What Is a Cash Management Account

Guide to Cash Management Accounts (CMAs)

A cash management account or CMA provides an alternative solution for storing a large sum of money. Instead of using a checking or savings account from a traditional bank or credit union, you can park your money with non-financial institutions such as robo-advisors, online investment companies, or trading apps. While CMAs provide some of the features you receive from traditional banking, they also make managing your money more convenient since you can keep your banking and investing under one roof.

Here’s your complete guide to cash management accounts to discover if this type of account is right for you. We’ll share details on:

•   What is a cash management account?

•   How do cash management accounts work?

•   What are the benefits and considerations of cash management accounts?

•   Is a cash management account right for you?

What Are Cash Management Accounts?

Let’s explore what a cash management account is exactly. A CMA or cash management account provides a solution for managing your cash flow and your money. The cash inside the account usually earns interest, so your money can grow over time. You also may have checking writing capabilities, debit card access, or a combination of both. These non-banking institutions usually have no fees, another attractive aspect of using a cash management account. However, they typically make their money by charging fees for other services such as investing, retirement planning, or financial planning services.

While traditional banking accounts have similar benefits, the biggest draw to a cash management account is that you can bank and invest with one company. This way, you’re not toggling back and forth between several companies or platforms to manage your money.

How Do Cash Management Accounts Work?

Now that you know what a CMA is in big-picture terms, let’s drill down on how they work. Cash management accounts are interest-earning accounts that offer a safe place for cash. Since investment firms and robo-advisors are not banks, they don’t keep your money at their financial institution. Instead, they partner with several banks and spread your deposit out among them.

Like traditional banking accounts, account holders can deposit funds, withdraw funds, transfer money, set up direct deposits, write checks, and use a debit card. You can manage your personal cash flow statement by checking on your CMA regularly.

In addition, some CMAs earn interest like savings accounts and have checking account capabilities. Therefore, they can act as a way to merge these accounts into one. However, some CMAs may not have features of both accounts, so check with the institution to determine what features are available.

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What Are the Pros of Cash Management Accounts?

Understanding the benefits of using a cash management account can help you determine if this is the right banking solution for your needs. With that in mind, here are several advantages of using a cash management account.

Convenience

The most significant pull for consumers to open a cash management account is that they can keep their investments and banking under one umbrella. Keeping everything in one place can simplify your money management efforts.

Traditional Banking Features

When you open a cash management account, you typically have access to tradition banking features like:

•   Direct deposit

•   Complementary ATM networks

•   Electronic bill pay

•   Third-party payment site access

But, before you open an account, make sure you check with the institution about their banking services. This way you can ensure they have everything you need.

FDIC Insured

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) protects your banking deposits from losses up to $250,000. Worth noting: Some banks participate in programs that extend the FDIC insurance to cover millions1.

So, if your bank fails for any reason, you can recover your funds. While non-banking firms are prohibited from offering FDIC insurance directly, their partner banks can extend coverage. Since nonbanks spread funds across several partner banks, each can offer $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor.

What Are the Cons of a Cash Management Account?

Now that we’ve considered the advantages of a cash management account, it’s only fair to review the potential downsides of these financial vehicles. Here are some points to keep in mind as you decide whether a CMA is right for you.

Lower Interest Rates

While these accounts do offer some earnings, you will often find better rates at online banks. Yes, it may as if low-interest checking accounts are the norm and that CMAs are in their ballpark, but dig a bit deeper. If you are planning on parking a large sum of cash in an account, it can literally pay to explore your options elsewhere and see what APY’s are available in high-interest accounts. You may find that a short-term savings account works better for your needs.

Recommended: APY vs. Interest Rate: What’s the Difference?

Fewer Features

Cash management accounts may not offer the conveniences of checking accounts, like bill pay and other ways of making your financial life simpler.

No Physical Branches

Many cash management accounts are offered by online banks, which means you won’t have bricks and mortar locations to visit. Nor will you have a team of bankers to support you as you do at a traditional bank. If you are the kind of person who prefers personal interaction, this may be a significant issue for you.

Cash Management Accounts vs Checking Accounts

While cash management accounts offer similar services and features to traditional bank accounts, you might wonder what the differences are. If we break down CMAs compared to checking accounts further, these features are worth noting.

•   Maintenance fees. There are usually no maintenance fees for CMAs. However, you may have to meet a minimum balance to keep your account active. On the other hand, depending on the bank, some high-yield checking accounts come with maintenance fees. It may be possible to get these fees waived if you meet specific bank stipulations, but it’s worthwhile to consider this point.

•   Interest earning. Many cash management accounts earn interest, like what you find with high-interest online savings accounts. While it’s possible to earn interest on a savings account, it’s usually less than the interest cash management accounts earn.

•   Account integration. Investment firms and robo-advisors usually offer cash management accounts and investments. You can usually link your CMA with your investments, making it easy to move money and automate contributions. Traditional banks may also offer retirement and investment services. However, that’s not their primary business. Also, if you have investments and banking accounts separate, there may be a time lag for transactions, which usually doesn’t happen with CMAs.

Considerations When Comparing Cash Management Accounts

Before you enroll in a cash management account, it’s wise to compare all of your options. You may also want to assess the pros and cons of each banking solution. So, when comparing your solutions, here are some things worth considering when determining if a CMA is suitable for your needs.

Customer Service

When you need an issue resolved with your money, it’s nice to know customer service is there to help. So, you will want to make sure that the company you’re considering offers a robust customer service solution to assist you with all of your questions or concerns. For online banks, check out the hours that support is available and find out if you’ll be interacting with a human or an automated assistant.

Minimum Balance Requirement

As we noted above, CMAs can have minimum balance requirements to keep the account active. Therefore, you’ll want to determine these requirements in advance to see if you have the appropriate sum of cash to deposit.

Investment Management

Most of the institutions that offer cash management accounts offer investment services. So, if you’re looking to use their investment service, make sure you select a company you trust and feel comfortable with. You’ll also want to ensure the investments offered are suitable for your needs.

Is a Cash Management Account a Good Fit for You?

A CMA is ideal for folks who like to manage their investments and bank accounts under the same umbrella. It may make managing your money somewhat simpler and smoother.

But, for those who feel a bit uncertain about using online banks or mobile apps to complete their daily transactions, a bank account may be a more viable solution. Also, if you would prefer to separate your investments and banking needs, a high-interest checking or savings account may make more sense that stashing your funds in a CMA.

The Takeaway

CMAs are interest-earning alternative solutions to traditional banking accounts like checking and saving accounts. Since investment firms usually offer CMAs, you can keep your investments and banking needs in one place, streamlining your money management efforts. As with most services, there are pros and cons to these accounts. Determining whether one is right for you will depend upon your reviewing all the features and seeing what is the best fit for your money management style and goals.

If you feel more comfortable with traditional banking, SoFi offers a smart, money-savvy solution. Our online bank accounts, when opened with direct deposit, are fee-free and earn a competitive APY. Also, you can access your paycheck up to two days earlier. We think it’s a great combination of convenience and money-growing features that you’ll love.

Ready to bank better? Come see what SoFi offers.

FAQ

What is the purpose of a cash management account?

Cash management accounts give consumers a way to complete everyday banking transactions like bill pay or direct deposit while managing investments, all under one roof.

What type of account is cash management?

A cash management account is like a traditional bank account, except it’s offered by non-banking firms, like online investment firms or robo-advisors. You can complete transactions (direct deposit, withdrawals, check writing, etc.) the same way with a traditional checking or savings account.

Is a cash management account the same as a money market account?

While cash management accounts and money market accounts have similar features (earning interest, withdrawals, deposits, etc.), they are not the same. Banks offer money market accounts, while nonbanks like robo-advisors offer cash management accounts.


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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Guide to Negotiating Financial Aid

Can You Negotiate Financial Aid?

After you file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), you’ll receive a financial aid award from the colleges to which you’ve been granted admission. You may receive scholarships, grants, and loans. When you receive your financial aid awards from institutions, they may not cover every dollar of tuition, room, board, and fees. As a result, you may find that you cannot afford a particular institution.

It may be possible to negotiate your financial aid award with the financial aid office at each institution you’re considering. Continue reading for more information about how to negotiate financial aid awards and how to get more money from colleges.

What Is Financial Aid?

Financial aid is money you receive based on your financial aid award. There are different types of financial aid components that make up a financial aid award. You may want to think of it as a puzzle that could include grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans. You can accept and decline different parts of the “puzzle” to create your own financial aid award. Applying for student loans, grants, certain scholarships, and work-study involves filing the FAFSA.

Grants and scholarships are forms of financial aid that you don’t have to pay back. Grants typically come from the federal government, states or colleges, and the amount you can get in grant money depends on your need and the type of institution you attend.

Scholarships on a financial aid award letter typically come from the institution for various reasons. They may be based on merit (for example, for good grades) or on talents you possess, such as music or athletic talent.

Work-study is a type of financial aid in which students who have financial need qualify for part-time employment on campus.

Federal student loans may also appear on your financial aid award. Federal student loans, which come from the federal government, must be repaid — with interest.

Every college offers a different amount of financial aid to the same student. In other words, if you apply and get accepted to five different schools, you will likely get five different aid awards. It’s worth learning more about how financial aid works at each institution by asking a financial aid professional at each institution you visit.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Is Your Financial Aid Amount Negotiable?

Yes, you can negotiate your financial aid amount. However, it’s important to realize that some pieces of the financial aid award are not negotiable. For example, first-year undergraduate dependent students can qualify for no more than $5,500 in subsidized and unsubsidized federal student loans. No more than $3,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans.

In addition, it’s also important to understand that colleges may be limited in the amount they can offer you for additional financial aid. Even if you ask for all the gaps to be covered between the total cost and the amount you receive in financial aid, colleges may only be able to offer a small amount of additional financial aid.

5 Tips for Negotiating Financial Aid

Let’s take a look at a few tips for negotiating financial aid, from the presentation process to writing a letter for financial aid, as well as providing relevant supporting documentation.

1. Present the Financial Aid Office With a Specific Amount You Need

You can present the financial aid office with a specific amount you need, but before you do that, it’s a good idea to think through a few other factors beyond the numbers you see on your financial aid award. When you review financial aid awards, it’s important to go over each one with a fine-toothed comb.

Each financial aid award will list the financial aid you’ve received, but it’s a good idea to get an idea of the full costs, including tuition, room, board, and fees, before you choose a college. Some fees may not pop up until later, such as lab fees, club organization dues, athletic fees, parking fees, and more. Ask the financial aid office for a comprehensive list of fees that might crop up.

It’s also important to factor in tuition increases. You can ask the financial aid office for the average increase amount.

Note that scholarships usually don’t increase as tuition increases occur, which means that if scholarships don’t change and tuition increases, you’ll be responsible for making a larger tuition payment. Some schools do freeze tuition, so find out more about how that works at the institutions you’re considering attending.

After you’ve done all your homework, you can then decide on a specific amount of money you’d like to see from each financial aid office.

2. Put Everything in Writing

Ask the financial aid department about their financial aid appeal process or consult the website of the financial aid office to find out about the supportive documentation you need to provide to qualify for more financial aid. Following directions may help increase your chances of success.

Write a high-quality financial aid appeal letter to the director of financial aid, using a business letter format, and a formal tone — skip the fancy fonts! Your letter should be as businesslike and respectful as possible, but very direct. Explain how interested in the school you are and identify the forms you’ve submitted.

3. Explain Why You Should Get More Money

It’s important to shore up your desire to obtain more financial aid by demonstrating a need for more financial aid. In other words, you have to have a good reason to need more financial aid — in most cases, you can’t just say you simply want more financial aid. Financial aid offices also will likely not award you more aid just because a parent is unwilling to contribute to education costs or file the FAFSA or if a parent does not claim the student as a dependent.

The institutions you’d like more money from could require you to fill out a special circumstances form, which is a form that shares situations that affect your family’s ability to pay for college. A special circumstances form shares your family’s unique financial circumstances with the institution when you appeal.

The following situations may qualify as special circumstances and could allow you to receive more financial aidIf your family is:

•   supporting multiple households,

•   has experienced a one-time jump in income,

•   has secondary or elementary school expenses,

•   had to make a retirement fund withdrawal for emergency purposes,

•   has funeral expenses or unreimbursed medical and dental expenses, educational debt, a job loss, or has had a significant reduction in income.

Read the instructions carefully to learn how to successfully submit the special circumstances form for your institution.

4. Provide Any Relevant Supporting Documents

When writing your letter and filling out your special circumstances form, you’ll likely need to provide evidence of your family’s situation, which could include:

•   Divorce documentation or decree

•   Court documentation to substantiate a separation

•   Copy of parent marriage certificate

•   Copy of family member death certificate

•   Letter from employer documenting the last date of employment if no longer employed

•   Documentation of year-to-date earnings, unemployment, and/or disability benefits

•   Copies of three most recent paycheck stubs

•   Documentation of termination of child support payments

•   Documentation one-time income or benefits

•   Documentation of medical expenses not covered by insurance for family members

•   Documentation of elementary or secondary school tuition paid

Follow the instructions your school’s financial aid office includes.

5. Follow Up

You may need to allow several weeks for the financial aid appeal to be processed (sometimes four to six weeks), but if you don’t hear back from the financial aid office about a change in your award letter, you may want to reach back out to make sure you’ve submitted all the required documentation. You may have forgotten a critical component of the financial aid appeal, which could hold up a final decision.

Alternatives to Financial Aid

While financial aid can help you get through school, it’s not the only way to pay for college. There are alternatives to relying completely on financial aid to get through school. Consider working while in school, asking relatives for help, and accessing private student loans. Let’s take a look.

Working While in School

Working while in school or on breaks during the summer can help alleviate some of the costs of college. You may not be able to rely on the work-study award to pay for the full cost of college because work-study is limited to a specific number of hours, as determined by your financial aid award.

Finding a part-time job can help pay for a wide variety of college expenses and can offer valuable professional experiences.

Asking Relatives for Help

Relatives may be willing to help you pay for college. When parents, aunts, uncles, grandparents or other relatives chip in, it can alleviate a chunk of college costs, particularly when combined with a part-time job while in school.

It’s a good idea to make sure both you and your relative(s) agree that these types of payments are gifts, not loans. You don’t want to be surprised by a relative that expects repayment as soon as you’re done with school. You may even want to write down the amount of money, terms, and conditions involved, and have both parties agree and sign before you accept any money for college.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are loans that, unlike federal student loans, do not come from the federal government. Private student loans typically come from private organizations, such as banks, credit unions, and other organizations. You can also check with the college or university you plan to attend for information about private student loans.

Like federal student loans, however, private student loans must be repaid along with interest payments. Repayment terms and benefits vary depending on the lender, and interest rates could be fixed or variable. (All types of federal student loans offer fixed interest rates only.)

Unlike federal student loans, private student loans may not offer the borrower protections afforded to their federal counter parts, so they are generally considered as a last-resort option. Take the time to shop around among several private student lenders before you land on the right one for you. Learn more about private student loans in our private student loans guide.

Explore SoFi’s Private Student Loan Options

If you think you may need to cover some of your college costs with a private student loan, SoFi offers private loans that could help you pay for your education. Explore and compare federal and private loan options, terms, and interest rates to determine the best option for your educational needs.

Worried about rising interest rates? SoFi offers competitive interest rates for qualifying private student loan borrowers.

FAQ

Can you negotiate your financial aid offer?

Yes, you can negotiate your financial aid offer. Check with the college, university, or other postsecondary institution(s) you receive a financial aid award about the process before you attempt to negotiate. The institution may have very specific requirements in order to negotiate your award.

How can I negotiate more money for college?

Requesting more financial aid can be done by following the financial aid appeals process at the college(s) you’re considering. Typically, you can present a letter to the financial aid office, fill out the special circumstances document provided by the institution, and provide supporting documentation. Follow up if you haven’t heard back from the institution between four and six weeks.

How do I ask a college to match the financial aid another school offered me?

If you received two financial aid awards from two colleges, you can use a negotiating college tuition technique by showing the school that offers you less the better aid award from the other school. Doing this may make the most sense if they are similar institutions, such as if they are both private liberal arts colleges or if they are both large state universities. You’re most likely going to get a better response if you compare apples to apples instead of apples to oranges.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Key Terms to Improve Your Financial Literacy

Key Terms to Improve Your Financial Literacy

Financial literacy isn’t something that many of us are taught in school, but it’s essential when managing your money. It gives you the basic foundation of knowledge that can help you thrive.

If you feel you lack the knowledge you need, you might have to learn it on your own. Familiarizing yourself with some basic personal finance vocabulary can be a good place to start.

Finance terminology might seem confusing at first glance, but you don’t need to be a CPA or a financial advisor to make sense of it. Getting to know some of the most common personal finance words can help you build a stronger money foundation.

Read on to do just that, as you learn:

•   What is financial literacy

•   How a financial vocabulary can benefit you

•   Key terms that will improve your financial literacy

What Is Financial Literacy?

You might hear a lot about financial literacy but not know exactly what it means. In simple terms, being financially literate means that you have some money knowledge as well as the ability to put it to work.

Money skills can be learned in the classroom, at home, and in the real world as you navigate things like opening a bank account or taking out student loans. Becoming financially literate is important because it can help you to:

•   Have a positive money mindset

•   Act more responsibly with regard to saving and avoiding debt

•   Build wealth and plan for the future

If there are gaps in your financial education, it’s never too late to fill them. Learning some personal finance basics for beginners, including key financial literacy vocabulary, can help you get on track with your money goals.

What Is Financial Literacy Vocabulary?

Financial literacy words are simply the various terms you’ll see used again and again when discussing different money topics. For example, there are personal finance words related specifically to banking, others that are focused on insurance, and more that deal with investing.

Do you need to be a walking dictionary to understand finance and make the most of your money? Not at all. But you can benefit from knowing what certain finance terminology means and why it’s important when making money decisions.

Understanding financial literacy vocabulary can also help you avoid potentially costly money mistakes. If you’re taking out a mortgage, for example, it’s important to understand concepts like amortization and closing costs so you know exactly what you’re paying to buy a home.

Recommended: Guide to Practicing Financial Self-Care

Personal Finance Words to Know

Ready to improve your financial knowledge? Here’s an alphabetical list of some important terms to add to your personal finance vocabulary.

1. Budget

A budget is a plan for deciding how to spend your money each month. Making a budget means adding up your income, then subtracting all of your expenses.

The goal of a budget is to ensure that you’re not living beyond your means and that you have money left over to work toward your goals.

There are different budgeting techniques, like the 50/30/20 rule or the envelope system, and there are different categories people want to set guidelines and guardrails for. For example, you might want to start an emergency fund or pay down debt.

2. Cashier’s Check and Certified Check

Cashier’s checks and certified checks are two types of official checks banks can issue as a form of payment. So what’s the difference between a certified vs. cashier’s check?

Cashier’s checks are drawn on the bank’s account while a certified check is drawn on an individual’s account. Between the two, a cashier’s check is generally considered to be a safer way to pay since the bank guarantees the amount.

3. Certificate of Deposit

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a time deposit savings account. When you open a certificate of deposit, you add money to the account and agree to leave it there for a certain amount of time, known as the term. The bank pays interest while your money is in the CD and when it matures (or reaches the end of the term), you can withdraw the initial deposit and the interest earned.

A CD is not the same as a regular savings account or a high yield savings account. With savings accounts, you can generally withdraw money up to six times each month or possibly more without any penalty. You’re not locked in the way you are with a CD.

4. Compound Interest

Compound interest means the interest you earn on your interest. That’s different from simple interest, which is paid on your principal balance only. Compounding interest is central to investing, since it’s what allows you to build wealth and increase your net worth over time.

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5. Credit

Credit means borrowing money with the promise to pay it back. When you open a credit card account, for example, the credit card company issues you a credit line that you can make purchases against. You use the card to buy groceries, get gas, or cover other expenses, then pay that amount back to the credit card company.

A credit card is revolving credit, since your balance can go up or down over time as you make purchases and pay them back. Loans are a form of installment debt, since the balance only goes down over time as you make your scheduled payments.

6. Credit Score

A credit score is a three-digit number that measures how responsible you are financially. Your credit scores are generated from information in your credit reports. A credit report collects details about your debts, including payment history, balances, and available credit.

FICO scores are the most commonly used credit scores. These scores range from 300 to 850, with 850 being considered a “perfect” credit score. The better your credit scores, the easier it usually is to qualify for loans and credit cards.

7. Debt

Debt is money owed to someone else. A debt may be secured, meaning that it’s attached to a specific piece of collateral. Collateral is something your creditor can take possession of if you fail to repay the debt. So if you own a home, for example, your mortgage is a debt, and your home is the collateral.

Unsecured debts don’t have any collateral, so if you fail to pay them, your creditor has to pursue other means to collect what’s owed. Credit cards, medical bills, and student loans are examples of unsecured debt.

8. Debt to Income Ratio

Debt to income (DTI) is one of several important personal finance ratios to know if you’re trying to improve your financial literacy. Your debt to income ratio means how much of your income goes to debt repayment each month.

So why is that important? The more money you put toward debt, the less cash you have to save and invest. And when your DTI is too high, that could make it harder to qualify for a mortgage or other types of loans.

9. Emergency Fund

An emergency fund is money that you set aside for unplanned or unexpected expenses. When you save for emergencies, you’re saving for the unknown, versus setting aside money for a specific goal like a vacation or new furniture.

But you may wonder, how much emergency savings should I have? Saving three to six months’ worth of expenses is a commonly used rule of thumb but ultimately, your emergency fund should reflect the amount that you need to feel comfortable.

10. FDIC

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an independent agency that’s responsible for maintaining stability in the banking industry. One of the ways the FDIC does that is by insuring banks in the rare event of a failure. If you have accounts at an FDIC-insured bank, they’re covered up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership type, per financial institution.

11. Financial Planning

Financial planning means creating a plan or strategy for reaching your financial goals. Creating a financial plan is something you can do on your own or with the help of a financial advisor. If you’re not sure how to go about finding a financial advisor, consider what type of planning services you might need first. That can help you decide if you should work with an online advisor or seek out an advisor in person.

12. Gross Income and Net Income

Understanding gross income and net income are central to making a budget. Your gross income is all the money you earn before any deductions or taxes are taken out. Your net income is the money that hits your bank account, once you take out things like taxes, health insurance, and retirement plan contributions.

If you’re not sure about the difference between your gross pay and net pay, reviewing your pay stubs can help. You should be able to see a breakdown of everything you earned and everything that was deducted for the pay period.

13. Health Savings Account (HSA)

A Health Savings Account (HSA) is a savings account that’s attached to a high deductible health plan. An HSA allows you to set aside money for health care expenses on a tax-advantaged basis.

It’s easy to confuse HSA with other health insurance terms, like HMO. But the difference between HMO vs. HSA is that HMO stands for Health Maintenance Organization and is a type of health care plan. An HSA is a special type of health care savings account.

14. Inflation

Inflation is a rise in prices for consumer goods and services over time. In the United States, inflation is generally measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). When inflation rises, the things you spend money on every day cost more. Understanding inflation is important for managing your budget but it can also affect how you invest your money.

15. Investing

Investing money means putting it into the market or other vehicles in the hopes that it will grow in value. Investing money is not the same thing as saving it. When you save money, you might park it in a savings account, CD account, or money market account. There’s virtually no risk of losing money, especially if your bank is FDIC insured.

When you invest money, however, you’re using it to buy stocks, mutual funds, real estate, cryptocurrency, and other investments. You can potentially get a much higher rate of return with investing vs. saving, but you’re usually taking more risk. And if an investment doesn’t pan out, you could lose money instead of growing it.

16. Life Insurance

Life insurance provides a death benefit to your beneficiaries when you pass away. Buying life insurance can offer peace of mind if you’re worried about how your loved ones might be able to pay the bills if something were to happen to you. There are different types of life insurance to choose from, depending on your needs and situation. Life insurance, along with a will, are often part of a comprehensive financial plan.

17. Money Market Account

What is a money market account? In simple terms, it’s a deposit account that blends features of a savings account and a checking account. You can deposit money and earn interest on the balance. If you need to withdraw money, you may be able to do so using a linked ATM card or by writing checks. But those withdrawals are not unlimited; banks can still cap you at six withdrawals per month. Also known as MMAs, these accounts are not to be confused with money market funds, a kind of mutual fund.

18. Net Worth

Net worth is the difference between what you owe and what you own. To calculate net worth, you’d add up all of your debts, then subtract that amount from the value of your assets. An asset is anything that has a positive value, such as a home, retirement account, or CDs. Net worth can be positive if you have more assets than debts, but it can be negative if your debt outweighs your assets.

19. Overdraft

Overdraft is a banking term that means you’ve spent more money than you had in your account. Banks can allow certain transactions to go through, even if you don’t have enough cash in your account to cover them (say, paying a $100 check you wrote when there’s only $85 in your account). The bank covers the excess amount for you and charges an overdraft fee for that convenience.

Your bank may give you the chance to opt into overdraft protection. When you opt in, the bank can transfer money automatically from a linked savings account to cover overdrafts. You’ll still likely pay a fee, though it might be less than the standard overdraft fee.

20. Time Value of Money

Time value of money means the relationship between time, money, and interest. The longer the time frame during which you save or invest, the more money you save, and the higher the rate, the more your money will grow.

The Takeaway

Expanding your personal finance vocabulary can give you a better understanding of how your money works and how to make it work for you. Knowing these terms can grow your financial literacy and help you achieve your goals.

One of the fundamentals of good money management is having a bank account that works for your needs and lifestyle. When you open a SoFi bank account, you can get checking and savings together in one place. SoFi makes it easy to keep track of spending and income online and through the SoFi mobile app. When you open an account with direct deposit, you can earn a great interest rate and pay no account fees, which can help your money grow faster.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What are the four pillars of personal finance?

The four pillars of personal finance are income, expenses, assets, and debt. Income and expenses are important for creating a budget. Assets and debt reflect the difference between the things of value that you own and the money that you owe to other people.

What are financial skills?

Financial skills are the skills you use to manage money. For example, budgeting is a financial skill, since it requires you to understand the difference between income and expenses and prioritize spending in a prudent way. Financial skills can be learned at school, at home, or through daily experiences.

Why is financial literacy important?

Financial literacy is important for helping you to better understand your financial situation. When you know how to make a budget, create a plan for saving and investing, and use debt responsibly, it becomes easier to get ahead financially. On the other hand, lacking financial literacy skills could make you more susceptible to poor decision-making, like overspending or carrying high-interest debt.


Photo credit: iStock/Geber86

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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How Safe Is a Checking Account?

How Safe Is a Checking Account?

In light of recent events, some bank customers may wonder how safe a checking account is in terms of stashing their cash.

Banks are far better for protecting your hard-earned cash than you keeping a wad of bills hidden somewhere in your home — mainly because the money you deposit in a bank is insured up to $250,000 or possibly more1.

But there’s more to the story. So read on, and we’ll tell you in detail how banks make sure your money is well defended — and what you can do to help keep those dollars safe.

Is My Money Safer at a Bank?

It’s only natural to wonder where your money is safest, and keeping your cash on deposit at a bank is one of the safest things you can do. For one thing, carrying cash with you — or, worse, hiding it in your house — leaves you vulnerable to theft or loss (or some other unforeseen event).

In addition, banks are highly regulated and, as mentioned, deposits are insured. And as many people now know, the government is fully invested in protecting the cash of its citizens.

Why Your Money Is Safer in the Bank

Here are some of the protections your checking account may have:

•   FDIC insurance

•   NCUA insurance

•   Capital requirements

•   Protection from fires, floods, and thefts

Read on for a brief description of these protections.

FDIC Insurance

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) protects people who deposit money into FDIC-insured financial institutions against loss. This kind of insurance is backed by the federal government and depositors are automatically insured, generally up to $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured institution, per ownership category. (Some banks participate in programs that extend the FDIC insurance to cover millions.) If your bank were to go out of business, you’re covered up to the cap.

NCUA Insurance

Maybe you’re the kind of person who prefers to keep your cash at a credit union. Don’t worry; it’s still safe. Congress created the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) in 1970 to insure deposits of up to $250,000 at federally insured credit unions. The $250,000 is for each member, per insured credit union, per ownership category. Basically, NCUA is an agency that provides coverage for credit union members that’s comparable to what FDIC does for bank customers.

Capital Requirements

Banks and other financial institutions that accept deposits must have enough liquid assets to cover their expenses while still being able to provide cash when depositors request withdrawals. Formulas to calculate capital requirements can be complicated, but know that they are in place and are protecting you.

A financial institution is required to have a risk-to-asset ratio of at least 4% to safeguard people who deposit funds into their institution.

Protections From Fires, Floods, and Thefts

Banks purchase banker blanket bonds, which protect the institution in case of fire, flood, robbery, embezzlement, earthquakes, and other causes of lost funds. As a result, even if the bank loses money, customers won’t lose their funds.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.

Up to 4.00% APY on savings balances.

Up to 2-day-early paycheck.

Up to $2M of additional
FDIC insurance.


Advantages of Keeping Money in a Checking Account

Now, let’s pull back and take a big-picture look at why a checking account is such a sweet spot for protecting your money. Some of the pluses:

•   Your money is covered from loss when deposited in an FDIC-insured bank or an NCUA-insured credit union.

•   If your funds exceed the amount of these significant coverages ($250,000), then you can simply open accounts at an institution that offers an insurance program with a higher amount. Or you might open additional accounts at other insured banks and be covered through those institutions.

•   Interest-bearing checking accounts (though not all checking accounts do pay interest) allow you to earn money simply by keeping it in the account.

•   You can easily use your deposited funds by writing a check, withdrawing money from the bank or by an ATM, or transferring it.

•   Checking accounts that come with debit cards make it simple to make purchases through a card reader in person or by entering data online. (Note: There are cons of using a debit card online, like less fraud and purchase protection.)

•   Mobile banking makes it easy to conduct financial transactions wherever you go. You may be wondering, Is mobile banking safe? The answer is yes, most of the time, but you do need to take some precautions to avoid potential hacking activity (more on that below).

•   You can have your paycheck automatically/directly deposited into your checking account. This eliminates a paper check that could get lost or stolen; plus, you don’t have to physically deposit it yourself on payday.

•   A checking account can provide a record of what you spent — and when and where — which is helpful with budgeting, at tax time, and more.

•   Some banks allow you to get paid up to two days early — meaning that your direct deposit is available 48 hours before it’s actually deposited.

Your Role in Protecting Your Money in the Bank

You’ve learned about how banks safeguard your deposits…but what about your role in protecting your money? Yes, even when your dinero is locked up tight at a bank, your actions can impact its security. Consider the following points:

•   If you have any reason to believe that fraudulent activity is occurring or has occurred with your checking account, contact your bank immediately as well as local law enforcement.

•   Create a unique password for your checking account; consider storing it in a secure password management system. Then regularly change your password.

•   Regularly check your balance and balance your statements. This way, you can spot suspicious-looking activity early and address any discrepancies. Identity theft is not unusual and a proactive approach is the best way to protect yourself.

•   Be especially careful when using public Wi-Fi at libraries, coffee shops, and the like. While they’re convenient for information gathering, when you’re conducting financial transactions on them, the open connection makes it easier for hackers to do bad things.

•   Keep your own computer up to date, installing appropriate software updates, malware blockers, and so forth.

•   Sign up for fraud alerts with your bank. Receiving real-time transaction info through texts, emails, or mobile apps allows you to quickly respond to any attempts at fraud.

•   Also, don’t share your banking information with anyone by phone or email. For example, if someone claims to be a representative from your financial institute, hang up. Then use the contact information you have for your bank and share what happened.

The Takeaway

So, how safe are checking accounts? At insured institutions, depositors enjoy deep levels of protection. Besides being safe, there are numerous advantages to having a checking account. Definitely a win-win versus hiding your bucks somewhere at home. But depositing your funds is just part of the bargain: Then you have to do your share and keep vigilant and make sure that fraudsters don’t get their fingers on your dough.

If you’re looking for a bank that protects your money with 24/7 account monitoring, apply for an online bank account with SoFi. SoFi recently announced that deposits may be insured up to $2 million through participation in the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. But here’s what else: If you sign up for direct deposit with us, you’ll earn a competitive APY. Plus, you’ll pay no account fees, and you’ll be able to access your paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with  up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Is your money safe in a checking account?

Yes, your money is safe in a checking account. Federally insured banks and credit unions automatically protect depositors like you for up to $250,000 per person, per insured institution, per ownership category (or possibly more). These financial institutions are even covered in case of fire, flood, and earthquakes, as well as when crimes, such as robbery and embezzlement, occur.

What are the risks of a checking account?

Checking accounts come with plenty of benefits and, at federally insured financial institutions, with solid protection against risk. That said, there are a couple of potential disadvantages to checking accounts. For example, not all of them pay interest (although some do). Some come with monthly fees (which can get pricey). And some financial institutions will require a minimum balance in your account.

There’s also some risk of criminal activity: If you ever suspect that someone has hacked into or otherwise fraudulently used your checking account, contact your bank and local law enforcement.

Can someone steal your checking account?

Physical checks and debit cards can be stolen, and your account could be hacked. So keep all personal data in a secure place and, if any items are lost, contact your financial institution immediately. If you believe your checks or debit card to be stolen, also inform your local law enforcement.


Photo credit: iStock/akinbostanci

1SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by banks in the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $2M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/terms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/receivingbanks.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Beginners Guide to Good and Bad Debt

Beginners Guide to Good and Bad Debt

As anyone who has ever watched their bank account balance decline after paying bills knows, owing money is no fun. But debt often serves an important function in people’s lives, putting things that can cost tens of thousands of dollars or more — like a college degree or a starter home — within reach.

Such cases aren’t quite the same as racking up a high credit card balance on restaurant meals and shopping trips, underscoring that when it comes to owing money, there can be good debt and bad debt.

What Is Debt Exactly?

It’s a simple four-letter word, yet debt is often not as straightforward as it may appear. Carrying a credit card balance? That’s debt. Have a student loan or car lease? Also debt.

When individuals owe money, they generally have to pay back more than the amount they borrowed. Most debt is subject to interest, the borrowing cost that is applied based on a percentage of money owed.

Interest accrues over time, so the longer consumers take to pay off debt, the more it may cost them.

Across people and households, debts add up. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, by the end of 2022, total household debt climbed to $16.90 trillion.

Housing debt — specifically mortgages and mortgage refinancing — accounted for the majority of money owed, more than $12 trillion. Non-housing debt, such as credit card balances and school and car loans, accounted for the rest.

For individuals, average debt amounted to $101,915 in the fall of 2022, according to the credit reporting company Experian. While student loan debt was down slightly, shrinking by 1.2% from the year before — many other debts, including amounts owed on credit cards, personal loans, car loans, home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), and mortgages, all increased from the year before, according to Experian.

Track your credit score with SoFi

Check your credit score for free. Sign up and get $10.*


Recommended: Free Credit Score Monitoring

Good Debt vs Bad Debt

When you have debt, not only do you have to repay the money borrowed, but you also usually incur ongoing costs — specifically interest — which increase the amount you have to pay back.

While incurring more debt probably isn’t the most attractive proposition, there are occasions when taking on debt can be necessary or even beneficial in the long term. This is where good debt vs. bad debt comes in.

Though the idea of good vs. bad debt might seem complicated (and is often subject to some misconceptions), as a rule of thumb, the difference between good debt and bad debt usually has to do with the long-term results of borrowing.

Good debt is seen as money owed on expenditures that can build an individual’s finances over time, such as taking out student loans in order to increase one’s earning potential, or a mortgage on a house that is expected to appreciate in value.

Bad debt is money owed for expenses that pose no long-term value to a person’s financial standing, or that may even decrease in value by the time the loan is paid off. This can include credit card debt and car loans.

While owing money may not feel great, debt can serve some helpful functions. For starters, your credit score is used by lenders to determine eligibility and risk level when it comes to borrowing money.

Your credit score is based on your history of taking on and paying off debt, and helps to inform a lender about how risky a loan may be to issue. Your credit score can play an important role in determining not only whether a credit card or loan application will be approved but also how much interest you will be charged.

With no credit history at all, it may be harder for a lender to assess a loan application. Meanwhile, a solid track record of paying off good debt on time can help inspire confidence.

While there are no guarantees, good debt can also mean short-term pain for long-term gain. That’s because if paid back responsibly, good debt can be an investment in one’s future financial well-being, with the results ultimately outweighing the cost of borrowing.

Conversely, with bad debt, the costs of borrowing add up and may surpass the value of a loan.

Recommended: What is The Difference Between Transunion and Equifax?

What Is Considered Good Debt?

Mortgages

Like other lending products, mortgages are subject to annual interest on the principal amount owed.

In the United States, the average rate of a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was averaging 6.28% nationally in April 2023, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. That’s up from 2022, when the average rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 4.72%.

Meanwhile, data from the Federal Housing Finance Agency showed that home prices grew 8.4% from the end of 2021 to the fourth quarter of 2022.

This illustrates how the potential appreciation of a home might outweigh the cost of financing. But it’s best to not assume that taking on a mortgage to buy a house will increase wealth. Things like neighborhood decline, periods of financial uncertainty, and the individual condition of a home could reduce the value of a given property.

Personal loans or home equity loans used to improve the condition of a home may also increase its value, and in such instances may also be considered “good” debt.

Recommended: Should I Sell My House Now or Wait?

Student Loans

Forty-three percent of Americans who attended college incurred some kind of education debt, with most outstanding loans in a recent year coming in between $20,000 and $25,000, according to the Federal Reserve.

Cumulative income gains may eclipse the cost of a student loan over time.

But higher education may be linked with greater earnings, and cumulative income gains might eclipse the cost of a student loan over time.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median weekly earnings for a bachelor’s degree holder are $1,547, which is more than $650 greater than the median weekly pay of someone with a high school diploma.

But just as taking out a mortgage is not a sure-fire way to boost net worth, student debt is not always guaranteed to result in greater earnings. The type of degree earned and area of focus, unemployment rates, and other factors will also influence an individual’s earnings.

Recommended: Staying Motivated When Paying Off Debt

What Is Considered Bad Debt?

Credit Card Debt

Credit cards can be useful financial tools if used responsibly. They may even provide cash back or other rewards. And because interest is generally not charged on purchases until the statement becomes due, using a credit card to pay for everyday purchases need not be costly if the balance on the card is paid before the billing cycle ends.

However, credit cards are often subject to high interest rates. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, the average annual interest rate for credit cards is 20.09% — but some charge rates even higher.

Credit card interest adds up, making that takeout dinner or pair of jeans far more costly than the amount shown on its price tag if a balance is carried over. For example, if you were to charge $500 in takeout food to a credit card with a 20% APR but only pay the $10 minimum each month, it would take nine years to pay off the full balance. The total amount paid — including interest — would be $1,084. That’s more than double the cost of those takeout meals!

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

Car Loans

The dollar value of your car may not be what you think it is. Cars famously start to lose value the second you drive them off the lot. A new vehicle loses 20% or more of its value in the first year of ownership, according to Kelley Blue Book. After five years, a car purchased for $40,000 will be worth $16,000, a decrease in value of 60%.

But a car may also be necessary for getting around. For some individuals, owning a car can also help them earn or boost income, reducing or negating depreciation.

The Takeaway

Both good debt and bad debt can be stressful — and both types of debt can be more costly than they need to be if you don’t keep tabs on what you owe and pay back loans efficiently. A digital tracker could be the remedy.

SoFi gives you the information you need to manage debt, providing real-time financial insights and tracking so you can stay on top of what you owe.

Get spending breakdowns, credit score monitoring, and more — at no cost.

Track all your money in one place with SoFi.


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