student loan consolidation. Consolidating your existing loans with a Direct Consolidation Loan means combining all of your federal loans into a single loan and potentially lengthening the term so your payments go down. A longer term, however, means paying more interest over the (now longer) life of your loan.

Your new interest rate will be the weighted average of all your federal loans combined, rounded up to the nearest eighth of 1%, which means consolidation might not lower your interest rate.

Refinancing

Refinancing your student loans is similar to consolidation. However, a refinanced loan uses your credit history to determine your interest rate. Ideally, refinancing will lead to a lower rate. It’s important to note that refinancing student loans forfeits protections that come with federal student loans, like forbearance and income-driven repayment plans.

It’s also possible to lengthen or shorten your loan term. Refinancing can be done with private student loans, federal student loans, or both. Just remember that lengthening the loan term may result in paying more in interest over the life of the loan.

For more on this option, read our take on the advantages of refinancing student loans.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

If you have federal student loans and have a lower income, you might want to look into Income-Driven Repayment plans. There are a few different IDR options that vary based on your income and family size. And recent changes by the Biden Administration make the plans an even better deal for borrowers.

All IDR plans forgive the remaining balance on your loans either 20 or 25 years after you begin paying the loan back. This could be an option to consider if you are a recent grad. Note that while the remaining balance is forgiven at the end of an IDR loan term, that amount may be considered taxable income by the IRS.

What Happens if You Don’t Start Paying Back Student Loans?

If you don’t start paying back your student loans, you can face some pretty serious financial consequences. Your loan will become delinquent after the first day of missed payments. Once you’re 90 days late making a payment on your federal loans, your loan servicer will report the delinquency to the credit reporting bureaus and your credit score will take a hit.

If you have a private student loan, your lender may report you to the credit reporting bureaus after just 30 days. A lower credit score can make it more difficult to secure credit and loans in the future, and if you do get a loan, it might come with less favorable terms and a higher interest rate.

Student Loan Default

After 270 days, your federal loans will enter default. Private loans may default after 120 days, and Federal Perkins loans can enter default immediately after you miss a payment.

Once you’re in default, your credit will take another hit. You might also be subject to having your wages garnished (though the rules on this are different when it comes to federal vs. private student loans).

In addition to wage garnishment and damage to your credit, you may also experience the following negative consequences:

•   Late fees. For example, federal loans that are 30 days late may encounter late fees of 6% of the amount due.

•   Loss of eligibility for loan deferment or forbearance once you default on federal loans.

•   No longer able to choose your repayment plan for federal loans.

•   The government may withhold your tax refund if you fail to pay federal loans.

•   Loss of eligibility for financial aid.

The Takeaway

The payment pause on federal student loans has ended. If you graduated in or before December 2022, your first federal student loan payment will be due sometime after October 1. If you graduated in June 2023 or later, your first payment will be due after six months. Your loan servicer will provide you with a billing statement at least 21 days before your first payment is due. If you can’t afford to resume your monthly payments, federal loan holders have options: deferment, an income-driven repayment plan, or refinancing. Some private student loans also offer grace periods; check with your loan servicer to find out.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FOREFEIT YOUR EILIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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2023
What Are Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS)?

What Are Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS)?

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on What Are Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS)?

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, are one way to hedge against inflation in a portfolio. Inflation, or a sustained period of rising consumer prices, can take a bite out of investor portfolios as the prices of goods and services increase.

These government-issued securities are inflation-protected bonds that adjust in tandem with shifts in consumer prices to maintain value.

Investing in TIPS bonds could make sense for investors who are seeking protection against inflation or who want to increase their conservative asset allocation.

Recommended: Smart Ways to Hedge Against Inflation

What Are TIPS?

Understanding Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities starts with understanding a little about how bonds work. When you invest in a bond, whether it’s issued by a government, corporation or municipality, you’re essentially lending the issuer your money. In return, the bond issuer agrees to pay that money back to you at a specified date, along with interest. For that reason, bonds are often a popular option for those seeking fixed income investments.

TIPS are inflation-protected bonds that pay interest out to investors twice annually, at a fixed rate applied to the adjusted principal of the bond. This principal can increase with inflation or decrease with deflation, which is a sustained period of falling prices. When the bond matures, you’re paid out the original principal or the adjusted principal—whichever is greater.

Here are some key TIPS basics to know:

•  TIPS bonds are issued in terms of 5, 10 and 30 years

•  Interest rates are determined at auction

•  Minimum investment is $100

•  TIPS are issued electronically

•  You can hold TIPS bonds until maturity or sell them ahead of the maturity date on the secondary market

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities are different from other types of government-issued bonds. With I Bonds, for example, interest accrues over the life of the bond and is paid out when the bond is redeemed. Interest earned is not based on any adjustments to the bond principal—hence, no inflationary protection.


💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

How Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) Work

Understanding how TIPS work is really about understanding the relationship they have with inflation and deflation.

Inflation refers to an increase in the price of goods and services over time. The federal government measures inflation using price indexes, including the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The federal government measures inflation using the Consumer Price Index, which measures the average change in prices over time for a basket of consumer goods and services. That includes things like food, gas, and energy or utility services.

Deflation is essentially the opposite of inflation, in which consumer prices for goods and services drop over time. This can happen in a recession, but deflation can also be triggered when there’s a significant imbalance between supply and demand for goods and services. Both inflation and deflation can be detrimental to investors if they have trickle-down effects that impact the way consumers spend and borrow money.

When inflation or deflation occurs, inflation-protected bonds can provide a measure of stability with regard to investment returns. Here’s how it works:

•  You purchase one or more Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities

•  You then earn a fixed interest rate on the TIPS bond you own

•  When inflation increases, the bond principal increases

•  When deflation occurs, the bond principal decreases

•  Once the bond matures, you receive the greater of the adjusted principal or the original principal

This last part is what protects you from negative impacts associated with either inflation or deflation. You’ll never receive less than the face value of the bond, since the principal adjusts to counteract changes in consumer prices.

Are TIPS a Good Investment?

Investing in inflation-protected bonds could make sense if you’re interested in creating some insulation against the impacts of inflation in your portfolio. For example, say you invest $1,000 into a 10-year TIPS bond that offers a 2% coupon rate. The coupon rate represents the yield or income you can expect to receive from the bond while you hold it.

Now, assume that inflation rises to 3% over the next year. This would put the bond’s face value at $1,030, with an annual interest payment of $20.60. If you were looking at a period of deflation instead, then the bond’s face value and interest payments would decline. But the principal would adjust to reflect that to minimize the risk of a negative return.

Recommended: Understanding Deflation and How it Impacts Investors

Pros of Investing in TIPS

What TIPS offer that more traditional bonds don’t is a real rate of return versus a nominal rate of return. In other words, the interest you earn with Treasury Inflation Protected Securities reflects the bond’s actual return once inflation is factored in. As mentioned, I Bonds don’t offer that; you’re just getting whatever interest is earned on the bond over time.

Since these are government bonds, there’s virtually zero credit risk to worry about. (Credit risk means the possibility that a bond issuer might default and not pay anything back to investors.) With TIPS bonds, you’re going to at least get the face value of the bond back if nothing else. And compared to stocks, bonds are generally a far less risky investment.

If the adjusted principal is higher than the original principal, then you benefit from an increase in inflation. Since it’s typically more common for an economy to experience periods of inflation rather than deflation, TIPS can be an attractive diversification option if you’re looking for a more conservative investment.

Recommended: The Importance of Portfolio Diversification

Cons of Investing in TIPS

There are some potential downsides to keep in mind when investing with TIPS. For example, they’re more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than other types of bonds. If you were to sell a Treasury Inflation-Protected Security before it matures, you could risk losing money, depending on the interest rate environment.

You may also find less value from holding TIPS in your portfolio if inflation doesn’t materialize. When you redeem your bonds at maturity you will get back the original principal and you’ll still benefit from interest earned. But the subsequent increases in principal that TIPS can offer during periods of inflation is a large part of their appeal.

It’s also important to consider where taxes fit in. Both interest payments and increases in principal from inflation are subject to federal tax, though they are exempt from state and local tax. The better your TIPS bonds perform, the more you might owe in taxes at the end of the year.

How to Invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities

If you’re interested in adding TIPS to your portfolio, there are three ways you can do it.

1.   Purchase TIPS bonds directly from the U.S. Treasury. You can do this online through the TreasuryDirect website. You’d need to open an account first but once you do so, you can submit a noncompetitive bid for inflation protected bonds. The TreasuryDirect system will prompt you on how to do this.

2.   Purchase TIPS through a banker, broker or dealer. With this type of arrangement, the banker, broker or dealer submits a bid for you. You can either specify what type of yield you’re looking for, which is a competitive bid, or accept whatever is available, which is a noncompetitive bid.

3.   Invest in securities that hold TIPS, i.e. exchange-traded funds or mutual funds. There’s no such thing as a TIP stock but you could purchase a TIPS ETF if you’d like to own a basket of Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities. You might choose this option if you don’t want to purchase individual bonds and hold them until maturity.

When comparing different types of investments that are available with ETFs or mutual funds, pay attention to:

•  Underlying holdings

•  Fund turnover ratio

•  Expense ratios

Also consider the fund’s overall performance, particularly during periods of inflation or deflation. Past history is not an exact predictor of future performance but it may shed some light on how a TIPS ETF has reacted to rising or falling prices previously.

The Takeaway

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities may help shield your portfolio against some of the negative impacts of inflation. Investors who are worried about their purchasing power shrinking over time may find TIPS appealing.
But don’t discount the value of investing in stocks and other securities as well. Building a diversified portfolio that takes into consideration an investor’s personal risk tolerance, as well as financial goals and time horizons, is a popular strategy.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Jul
26
2023
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Typical Personal Loan Requirements Needed for Approval

By | Budgeting & Goals, personal_loan | No Comments

Personal loans can be used for almost any purpose. In fact, they are one of the most flexible ways to borrow money, without the high interest rates that credit cards charge. So, what’s stopping people from borrowing money for a yacht and cruising away to the Mediterranean, never to return? Simple: They need to meet the lender’s personal loan requirements.

Personal loan qualifications vary by lender — there is no universal list. However, there are certain red and green flags that lenders commonly look for in a borrower’s credit history. We’ve compiled them here to help you be more prepared before you apply.

1. Credit Score

One of the key metrics lenders look at when evaluating an applicant for any loan is credit score. There’s no universal minimum credit score for personal loans. However, in general, the higher the credit score, the more likely lenders are to approve a loan and give the borrower a more favorable interest rate. The lower your interest rate, the less money you’ll pay over time. Many lenders consider a score of 670 or above to indicate solid creditworthiness.

If your credit score is lower, you might still qualify for a personal loans for bad credit, but the terms may not be as favorable. Some lenders specialize in working with borrowers with lower credit scores, although you might face higher interest rates or stricter repayment terms.

If you apply for prequalification, many lenders will run a soft credit check (which doesn’t affect your credit score) in order to see if you’re a good candidate for a personal loan. As the process moves forward, and an applicant actually applies for a personal loan, lenders will usually do a hard credit check (that is, a deep dive into your credit history). A hard credit check may knock five to 10 points off your credit score, and can continue to impact your score for a few months.

Most lenders review your credit history as well as your credit score, plus other financial factors like your income, to create a holistic view of your financial situation.

💡 Quick Tip: SoFi lets you view your rate for a personal loan online in 60 seconds, without affecting your credit score.

Key Points

•   Personal loans can be used for various purposes and offer flexibility without high interest rates.

•   Lenders consider credit score, collateral, proof of income and employment, debt-to-income ratio, and origination fees when approving personal loans.

•   A higher credit score increases the likelihood of loan approval and favorable interest rates.

•   Collateral may be required for secured loans, while unsecured loans have higher interest rates.

•   Proof of income and employment is necessary to ensure the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.

2. Collateral

There are two types of personal loans: collateralized and uncollateralized. Collateral is something of value that is used as security for repayment of a loan. In the event of default, the bank or lender may be able to seize the property from the borrower.

When a loan requires collateral, it’s referred to as a “secured loan.” When it does not, it is called an “unsecured loan.” From a lender’s perspective, unsecured personal loans are riskier. Therefore, the requirements for secured and unsecured loans are typically different.

Typically, when people talk about personal loans, they’re referring to unsecured personal loans. Because these loans aren’t backed by collateral, they may have higher interest rates or be harder to qualify for than secured personal loans. Some lenders and banks require collateral for personal loans. Anything from cars to property can be used as collateral, and can be seized in the event that you fail to make your loan payments.

It’s a tradeoff that’s worth weighing before you apply for a loan. If you put your property on the line, you could lose it. But taking that risk may qualify you for a lower interest rate. On the flip side, using collateral on a personal loan can come with hidden costs. For example, some lenders may require you to have additional insurance in the event the collateralized property is damaged.

Awarded Best Personal Loan by NerdWallet.
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3. Proof of Income and Employment

Most lenders will want to be sure that you are gainfully employed and have sufficient income to repay the loan. Proof of income and employment can be required by many lenders to verify how you will repay the loan. This is one way they can determine the likelihood that you’ll pay it back. Plus it can affect things like the interest rate or payback term you’re offered.

Like most personal loan requirements, “proof of income” can mean different things for different lenders. Some lenders require a signed letter from your employer, while others need pay stubs or W2s.

If you are self-employed and want a personal loan, you might need to submit a copy of your tax returns or provide bank deposit information. If you’re considering applying for a personal loan while unemployed, you’ll want to carefully weigh the pros and cons before moving forward.

4. Debt-to-Income Ratio

Another important personal loan qualification is debt-to-income ratio (DTI). DTI compares your gross monthly income to the monthly payments you make on your debt. Generally, the lower your DTI, the more desirable you are as a borrower for any lender.

For example, someone earning $120,000 per year might seem like they’re doing great. That’s $10,000 in gross income per month. But let’s say they’re actually having a tough time making ends meet because they’re paying $6,000 per month toward their credit card and student loan debt. Their DTI is 60%, which is considered high — and might make them less desirable to lenders.

Conversely, someone with a lower income, say $60,000 per year, might get better terms on their personal loan offer if they are only paying $500 a month toward student loans. In this scenario, they are earning $5,000 per month and paying $500 per month toward debt, which makes their DTI 10%.

The lower your DTI, the more desirable you usually are as a borrower for any lender.

Recommended: Can You Use Your Spouse’s Income for a Personal Loan?

5. Origination Fee

This one is a personal loan requirement rather than a qualification. Some lenders charge a one-time “origination fee,” which is intended to cover the cost of processing the loan. Origination fees vary by lender and the borrower’s financial situation. Some lenders charge a flat fee for personal loans, while others charge a percentage of the total loan amount. These fees usually range from 1% to 5%, but they can go as high as 10%.

This can be a considerable sum of money, depending on the loan size. Note that you can typically roll this cost into your loan’s total or pay it out of your loan’s principal.

How to Qualify for a Personal Loan

Savvy consumers know that they may have work to do before applying for a personal loan. Some tasks are relatively quick, like pulling together financial documents. Other things take more time, like practicing good financial habits over the long term so that your credit score is at its best. Once you have your financial ducks in a row, you can feel more confident that you’ll get your personal loan approved.

Below are a few things to keep in mind if you’re considering applying for a personal loan.

Maintain a Stable Income

Lenders typically prefer a borrower with a stable income. If you plan to apply for a personal loan, it may not be the time to change careers.

If there are other ways to boost your income in the meantime, it may help your chances of qualifying and getting favorable loan terms. Whether that means asking for a raise or picking up part-time work, increasing your cash inflow can make you a more desirable borrower in the eyes of a lender — although not all income is considered eligible.

Get a Cosigner or Co-Borrower

A cosigner is someone who agrees to pay the loan if you default. A personal loan co-borrower is someone who may reside with you and takes the loan out with you — their name is on the loan, and you both have an obligation to repay it. Either may improve your chances of qualifying for a personal loan, as lenders view both as an extra layer of repayment security.

Before deciding to bring someone else into the equation, check with your lender if a cosigner or co-borrower is allowed. Then carefully consider the drawbacks. For instance, a cosigner might see a decrease in their credit score if you fail to make a payment. And a co-borrower would have to pay the loan themselves if you default.

Monitor Your Credit Score

If your credit history is less than ideal, you may want to monitor your credit score to learn what actions (or inaction) might hurt it. You can request your credit report for free from each of the three major credit reporting agencies — Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion — at AnnualCreditReport.com.

Check your credit history for errors, such as fraud, misreporting, or a card accidentally opened in your name. Then file a dispute online asking the credit bureaus to remove the errors. But keep in mind that fixing issues on your credit report could take time.

Do your best to pay every bill on time, and try to reduce how much debt you’re carrying relative to your credit limits. For instance, pay down outstanding debt as much as you can. It may also help to pay your credit card bill in full each month.

Applying for a Personal Loan

Often it’s better to save for a big expense, even if it takes a few months or years. However, if that’s not possible, a personal loan can be a better option than charging the expense to a credit card.

When applying for a personal loan, start by figuring out how much you’d like to borrow. (A personal loan calculator can help you decide.) You’ll also want to check your credit, and get prequalified with multiple lenders. Once you choose a lender, you’ll submit your application. This is when you’ll need your financial documents, such as pay stubs, tax returns, and bank statements.

And then hopefully the next and final step is getting approved for a personal loan.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of Personal Loans

how to apply for a personal loan

How to Get a Personal Loan

Wondering where you can get a personal loan? They’re available from banks, credit unions, and online lenders. If you’d like to do business with a particular bank, you might start your inquiries there. Existing customers may get better interest rates or receive their funds sooner.

You can also shop around online to check going rates and terms. With online lenders, it’s easy to compare offers. Plus the entire application process is digital.

💡 Quick Tip: Just as there are no free lunches, there are no guaranteed loans. So beware lenders who advertise them. If they are legitimate, they need to know your creditworthiness before offering you a loan.

The Takeaway

Qualifications for a personal loan typically include a credit score of 670 or more, proof of income, and a debt-to-income ratio below 30%. Some lenders require collateral to secure your loan; if you default, the lender can seize your property. Lenders may also charge an origination fee of 1% to 5%. Before you apply for a personal loan, maintain a stable income, monitor your credit score, and get a cosigner with excellent credit if necessary. The application process is usually straightforward if you have your financial documentation ready.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What can be used as collateral for a personal loan?

Just about any assets you own can be used for collateral on a personal loan. That includes your home, car, savings account, investments, and jewelry or collectibles.

How do I know if I will qualify for a loan?

To “preview” the loan terms you qualify for, you can get prequalified online for a personal loan. You’ll see the loan amount you’re approved for, plus your interest rate, any fees, and repayment term. Prequalification requires a soft credit check only, which won’t hurt your credit score.

Can you get a personal loan without income proof?

Yes, it is possible to get a personal loan without income proof. However, it will be more difficult to qualify, since your credit score and history will have to be exemplary enough to compensate for the lack of income proof. Also, keep in mind that a stable income is more important to lenders than a high salary. If you have a modest income and excellent credit, you can still qualify for favorable loan terms.

What disqualifies you from getting a personal loan?

There are a number of factors that could disqualify you from taking out a personal loan. Examples include a bad credit score, no income, and not being an official resident of the U.S.

Do all personal loans require proof of income?

Generally speaking, most lenders require proof of income, though some may offer unsecured loans without verifying your income. Secured loan lenders might issue a loan without looking at your income or credit history.

What type of personal loan is easiest to get approved for?

One of the easiest types of personal loan to get approved for is a no credit check loan. As the name suggests, these loans offer quick cash to borrowers without requiring a credit check. However, they can have major drawbacks, such as short repayment periods and sky-high interest rates.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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