Blockchain vs Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Explained

Blockchain vs Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Explained

DLT vs. blockchain is an often-misunderstood topic. The terms blockchain vs. distributed ledger are often used interchangeably, but in fact blockchain technology is a subset of distributed ledger technology and they are not the same thing.

Blockchain represents a new type of distributed ledger technology (DLT) that can function without the need for third-party oversight. Peer-to-peer transactions can be verified in a decentralized way, just as they can with distributed ledger technology, but with blockchain the data is stored in blocks vs. a DLT system, which does not require a chain.

What Is Distributed Ledger Technology?

DLT is a kind of distributed database that stores information in multiple locations. Instead of a single server hosting all the information, DLT uses geographically distributed servers known as nodes to store data in different places at the same time.

Each node on the ledger processes and validates each piece of data, creating a record while establishing consensus on the validity of the dataset across all nodes.

The main characteristics of distributed ledger technology also apply to blockchains. DLTs are:

•   Immutable

•   Transparent

•   Append-only

•   Decentralized

That said, while a blockchain network is fully decentralized, with no central authority, a DLT may have some central oversight. Both systems are popular in finance, owing to the need for the speed and transparency decentralized systems can provide.

đź’ˇ Recommended: A Beginner’s Guide to Cryptocurrency

What Is a Blockchain?

A blockchain is a type of distributed ledger made up of a series of decentralized servers also known as nodes. The blockchain records information about transactions and groups them into blocks of data, which are validated by the network.

Each new block gets added to the one that came before it, forming a chain of blocks, giving rise to the term “blockchain.” All transactions and data are recorded with a unique cryptographic stamp or signature called a hash.

Blockchain was first created when the Bitcoin network went live in January 2009. Since then, new types of blockchains have been developed that have additional functionality. Many potential blockchain use cases are still being experimented with.

Understanding DLT vs. blockchain is key to understanding different types of crypto.

Blockchain vs DLT: Similarities and Differences

When it comes to the similarities and differences of blockchain vs. DLT, it’s important to understand that blockchain is a form of DLT — but not all distributed ledgers are blockchains.

How Data Is Stored

In a blockchain, records are stored in blocks or modules, after having been validated by the network. Each transaction is then given a cryptographic signature known as a hash, which is a random string of characters, which gets added to the block, forming a chain. Blocks become permanent once they’ve been added to the chain. To alter the information inside a block would require compromising the entire network.

Another one of the benefits of blockchain is that the vast majority of blockchains are also permissionless, meaning no one needs permission from a central authority to access the system. Distributed ledgers can be permissionless too, but because some DLTs can be centrally controlled, this may not always be the case.

Degrees of Decentralization

Blockchains are also decentralized to some degree, meaning they distribute their development and maintenance amongst multiple parties. There is no CEO of Bitcoin, for example, and the network is maintained by thousands of individuals around the world running their own full nodes.

Volunteer developers work on the code based on their own volition, and if the majority of nodes agree that a software update should be implemented, then it will be. Disagreement among nodes can lead to a hard fork, as occurred in 2017 with Bitcoin Cash.

Distributed ledgers, on the other hand, are owned, operated, and controlled by a single entity. This combined with the fact that distributed ledgers do not create cryptographic blocks and add them to a chain are the two main features that designate the difference between DLT vs. blockchain.

Similarities Between DLT vs Blockchain Technology

When considering a DLT vs. a blockchain, remember that both involve many of the same characteristics and functionality, including:

•   A distributed ledger of data that’s transparent and immutable

•   The use of geographically distributed servers known as nodes

•   Some degree of decentralization

Both DLT and blockchain involve building and maintaining a distributed ledger. They both make use of servers called nodes that can be placed in many different locations around the world. And to a degree, both are decentralized, meaning there isn’t a single point of failure for the system (although DLTs may have a centralized owner vs. blockchains, which don’t).

Differences Between DLT vs. Blockchain Technology

While they are more similar than they are different, DLT and blockchains are not one in the same. Some of the ways the two differ from each other include:

•   Blockchains use encryption

•   Blockchains are fully transparent

•   Blockchains group data into blocks, adding them to a chain

Some forms of DLT also use encryption and can be transparent. DLT can vary in its transparency, permissions, and use of encryption. Blockchains, on the other hand, are universally encrypted. They always group information into blocks, too.

Blockchain vs. distributed ledger

Similarities

Differences

Use of distributed nodes DLT may or may not use encryption
Maintenance of a ledger DLT does not use blocks
Some decentralization DLT may be transparent or opaque

Other DLTs Beside Blockchain

Since the invention of Bitcoin, quite a few variations of DLTs and blockchains have been created, as mentioned. Some forms of DLT behave much like blockchains, and were intended to mimic the tech in some ways, but can’t be classified as such.

Holochain

Holochain is an “open-source framework for creating microservices that run peer-to-peer applications on end-user devices” without the need for centralized servers, according to Holochain.org.

Holochain is intended to provide a way for people to run the type of applications that blockchains enable without needing a blockchain. Holochain provides tools that can enable users to:

•   Authenticate users and manage their identities

•   Enforce business rules and data integrity

•   Control access to both public and private data

•   Create a redundant, distributed database to store and retrieve data, and automatically react to security risks

•   Application code deployment and updates for user devices

•   Share participants’ workload in terms of resources

Hashgraph

Hashgraph has been popularized by Hedera Hashgraph (HBAR), a tech project backed by dozens of multinational corporations.

Hashgraph enables quick, low-cost transactions, allows for the implementation of smart contracts, and has the ability to scale better than most blockchains.

Direct Acyclic Graph (DAG)

DAG is the technology behind hashgraph. DAG stores transactions in a tree-like structure that resembles a graph, rather than a chain. Due to its efficiency in data storage — data can be recorded on top of each other, rather than appended in a sequence, allowing for more than 100,000 transactions per second.

The Takeaway

DLT can be thought of as blockchain’s predecessor. Blockchain is a new type of distributed ledger that uses encrypted blocks of data and collects them into an unbreakable chain.

There are also even newer types of DLT that have built off of blockchain’s advancements. In this sense, blockchain is just one important part of the natural evolution of distributed ledger technology.

FAQ

Is blockchain a digital ledger?

Yes, blockchain is a type of distributed ledger technology (DLT). While DLT came first, and the two share many of the same characteristics (including the validation of transactions through a decentralized system of nodes), blockchain is considered a more sophisticated form of DLT.

Is blockchain the only digital ledger?

No, blockchain is not the only type of DLT that exists. Holochain and DAG (direct acyclic graph) technology are two among several others.

Is bitcoin a digital ledger technology?

Not exactly. Bitcoin is the oldest and largest form of cryptocurrency, and it was also the first implementation of blockchain technology, which is a form of DLT.


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2Terms and conditions apply. Earn a bonus (as described below) when you open a new SoFi Digital Assets LLC account and buy at least $50 worth of any cryptocurrency within 7 days. The offer only applies to new crypto accounts, is limited to one per person, and expires on December 31, 2023. Once conditions are met and the account is opened, you will receive your bonus within 7 days. SoFi reserves the right to change or terminate the offer at any time without notice.
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What Are Crypto Collectibles & How Are They Valued?

Guide to Crypto Collectibles

Crypto collectibles comprise the world of digital media that can be purchased, authenticated, and stored on blockchain networks. They’re similar to traditional collectibles — think baseball cards, Beanie Babies, artworks, and more — but they have no physical presence. They’re only digital.

Crypto collectibles take the form of non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, among other digital assets. That means that they’re one-of-a-kind. There aren’t any copies of them, which is the case with cryptocurrencies (which are considered fungible).

What Are Crypto Collectibles?

A crypto collectible is a digital asset that is created, encrypted, and stored on a blockchain. But there are distinct differences between a crypto collectible and a cryptocurrency: Crypto collectibles are non-fungible (crypto collectible and NFT can be synonymous, in most cases) and unique.

By contrast, all the different types of crypto are fungible: e.g. you can trade one Bitcoin for any other Bitcoin, it doesn’t matter — they are functionally the same.

The fact that crypto collectibles are non-fungible also means that they’re scarce, and scarcity gives them value — or perceived value — in the marketplace. Again, you can think of crypto collectibles as similar to baseball cards in the physical world. If you have a very rare baseball card (e.g. a Babe Ruth rookie card), it may carry a lot of value, because many baseball card collectors are willing to pay top dollar to get it.

Again, too, crypto collectibles are authenticated on blockchain networks, so that there’s a clear record of ownership and transactions related to any given collectible. They’re generally stored in a digital wallet, which is also how cryptocurrency works. In terms of the most common forms of crypto collectibles, it’s probably NFTs.

NFTs: Overview

As discussed, NFTs are non-fungible tokens are cryptographic digital assets that have uniquely identifiable metadata and codes, which are stored on the blockchain, ensuring that the NFT can’t be replicated or forged.

đź’ˇ Read more about what, exactly, NFTs are.

The tokens act as a representation of either digital or tangible items. For instance, one could create NFTs that stand for digital artwork, virtual real estate in a game, collectible Pokemon cards, or even someone’s personal identification information.

NFTs can take other forms as well, such as NFT music, which is exactly what it sounds like: A non-replicable audio track, stored on a blockchain network.

A lot of things can potentially be tokenized, in fact, like the first-ever tweet from Jack Dorsey, Twitter’s then-CEO.

While NFTs can, do, take numerous forms, the most important thing for most people in the crypto space to know about them is that they’re one-of-a-kind, and such, rare. That rarity is what gives them value.

How Do Crypto Collectibles Work?

Crypto collectibles such as NFTs function as assets. They can be collected, stored, or traded on marketplaces in exchange for cryptocurrencies or fiat currency, like USD (although there are some hoops to jump through before getting your hands on cash).

For instance, if you plan on selling NFTs to generate cash, you may need to go through the process of creating, or minting them to ensure you have ownership. You’d then need to determine the best marketplace to use to list and sell them. From there, you’d likely be trading your NFTs for another type of cryptocurrency, which you might then need to exchange for USD.

It’s important to keep the entire goal of NFTs in mind: To digitize, and thus lock in the value of an item, and make it relatively easy to trade, buy, or sell. When discussing NFTs and crypto collectibles, monetization and the ability to trade is really what most actors in the space are interested in, and what has helped fuel interest in the NFT ecosystem in recent years.

Where to Buy and Sell Crypto Collectibles?

Crypto collectibles, such as NFTs, can be purchased on digital exchanges and marketplaces. There are many out there, including OpenSea and Rarible, which allow users to make an account, attach their digital wallets, and start buying and selling NFTs. Users on many of these platforms can also create crypto collectibles or mint their own NFTs (read more about what NFT minting is, and how it works).

But usually, buying and selling collectibles is as simple as signing up for an account with a marketplace, funding that account, and then making trades.

5 Top-Selling Crypto Collectibles

There are thousands, if not millions of types of crypto collectibles and NFTs on the market. Here are some of the most expensive crypto collectibles:

1. EVERYDAYS: THE FIRST 5000 DAYS

The most expensive NFT or crypto collectible ever sold (so far) is a piece of digital artwork called “EVERYDAYS: THE FIRST 5000 DAYS” by the artist Mike Winkelmann (also known as “Beeple). The NFT sold for $69.3 million at auction by Christie’s in 2021, and is a collage of Beeple’s earlier work. It was purchased by an NFT investor named Metakovan.

2. Clock

It has a simple name, and it’s a simple NFT. “Clock” is an image that displays the number of days since Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, was sent to prison. The NFT itself sold for $52.7 million in 2022. It was created by an artist named Pak, and the funds received from the NFT’s sale went toward Assange’s legal defense.

3. HUMAN ONE

“Beeple” strikes again — one of his other artworks, “HUMAN ONE” is more than just an NFT. It’s actually a physical sculpture that comes with an NFT, too. So, it’s a sort of hybrid traversing the physical and digital, and it sold for $29 million in 2021.

4. CryptoPunk #5822

CryptoPunk #5822 is a part of the CryptoPunk NFT series, and many have sold for high dollar amounts. This one, specifically, sold for $23.7 million in early 2022, and was purchased by Deepak Thapliyal, who is the CEO of a Chinese blockchain company. This particular CryptoPunk depicts an “alien” avatar, which is the rarest type in the whole collection.

5. CryptoPunk #7523

Yet another part of the CryptoPunk collection, CryptoPunk #7523 sold for $11.8 million in 2021. It was purchased by Shalon Meckenzie, who is most notable for being the largest shareholder in DraftKings (a sports betting company), who says he bought it because this CryptoPunk, like #5822, is of the rare “alien” type.

How Crypto Collectibles Are Valued

When buying and selling cryptocurrency, the value of different coins depends on a variety of market factors, including demand — but sometimes broader economic issues or challenges in the crypto space. It’s similar with crypto collectibles, but with a twist.

A number of different factors can play into the value of these digital asset. But owing to the fact that crypto collectibles are one-of-a-kind, collectors or investors may be willing to pay more to get them. As a result, their value can increase. If there are no bidders or potential buyers, their value falls.

Pros and Cons of Crypto Collectibles as Investments

As with any investment, crypto collectibles have their pros and cons. That’s important to note before you start buying and selling cryptocurrency.

Some of the pros include the fact that NFTs have a clear record of ownership and transaction data, they’re potentially a high-growth asset, and they can be used as a tool for diversification in an investor’s portfolio.

Some even offer additional perks, such as access to exclusive groups or events, or even have a physical element associated with them, such as Beeple’s “HUMAN ONE,” mentioned above.

But the potential cons are hard to ignore. Above all else, NFTs and numerous different types of cryptocurrency are speculative investments — they are highly volatile, and there are no guarantees that investors will see a return. Further, they can lack the liquidity that other assets have (such as stocks), and there’s a lack of historical data to research for investors.

And one other important thing to keep in mind is that the crypto ecosystem is still rife with scams and fraud. So, be careful before making any big-money moves.

The Takeaway

Crypto collectibles comprise NFTs and the entire world of non-fungible digital assets. They can be bought, sold, and otherwise traded on exchanges and digital marketplaces, and their values are largely determined by the overall market. In other words, a crypto collectible’s value can be as much or as little as someone is willing to pay for it.

FAQ

Are crypto collectibles a type of NFT?

It’s more accurate to say that NFTs are a type of crypto collectible. In fact, they’re the main type — NFTs are digitized tokens of items that are then bought and sold in the cryptocurrency ecosystem, although they’re not cryptocurrencies themselves.

How much can crypto collectibles sell for?

Theoretically, there’s no limit to what a crypto collectible could sell for. Collectibles trade on the open market, and their value is thus determined by the market. They can sell for as much as an investor or collector is willing to pay for them. In some cases, crypto collectibles have fetched tens of millions of dollars.


Photo credit: iStock/AntonioSolano

Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

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SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

2Terms and conditions apply. Earn a bonus (as described below) when you open a new SoFi Digital Assets LLC account and buy at least $50 worth of any cryptocurrency within 7 days. The offer only applies to new crypto accounts, is limited to one per person, and expires on December 31, 2023. Once conditions are met and the account is opened, you will receive your bonus within 7 days. SoFi reserves the right to change or terminate the offer at any time without notice.
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7 Common Moving Costs to Know Before You Pack Up

About 28 million Americans made a move in 2021, with about 5 million moving interstate. As you’re probably painfully aware, a move can cost several thousand dollars, whether you’re going across town or cross-country. Amid the chaos of purging and packing, it’s easy to forget some of the moving-related costs you might face.

The key to paying for a move without a load of stress is planning. We’ve drawn up a Moving Expenses Checklist that aims to include every little thing that needs to be accounted for in your budget, from supplies to cleaning to a new driver’s license and car registration.

Your Moving Expenses Checklist

Like a lot of things in life, moving costs aren’t entirely predictable. Much depends on how far you’re going, whether you’re crossing state lines, how much stuff you have, and so on. Our aim is to cover the basics — truck, strong movers — as well as the costs that sneak up on you midway. Keep on reading to find out what they are.

1. Moving Your Stuff

There are at least three different ways to get your stuff from one place to another: Rent a moving truck, pay professional movers, or rent and move a storage container.

Renting your own truck. Yes, this is usually the cheapest route. The downside is that you — and possibly your friends — will be putting in many hours of hard labor.

At first glance, renting a moving truck or van for an across-town move seems like a great deal. You may be familiar with companies advertising van rentals for $19.99. Except that figure doesn’t include gas, tolls, parking, damage protection, and cost per mile. Suddenly, that $20 becomes more like $100.

If you enlist friends and family to help, factor in the price of pizza, beer, or gift cards to lure them to your aid and keep them motivated. Also, long-distance moves may involve shipping some boxes, which adds up quickly.

Hiring pros. Get estimates from a few companies to make sure you’re getting a good deal. A local move is usually considered under 100 miles. A long-distance move is anything more than 100 miles. Expect to pay $800-$2,500 for a basic local move with two movers, and $2,200-$5,700 for a long-distance move.

The price of a local move is often based on an hourly rate; some companies may offer a flat rate. In some states, if you’re moving more than 50 miles, the cost may be based on the weight of the truckload instead of the hourly rate.

A packing service can add a chunk to these costs. You may also want to purchase “full value protection” insurance through your mover to protect your belongings in case of loss or damage.

Hauling a container. Moving a self-storage container, those units popularized by PODS®, is typically less expensive than using full-service movers. Three factors influence your cost: the size of your home, the distance you’re moving, and seasonality. A local container move can range from $1,100 to $1,600, including the container and transport. A 1,000 mile move costs on average $4,430 for the contents of an average-size home. Prices tend to be higher during “moving season,” typically March through August.

If you’re comparing quotes, know that each company handles costs differently. Some itemize the costs for each part of the move; others include everything in one quote.

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2. Transporting Yourself

Short or long move, you’ll have to get yourself there, too. That could mean a road trip, which includes gas, tolls, possibly lodging, and meals along the way. An online fuel cost calculator can help you tally how much you’ll spend on gas. Otherwise, it means the cost of a plane ticket, getting yourself to and from the airport, and possibly the price of shipping your car.

3. Moving Supplies

You probably know that you’ll need boxes. But don’t forget the oodles of tape, bubble wrap, packing peanuts, labels, and protective blankets for furniture. And you’ll need to rent or buy a dolly if you’re planning a DIY move.

You may be able to save by asking for free boxes from local grocery stores and using recycled newspaper as packing material. But the little things can still add up.

4. Costs Upon Arrival

If you’re renting, you might owe a security deposit and first month’s rent to your new landlord. You may also be responsible for a pet deposit or fees for getting utilities hooked up.

If you’re moving into a home of your own, you might need to make repairs before you settle in. Some new homeowners also invest in changing locks, putting in security alarms, or replacing smoke detectors.

You may also want to take care of renovating some areas before all your stuff is in the way, and if you have a lawn for the first time, you might need to buy a mower or hire a service.

Will you need a storage unit? Plan on $100 to $300 a month.

Recommended: Personal Loan vs Credit Card: What’s the Better Option?

5. Cleaning Costs and Supplies

You might be responsible for leaving your old place in tip-top shape. That means paying for stuff like floor cleaner, mops, brushes, and wipes. You may also need to hire a carpet cleaner or house cleaners if you’re short on time or your place needs serious attention.

On the other end, you might need supplies to clean your new apartment or house before you unpack everything.

6. Furniture and Other Items

Even if you’re bringing a lot of things with you, chances are you’ll need to buy some furniture for your new home. You might save by searching online or perusing garage sales and flea markets.

Still, if you need any substantial pieces, like a bed, couch, or table, you could be looking at a few hundred dollars. Beyond furniture, if you’ve moved far away, you might need to stock your new place with all kinds of everyday items, from groceries and pantry staples to toiletries.

7. New License and Vehicle Registration

If you’re moving to a different state and have a car, you’ll need to apply for a new license and register your car with the local department of motor vehicles. This comes with a fee, of course. Vehicle registration can cost up to $225, depending on the state. A new driver’s license can cost around $30 to $60.

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Preparing for Moving Costs

When making a moving-cost checklist, the worst budgeting mistake you can make is underestimate your needs because you’re not sure how you’ll pay for them. If anything, you want to pad your budget so that unexpected costs don’t make the experience harder than it has to be.

If you’ve got the cash to cover your move, great. That’s what emergency savings are for. You can also use a 0% interest credit card, crowdsource from friends and family, or consider a personal loan.

Personal loans are a form of installment debt, where you receive a lump sum that you then repay in equal monthly payments. There are different types of personal loans, so you can choose the terms that best fit your budget and circumstances.

Believe it or not, moving expenses are one of the most common uses for personal loans. And because of their relatively low fixed rates compared to high-interest credit cards, you can roll in related new-home expenses like new furniture and painting.

The Takeaway

Moving is a major financial commitment, but it doesn’t have to break the bank. When planning a move, first decide whether you’re going to DIY or hire pros. Then make a list of packing supplies, cleaning supplies and services, and the cost of moving yourself if it’s long-distance. Next, consider your costs upon arrival: security deposit, prepping your new space, replacement furniture, and new household items. If you’re moving interstate, there may be car-related expenses, such as a new license and registration. And it’s always wise to pad your budget — 10%-20% — to accommodate anything unexpected.

Planning a move and need money to help? A SoFi personal loan can be a smart way to cover your costs without adding emotional baggage. Our personal loan calculator can help you choose the terms that are right for you.

Get a move on to see what a personal loan can do for you.


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Which Debt to Pay Off First: Student Loan or Credit Card

It’s a common dilemma: Should you pay off credit cards or student loans first? The answer isn’t totally cut and dried. But if your credit card interest rates are higher than your student loan interest rates, paying down credit cards first will probably save you more money in interest.

But don’t stop there. Keep reading to learn how to calculate what’s best for your situation, and why. Along the way, you’ll learn more about how credit cards work, the complexities of student loans, and two very different strategies for paying down debt.

Prioritizing Your Debts

Experts are split over the best debt to pay off first. Some recommend you tackle the smallest balance first because of the psychological boost that comes from erasing a debt entirely.

However, from a purely financial standpoint, you’re better off paying off the debt that carries the highest interest rate first. That’s because the higher the interest rate, and the longer you hold the debt, the more you end up paying overall. This usually means tackling high-interest credit card debt first.

Keep in mind that prioritizing one debt over another does not mean that you stop paying the less urgent bill. It’s important to stay on top of all debts, making at least minimum monthly payment on each.

Failing to make bill payments can hurt your credit score, which can have all sorts of effects down the road. For example, a poor credit score can make it difficult to secure new loans at low rates when you want to buy a new car or home, or to take out a business loan.

You might consider setting up automatic payments on your loans. Automatic payments can make it easier to pay bills on time and juggle multiple payments.

If you’re having trouble making your monthly payments, consider strategies to make your payments more manageable, such as refinancing.

Student Loan vs Credit Card Debt

Before we get into if it’s better to pay off credit cards or student loans first, let’s look at how each debt is structured.

Student Loan Debt

A student loan is a type of installment loan used to pay for tuition and related schooling expenses for undergraduate or postgraduate study. Borrowers receive a lump sum, which they agree to pay back with interest in regular installments, usually monthly, over a predetermined period of time. In this way, student loans are similar to other installment loans such as mortgages, car loans, and personal loans.

At a high level, there are two types of student loans: federal and private. The U.S. government is the single largest source of student loans. Federal student loans have low fixed interest rates: Current rates are 4.99% for undergrad loans, and 7.44% for graduate and professional loans. These loans come with protections like income-driven repayment plans, deferment and forbearance, and loan forgiveness.

Private student loans are managed by banks, credit unions, and online lenders. They may have a fixed or variable interest rate, which is tied to the borrower’s credit score and income. Average interest rates range from 3.22% to 13.95% for a fixed rate, and from 1.29% to 12.99% for variable.

Private student loans don’t come with the same protections as federal student loans. For instance, they are not eligible for President Biden’s loan forgiveness plan.

Payback timelines vary widely. As with other loans, the longer your repayment timeline, the lower your monthly payment will be — but you’ll pay more in interest over the life of the loan. The shorter your repayment period, the larger your monthly payment, and the less interest you’ll pay.

Recommended: Types of Federal Student Loans

Credit Card Debt

Credit cards offer a type of revolving credit, where account holders can borrow money as needed up to a set maximum. You can either pay off the balance in full or make minimum monthly payments on the account. Any remaining balance accrues interest.

Credit cards usually come with higher interest rates than installment loans. The average credit card interest rate in September 2022 was 21.59%. But an individual credit card holder’s rate depends on their credit score. People with Excellent credit will pay an average of 18.04%, while those with Bad credit will pay closer to 25.14%.

Depending how the account is managed, credit card debt can be either very expensive or essentially free. If you always pay off credit cards in full each month, no interest usually accrues. However, if you make only minimum payments, your debt can spiral upward.

Recommended: Taking Out a Personal Loan to Pay Off Credit Card Debt

Should I Pay Off Credit Card or Student Loan First?

When it comes to student loan vs credit card debt, there’s no universal answer that fits everyone in every situation. A number of factors can tip the scales one way or another, especially the interest rates on your loan and credit card.

We’ll explore two scenarios: one in which paying off credit cards is the best move, and another where student loans get priority.

The Case for Paying Down Credit Cards First

If you are carrying high-interest credit card debt, you’ll likely want to focus on paying off credit cards first. As you saw above, the average credit card interest rate (21.59%) is significantly higher than the maximum student loan interest rate (13.95%). Even if your credit card interest rate is lower than average, it’s unlikely to be much lower than your student loan’s rate.

Credit card debt can add up quickly, and the higher the interest rate, the faster your debt can accumulate. Making minimum payments still means you’re accruing interest on your balance. And as that interest compounds (as you pay interest on your interest), your balance can get more difficult to pay off.

A high balance can also hurt your credit score, which is partially determined by how much outstanding debt you owe.

Paying Off Credit Card Debt

Once you decide to focus on paying off credit cards first, start by finding extra funds to send to the cause. Look for places in your budget where you can cut costs, and direct any savings to paying down your cards. Also consider earmarking bonuses, tax refunds, and gifts of cash for your credit card payment.

Next, make a list of your credit card balances in order of highest interest rate to lowest. The Debt Avalanche method refers to paying off the credit card with the highest interest rate first, then taking on the credit card with the next highest rate.

It bears repeating that focusing on one debt doesn’t mean you put off the others. Don’t forget to make minimum payments on your other cards while you put extra effort into one individual card.

You may also choose to use a Debt Snowball strategy. When using this method, order your credit cards from smallest to largest balance. Pay off the card with the smallest balance first. Once you do, move on to the card with the next smallest balance, adding the payment from the card you paid off to the payment you’re already making on that card.

The idea here is that, like a snowball rolling down a hill gets bigger and faster as it rolls, the momentum of paying off debt in this way can help you stay motivated and pay it off quicker.

Managing Your Student Loans

Meanwhile, it’s important that you continue making regular student loan payments while you’re prioritizing your credit card debt. For one thing, you shouldn’t just stop paying your student loans. If you do, federal student loans go into default after 270 days (about 9 months). From there, your loans can go to a collections agency, which may charge you fees for recouping your debt. The government can also garnish your wages or your tax return.

You can, however, typically adjust your student loan repayment plan to make monthly payments more manageable. If you have federal loans, consider an income-driven repayment plan, which bases your monthly payment on your discretionary income.

While this may reduce your monthly student loan payments, it extends your loan term to 20 to 25 years. That can end up costing you more in interest. So make sure the extra interest payments don’t outweigh the benefits of paying down your credit card debt first.

Refinancing Your Student Loans

It can also be a smart idea to refinance student loans. When you refinance a loan or multiple loans, a lender pays off your current loans and provides you with a new one, ideally at a lower rate.

You can use refinancing to serve a couple of purposes. One option is to lower your monthly payment by lengthening the loan term. This can free up some room in your budget, making it easier to stay on top of your monthly payments and redirect money to credit card payments. Just remember that lengthening the loan term can result in you paying more interest over the course of your loan.

Or you can shorten your loan term instead. This can be a good way to kick your student loan repayment into overdrive. Your payments will increase, but you’ll reduce the cost of interest over the life of the loan. In other words, you’re giving equal weight to paying off your student loans and your credit card debt.

When you refinance with SoFi, there are no origination or application fees.

To see how refinancing with SoFi can help you tackle your student loan debt, take advantage of our student loan refinancing calculator.

Take control of your debt by refinancing your student loans. You can get a quote from SoFi in as little as two minutes.

FAQ

Should you pay off your student loans or your credit cards first?

The answer depends on a number of factors, especially the interest rates on your loans and credit cards. But if your credit cards carry high interest rates, you’ll likely save more money in interest by paying off your credit cards before your student loans.

What is the best debt to pay off first?

From a purely financial perspective, it’s best to pay off your highest interest-rate debt first. This is called the Debt Avalanche method. Paying off the most expensive debt (usually credit cards) first will save you the most money in interest.

Is it smart to pay off credit card debt with student loans?

This is probably not a good idea. First of all, paying off credit cards with student loans may violate your student loan agreement, which limits the use of funds to tuition and related expenses. If you use a credit card exclusively for educational expenses like textbooks and computers, you might be able to use loan funds to pay it off. However, you should check your loan agreement carefully to make sure this is allowed.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Ethereum Price History: 2015-2022

Ethereum Price History: 2015-2023

Ethereum is the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap after Bitcoin, and it was the first to introduce blockchain-based smart contract technology. In part thanks to Ethereum’s many innovations, the value of ETH has been relatively high over the last seven or eight years — with a historic low of about 42 cents and an all-time high of about $4,800 in November of 2021.

The concept for the Ethereum platform was first proposed in a white paper by Vitalik Buterin in 2013. In 2014, he and a team of developers raised about $18 million to establish the nonprofit Ethereum Foundation and fund its development. The Ethereum platform launched in 2015.

From the beginning, the vision for Ethereum was distinct from Bitcoin or any other cryptocurrency at the time. The larger idea for Ethereum was to create a programmable blockchain that would enable a sort of free market environment, where developers could create applications and programs without any control or interference from a third party.

Ethereum Price History

The innovative spirit of the Ethereum blockchain has sustained its value over the years.

Many blockchain-based projects have been built on the Ethereum network, including countless decentralized finance (DeFi) apps, non-fungible tokens (NFT), and a long list of utility tokens that serve various use cases.

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) powers these automated agreements.

When it was launched in 2015, the price of 1 ETH was under a dollar – starting at $0.74. In 2016, the cryptocurrency was listed on Coinbase and was trading between $7 – $10. By 2017, a volatile year, the price skyrocketed as high as $1,600 before falling by about 95%, to $80.

Over the next few years, ETH would eventually see another bull market, taking its price to a new all-time high of $4,815 in November 2021. Since then, the price has fallen again, and was trading around $1,124, as of November 9, 2022.

Ethereum Price History

Ethereum (ETH) Price History

Year

High

Low

2015 $1.39 $0.42
2016 $21.25 $0.93
2017 $881.94 $7.98
2018 $1,119.37 $82.83
2019 $361.40 $102.93
2020 $533.00 $95.18
2021 $4,815.00 $718.11

Ethereum Price in 2015: Starting Price

Price of Ethereum in 2015: $0.42 to $1.39

In 2015, the year that Ethereum first launched, the price started at around $0.74 and the lowest closing price for ETH was $0.42.

The year 2015 was the only time when Ethereum was worth one dollar or less, with the exception of January 2016.

There weren’t many significant events for the Ethereum price history in 2015. The network had only just been launched and the ETH token had little value.

Ethereum Price in 2016: First Hard Fork

Price of Ethereum in 2016: $0.93 to $21.25

Early 2016 was the last time that Ethereum was worth less than a dollar. The lowest price for ETH was in January, around $0.93. ETH climbed as high as $21.25 in June before falling back to $6 in December.

There were several significant Ethereum-related events that happened in 2016. Ethereum saw what was at the time the largest crowdfunding in history with its Decentralized Autonomous Organization (or DAO). The DAO was then hacked when attackers exploited an aspect of the crowdfunding mechanism inside a smart contract that allowed them to withdraw ETH from the fund.

As a result of this attack, Ethereum developers decided to hard fork the network. This allowed them to roll back the blockchain to a time when the DAO hack had never happened.

The original chain then became Ethereum Classic (ETC), and the new chain became Ethereum (ETH). This event is sometimes referred to as the ETC/ETH split.

In other important crypto news, ETH became the second-ever crypto to be listed on Coinbase in July of 2016. Up until that time, Coinbase users could only buy and sell Bitcoin. This helped set the stage for Ethereum’s massive bull run over the next few years.

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Ethereum Price in 2017: Becoming Mainstream

Price of Ethereum in 2017: $7.98 to $881.94

In 2017, awareness of Ethereum began to grow, and the ETH price started to soar. The lowest price for ETH that year was just under $8, where it began in January. The ETH price then rose as high as $881.94 by December.

In 2017, the crypto asset class as a whole started going mainstream. Bitcoin rose from about $1,000 in early 2017 to as high as $19,000 by December 2017. Ethereum and many other altcoins came along for the ride, seeing even more dramatic price increases. During this time, ETH would solidify its place as the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, where it still sits today.

Ethereum Price in 2018: Breaking $1K

Price of Ethereum in 2018: $82.83 to $1,119.37

In 2018, Ethereum reached $1,119.37, the highest price it had ever been at the time. But by December, the lowest price for ETH was $82.83, as the infamous “crypto winter” set in, and many cryptocurrencies saw their values plummet by 90% or more.

While there weren’t many significant events pertaining to Ethereum specifically in 2018, there was a lot of FUD (fear, uncertainty, doubt) surrounding crypto in general at this time. Many media reports declared that Bitcoin and cryptocurrency were “dead” after the market shed hundreds of billions of dollars off its total market cap.

Just two years earlier, in 2016, the entire cryptocurrency market cap had been under $10 billion. At the peak in 2018, it topped out at $820 billion, representing a rise of more than 80x in just a few years as traders piled into a speculative mania that would go down in history as one of the biggest asset bubbles ever.

Ethereum Price in 2019: The Uneventful

Price of Ethereum in 2019: $102.93 to $361:40

The lowest price for Ethereum in 2019 was $102.93, more than 90% down from $1,432, the highest price Ethereum had ever been at that point in time.

There weren’t many significant events regarding the Ethereum price history in 2019. It wasn’t a very eventful year in crypto.

Ethereum Price in 2020: The Coronavirus Effect

Price of Ethereum in 2020: $95.18 to $533.00

Ethereum began 2020 at about $127, a price not far above where it began the previous year. Times were tough, owing to the pandemic. But ETH was able to find its footing toward the end of the year.

In Q1 2020, the coronavirus pandemic and associated lockdowns led to a worldwide sell-off across all asset classes. Crypto was no exception. Ethereum fell below $100 in March 2020 before climbing higher in the second half of that year. This set the stage for the epic bull run of 2021.

Ethereum Price in 2021: Epic Bull Run

Price of Ethereum in 2021: $718.11 to $4,780.73

The lowest price for ETH in 2021 was $718. This year saw the highest price Ethereum has ever been, at $4,815.00. This smashed the previous record high of over $1,400.

2021 saw a bull market in most asset classes, including stocks, bonds, real estate, and crypto. The total crypto market cap crossed $3 trillion for the first time that year. Ethereum was supposed to undergo an upgrade (called the Merge) in 2021, but it was pushed to September of 2022.

Ethereum Price in 2022

Price of Ethereum in 2022: $896 to $1,965

The lowest price for Ethereum in 2022 so far has been $896, while the high has been $1,965. The price is currently hovering around the $1,100 level, as of Nov. 9, 2022.

Owing in part to the economic crisis brewing in early 2022, thanks to inflation and rising interest rates, crypto valuations have plummeted in value this year. The stablecoin crisis in early Q2 didn’t help, as Terra and its linked crypto LUNA, crashed. As of Q4 of 2022, the crypto markets had lost billions in value, and 2022 has been dubbed the next crypto winter.

Even Ethereum’s successful migration from a proof-of-work system to a proof-of-stake network in September has not yet delivered additional price momentum — but at least it’s not as low as some of its competitors. The merge marks the end of traditional crypto mining as a way to generate new Ethereum tokens.

đź’ˇ Recommended: What Is Ethereum 2.0? How Will It Be Different?

Considerations When Investing in Ethereum

Cryptocurrencies are volatile, and many altcoins, including ETH, can be even more volatile than Bitcoin. This increases the chances for outsized gains as well as steep losses. When investing in ETH, it’s important to consider a project’s past and future. The DAO hack of 2016 resulted in the ETC/ETH split, something that interested investors may want to consider researching further.

Another important factor to consider is Ethereum’s “merge,” or upgrade from a proof-of-work consensus mechanism to a proof-of-stake one. While this evolution hasn’t yielded big gains, it’s possible that the greater energy efficiency across the Ethereum network could still yield unforeseen benefits.

The Takeaway

Ethereum is one of the oldest and most successful crypto networks. It has made the DeFi revolution possible, thanks to its development of smart contracts and other innovative uses of blockchain technology.

Still, there’s no getting around the fact that crypto prices are volatile. Ethereum price history is one of ups and downs, ground lost — and ground regained. Ethereum launched with a value of about 1 dollar in 2015 and early 2016, but since then the price has soared way beyond those levels.

A correction of almost 95% happened after Ethereum’s 2018 high of over $1,400, and a correction of over 80% occurred after the more recent 2021 high of over $4,800, the highest price Ethereum has ever been.


Photo credit: iStock/PeopleImages

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Crypto: Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies aren’t endorsed or guaranteed by any government, are volatile, and involve a high degree of risk. Consumer protection and securities laws don’t regulate cryptocurrencies to the same degree as traditional brokerage and investment products. Research and knowledge are essential prerequisites before engaging with any cryptocurrency. US regulators, including FINRA , the SEC , and the CFPB , have issued public advisories concerning digital asset risk. Cryptocurrency purchases should not be made with funds drawn from financial products including student loans, personal loans, mortgage refinancing, savings, retirement funds or traditional investments. Limitations apply to trading certain crypto assets and may not be available to residents of all states.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

2Terms and conditions apply. Earn a bonus (as described below) when you open a new SoFi Digital Assets LLC account and buy at least $50 worth of any cryptocurrency within 7 days. The offer only applies to new crypto accounts, is limited to one per person, and expires on December 31, 2023. Once conditions are met and the account is opened, you will receive your bonus within 7 days. SoFi reserves the right to change or terminate the offer at any time without notice.
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