A bulletin board on a stand displays the words, Welcome to Chicago.

What Is the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)?


Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), is now known as CBOE Global Markets, and it is one of the world’s largest exchanges for trading options contracts, a type of derivative.

Like other global trading companies, CBOE is poised to offer extended trading hours in 2026.

CBOE also operates a range of exchanges and trading platforms for various securities (e.g., equities, futures, digital assets). The CBOE also originated one of the most popular volatility indices in the world, the VIX, a.k.a. the fear index.

While you may already be familiar with the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq, those are only two of the exchanges investors use to trade securities. Here’s where the CBOE fits in.

Key Points

•   The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), now CBOE Global Markets, is the world’s largest exchange for trading options contracts and other derivatives.

•   CBOE operates a variety of exchanges and trading platforms for different securities, including equities, futures, and digital assets.

•   The organization originated the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), which is one of the most popular volatility indices, also known as the “fear index.”

•   Options contracts traded on CBOE are financial derivatives that derive their value from an underlying asset.

•   CBOE has a history of innovating tradable products, and plans to offer extended trading hours of almost 24 hours per day, five days a week, starting in 2026.

What Is the CBOE Options Exchange?

CBOE, or CBOE Global Markets, Inc., is a global exchange operator founded in 1973 and headquartered in Chicago. Investors may turn to CBOE to buy and sell both derivatives and equities. In addition, the holding company facilitates trading various securities across an array of exchanges and trading platforms.

What Does CBOE Stand For?

Originally known as the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the organization incorporated as a holding company in 2010, making the options exchange its core asset. The company changed its name to CBOE Global Markets in 2017.

The organization also includes several subsidiaries, such as The Options Institute (an educational resource), Hanweck Associates LLC (a real-time analytics company), and The Options Clearing Corporation or OCC (a central clearinghouse for listed options).

The group has global branches in Canada, England, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Japan, and the Philippines.

CBOE is also a public company with its stock (CBOE) traded on the CBOE exchange, which investors can find when they buy stocks online.

What Are Options Contracts?

Options are considered derivative investments, as they derive their value from underlying assets. Each option is a contract that can be bought and sold on an exchange (similar to the underlying assets they’re associated with). One option contract generally represents 100 shares of the underlying stock or other security.

Because investors trade option contracts, not the underlying security itself, buying or selling an options contract may enable investors to benefit from price changes in the underlying asset without actually owning it. But trading options is a complex endeavor.

First, an options contract generally costs less than the underlying asset, so trading options can offer investors leverage that may result in potentially amplified gains, depending on how the market moves — or amplified losses. For this reason, options are considered high-risk investments and they’re typically suited to experienced investors.

Recommended: A Beginner’s Guide to Options Trading

History of the Chicago Board of Options Exchange

Founded in 1973, CBOE represented the first U.S. market for traders who want to buy and sell exchange-listed options, in addition to investing in stocks. This was a significant step for the options market, helping it become what it is today.

In 1975, the CBOE introduced automated price reporting and trading along with the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC).

Other developments followed in the market as well. For example, CBOE added put options in 1977. And by 1983, the market began creating options on broad-based indices using the S&P 100 (OEX) and the S&P 500 (SPX).

How the CBOE Evolved

In 1993, CBOE created its own market volatility index called the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX).

In 2015, it formed The Options Institute. With this, CBOE had an educational branch to provide investors with information about options. The Options Institute schedules monthly classes and events to help with outreach, and it offers online tools such as an options calculator and a trade maximizer.

From 1990 on, CBOE began creating unique trading products. Notable innovations include LEAPS (Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities) launched in 1990; Flexible Exchange (FLEX) options in 1993; week-long options contracts known as Weeklys in 2005; and an electronic S&P options contract called SPXPM in 2011.

Understanding What the CBOE Options Exchange Does

The CBOE Options Exchange serves as a trading platform, similar to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or Nasdaq. It has a history of creating its own tradable products, including options contracts, futures, and more. CBOE also has acquired market models or created new markets in the past, such as the first pan-European multilateral trading facility (MTF) and the institutional foreign exchange (FX) market.

The CBOE’s specialization in options is essential, but it’s also complicated. Options contracts don’t work the same as stocks or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). They’re financial derivatives tied to an underlying asset, like a stock, but they have a set expiration date dictating when investors must settle or exercise the contract. That’s where the OCC comes in.

The OCC settles these financial trades by taking the place of a guarantor. Essentially, as a clearinghouse, the OCC acts as an intermediary for buyers and sellers. It functions based on foundational risk management and clears transactions. Under the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), it provides clearing and settlement services for various trading options. It also acts in a central counterparty capacity for securities lending transactions.

Recommended: An Introduction to Stock Options

CBOE Products

CBOE offers a variety of tradable products across multiple markets, including many that it created.

For example, CBOE offers a range of put and call options on thousands of publicly traded stocks, ETFs, and exchange-traded notes (ETNs). Investors may use these tradable products for specific strategies, like hedging. Or, they might use them to gain income by selling cash-secured puts or covered calls.

These options strategies give investors flexibility in terms of how much added yield they want and gives them the ability to adjust their stock exposures.

Investors have the CBOE options marketplace and other alternative venues, including the electronic communication network (ECN), the FX market, and the MTF.

CBOE and Volatility

The CBOE’s Volatility Index (VIX), sometimes called the fear index, is a gauge of market volatility in U.S. equities. It also tracks the metric on a global scale and for the S&P 500. That opens up an opportunity for many traders. Traders, both international and global, use the VIX Index to get a foothold in the large U.S. market or global equities, whether it’s trading or simply exposing themselves to it.

In late 2021, CBOE Global Markets extended global trading hours (GTH) for its VIX options and S&P 500 Index options (SPX) to almost 24 hours per business day, five days a week. They did this with the intention to give further access to global participants to trade U.S. index options products exclusive to CBOE. These products are based on both the SPX and VIX indices.

This move allowed CBOE to meet growth in investor demand. These investors want to manage their risk more efficiently, and the extended hours could help them to do so. With it, they can react in real-time to global macroeconomics events and adjust their positions accordingly.

Essentially, they can track popular market sentiment and choose the best stocks according to the VIX’s movements.

The Takeaway

CBOE, or CBOE Global Markets, Inc., is more than just a hub of global exchanges. CBOE facilitates the trading of various securities across an array of equity and derivatives trading platforms. In addition, CBOE offers educational training and product innovations.

Like other global exchanges, CBOE will offer extended trading hours in 2026, ranging from 23 hours to 24 hours per day, five days a week.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.


Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

What does CBOE do?

CBOE is the biggest options exchange worldwide. It offers options contracts on equities, indexes, interest rates, and more. CBOE is also known for creating the so-called fear index, or VIX — a widely used measure of market volatility.

Is the CBOE only for options trading?

No. While CBOE is known primarily for its roles as an options trading platform, it also operates four equity exchanges, as well as other trading platforms like the CBOE Futures Exchange (CFE), for trading this type of derivative.

What are derivatives?

The term derivatives is used to describe four main types of investments that are tied to underlying investments: futures, options, swaps, and forwards. Each of these types of derivatives can be used to trade an underlying asset such as stocks, foreign currencies, commodities, and more, without owning the underlying security.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

S&P 500 Index: The S&P 500 Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. It is not an investment product, but a measure of U.S. equity performance. Historical performance of the S&P 500 Index does not guarantee similar results in the future. The historical return of the S&P 500 Index shown does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns.
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A woman with a graduation gown draped over her shoulder and a cap in her hand walks toward a building on a college campus.

Understanding Average Graduate Student Loan Debt

Getting a graduate degree can help you move up the company ladder, boost your salary, or switch to a different career. But going back to school can be costly. On average, students rack up $106,129 in student debt to pay for graduate school, based on projections for 2025 by the Education Data Initiative. That average reflects debt for all advanced degrees beyond the bachelor’s level, including master’s and doctoral degrees.

Many students who borrow money to pay for grad school already have debt from undergraduate studies. Their debt from graduate school alone is $95,104.

Fortunately, there are ways to get a graduate degree without taking on a large amount of student loan debt. There are also a variety of payment plans that can make repaying grad school debt easier on your budget after you graduate. Here’s what you need to know about student loan debt for graduate school.

Key Points

•  The average graduate student loan debt is $95,104, and when combined with typical undergraduate debt, totals around $106,129.

•  Debt levels vary: Master’s graduates owe $81,870, while Ph.D. graduates owe $180,757 on average, with higher balances at private schools.

•  Federal options include Direct Unsubsidized Loans (up to $20,500/year, 7.94% rate) and Direct PLUS Loans (up to full cost of attendance, 8.94% rate).

•  To reduce borrowing, students can pursue scholarships, fellowships, tuition assistance, online or accelerated programs, and borrow only what’s needed.

•  Repayment can be managed through income-driven plans, PSLF eligibility, or refinancing (though refinancing federal loans removes federal protections).

What Is the Average Graduate Student Loan Debt?

If you’re thinking about applying to graduate school, you may be wondering how much you’ll need to borrow to cover your costs and whether or not it will be worth it.

On average, students leave graduate school with a student loan debt balance of $95,104 (from grad school alone). How much debt students rack up going to grad school, however, can vary significantly depending on the type of degree they pursue and the kind of school they attend. A doctoral degree generally costs more than a masters, for example, while attending a public, non-profit university is typically cheaper than going to a private, for-profit college.

Here’s a closer look at the average graduate school debt balance for different degrees obtained at different types of institutions.

•  Master’s degrees: The average total student loan debt balance is $81,870 ($64,440 is just from graduate school).

•  Master’s degrees from public schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $69,624 ($47,560 is just from graduate school).

•  Masters degrees from private schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $95,381($79,329 is just from graduate school).

•  Ph.D.s: The average total student debt balance is $77,331.

•  Ph.D.s from public schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $74,978 from graduate school alone.

•  Ph.D.s from private schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $74,977 from graduate school alone.

Take control of your student loans.
Ditch student loan debt for good.


Exploring Options to Finance Graduate School

Grad students can finance their education with federal student loans, private loans, or federal and private student loans. Here’s a closer look at the different types of loans available for graduate school.

Federal Loans

Graduate students can take out two different types of federal loans.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

Currently, you can borrow up to $20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate school, and eligibility is not based on financial need. The interest rate for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate students for 2025-26 is 7.94%, plus an origination fee of 1.057%.

If you borrowed federal funds for your bachelor’s degree, you may be subject to a total federal funding limit of $138,000 in Direct Loans, including the amount of your undergraduate degree. Graduate PLUS (and Parent PLUS loans) are separate from this amount.

However, as part of the big domestic policy bill President Trump signed into law in the summer of 2025, for graduate student borrowers who take out new Direct Unsubsidized Loans on or after July 1, 2026, there will be a new aggregate limit for these loans of $100,000.

Direct PLUS Loans

If Direct Unsubsidized Loans aren’t enough to cover your attendance costs, you can currently turn to Direct PLUS Loans, which have a higher interest rate. You can borrow up to the full cost of attendance for each year, which is set by your university and includes expected living costs for the town or city you’ll be studying in.

Eligibility is not based on financial need, but a credit check is required. Borrowers who have an adverse credit history must meet additional requirements to qualify. The interest rate for 2025-26 is 8.94%, plus a 4.228% origination fee.

It’s important to note that Graduate PLUS loans will be eliminated for new borrowers as of July 1, 2026, as part of the domestic policy bill. Students who took out PLUS loans before that time may continue for the lesser of three additional academic years or until the borrower graduates.

Private Loans

Students can also take out private student loans for graduate school. Borrowers applying for grad school who already have a well-established credit history, may be able to get a lower interest rate from private lenders than from the federal government. This could save you a significant amount of money over time, and also potentially help you get out of debt faster.

You’ll want to keep in mind, however, that the government offers significant protections that can make federal student loan debt easier to manage, such as income-driven repayment plans and student loan forgiveness.

How to Minimize Graduate School Debt

If you are interested in attending graduate school but worried about being saddled with high debt payments after you graduate, here are some ways to make your advanced degree more affordable.

Tap Free Funding Options

Scholarships, fellowships, and grants are some of the best ways to pay for graduate school. You can ask your school about institutional awards and also search for professional organizations focused on the field you’re interested in to see if they offer graduate scholarships. In addition, some schools also offer tuition waivers or some monetary awards for students who serve as teaching assistants.

Ask Your Employer About Tuition Assistance

If you plan to continue working while attending graduate school part-time, it’s worth finding out if your employer offers a tuition assistance program. Some companies will cover all or a portion of their employees’ higher education expenses. There may, however, be some strings attached, such as staying in the company for a specific amount of time. Reach out to your HR department to find out whether your employer offers this benefit and, if so, what the requirements are.

Borrow Only What You Need

There are no subsidized loans for graduate school, which means you’ll need to pay for all the interest that accrues on your loans. With Graduate PLUS loans, you are currently able to borrow up to your school’s cost of attendance, which can include expenses like transportation and child care. However, that doesn’t mean you should access the maximum amount. It’s a good idea to tap savings and income before turning to loans to cover all of your costs. This can help minimize how much debt you have to repay after you get your degree.

Look Into Online or Accelerated Programs

Some schools charge the same tuition for online and on-campus programs, but others charge substantially less for online classes. Also, the faster you can get a degree, generally the less you will have to borrow to pay for it. A one-year MBA, for example, will typically cost significantly less than a two-year program.

Explore Your Repayment Options

Federal loans currently offer income-driven plans that can keep graduate loan payments manageable after you graduate if your income is low. If you pursue a career in public service or nonprofit, you may also qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).
[Compliance: The PSLF article is currently in the process of being updated.]

If you’re getting an advanced degree that will boost your earning power, keep in mind that you may be able to refinance your federal and private graduate school loans after you graduate at a lower rate. This could potentially translate to lower monthly payments and also save you money over the life of your loan. Refinancing can also allow you to remove a cosigner off of your student loans, if you have one.

If you are considering refinancing student loans, keep in mind that refinancing federal loans with a private lender means giving up federal student loan protections such as income-driven repayment plans and PSLF.

The Takeaway

Most graduate students in the U.S. leave school with upwards of $106,000 in graduate school debt. Depending on what type of degree you pursue and where you study, you could end up with less — or more — than the average amount of graduate student loan debt.

If you’re interested in grad school but concerned about debt, keep in mind that you may be able to lower the cost of your degree by getting fellowships and grants, becoming a teaching assistant, tapping your employer’s tuition assistance, and considering an online or accelerated program. You may also be able to refinance your grad school loans at a lower rate after you graduate, making them easier to manage.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How much debt is the average graduate student in?

The average graduate student has about $106,129 in student debt, based on projections for 2025 by the Education Data Initiative. While that also includes debt from their undergraduate degree, their debt from graduate school alone is $95,104.

The exact amount of student debt grad students carry can vary widely, depending on the type of program they were in and the school they attended, among other factors.

Is $100,000 a lot of student loan debt?

For graduate students, $100,000 is about the average amount of student loan debt they hold, which is approximately $106,129 in 2025, according to projections from the Education Data Initiative. By comparison, the average undergraduate student debt is $39,075.

What is the average student loan debt for a doctoral degree?

The average student loan debt for borrowers with a doctoral degree is $180,757, according to the Education Data Initiative. Debt for those with professional doctorates, such as doctors and lawyers, have the highest average student loan debt of $213,439.


About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A smiling young woman sits on a couch with a laptop while holding a college acceptance letter.

What Is an Acceptance Letter for College? What to Expect

An acceptance letter is a college’s formal invitation for you to enroll in their programs as a student. Depending on the type of admission you applied for, letters will be delivered from December through April. Once received, you have the option to accept or decline the offer.

Financial aid offer letters may look similar to an acceptance letter, but differ in key points. Financial aid offer letters, also known as award letters, will outline financial aid (if any) and a summary of the cost of attendance. Generally, an acceptance letter and an offer letter are sent together. In some cases, though, offer letters may be sent after acceptances.

Read on to learn more about what an acceptance letter is, what an offer letter is, when to expect an acceptance letter, and how to respond to an acceptance letter.

Key Points

•  A college acceptance letter is the school’s official invitation to enroll, usually sent between December and April depending on application type (early decision, early action, regular, or rolling admission).

•  An acceptance letter confirms admission, while a financial aid offer letter outlines costs, scholarships, grants, loans, and deadlines for accepting aid.

•  Acceptance letters may also include prospective student event details (like orientation) and key deadlines — with May 1 often being the national decision deadline.

•  Students should compare financial aid offers, weigh academic fit, location, and campus culture, then choose the best college for their goals and finances.

•  Once a student commits, they should decline other offers promptly so spots can be given to waitlisted applicants.

Basic Definition of an Acceptance Letter

Acceptance letters will generally contain the three following components:

1.   A university’s offer to enroll and reasons the applicant stood out.

2.   Details about on-campus events for prospective students.

3.   Important deadlines and information on ancillary documents, such as a financial offer letter.

Students who apply for regular decisions generally receive their decision letters in March and April, but early decision and early action decision letters may be sent as soon as December.

Offer Letter vs Acceptance Letter for College

As mentioned, an acceptance letter details whether or not a student has been admitted into a specific college. Financial aid offer letters, also known as financial aid award letters, break down the tuition cost, scholarships and grants awarded, work-study programs offered, and federal student loan options available.

In order to apply for federal financial aid, students are required to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA®, annually. The information provided on the FAFSA helps determine the types of aid, and aid amounts, that students qualify for.

Scholarships and grants are funds awarded to students that do not need to be repaid. Loans are either provided by the government or a private entity and are repaid by the borrower, though only federal student loans would be included as a part of a student’s federal aid package. Work-study is a federal program that offers employment to students who qualify and have filed a FAFSA.

Furthermore, colleges use the information provided on the FAFSA to determine awards based on needs and merit.

In cases when federal aid isn’t enough to pay for college, students may consider private student loans to help fill in funding gaps. Keep in mind, though, that private student loans aren’t necessarily afforded the same borrower protections as federal loans — things like income-driven repayment or deferment options. That is why private student loans are generally only considered after all other options have been depleted.

College Acceptance Letter College Offer Letter

•   Formal acceptance into college program

•   Excludes Cost of Attendance (COA) info

•   Shares details of optional prospective student campus events

•   Contains important deadlines, usually the date to accept/decline the offer to enroll

•   Sent with or after acceptance letter

•   Outlines Cost of Attendance (COA)

•   Shares details of scholarships and grants awarded, as well as suggested loans

•   Contains deadline to accept/decline financial offer

College Acceptance Letter Dates

College application deadlines vary by college and so will college acceptance letter dates. Acceptance letters are sent out on dates depending on the type of application you submitted: regular, early action, restrictive early action, or early decision.

Applying for college early is one way prospective students can complete the application and acceptance process on an early timeline. It can be a path for those who have researched colleges thoroughly and want to get into a specific college.

Early action gives you a chance to apply to several colleges at once. Restrictive early action typically allows you to apply early to a single college, with the exception of public universities. Applicants who choose these routes are not obligated to accept their offer if admitted.

Early decision applicants apply to one school early decision and, if accepted, are required to commit. If an early decision applicant is accepted, they must withdraw their application from all other schools.

Additionally, some schools offer a more flexible rolling admission process. Instead of waiting to evaluate applications after specific deadlines, schools review applications as they are submitted (on a rolling basis). Generally, they’ll continue accepting applications until all of the open slots in their program are filled.

This table provides an overview of the types of applications, their general deadlines, and information on when students may accept a decision. Keep in mind that these dates are broad guidelines, and students should confirm all deadlines with the schools of interest.

Application Application Deadline Decision Dates (General)
Regular Decision December, January, February March-April
Early Action November December-January
Restrictive Early Action November December
Early Decision November 1-15 (some December and January) December-January
Rolling Admission Varies by school Typically within four to six weeks of submitting an application

When Do College Acceptance Letters Arrive?

Depending on the type of application, your college acceptance letter may arrive between December and April. Financial aid offer letters will be sent with or may follow acceptance letters.

What Does a College Acceptance Letter Say?

A college letter of acceptance will share the admission decision and may offer a list of upcoming events, such as when orientation will take place. It will also contain a deadline for you to submit a final decision.

The Decision

The first paragraph gets straight to the point: you’re in! It may also detail why you stood out from other applicants.

Prospective Student Events

Your letter may contain information on upcoming event dates and inform you on incoming ancillary documents, such as your financial offer letter.

Acceptance Deadline

The last portion of your letter will have important deadlines, including the date to accept the college’s offer. May 1st has become widely known as the deadline for students to make decisions about the college they’ll enroll in. Keep in mind that while this is a popular date for decision deadlines, colleges may have their own deadlines and applicants who applied early may have an earlier deadline.

Recommended: 7 Tips to Prepare for College Decision Day

How to Respond to College Acceptance Letter

Colleges typically send acceptance letters via email or through the college application portal you set up when you first applied, and you can generally accept or decline through the portal. However, some schools will send acceptance letters and forms to formally decline or accept their offer by snail mail.

Be sure to educate yourself and stay connected to your top choice colleges’ admissions offices on how to respond to their college acceptance letter and to prevent missing important communications.

1. Weigh Your Options

College tuition is rapidly increasing — and can play a major role in your decision.

Compare financial offer letters to determine the best deal. If a college offers more aid, but has a substantial cost, then another college with less aid and a smaller price tag might impact your decision.

There are no standard offer letter forms, so cross-checking their website with your offer letter and getting advice can be helpful. You can also follow up with college admissions offices with your questions.

2. Choose Which College You Want to Attend

Of course, other factors will weigh into your decision-making. According to The Princeton Review’s 2025 “College Hopes & Worries” survey, students are split between prioritizing “overall fit” and “program for my career interests” when choosing a college. Nearly half (47%) of respondents chose the answer “College that will be the best overall fit,” while nearly a third (32%) selected “College with the best program for my (my child’s) career interests.” Only 11% chose “College that will be most affordable” and only 10% chose “College with the best academic reputation.”

You can break down your decision even further with the following questions:

•  How strong is the academic rigor of the program I’m pursuing? Is the program a fit for me?

•  How important is the location to me?

•  What stands out to me about the campus culture?

•  Is this institution the right fit for my financial situation?

•  Does it have strong career preparation programs and resource offices?

Choosing a college will take time. But with research and guidance, you can have more confidence in making your final decision.

3. Find Funding for the School You Choose

Financial aid from schools, private entities, and the government may help put an expensive college within reach. If your top choice is not fully covered by out-of-pocket finances and other sources of financial aid, applying for a private student loan is an option.

Also, getting a job during the summer or working while in school can help with tuition and daily needs.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

4. Decline Other College Acceptance Letters

Once you’ve accepted a school offer, be sure to notify other colleges that accepted you that you are declining their offer as soon as possible. This enables them to offer your spot to waitlisted prospective students.

The Takeaway

Your college admission acceptance letter and financial aid offer letter are key to deciding your next steps. From as early as December until April, you may receive college decision letters. Unless you applied early decision, waiting to receive all college acceptance letters can help you evaluate your options.

Funding your education will be one of the most important decisions you make. Compare your financial aid offer letters to determine which school offers the best value. Most colleges will give you until May 1 to accept or decline their offer and financial aid package (if any).

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How do I get my college acceptance letter?

Typically, colleges will send your acceptance letter via email or through the online college application portal you used to submit your materials. For a few schools, especially those with an older or more traditional process, you may still receive a physical acceptance packet by postal mail, which often includes a congratulatory letter, forms to formally accept or decline the offer, and additional information about the college. Always check the admissions page of your chosen schools for their specific communication method.

When should I expect my college acceptance letter?

Acceptance letter arrival times depend on the type of application you submitted. If you applied via early action or early decision, you can generally expect a decision between December and January. Regular decision applicants usually hear back in March or April. For rolling admission, schools review applications as they come in, and you will typically receive a decision within four to six weeks of submitting your application. Always confirm specific dates on the college’s admissions website.

Do colleges still send out physical acceptance letters?

While digital communication is now the norm for college admissions, some institutions, especially those with established traditions, continue to send physical acceptance packets through the postal mail. These often contain a formal congratulatory letter, along with hard copies of forms needed to accept or decline the offer, and various campus-specific materials. Therefore, you may receive both an email notification and a packet in the mail.


Photo credit: iStock/Adene Sanchez

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10 Ways to Invest $1000 in 2026

If you’re looking for ways to invest $1,000, there are numerous options available, including stocks, bonds, Treasurys, and more. But how do you get started? And which option — or options — may be right for you?

While it’s impossible to predict how the market will perform in 2026, many investors have taken note of the economic and market conditions in 2025, e.g., increased interest in tech stocks, a slower real estate market, the impact of tariffs on global markets, and so on. Inevitably, these trends are likely to change, but understanding the different market dynamics can be valuable.

Read on to learn about different ways to invest $1,000 — or any other amount — how they work, and the pros and cons of each one to help you make an informed decision to help reach your financial goals.

Key Points

•   Align investments with financial goals, investment timeline, and risk tolerance.

•   Investing in an emergency fund can help cover unexpected costs.

•   A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings account that families can invest in to save for education expenses.

•   ETFs tend to offer ease of trading, lower fees, and potential tax efficiency.

•   Contributing to tax-advantaged IRAs could help build retirement savings.

A Look-Ahead for Investing in 2026

There’s a reason this classic investing mantra has stood the test of time: “Past performance is no guarantee of future returns.” Will the trends of 2025 — interest in artificial intelligence, worries about interest rates — persist in the year to come? It’s hard to say, and there’s no guarantee.

A better approach for investors who are curious about ways to invest in 2026 and beyond is not to focus on short-term trends, but rather use those markers as information about investor behavior and markets in general.

Getting to know those basics can help you make choices in light of your own goals and financial circumstances, as will the following 10 suggestions.

1. Getting Into the Stock Market With Index Funds

Investors who want to ease into the stock market may want to consider index funds. Investing in index funds is a passive investing strategy that may be less risky than buying individual stocks or securities. Index funds follow a market index and track it to mirror its performance.

Why S&P 500 Index Funds Might Make Sense

S&P 500 index funds track the S&P 500 index. These funds give investors exposure to the stock performance of about 500 of the leading companies on the market.

When you buy shares of an index fund, your money is basically invested in the many companies that make up the index. This helps provide some diversification to an investor’s portfolio.

Index fund investing has some advantages, such as ease of management and relatively low entry costs in some cases. However, investing in S&P 500 index funds does have risks. In the event of a broad market downturn, for instance, your portfolio could take a significant hit, depending on its specific makeup.

The Long-Term Benefits of Tracking the Market

Broad index funds track the performance of the market over time, which tends to go up based on historical data. As for the S&P 500, it has grown over time — but not without some hiccups along the way. The S&P 500 has averaged about 10% annually over time — or about 7% a year when adjusted for inflation.

2. Investing in ETFs

Exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, are another potential option for investors looking at how to invest $1,000. ETFs offer a way to gain broad exposure to a potentially wide variety of different types of investments, such as different sectors or asset classes.

How ETFs Offer Accessibility to Beginners

Purchasing shares of an ETF works much like purchasing shares of an individual company’s stock. Investors can find them on online investment platforms and as investment options for many retirement accounts, for example.

However, like other types of investment vehicles, ETFs have pros and cons, and it’s important to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks. As for the advantages, ETFs can be easy to trade, offer a degree of built-in diversification, tend to have lower fees, and may be more tax-efficient than some other assets like mutual funds.

Disadvantages of ETFs may include lack of exposure to certain industries or asset types, or conversely, ready access to ETFs that might be based on highly complex and high risk assets or strategies. It’s important to research investments thoroughly before putting money in them, including ETFs. ETFs may also not precisely match the performance of the index they’re tracking — or might on some occasions go more widely offtrack.

Comparing Popular ETF Options

Interested investors can explore broad index-focused ETFs, or any number of others. There are ETFs for bonds, real estate, oil, other commodities, and even currency, among other types.

For example, say an investor wants exposure to gold mining stocks. But researching all of the different mining companies out there, examining their plans, management, profitability, and more could be overwhelming. Such an investor may want to consider ETFs that include some gold mining stocks instead.

3. Creating an Emergency Fund

Having an emergency fund is important. When unexpected expenses or situations pop up, as they inevitably do, an emergency fund can help cover those costs.

For instance, a person might need surgery and end up with a big medical bill they weren’t planning on. Or perhaps they get laid off from your job. The money in an emergency fund can help you cover the bills.

How Big Your Fund Should Be

Most financial professionals advise having three to six months’ worth of expenses in an emergency fund. It’s possible to start by investing $100, $1,000, or even $50 to get started, and commit to adding more of a cushion over time. It’s also possible to automate deposits, which can help you save.

4. Securing the Future With Retirement Funds

A tax-advantaged retirement account is designed to help people save for the future. Investors could consider opening an IRA or enrolling in an employer-sponsored account like a 401(k). There are also certain types of accounts, like SEP and SIMPLE IRAs, that are designed to help small business owners and people who are self-employed save for the future.

The Advantage of IRAs

There are different kinds of individual retirement accounts, including traditional and Roth IRAs. Both types of IRAs are tax-advantaged, but there are differences between them. With a traditional IRA, an individual contributes pre-tax dollars. These contributions are generally tax deductible because they lower taxable income. The money in the account grows tax deferred, and the individual pay taxes on withdrawals in retirement.

Contributions to a Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars and are typically not tax deductible. The money grows in the account tax-free and withdrawals in retirement are also tax-free — as long as the account has been open for at least five years.

Maximizing 401(k) Matches

Maxing out a 401(k) retirement plan can be another option for investors to consider. Some employers match employee contributions to 401(k) accounts up to a certain amount. This employer match is essentially free money. Investors who have $1,000 to invest may want to consider putting it in a 401(k), if they have access to one, especially if doing so could help them get their employer’s match.

5. Stepping Into Tech With Robo Advisors

Robo advisors are not robots, but rather sophisticated computer algorithms that pick investments for investors and help them manage those investments. Using this kind of technology may be appealing to some investors because it takes much of the guesswork, calculation, and research out of the investing process — while still offering high-quality professional guidance.

Simplifying Investments With Technology

Generally, an online robo advisor will ask an investor some questions about their investment goals, risk tolerance, and desired retirement age (or the time until they’ll need the money for another goal). Then, based on those answers, the platform generates a portfolio, and the amount of money the investor would like to invest will be allocated accordingly.

There are typically several different pre-set portfolios robo advisors recommend to investors, ranging from conservative risk, to moderate risk, to aggressive risk.These portfolios usually provide a mix of assets that align with an investor’s tolerance for risk, which is determined by the answers given to the robo advisor’s questions.

For example, conventional wisdom says that younger investors may take more risk because they have more time to make up for potential losses. On the other hand, older investors who are closer to retirement are generally advised to be more conservative, since steep losses could compromise their retirement plans.

Disadvantages of Automated Portfolios

It’s important to understand the potential downsides of using a robo advisor. For example, there may be limited personalization and flexibility, which could be a turn-off for investors who want to take a more active hand in their portfolio.

Typically, there is also a lack of human input, so an investor may not be able to speak with someone at their brokerage as easily as they might like. And finally, robo advisors generally have fees and costs investors should be aware of, though they are typically much less than those of a financial advisor.

6. Paying Down High-Interest Debts

Paying down debt may not seem like an “investment” in the traditional sense. However, an individual could think of it as an investment in their financial future since wiping out debt could free up money that might otherwise go toward interest payments. They could then invest or save that money instead.

There are a lot of different strategies to pay down debt, but the process can start with some simple steps: Create a budget, set goals, and stick to them.

In terms of specific methods, one common debt-payoff strategy is the snowball method, which involves paying debt with the lowest overall balance first, and then moving on to the next lowest debt and so on.

With the avalanche method, an individual focuses on paying off the debt with the highest interest rate first, and then moves to the debt with the next highest rate.

7. Investing in Stocks

Stocks are shares of ownership in a company. An investor interested in buying stocks could do research and find a company that they believe will appreciate in value over time and then buy shares of that stock through a brokerage account. However, while stocks may potentially offer a bigger return on investment than some other assets, such as certain bonds, they can also be highly volatile and involve more risk.

Fractional Shares

Because of their risk and volatility, stocks may be best for those with a diversified portfolio who are willing to take on more risk. Another option is something called fractional shares. A fractional share is less than one whole equity share of stock. For example, it might be 0.42 of a share of a stock.

Fractional shares allow access to stocks that might otherwise be out of reach because of their expense. For beginning investors, they could be a way to invest small amounts of money into part of a share of stock. If a stock is $100 a share, for instance, an investor could potentially buy 0.50 of a share for $50, hypothetically.

There are some disadvantages of fractional shares to be aware of. Among other drawbacks, fractional shares may incur higher transaction fees. Also, some fractional shares might be less liquid than full shares of stock, making them more difficult or time consuming to sell. Investors should carefully consider the pros and cons of fractional shares before investing.

8. Exploring Passive Income Opportunities

Passive income is income that typically comes from a source that requires less time and effort than most regular jobs do. It could be a side hustle, renting out something a person owns like their car or bike, or starting a blog or YouTube channel. Some passive income opportunities may require a little capital to get off the ground; even so, many can be started for $1,000 or less.

Getting Started With Passive Ventures

There are dozens of ways to put money to work and start a passive income venture. In addition to the passive income ventures mentioned above, alternatives include publishing an ebook, selling homemade artwork or clothing online, or creating an online course around something that teaches a skill, like photography.

Some of these options will require a little start-up cash, but they could end up bringing in some extra money.

Low-Investment Ideas for Passive Earnings

Some other potential ways to earn passive income is through certain investments with $1,000. For example, if an individual owns stocks or ETFs that pay dividends, those dividends are considered passive income. Or, if they own property, they could use their $1,000 to spruce it up and then rent it out and possibly earn passive income that way.

Just remember, investing involves risk, as does starting a new business venture. There are no guarantees that it will be successful.

9. Investing in Your Child’s Education With a 529 Plan

For those with children, investing in a 529 college savings plan can be a way to help pay for their education, especially as school costs continue to rise. Think of it as investing in their future.

The Basics of 529 Plans

A 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings account that allows families to save for education expenses. Contributions to the account grow tax-free, and as long as the money is withdrawn for qualified education expenses like tuition, books, and room and board, the withdrawals are also tax-free.

529 plans aren’t just for college. They can be used to help pay for some K-12 expenses and also for trade schools.

Long-Term Benefits for Your Family

529 plans can be used to ease the financial burden of school and/or college, and they offer tax-free growth. With the rising costs of schooling, saving and investing for tuition early on can be helpful.

Beneficiaries of 529 plans (aka your children) can even withdraw up to $10,000 tax-free (this is a lifetime amount) to help repay their student loans later on, thanks to the SECURE Act. And any unused 529 funds can be used to fund a Roth IRA for the student.

10. Consider Bonds and T-Bills

When deciding how to invest $1,000, individuals may want to explore lower-risk investments, such as savings bonds and T-bills.

The Stability of Government Bonds

Savings bonds are issued by the federal government, and they are generally considered to be one of the least-risky investment options. Individuals are essentially guaranteed to get back the amount they invested in them. They buy these bonds for their face value and the bonds pay interest over a specific period of time. When the bonds mature, the individual gets their principal back.

A Treasury bill is a short-term debt obligation — similar to a loan — issued by the U.S. government. T-bills typically mature in one year or less, and at that point a person gets back the amount they invested plus interest.

Making Your Investments Work Harder

Choosing how to invest requires some research and careful consideration. And monitoring investments regularly could help an individual make sure they are satisfied with them. If an investment option isn’t working, they can always make a change.

When to Pivot Your Investment Strategy

Reasons to pivot or change an investment strategy include a change in financial goals (maybe an individual wants to start saving for a house, for instance), a change in financial situation (perhaps job loss — or landing a new job with a higher salary), or a major life event (like getting married or having a baby). These can all be times for an individual to reevaluate strategy and decide whether they need to switch it up to meet their new priorities.

It might also be time to pivot to a new strategy if there are changes in the market or investments aren’t performing the way an investor hoped they would.

A person’s appetite for risk and/or investment timeline may change as well. For example, as they get closer to retirement, they may want to be more conservative with their investments and pivot to lower-risk options.

The Takeaway

There are many different ways to invest $1,000, including investing in the market, contributing to a retirement account, or launching a passive income strategy. An individual could consider different options to help determine what works best for their current financial situation and priorities.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest®. You can trade stocks, ETFs, or options through self-directed investing with SoFi Securities, or simply automate your investments with a robo advisor from SoFi Wealth. You'll gain access to alternative investments and upcoming IPOs, and can plan for retirement with a tax-advantaged IRA. With SoFi, you can manage all your investments, all in one place.


Take a step toward reaching your financial goals with SoFi Invest.

FAQ

What is the safest investment with the highest return?

There is no single safe investment with a guaranteed highest return. An investor should consider their own personal risk tolerance, investing timeline, and goals when choosing an investment. However, generally speaking, lower-risk investment options could include savings bonds and T-bills that are backed by the federal government, give an investor back the principal they invested, and pay interest.

Where should I put $1,000 right now?

Where to put $1,000 right now is up to you and depends on your personal situation, investing timeline, risk tolerance, and financial goals. However, some options to potentially consider include starting an emergency fund if you don’t yet have one, putting the money in a retirement account like a 401(k) or IRA to save for your future, or investing in a 529 plan for your child’s education.

What is the smartest thing to do with a lump sum of money?

What you choose to do with a lump sum of money depends on your financial goals and personal circumstances. Some potential options include using the money to pay off debt, start an emergency fund, or put into a retirement account.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Mutual Funds (MFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or clicking the prospectus link on the fund's respective page at sofi.com. You may also contact customer service at: 1.855.456.7634. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.Mutual Funds must be bought and sold at NAV (Net Asset Value); unless otherwise noted in the prospectus, trades are only done once per day after the markets close. Investment returns are subject to risk, include the risk of loss. Shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of a mutual fund will not protect against loss. A mutual fund may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

S&P 500 Index: The S&P 500 Index is a market-capitalization-weighted index of 500 leading publicly traded companies in the U.S. It is not an investment product, but a measure of U.S. equity performance. Historical performance of the S&P 500 Index does not guarantee similar results in the future. The historical return of the S&P 500 Index shown does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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The Essentials of Stock Float and Its Impact on Investing

Floating stock, or stock float, refers to the number of shares a particular stock has available to trade. Whether you’re a veteran or a rookie when it comes to the stock market, you have likely come across the term “stock float.”

Understanding stock float is important, since it can provide insight into a stock’s liquidity as well as its potential volatility and risk — all of which can help you decide if a stock might belong in your portfolio.

Key Points

•   Stock float represents the number of shares available for public trading, excluding locked-in and restricted shares, which affects how easily investors can buy or sell a stock.

•   Lower stock float generally leads to higher volatility, as increased demand can significantly impact stock prices, while higher float stocks tend to be more stable.

•   Investors can analyze stock float by calculating the difference between outstanding shares and restricted shares, which helps them assess a stock’s liquidity and potential price movements.

•   Low-float stocks can be attractive to day traders due to their potential for rapid price changes but come with increased risks, including market manipulation and liquidity issues.

•   Understanding stock float dynamics aids investors in making informed decisions, as it influences trading strategies and the overall market behavior of stocks.

Unpacking the Concept of Stock Float

Floating stock is the number of shares available for trade of a particular stock. The number of floating shares is referred to as the stock float or simply “the float.” Stock float is important because it indicates how many shares of a stock can be bought and traded by investors in general.

To calculate the amount of floating stock available, subtract the number of locked-in shares and restricted stock from a firm’s total outstanding shares.

Restricted stock generally refers to shares that cannot be traded without special exception from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). One such example of this is stocks that are restricted by the SEC from sale during a lock-up period after an initial public offering, where certain shareholders (such as employees and major investors) are not allowed to sell their stock for that given period. This may be done in an attempt to stabilize the price of the stock.

No matter the reason, if there are shares that are not available for trade in the market, then they will not be tallied in the final float count.

How Stock Float Influences Market Dynamics

Stock float is something investors find helpful because it indicates the ownership structure of a company. Also, the lower the stock float, the more volatile the stock may be. If there is more demand from investors than available stock to buy, that could send the price of the stock up. And if demand for the stock drops, the stock’s price could fall.

The Significance of Stock Float in Investing

Investors find stock float useful because it tells them how many shares of stock are available to be publicly bought and sold. It also offers an indication of a stock’s volatility, as noted above. A stock float that’s low could push up the price of the stock if there is great demand for it.

Analyzing the Impact of Float on Stock Performance

Stock float can indicate to investors how many shares of stock are available to buy and sell, and thus, how volatile a stock may be. Stocks with a higher float tend to be less volatile, while those with a lower float tend to have higher volatility.

Stock float is just one metric or tool investors can use to analyze a stock and how it might potentially perform.

Stock Float Compared: Authorized, Outstanding, and Floating Shares

Authorized shares are the most shares of stock that a company can issue. Outstanding shares are the number of shares the company actually has issued. A company does not have to issue all of its authorized shares.

Floating shares refers to the number of a company’s shares that can be bought and sold. Stock float is calculated by subtracting a company’s restricted shares from their outstanding shares. If a company has 100 million outstanding shares, with 15 million of them locked in, this company’s float would be 85 million.

This means that 85 million shares of this company’s stock are available for trade on the open market. These are the shares that you could hypothetically purchase with a broker, brokerage account, or other trading platforms that have access to the major stock exchanges.

Identifying and Interpreting the Float of a Stock

Identifying the float of a stock requires a fairly simple calculation. You can find a stock’s float by subtracting any restricted shares of the stock from the outstanding shares.

Typically, you can also look at a company’s balance sheet to find the number of outstanding shares and floating shares.

Interpreting What the Float Tells You About a Stock

The float of a stock tells you how many shares of that stock are available for buying or selling. Low float stocks (those with fewer shares available to buy and sell) tend to be more volatile, as discussed earlier, because there are fewer shares available for trading.

The Implications of Low vs High Stock Float

When considering low float stocks and high float stocks, the following are some things investors might want to keep in mind.

Advantages and Risks of Low-Float Stocks

The benefits of low-float stocks apply mainly to day traders who hope to earn big profits in a short period of time. Each trade of a low-float stock could have a big impact on the value of the stock. For example, if there’s good news about a company whose stock float is low, demand for the stock may rise, and the stock’s price could go up.

Conversely, if news about the company is bad, demand for the stock could plummet, along with the stock’s price. This leads to a greater level of risk for investors.

The Stability and Volatility Factor in High-Float Stocks

High-float stocks tend to be less volatile because there are more shares available for public trading. That makes them more stable overall because there are more shares of the stock in circulation. The price of high-float stocks tends to be more stable than low-float stocks.

💡 Quick Tip: Are self-directed brokerage accounts cost efficient? They can be, because they offer the convenience of being able to buy stocks online without using a traditional full-service broker (and the typical broker fees).

The Investor’s Guide to Low-Float Stocks

Trading low-float stocks can be one strategy day traders use. Here’s what to know about evaluating and trading these stocks.

Best Practices for Trading Low-Float Stocks

Trading low-float stocks involves risks. Because there are few shares available, it may be difficult to buy them when an investor wants them and also to sell them in time to make a profit — this is referred to as a lack of liquidity.

One way traders might handle this is to look for stocks with low float and high volume, which is the number of shares of stock being traded daily. The more shares being traded, the lower the chances might be that an investor will have to deal with lack of liquidity.

Strategies for Evaluating Low-Float Stock Potential

Traders can use technical analysis and look at indicators like candlestick charts and moving averages to help evaluate a low-float stock. This typically requires some knowledge and experience as an investor.

Other methods of evaluating a low-float stock include:

•   Low-float stocks with a high relative volume. Relative volume is a way to help gauge a stock’s liquidity. It indicates a stock’s volume currently compared to other times in the company’s history. A stock with low liquidity might be difficult for an investor to sell.

•   News about the company. Both good and bad news about a company can affect a low-float stock’s value. It could quickly go up or down.

•   Float percentage. This refers to the percentage of total shares of stock available for trading. Most traders look for a percentage between 10% and 25%.

Insights Into Stock Float and Market Manipulation

Stocks with a low float may be more vulnerable to market manipulation. When a stock has fewer shares available for trading, it could easily be affected by comments on social media, for instance. There are also schemes such as a “pump and dump” in which unscrupulous investors buy up many of the shares of a low-float stock, which could affect the price dramatically. They might then dump the stock.

Day trading is risky and can result in investors losing significant amounts (although they could potentially make significant gains). And low-float stocks can be susceptible to practices like market manipulation. Those with a low tolerance for risk may find that low-float stocks are not the best investment for them.

Example of Floating Stock

A hypothetical example could be Company X. Say that there are 1 billion outstanding shares of Company X stock. Of this number, approximately 75% of shares are not available for public trading. The float, in this case, is around 250 million shares. Consequently, Company X’s stock price may be considered fairly volatile.

Practical Tips for Trading and Investing in Floating Stocks

Low-float stocks can be highly volatile and their price can go up and down in minutes or even seconds. This volatility could eliminate a significant chunk of an investor’s portfolio. Of course, low-float stocks could also present substantial profit opportunities with potentially big gains. But they are risky.

Low-float stocks are typically appealing to those who are hoping to make larger gains in a short amount of time, such as day traders.

To successfully trade low-float stocks, investors should look at technical indicators and also follow the news. Watching the market every day is critical since the prices of these stocks can change so quickly.

Whether you’re investing in low-float stocks or any stock, remember that diversifying your portfolio is important and can help mitigate risk and potentially increase your returns, studies show.

The Takeaway

As discussed, floating stock, or stock float, refers to the number of shares available for trade of a particular stock. It’s a term generally used in the world of day-trading, and may not come into play as much for investors with a longer-term focus, or who tend to be more hands-off with their portfolios.

High and low floats can signal overall demand for a stock, which can inform investing or trading decisions. It’s important to know that day-trading is rife with risk, of course, and if you’re interested in incorporating “float” strategies into your investing strategy, it may be a good idea to discuss it with a financial professional.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.


Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

FAQ

Is a low-float stock good for day trading?

A low-float stock could potentially lead to big profits for day traders if the stock is in high demand. However, these stocks can be very risky since they are volatile. If demand drops, a trader could lose large sums.

How does a stock’s float affect its liquidity?

Stocks with a higher float have more liquidity, which can make it easier for investors to buy and sell them. Low-float stocks have less liquidity, which could make it more challenging to buy or sell them.

Are low-float stocks subject to market manipulation?

Stocks with a low float may be more vulnerable to market manipulation. There are also schemes such as a “pump and dump” in which unscrupulous investors buy up many of the shares of a low-float stock, which could affect the price dramatically. They might then dump the stock.


INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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