Understanding the Risks of ESG Investing

Key Points

•   Companies today face material risks pertaining to environmental, social, and governance factors.

•   Many investors now assess company performance in terms of sustainability, in addition to financial factors.

•   Nonetheless, investors may find it challenging to assess which companies meet ESG targets, due to inconsistent frameworks, inaccurate reporting, or false claims.

•   Lack of clarity around ESG standards can lead to greenwashing (the practice of claiming to meet ESG standards when you don’t).

•   Companies which fail to implement effective ESG strategies may face regulatory, reputational, and financial risks.

ESG investing strategies continue to garner strong interest among investors, as well as corporate executives and governments. As recent climate and geo-political events have underscored, companies today face a range of risk factors that may be mitigated by embracing certain environmental, social, and governance standards.

And while many organizations have established methods for evaluating and scoring companies on how well they meet certain ESG benchmarks, there is still no globally accepted set of standards for evaluating and rating company performance according to ESG criteria.

Thus, investors face two potential types of risk when it comes to ESG investing. First, companies today face material challenges in regard to environmental, social, and governance factors, which require ongoing remediation.

But, owing to the lack of widely accepted ESG frameworks and metrics, it can be challenging for companies to evaluate their own progress to ESG targets — and likewise for investors to then evaluate which companies meet ESG targets and which don’t.

Despite the inconsistencies in how various ESG criteria are applied from company to company, however, industry research suggests that ESG funds are competitive with funds that adhere to more conventional strategies.

The State of ESG Standards

In the last 10 years or more, the need to identify and solve for ESG risk factors has prompted numerous organizations to try to develop ESG criteria companies must meet, as well as ways of measuring and disclosing whether they’ve attained specific ESG targets.

In theory, companies that fail to meet certain ESG criteria (e.g., efficient energy use, pollution mitigation, diversity targets, transparency in accounting) would be able to improve their efforts, and thereby mitigate those risk factors.

But the persistent challenge here has been a lack of agreement about how to define and measure — and therefore uphold — meaningful positive strides in terms of key environmental, social, and goverance factors.

A Range of Criteria

ESG criteria and metrics are almost impossible to describe, owing to the wide assortment of public and private (e.g., proprietary) frameworks.

These include the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals, a set of non-binding principles that some organizations use as guidelines, as well as frameworks for reporting and disclosures developed by other non-profits, like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards. In addition, some financial companies themselves have their own proprietary measures.

In recent years, for example, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which oversees the securities industry in the U.S., has undertaken the task of combating the practice of so-called greenwashing by permitting financial firms to label funds “ESG” only when the vast majority of holdings (80%) includes ESG investments.

In addition, in March of 2024 the SEC announced a set of climate-disclosure rules that would apply to all U.S. companies of a certain size. But — in a testament to an industry riven by discord on how sustainable investing should be defined — just a month after issuing new rules that would standardize companies’ climate disclosures, the SEC responded to a spate of criticism and temporarily stayed the ruling.

Recommended: A Beginner’s Guide to Sustainable Investing

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ESG vs. Conventional Strategies

Conventional strategies tend to focus on financial and industry metrics such as profit and loss statements, competitive analysis, and so forth. ESG investing introduces new categories with which to evaluate companies beyond their financials. While ESG is a type of sustainable investing strategy, the term ESG is more specific, in that companies must focus on positive environmental, social, and governance outcomes.

The benefit of ESG and other impact investing strategies is it can help investors put their money towards ethical companies doing good in the world. Again, as noted above, ESG funds may offer returns that are comparable to conventional funds.

5 Risks of Investing in ESG Stocks

As noted, despite the steady interest in socially responsible investing strategies like ESG, the quality and consistency of reporting frameworks and metrics has lagged behind.

Industries and agencies need to establish agreement about ESG frameworks, implementation, disclosures, reporting, and compliance. Given the current hurdles, investors should bear in mind relevant risk factors.

Five key risks of ESG investing include:

Lack of Support for ESG Standards

Companies can decide to embrace ESG standards and hire third party evaluators, but if their employees and executives aren’t knowledgeable about or in support of using ESG criteria, due diligence and compliance will suffer and the company may not reach its goals.

Weak Monitoring

Related to the lack of support for ESG frameworks and standards, many companies may lack robust systems for implementing, monitoring, and tracking ESG metrics, making it difficult to produce accurate reports and ratings.

Compliance May Not Support ESG Frameworks

Even if a company has a comprehensive set of ESG standards, they may not have a thorough compliance program that keeps tabs on ESG issues — and/or ESG standards aren’t well-integrated into risk evaluation assessments.

Inaccurate Reporting

When a company decides to adhere to a certain set of ESG standards, they also need to install control mechanisms to ensure accurate reporting. The SEC reported that many companies distribute disclosures and marketing materials making them look more sustainable than they really were in practice, or with old information that needed updating, because they didn’t have adequate internal checks and balances.

Lack of Diligence Among Fund Managers

The SEC notes that portfolio managers need to review company policies and procedures in regard to ESG factors before investing in that firm.

Why Companies May Want to Reduce ESG Risks

Not only are the above risks to investors, they pose risks to the company as well:

•   Strategic: The idea behind ESG is that the three pillars measure a company’s overall commitment to making positive strides in those areas. If a company fails to implement ESG strategies it could affect their long-term prospects.

•   Regulatory: Failure to comply with regulations, such as those that reduce environmental risks and prevent illicit practices, can directly impact a company’s ability to do business and meet shareholder expectations.

•   Reputational: If a company misleads investors, consumers, and other stakeholders, it could taint their reputation and can lead to financial losses.

•   Financial: It has been shown that strong ESG metrics may help a company financially. Not only can false ESG reporting lead to fines, failure to implement ESG plans can mean a company hasn’t maximized their chance to offset certain risks and increase profits.

How ESG Mitigates Some Risk Factors

While there are risks involved with ESG-focused investing, companies that seek to embrace ESG standards may also mitigate some risk factors for investors.

Investors may benefit by investing in companies that are proactively addressing the challenges of a changing world. For example, implementing a regular risk-assessment review process may help companies identify and plan for emerging risks that may include:

•   Environmental: Preventing pollution and other hazards, complying with regulations, mitigating and adapting to climate risks, investing in renewable energy and energy-efficient systems.

•   Social: Maintaining a diverse workforce, building relationships with communities, governments, and other stakeholders.

•   Governance: Maintaining a strong leadership culture, preventing fraud and illicit activity, supporting transparency in accounting and management practices.

With this in mind, investors may research companies or funds to assess if they’re meeting their own commitments. What are their reporting and disclosure practices? Are they using one of the more well-known standards? Is their information verified by a third party?

The Takeaway

Understanding ESG risks can help investors make more informed decisions about their investment choices. Investors interested in putting their money into sustainable companies can use existing ESG metrics to evaluate the best options, but should be aware of the potential downsides.

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How to Save on Your Electric Bill This Summer

If you feel like your electricity bills get a little higher every summer, it’s not your imagination. For the June-through-September period of 2024, the average U.S. electric bill is projected to be $719, a nearly 8% increase year over year and the highest average in 10 years.

Fortunately, there are some simple things you can do to shrink your bills back down to size. Better yet, they don’t involve sacrificing comfort. While some measures require a small upfront investment, others are completely free. Read on for some of the most effective ways to save on your electric bill this summer.

Review Your Summer Electric Usage

If high electric bills are impacting your bank account this summer, a good first step is to review your electricity use patterns. Many utilities offer dashboards where you can view your daily and monthly usage to learn when you use the most energy. Some utilities even offer a mobile app that allows you to see your electricity usage in monthly, daily, and 15-minute time intervals to help you manage your energy consumption.

Knowing when you tend to use the most electricity — and how this is impacting your bill — can help you become more mindful of your energy usage. It can also give you motivation to make some changes.

Recommended: 8 Ways to Organize Your Bills

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Optimizing Your Air Conditioning System

Air conditioning accounts for about 19% of electricity consumption in U.S. homes, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s most recent statistics. So one of the best ways to save on utility bills is to maximize the efficiency of your air conditioning system.

If you have central air, it’s a good idea to have a professional HVAC specialist perform annual maintenance on your equipment. This can go a long way in ensuring your air conditioner runs at peak efficiency. There are also some simple things you can do yourself to optimize the performance of your air conditioning system:

•  Vacuum air intake vents regularly. This will remove any dust buildup and allow the unit to function at a higher efficiency.

•  Regularly clean or replace air filters. Dirty air filters can restrict airflow, causing air conditioners to work harder and less efficiently.

•  Keep outdoor units clean. If you have a central unit outside, you can optimize performance by keeping your outdoor unit clear of debris and plant growth. The outdoor unit needs space to release heat, so make sure it has at least two feet of clearance on all sides.

•  Use fans to your advantage: Utilizing ceiling fans to circulate air can help you maintain a comfortable temperature while reducing the load on your air conditioner. For the most cooling effect, be sure the fan is turning counterclockwise (if it’s going the other way, you can typically change it by flipping a switch on the fan body).

•  Click up the thermostat: While the most energy efficient temperature is 78°F, that may not be cool enough to keep you comfortable. However, any uptick in your thermostat is helpful. In fact, you’ll save about 3% on your utility bill for every degree you raise the set temperature for your central air.

•  Install a smart thermostat. A smart thermostat can learn your schedule and adjust temperature automatically, ensuring energy is not wasted.

Recommended: How to Split Bills With Roommates

Energy-Efficient Cooling Alternatives

While air conditioning is effective, it is not the only way to keep your home cool. Consider these energy-efficient cooling alternatives to reduce your reliance on AC and lower your electric bill.

Attic Fan

Air from a hot attic can seep into your house and make your air conditioner work harder and more often. Not only does that increase your electricity bill, but it can also shorten the life of your AC system. An attic fan can help by circulating air and pushing stuffy, warmer air out of the house. This, in turn, can keep the entire house cooler. On days when it’s not too hot, it could be all you need.

Geothermal Heating/Cooling

Geothermal systems rely on stable underground temperatures for heating and cooling. They work by circulating liquid through buried tubes, exchanging heat between your home and the ground. It’s an efficient process that uses 25% to 50% less electricity than traditional HVAC systems, according to the Department of Energy. This can lead to a significant savings on utility bills over time.
On the downside, installing a geothermal system involves substantial digging to bury the pipes, which can be costly. Despite the initial expense, however, the long-term energy savings can make it a worthwhile investment.

Recommended: 15 Easy Ways to Save Money

Evaporative Coolers

In dry climates, evaporative coolers (also known as swamp coolers) can be an efficient, cost-effective cooling option. These units work by using a fan to blow air through a water-soaked pad, cooling the air before it enters your home. By cracking windows, hot air can escape, and cool air circulates effectively.

These coolers use less energy and water compared to traditional air conditioning, leading to lower utility bills. However, they are generally only effective in low-humidity climates.

Reducing Heat Gain in Your Home

One of the best ways to use less air conditioning is to reduce the overall heat that comes into your home. If you stop heat from coming inside in the first place, then you don’t have to pay to cool it. This can be one way to lower your energy bill when you’re working from home or if you’re home a lot during the day.

Some strategies include:

•  Ensure you have adequate insulation in the attic and walls. This greatly reduces the flow of heat into your home in the summer.

•  Seal up any cracks. Adding weatherstripping or caulk around doors and windows can help seal up any openings. This prevents the warm exterior air from leaking into your home.

•  Close windows and doors. Whenever it’s warmer outside than inside, it’s wise to close all windows and doors and latch them tightly to reduce heat gain.

•  Cover the windows. Another way to keep the heat outside is to cover windows with shades, blinds, or curtains during the day to block out the sunlight.

Recommended: 14 Reasons Why It’s So Hard to Save Money Today

Smart Appliance Usage and Vampire Energy

Vampire energy refers to electricity that devices consume while not actively in use but in “standby mode.” Common offenders include TVs, desktop computers, printers, device chargers, and kitchen appliances. While each device uses a small amount of power, when added all together, it can make up a significant source of your home’s electricity use.

The simplest way to cut standby power consumption in the summer (and year round) is to unplug devices, or turn off the power strips they are plugged into, when you’re not using them. Another option is to get some smart power strips. These strips help reduce energy waste by automatically turning off power to connected electronics when they are not in use.

When it comes time to replace an old appliance, consider purchasing an Energy Star-certified device. These appliances are designed to minimize phantom loads and improve your home’s efficiency.

The Takeaway

If you’re seeing significantly higher electric bills this summer, know that there are several steps you can take to save on the cost of electricity, even during the hottest months of the year. Some strategies — like cleaning your AC unit or reducing heat gain in your home — require just a small upfront cost, if any. Others (like replacing your heating/cooling system) call for a more significant investment, but can pay off over time by cutting your electricity bills both in the summer and year round.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


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FAQ

What temperature should I set my thermostat to save money?

To save energy, as well as money, the U.S. Department of Energy recommends setting the thermostat to between 68°F and 70°F while you’re awake, and then making it a higher temperature (or, if it’s winter, a lower temperature) while you’re sleeping or away from home.

Are ceiling fans effective in lowering electric bills?

Yes, ceiling fans enhance air circulation and create a cooling effect, allowing you to raise the thermostat by about 4°F without sacrificing comfort.

During the summer, be sure your ceiling fan is turning counterclockwise — this creates a downward draft and circulates the cool air around you. If your fan blades are turning clockwise, you can typically reverse it by turning off the fan and flipping the switch on the fan body. You may also be able to do this using your ceiling fan’s remote.

How much can LED bulbs reduce my summer electric costs?

Lighting accounts for around 15% of an average home’s electricity use, so switching out your incandescent bulbs with more energy-efficient LED bulbs can lead to significant savings over time. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average household can save about $225 in energy costs per year by using LED lighting.


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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Does a Non-Purpose Loan Work?

A non-purpose loan is an alternative type of loan that allows individuals to use investment securities they own as collateral to borrow money. With a non-purpose loan, borrowers can get access to the funds they need and continue to earn potential returns on their investments. However, non-purpose loans come with some financial risks to be aware of.

Read on to learn how non-purpose loans work and their benefits and drawbacks.

Key Points

•   Non-purpose loans are unconventional loans that use investment securities as collateral.

•   Borrowers get access to loan funds and can still continue to earn returns on their investments.

•   These loans can be used for almost any purpose except purchasing securities.

•   A borrower may need investment assets with a market value of at least $100,000 to qualify for a non-purpose loan.

•   If the value of the collateral investments drops, you may have to add more funds to your account or partially repay the loan.

What Is a Non-Purpose Loan?

A non-purpose loan — also known as a securities-backed line of credit (SBLOC) — is a type of secured loan offered by some financial institutions and brokerage firms. Instead of using collateral such as a home or car to back the loan, a borrower uses securities in their investment portfolio.

Interest rates on non-purpose loans tend to be variable, and they may be slightly higher than the rates on personal loans. (A personal loan calculator can help you determine the personal loan rate you might qualify for.) The borrower must make interest-only monthly payments on a non-purpose loan until you decide to pay it off. The loan’s principal can be repaid in increments or all at once.

The Way a Non-Purpose Loan Works

With a non-purpose loan, you borrow money using your investments to back the loan, and you continue to earn any interest, dividends, and capital appreciation on those investments.

The amount you can borrow with a non-purpose loan varies, although you can typically borrow between 50% to 95% of your portfolio. The exact percentage depends on two main factors: the types of assets in your accounts and the value of your portfolio. Lender requirements may also be a determining factor. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender may require you to have assets with a market value of at least $100,000.

Unlike traditional lending products such as personal loans, non-purpose loans are subject to maintenance calls. That means if the value of your investment accounts falls below a certain level, the brokerage or financial institution will ask you to boost the equity in your investments to meet the margin requirements.

In the case of a maintenance call, you’ll need to increase your accounts’ value by either depositing more money in them or partially repaying the loan.

Non-Purpose Loan vs Margin Loan

A margin loan is another type of lending product that’s backed by a borrower’s investment securities. Like a non-purpose loan, a margin loan allows you to borrow against the investments in your portfolio while continuing to earn any dividends and interest. Margin loans are subject to maintenance calls just as non-purpose loans are.

However, there are differences between the two. A margin loan is typically used for the sole purpose of purchasing more securities. A non-purpose loan, on the other hand, can be used for virtually anything other than purchasing securities. To obtain a margin loan you can only use the investments in one account as collateral, whereas you can get a non-purpose loan by using investments in several accounts.

Pros and Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have distinct benefits and drawbacks. For example, these loans are flexible and can be used for many purposes, but they often require borrowers to have investment accounts with a high value.

This chart gives an at-a-glance comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of non-purpose loans.

Pros of a Non-Purpose Loan

Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

May not involve a credit check High asset value may be required
Allows borrowers to earn returns on investments Typically has variable interest rates
You don’t have to sell investments to secure the loan so you avoid capital gains tax. Subject to maintenance calls
Can be used to finance almost anything Can’t be used for purchasing investments

Pros of a Non-Purpose Loan

Non-purpose loans have several features that can make them attractive to borrowers.

May not require a credit check. Unlike traditional loans such as unsecured personal loans, a non-purpose loan might not involve a credit check. Instead, the lender may base the amount of the loan on the value of your portfolio.

Allows investment returns. Borrowers don’t have to sell their securities to obtain a non-purpose loan. They can continue to get possible returns on investments.

May avoid capital gains tax. Because you don’t have to sell securities to get a non-purpose loan, you won’t have to pay capital gains tax.

Provides flexibility. With a non-purpose loan, you can use the proceeds in almost any way you wish. For instance, you can use the money to pay off medical expenses, tide you over during a job loss, or for home improvement funds.

Recommended: Using a Personal Loan for Taxes

Cons of a Non-Purpose Loan

Along with possible benefits, there are some significant drawbacks of non-purpose loans to consider.

High asset value requirements. To qualify for a non-purpose loan, a lender typically requires you to have assets with a high minimum value of at least $100,000.

Variable interest rates. Non-purpose loans generally have variable interest rates, which means the rates can go up and down throughout the life of the loan. You may want to check personal loan rates to compare the interest rates of other lending options.

Subject to maintenance calls. The investments that serve as your collateral for a non-purpose loan are prone to market volatility, so you could be impacted financially. For instance, should the value of your securities go down, the value of your portfolio may no longer meet the collateral requirements for the loan, prompting a maintenance call. In that case, you might have to deposit money in your accounts or partially repay the loan.

Loan funds cannot be used for investing. Unlike margin loans, you can’t use the money from a non-purpose loan to purchase investment securities.

Recommended: How to Pay Tax on Personal Loans

The Takeaway

A non-purpose loan may be attractive to certain borrowers because it gives them the ability to use their investment securities as collateral while continuing to earn money on their investments. However, these loans tend to have high minimum balance requirements and variable interest rates, and they’re subject to maintenance calls, which could be financially challenging. Consider the potential pros and cons of a non-purpose loan to make sure it’s a good option for you.

You can also look into other lending products. While SoFi doesn’t offer non-purpose loans, we do offer personal loans with amounts ranging from $5,000 all the way up to large personal loans of $100,000. You can explore the different types of loans available, and shop around for the best rates, to decide which option is right fit for your borrowing needs.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named a NerdWallet 2026 winner for Best Personal Loan for Large Loan Amounts.

FAQ

What is the meaning of a non-purpose loan?

A non-purpose loan is an unconventional loan that allows you to use securities from different investment accounts as collateral for the loan. For some borrowers, the main advantage to this type of loan is that their investments stay intact, and they can potentially earn money from interest and dividends.

However, there are disadvantages to non-purpose loans. For instance, if the value of your investments drop, you may be required to add money to your accounts or repay part of the loan.

What is the difference between a purpose and a non-purpose loan?

A purpose loan uses investment securities as collateral and is typically used to buy more securities. A non-purpose loan is also backed by investment securities, but it can be used for almost any purpose, except for purchasing securities.

Is a non-purpose loan better than a purpose loan?

Non-purpose loans and purpose loans have different uses and requirements, and one isn’t necessarily better than the other. It mainly depends on what you’re using the loan for. A purpose loan is generally used for one specific purpose, typically to purchase securities. A non-purpose loan can be used for almost anything except purchasing securities. Only you can decide which type of loan is best for your intended use of the funds.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Is Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance (PITI)? A Comprehensive Guide

When your mortgage payment comes due every month, it may look like a single bill. But in reality, you’re likely paying four separate things: principal, interest, taxes, and insurance. PITI is an acronym that bundles these four elements together. But in order to better understand where, exactly, your monthly mortgage money is going, we’re going to take PITI apart and explain each element for you.

Understanding PITI

As discussed above, PITI is the acronym for the four basic components of a monthly mortgage payment. PITI includes:

•  Mortgage principal (the amount you borrowed from the bank)

•  Mortgage interest (the amount the bank charges you for the loan)

•Property taxes (levied by the local government)

•  Homeowners insurance (which covers the cost of repairing or replacing your home under certain covered circumstances)

Importance in Mortgage Payments

Together, these amounts add up to your total monthly mortgage payment — though that amount is not the same as your total monthly home expenses, which also include things like utilities and maintenance. (More on that below.)

Breaking down your PITI and calculating each separate component helps you better understand where your money is going each month. During the home-buying process, it helps you narrow your home search to those that are actually affordable on your budget. And later, knowing what does PITI stand for and what numbers comprise the components of your PITI will help you if you need to request a mortgage interest deduction on your taxes.

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Breaking Down PITI Components

Principal and interest are paid to your mortgage lender, and include both the money you borrowed and the money the bank is charging you for the service of offering the loan. Keep in mind that the amount of principal versus interest will change over the lifetime of the loan in a process known as amortization. To get a full picture of how that works, try out a mortgage calculator that includes an amortization chart.

Meanwhile, your property taxes and homeowners insurance will likely flow into an escrow account, where funds will be used to pay those bills as they come due. Property taxes are almost always included in your mortgage payment, and if you owe money on your home, you will be required to carry homeowners insurance. (Even if you don’t, buying a policy is a good idea. After all, if you’re like many Americans, your home is likely the single most valuable asset in your portfolio.)

Finally, there are also other components that may be part of your monthly mortgage payment — though not part of your PITI. These include extras like PMI (private mortgage insurance) or HOA fees. Not every home purchase will come with these payments, but if you make a down payment of less than 20%, some sort of mortgage insurance is usually inevitable.

Recommended: Property Tax and Your Mortgage: Everything You Need to Know

How PITI Affects Home Affordability

PITI in real estate affects home affordability in a pretty straightforward way: Knowing your PITI ahead of time helps you ensure you’re making an offer on a house that’s truly within your budget. Knowing the cost of a home is one thing, but knowing how much the mortgage will actually take out of your account each month is another. One important rule of thumb: Most lenders prefer that your PITI is less than or equal to 28% of your gross (pre-tax) monthly income.

Fortunately, there are some things you can do to lower your interest rate — which lowers your overall PITI. By keeping your debt-to-income ratio (DTI) low and maintaining a good credit score, you can help ensure you get the lowest interest rates possible, which may expand your home-buying power by qualifying you for a lower rate, no matter the purchase price.

Calculating Your PITI

These days, the easiest way to calculate your PITI is by using an online mortgage calculator with taxes. You’ll need to estimate the home’s annual property taxes based on records kept by your county, and add the insurance premium quoted to you into the mix.

Keep in mind, however, that PITI can (and likely will) change over time as both tax rates and your insurance premiums change each year. Although a fixed-rate mortgage keeps your “PI” static, the “T” and “I” may change your overall monthly mortgage payment over the course of its term. To ensure long-term affordability, consider how increases in each of these categories might work with your budget.

PITI vs. Non-PITI Expenses

As discussed above, PITI doesn’t cover the whole range of homeownership expenses. Along with additional extras like homeowners association (HOA) fees and mortgage insurance, owning a home also means paying monthly utilities as well as any regular repair and maintenance costs.

Those costs can add up, especially if you’re not expecting them. One common rule of thumb is to set aside 1% of your home’s value for repairs each year, with exact figures depending on where you live. (In other words, in some expensive states, like Hawaii, California, and New York, repair costs may be even higher.)

Strategies to Manage and Reduce PITI

Keeping your PITI low keeps your housing expenses low, and while some parts of your mortgage may seem set in stone, others are more negotiable.

For example, did you know that you can challenge property tax assessments (that determine the amount of “T” in your PITI)? Once your home is valuated, if you disagree with the findings, you may reach out to your county or local governance to challenge them. Doing so may lower your taxable property value. (Be warned, however, that if the current valuation does not include recent renovations or, say, a new outbuilding, the taxable value could actually rise.)

Additionally, shopping around for insurance can go a long way toward lowering the second “I” in your PITI. Different insurance companies have different proprietary algorithms and therefore different rates for similar coverage. Additionally, you can play with how much coverage you buy — but use caution before skimping on protecting your home.

Finally, if you already have a home mortgage loan but your creditworthiness profile has substantially improved (and market interest rates are lower than they were when you took out the loan in the first place), refinancing may serve to substantially lower the “P” and initial “I” in your PITI. Remember, though, that you’ll pay closing costs again, so factor in that expense before deciding this is the right financial move for your situation.

Recommended: What Is a Home Inspection

The Takeaway

The acronym PITI describes the four most basic elements of a monthly mortgage payment — but they’re far from the only costs associated with homeownership. Still, understanding PITI can help you find a home that’s within a reasonable purchase price range in the short term — and taking strategic steps to reduce your PITI can help you keep your costs low for years to come.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

How does PITI change over the life of the loan?

If you have a fixed-rate mortgage, your principal and interest payments will always amount to the same total — though the ratio of how much of those funds go toward interest versus principal will shift over the lifetime of the loan in a process known as amortization. Your property tax rate and insurance rate may change over time based on the valuation of your home, changes in the local tax code, and insurance premium changes (or a change in insurers). Thus, your monthly housing cost could shift, and even increase, over time, even if the loan is fixed-rate.

Can I pay property taxes and insurance separately from my mortgage?

In most cases, property taxes and homeowners insurance are paid together with the mortgage, and the funds go into an escrow account where they pay their respective bills as they come due. However, it is possible to secure an escrow waiver from your home lender, which would allow you to pay these expenses separately.

How does PITI affect my ability to qualify for a mortgage?

Lenders calculate your PITI before approving your mortgage application — and if your PITI is too high, you might not get approved. Generally speaking, lenders like to see your PITI equal to or less than 28% of your gross monthly income, though some lenders may approve you if your PITI is slightly higher.

What happens if I can’t afford the full PITI payment?

If your financial circumstances change and you can no longer afford to pay your mortgage, your first move should be to contact your lender. They may be able to negotiate or offer a mortgage assistance service. Talking to a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development foreclosure avoidance counselor could also help — but simply allowing your loan to fall into default could lead to home foreclosure.


Photo Credits: iStock/

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Future Teachers – Top 25 Scholarships for Educators

Becoming a teacher requires a bachelor’s degree and passing certification exams. Depending on the type of school setting, location, and subject area, educators may also need to earn a graduate certificate or degree. Fortunately, there are many teacher scholarships that can help make pursuing a career as an educator more affordable.

Below are 25 scholarships for aspiring teachers that can help cover the cost of undergraduate and graduate degree programs in education.

Key Points

•   Scholarships are available based on academic excellence, financial need, and commitment to teaching, offering opportunities for a variety of candidates.

•   Similar to grants, scholarships provide money you can use toward college tuition and expenses without having to pay it back.

•   Some scholarships encourage recipients to teach in underserved or high-need areas, providing financial incentives to address teacher shortages.

•   Top scholarships for teachers include the TEACH Grant and the STEM Teachers for America’s Future Graduate Scholarships.

•   In addition to scholarships, future teachers can apply for grants, federal student loans, and private student loans to fund their college education.

1. TEACH Grant

The U.S. Department of Education provides Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grants of up to $4,000 per year for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing a career as a teacher. Applicants must be eligible for federal student aid programs, be enrolled at a participating school, and meet academic requirements.

Recipients must fulfill a service obligation to teach a highly needed subject in a low-income area or where there’s a teacher shortage, or else have their TEACH Grants converted to a Direct Unsubsidized Loan.

Recommended: How College Financial Aid Works

2. STEM Teachers for America’s Future Graduate Scholarships

The AFCEA Educational Foundation offers scholarships of $2,500 to graduate students pursuing a degree or credential to teach science, technology, engineering, or math (STEM) subjects to grades K-12 in the U.S. Applicants must have a GPA of 3.5 or higher and complete a B.S. degree in a STEM field.

3. James Madison Graduate Fellowship

The James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation provides around 50 awards of $12,000 per year for college seniors and college graduates who intend to become secondary school teachers of U.S. history, government, or civics. Recipients are expected to complete graduate programs within two academic years and teach for a duration equivalent to the fellowship funding received.

Recommended: 10 Most Common Types of Scholarships

4. Glenn Moon Scholarship

The Association of Retired Teachers of Connecticut offers the Glenn Moon Scholarship, consisting of multiple scholarships of $2,000 per year for students pursuing a teaching degree. Applicants must be residents of Connecticut to be eligible.

5. SoFi Scholarship Giveaway

In addition to teacher scholarships, registering for SoFi’s $2,500 scholarship sweepstakes is another opportunity to get free money for college. Scholarships are awarded on a monthly basis, and registration takes just a couple steps.

6. Barbara Lotze Scholarship for Future Physics Teachers

The American Association of Physics Teachers issues approximately five scholarships of up to $3,000 for U.S. citizens pursuing a degree leading toward a career as a high school physics teacher. High school seniors and current college students are eligible to apply for funding for each year of their degree program.

7. Nancy Larson Foundation College Scholarship

The Nancy Larson Foundation awards a minimum of five $1,500 scholarships to students preparing to become elementary school teachers. Juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have declared an elementary education major are eligible to apply for the Nancy Larson Foundation College Scholarship.

8. TeachDFW Scholarship

The TeachDFW Scholarship awards up to $1,000 to any future educator applying to a teaching program. The scholarship is aimed at addressing the teacher shortage and improving education quality in local Dallas-Fort Worth schools by empowering aspiring teachers.

9. South Carolina Teaching Fellows Program

The SC Teaching Fellows Program provides professional development opportunities and funding for up to 200 high school seniors who have demonstrated community service experience, high academic achievement, and a desire to become a teacher in South Carolina. Fellows can receive up to $24,000 in funds, or up to $6,000 a year for four years, while earning a degree that leads to initial teacher certification.

Recommended: Explaining Student Loan Forgiveness for Teachers

10. National FFA Alumni and Supporters Agricultural Education Scholarship

The National Future Farmers of America (FFA) Organization offers $1,000 scholarships to students pursuing a degree leading to a career as an agriculture teacher. Applicants must be high school senior FFA members or FFA alumni enrolled in a two- or four-year degree program.

11. Joseph T. Weingold Scholarship

The Arc New York Joseph T. Weingold Scholarship awards four New York Arc Chapter employees $3,000 scholarships per year for those enrolled in a New York State degree program, leading to a special education certification.

12. International Teacher Education Scholarship

The Alpha Delta Kappa Foundation grants up to seven awards of $10,000 annually to women from outside the U.S. pursuing a graduate degree in a field of education in the U.S. To be eligible, applicants must have a bachelor’s degree and reside outside the U.S. prior to enrolling in graduate school.

Recommended: 10 Popular Scholarships for Women

13. Next Generation Hoosier Educators Scholarship

The Next Generation Hoosier Educators Scholarship provides awards of up to $10,000 each year for Indiana residents pursuing a career in education. Recipients may renew the scholarship for four academic years. Additionally, recipients agree to teach for five years at an eligible school in Indiana or repay the prorated amount of the scholarship award.

14. High School Senior Scholarship for Future Teachers

The Georgia Association of Educators provides up to 10 awards of $1,000 for high school seniors in Georgia who will attend an accredited college or university and plan to major in education. Applicants must submit two letters of recommendation and complete a 500-word essay on “Identify the Teacher Who Inspired You to Consider Becoming a Teacher and Why?”

15. College Junior/Senior Scholarship for Future Teachers

The Georgia Association of Educators provides awards of $1,000 for rising college juniors and seniors enrolled in an accredited education program at a Georgia college or university. Applicants must submit two letters of recommendation and complete a 500-word essay on “Why Do You Choose to Become a Teacher and What Do You Hope to Accomplish in this Profession?”

16. Underwood-Smith Teaching Scholars Program

The Underwood-Smith Teaching Scholars Program provides 25 awards of $10,000 per year to students enrolled at a West Virginia college or university and pursuing a degree in math, science, elementary education, or special education. Recipients may receive funding for up to four years, and are required to teach in a West Virginia public school for at least five years after graduation.

17. Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Scholarship Program

The California Teachers Association (CTA) provides multiple teacher scholarships of up to $6,000 for California residents pursuing a degree, credential, or certification for a teaching-related career. Applicants must be a member of a defined BIPOC group and either an active member of CTA or CTA Aspiring Educators, or a dependent child of a CTA member.

18. Dakota Corps Scholarship

The Dakota Corps Scholarship provides full-tuition scholarships to South Dakota students who commit to working in critical-need fields within the state, such as teaching, nursing, or engineering, after graduation. It’s awarded based on academic performance and a willingness to serve in high-demand professions in South Dakota’s rural or underserved areas.

19. Al Mance Memorial Scholarship

The Tennessee Education Association provides an Al Mance Memorial Scholarship (in addition to other scholarships) of $1,000 to a male undergraduate or graduate student of color who is enrolled in an education degree program at a Tennessee college or university.

20. Winifred R. Reynolds Educational Scholarship

The Denver Foundation provides awards of $1,000 to $7,000 for Colorado residents enrolled or planning to enroll in a master’s or doctorate level program in early childhood education, child development, or educational psychology. Applicants must demonstrate financial need and a cumulative GPA of 3.5 or higher.

Recommended: How Much Does GPA Matter When Applying to College?

21. Clara Onishi Educator Scholarship

The Clara Onishi Educator Scholarship, part of the Odo Scholarship Foundation, awards one scholarship of $1,250 each year for students enrolled in an accredited teacher education program. Recipients must be a Hawaiian resident and show intent to teach in Hawaii.

22. Minority Teachers of Illinois (MTI) Scholarship Program

The Illinois Student Assistance Commission provides scholarships of up to $7,500 each year for minority students who are enrolled at an Illinois undergraduate or graduate program that qualifies recipients to be licensed teachers upon completion. Recipients must be in-state residents and committed to teaching in Illinois after graduation.

23. Victoria Soto Memorial Scholarship

This four-year renewable scholarship of up to $12,000 is awarded by the Vicki Soto Memorial Fund to four recipients per year: two graduates of Stratford High School, one Connecticut recipient, and one national recipient. Applicants must be pursuing a college degree in education at an accredited school.

24. Teacher Education Scholarship

The Oregon PTA Teacher Education Scholarship offers scholarships of $1,000 for in-state residents studying at an Oregon public college or university to become elementary or secondary school teachers. The scholarship is a one-time award and available to graduating high school seniors or current college students.

25. First-Year Teacher Scholarships

The Texas Retired Teachers Foundation First-Year Teacher Scholarship provides numerous awards of $1,000 to recent college graduates entering their first year of teaching in Texas. Funds may be used to reimburse applicants for the costs of teaching certifications and classroom materials.

Recommended: How Much Does a Teacher Make a Year?

The Takeaway

Applying for multiple teacher scholarships can be a useful strategy to help pay for the cost of college, graduate school, and becoming an educator. The application processes can vary, so it may be helpful to explore and research scholarships that best fit your personal situation and educational and career goals.

It’s not uncommon for students to use multiple funding sources, including grants, scholarships, federal student loans, and private student loans to help cover the cost of college.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What types of scholarships are available for aspiring teachers?

Scholarships for aspiring teachers include merit-based awards, financial need scholarships, and those focused on specific teaching areas such as STEM, special education, or early childhood education. Some scholarships are also offered for teachers pursuing advanced degrees or certifications in specific subjects.

How do I apply for a scholarship for teachers?

To apply for a teaching scholarship, you typically need to complete an online application, submit transcripts, write an essay, and provide letters of recommendation. Some scholarships may also require proof of enrollment in a teaching program or a commitment to work in underserved schools.

Are there scholarships for current teachers pursuing professional development?

Yes, many scholarships are available for current teachers looking to further their education, pursue advanced degrees, or earn additional certifications. These scholarships often focus on supporting teachers who want to specialize in areas like leadership, technology, or special education to enhance their professional skills.


Photo credit: iStock/Choreograph

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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