Feb
22
2023
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Can You Get a Student Loan for Summer Classes?

By | Fresh Out of School, Student Loans, student_loan | No Comments

Want to squeeze in a couple of classes this summer but not sure how to pay for them? You have several options, including federal and private student loans. The summer loan application process is generally the same as it is for the regular academic year. But the federal government limits how much you can borrow, so it’s important to consider your options carefully.

Here’s what you need to know about paying for summer classes.

Costs of Going to School in the Summer

Tuition is one of the biggest costs associated with going to school in the summer. That said, some colleges offer summer courses at a reduced cost, or you may be able to take classes at a community college for a lower price and transfer the credits to your school. If you don’t plan on living at home, you’ll also need to budget for housing, food, transportation, and other personal expenses.

The short-term cost of going to school during the summer may be worth it in the long run, though. Taking extra classes can help you finish your degree — and start drawing income from a full-time job — faster.

Can You Get Financial Aid for Summer Classes?

Just like during the fall or spring terms, financial aid is available during the summer. Let’s take a look at some common types of assistance.

Grants

Grants can help offset the cost of summer courses and typically don’t need to be repaid. One popular type of grant is the Pell Grant, which is awarded by the federal government and based on financial need. Qualifying students can receive Pell Grants for 12 semesters, and in certain circumstances, they may be eligible to receive additional funds for the summer semester.

Some schools offer grants to students who are enrolling in summer classes. Contact the financial aid office to see if your school offers this option. Your state may also provide grants to help students cover the cost of summer classes. Visit the website of your state’s department of education to find out if this option is available to you.

Scholarships

Like grants, scholarships usually do not need to be repaid, and in general, you’re free to use the funds for a summer term. There are thousands of available scholarships based on financial need or merit offered by a variety of sources. Searching scholarship databases can help you narrow your options.

Work-Study

Federal Work-Study gives students with financial need part-time employment to help them earn extra money to pay for education expenses. Check with your college’s financial aid office to find out if the school participates in the program.

Student Loans

The loans you apply for, to pay for the regular school year, can also be used to cover summer courses. There are different types of federal student loans to explore: Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and Direct PLUS Loans.

Once you’ve exhausted federal aid options, you may consider private loans to pay for summer classes. Generally, lenders allow you to borrow up to the school-certified cost of attendance.

Other Ways to Cover the Cost of Summer Classes

Whether you’ve exhausted financial assistance or want to earn extra money for school and living expenses, here are two other options to consider.

Paid Internship

A paid summer internship doesn’t just potentially provide students with valuable professional experience and important connections. It’s also a chance to draw an income while you’re taking summer classes. To find out about opportunities you may be qualified for, check with your school’s career center.

Part-Time Job

During the summer, students often have more free time to work more hours and earn more cash to help cover the cost of summer classes. A part-time job usually offers flexible hours to accommodate school. Plus, some students may find a job that’s related to their major or career of choice.

Federal vs Private Student Loans: How They Compare

Federal student loans are funded by the federal government and offer borrowers protections such as deferment, forbearance, and the option to pursue Public Service Loan Forgiveness. Most federal student loans do not require a credit check, and interest rates are fixed for the life of the loan. Students must fill out the FAFSA annually and be enrolled at least part-time to qualify for aid.

The federal government limits the amount of money students can borrow per academic year and in total, and this includes any aid you receive for summer classes. The limit is based on your dependency status and how long you’ve been in school. For example, in the 2022-2023 academic year, a first-year dependent undergraduate may qualify for up to $5,500 in student loans, with a limit of $3,500 on what can be subsidized. An independent first-year undergraduate student may qualify for up to $9,500 in student loans, with a limit of $3,500 on what can be subsidized.

Private loans are offered by private lenders, such as banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. Interest rates may be fixed or variable and are determined by the lender based on criteria including an applicant’s financial history and credit score. Many lenders require students to be enrolled in school at least part time. Depending on the loan terms, borrowers may be required to make payments while they are enrolled in school, and they may or may not provide a grace period. Private student loans also lack the borrower protections afforded to federal student loans.

Students who take out the maximum amount of federal aid may consider private loans as an option to pay for summer classes. Generally, private lenders allow you to borrow up to the school-certified cost of attendance.

When Applications Are Due

FAFSA applications for the following academic year are typically due around the end of June. The application requires borrowers to check the school year in which the funds will be used. If you’re submitting a FAFSA for the summer term, ask your school which year to check on the form and if any other forms are required. The sooner you submit the application, the more likely you are to receive funding, since many sources of aid are offered on a first-come, first-served basis.

What You’ll Need to Apply

To help the FAFSA application process go smoothly, it helps to have some information and a few documents on hand. This includes your Social Security number (or Alien Registration number for if you’re an eligible noncitizen); your federal income tax returns, W-2s, and other records of income; bank statements and any record of investments; records of untaxed income, if applicable; and your FSA ID. Dependent students will need most of that information for their parents.

If you’re applying for a private student loan, you’ll apply directly with the lender. Applicants typically need to have a solid credit history, proof of income, be at least 18, and be a U.S. resident. Adding a cosigner to the loan may be an option that can help potential borrowers strengthen their application.

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The Takeaway

If you’re considering enrolling in some summer classes, financial aid can help you cover the bill. Grants, scholarships, work-study, internships, and part-time jobs are all options to explore, as are federal and private student loans. There are key differences between the loans that are important to keep in mind. Borrowers applying for federal aid must fill out the FAFSA every year and should check with their school’s financial aid office to find out which year to select on the FAFSA summer application. The federal government limits how much a student can borrow each year and in total. Those amounts are based on a student’s dependency status and academic year.

Students who reached their maximum borrowing limit may explore private student loans, like ones from SoFi. The application process can be completed easily online, and you can see rates and terms in just a few minutes. There are no fees, and borrowers can choose one of four repayment plans, depending on which works best for their needs.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Feb
21
2023
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What Are Round-Up Savings?

By | Budgeting & Goals, Financial Independence, money | Comments Off on What Are Round-Up Savings?

Round-ups are an automatic savings tool that rounds up purchase prices to the nearest dollar. The difference between that somewhat higher figure and the actual price then gets deposited into a savings or investment account.

One of the key benefits of this savings technique is that it’s effortless. The money accrues without your doing any calculations or transfers. It’s akin to the saving technique in which people pay cash for purchases using bills and accumulate change. That loose change eventually gets deposited into a savings account. Round-ups accomplishes the same goal, but there’s no lugging coin jars involved.

If this round-ups concept sounds interesting, read on to learn more, including:

•   How does round-up savings work?

•   Do banks offer round-up savings?

•   What are round-up savings apps?

•   What are the pros and cons of round-ups?

How Does Round-Up Savings Work?

Need a real-world example of how round-up savings works? Say you stop at your local coffee shop for a latte to go. It costs $4.65. With a round-up, the price is rounded up to $5, with $4.65 going to the merchant and 35 cents to the account you have designated.

Now, 35 cents might not sound like much, but think of how many times you swipe or tap that card. It’s not uncommon for people to make 30 transactions per week and save more than $10 per week with round-ups. That would be in excess of $520 a year, not including the power of compound interest which can boost the amount higher still.

With some providers, these small amounts of change accrue and then are deposited into the user’s account in a lump sum once they hit a certain dollar-amount threshold or a specific time period has passed.

With others, the funds may be deposited as soon as the transaction settles.

Do Banks Offer Round-Up Savings?

Some bank accounts and debit card products offer round-ups for transactions. Not all financial institutions offer round-up savings accounts, so if the notion sounds like the right tactic to help you save, consider investigating whether the feature is offered before deciding where to open an account.

It can be a good perk that helps add to your savings, whether your goal is accruing the money you need for an emergency fund or getting enough moolah together for next summer’s vacation.

How does a round-up savings account work? Typically, you will have linked checking and savings accounts at a bank. The debit card for the checking account can be activated to round up the price of purchases. The difference between the actual cost and the rounded-up price is then transferred to the checking account.

Quick Money Tip: If you’re saving for a short-term goal — whether it’s a vacation, a wedding, or the down payment on a house — consider opening a high-yield savings account. The higher APY that you’ll earn will help your money grow faster, but the funds stay liquid, so they are easy to access when you reach your goal.

Round-Up Savings Apps

There are also standalone round-up apps, which users can typically connect to a credit card, debit card, or checking account.

The app then monitors transactions and either transfers the proceeds of round-ups in batches or allows users to transfer money on demand.

Some standalone round-up apps also charge a monthly user fee.

In such cases, consider the monthly volume of transactions to make sure the cost doesn’t exceed the amount of money round-ups will help to accrue for savings. The point here, of course, is to grow your wealth, not nibble away at your money.

Recommended: 5 Types of Savings You Should Consider Having

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Round-Up Savings Can Add Up

While saving 23 or 85 cents here and there may not sound like much, any coin-jar saver who ever went to the bank with $100 in change can attest that putting away small amounts can add up fast. Consider the following:

•   Saving just five extra dollars a week in round-ups adds up to $260 over the course of the year. This may not sound like a lot of money to save in total, but it can provide a nice boost to augment a more intentional savings strategy.

•   Just like other savings or investments, round-ups deposited into a savings or an investment account have the potential to earn a good interest rate. If the proceeds of round-up purchases are deposited to a savings account on a regular basis, that spare change would grow — and could continue growing — each time interest compounds.

For round-up investing, those small savings can, over time, help in the purchase of additional shares which may also grow in value.

Pros and Cons of Round-up Savings

It’s a fact that many Americans have trouble saving money. For example, almost half of all Americans have no retirement savings at all, according to a recent U.S. Census Bureau survey.

There are lots of reasons people have trouble saving — and for some, setting up round-ups can help them consistently set money away without having to think about it or expend any effort.

Wondering whether round-ups are right for you? Here are some pros and cons to note:

Pros of Round-Up Savings

Among the benefits of round-ups are:

•   Round-ups are a positive step in financial selfcare. One reason round-ups can be a useful savings tool is they help someone pay themselves with each transaction. Kind of like tipping oneself, round-ups pay the saver a little something extra on their purchases, making everyday spending a little more rewarding.

•   Round-ups are automatic. Part of why saving can feel painful is that it requires the saver to make difficult decisions on a regular basis. Once round-ups are set up, no conscious sacrifices are required. You don’t have to engage in any potentially painful decisions about, say, how to save money on streaming services or your utility bill.

Automating personal finances can be a helpful tactic to encourage healthy habits, and round-ups can be a valuable part of this seamless approach to personal finances.

•   Round-ups show visible progress on your savings goals. For those who are already putting money into savings on a regular basis, taking advantage of round-up features can help to grow that money more rapidly, putting savings goals within even closer reach. For those who aren’t currently saving, seeing round-ups grow as you swipe or tap your debit card can be an encouraging experience.

•   Round-ups may help counter savings procrastination. While some people save early and often, others may put it off. There are lots of reasons for procrastinating on starting a savings plan and surely many other tempting ways to spend your cash. Round-ups can help motivate savings procrastinators by demonstrating the effects of putting money away on a regular basis.

Cons of Round-Up Savings

While round-ups work well for many people, there are some downsides to consider as well.

•   Round-ups may come with fees. When opting into a round-up service, review the fees. Saving $5 a week seems great, but if fees are going to cost you $2, is that worth it?

•   Round-ups could throw off a careful budget. If you are on a very tight budget, rounding up could tip things out of balance. Also, people who often have a low balance in their checking account could overdraw their account due to the automatic round-ups fee being debited. That, in turn, can lead to overdraft or NSF (non-sufficient funds) fees. Review program requirements for round-ups and your bank accounts’ guidelines before opting into anything.

Pay Yourself — Every Time

Saving money can be hard work but using round-ups can automate savings and eliminate some of the pain of growing your finances.

With a SoFi Checking and Savings online bank account, you can enroll in the Round-up program to help grow your savings. What’s more, you’ll earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and pay zero in account fees, which also can boost your savings. Need more incentive to see what SoFi can do for you? Another perk is that qualifying accounts can get paycheck access up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Do round-up savings work?

Round-up savings can work by increasing the price you pay on transactions to the next higher dollar amount and depositing the difference in a savings or other account. However, be aware that some round-up apps may charge a fee, which may diminish the amount you save.

What is a round-up savings account?

A round-up savings account is one in which your debit card transactions from a linked checking account are rounded up to the next dollar amount. The rounded-up amount (the difference between the actual price of the goods or service and the price you paid as a round-up) then goes into your savings account where interest can help it grow.

Do banks offer round-up savings?

Various banks offer round-up savings. How it works: When you use the debit card linked to your checking account at the bank, the cost of a purchase will be rounded up to the nearest dollar. The extra money then gets deposited into your linked savings account where it can grow.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Feb
16
2023
2023 Wedding Cost Calculator Table with Examples

2024 Wedding Cost Calculator with Examples

By | Budgeting & Goals, Family Finances, relay | Comments Off on 2024 Wedding Cost Calculator with Examples

The question was popped, the answer was yes, and now you’re ready to plan your dream wedding. Which means it’s probably time to set up a meet-and-greet between your vision board and your bank account.

Wedding costs can add up quickly, and if you’re just winging it, it’s easy to get carried away. Using a wedding cost calculator as you work through the planning process can help you manage your money better and create a more realistic budget.

Read on for a breakdown of the costs you can expect as you prepare for your big day.

Key Points

•   The wedding cost calculator helps estimate the total cost of a wedding based on various factors.

•   It takes into account factors such as location, guest count, venue, catering, attire, and other expenses.

•   The calculator provides an itemized breakdown of costs and allows for customization based on personal preferences.

•   It can help couples create a realistic budget and make informed decisions about their wedding expenses.

•   Using the wedding cost calculator can help reduce stress and ensure financial preparedness for the big day.

How Much Will My Wedding Cost?

The cost of a wedding depends on several factors, including where you live, your wedding date, and the size of your guest list. If you go all-out with a big bridal party, designer duds, and a reception for 200-plus, your bill could be significantly more than the current median of $10,000. If you decide to go with a simple ceremony at City Hall, on the other hand, followed by a modest dinner with a few friends, your total spend will likely fall way below the typical wedding cost.

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What Does the Average Wedding Cost?

The most recent SoFi survey found that the median wedding cost is $10,000. But again, that number can vary widely.

Studies have found that couples who live in the South typically spend a bit less on their wedding, while those who live in bigger cities, particularly in the Northeast, can expect higher costs. Trying to match or exceed the standards set by others in your social group can also affect your bottom line.

The popular wedding website The Knot says couples who live in the South typically spend a bit less on their wedding, while those who live in bigger cities, particularly in the Northeast, can expect higher costs. Trying to match or exceed the standards set by others in your social group can also affect your bottom line.

Recommended: Is It Smart to Finance a Wedding?

What Goes into a Wedding Cost Calculator?

A wedding cost calculator uses average wedding costs to help couples break down the expenses they can expect to encounter as they plan their wedding. This budgeting tool can assist couples and their families in prioritizing how they want to spend their money. (Is a designer dress a must? Is a buffet or sit-down dinner a better choice? How many guests can you really afford?)

You also can use a wedding calculator/budget as a checklist to ensure you’ve covered all the details, so there aren’t any surprises (or unexpected wedding expenses) as you close in on the big day.

How to Calculate Wedding Costs

To keep things in perspective and set reasonable priorities, you may want to start by designating a certain percentage of your overall budget for each cost category. A $2,000 dress, for example, would be 10% of a $20,000 budget. A $10,000 reception (venue, catering, music, etc.) would take up 50%. That would leave you 40%, or $8,000, for the rest of your costs (the tux, flowers, photography, etc.).

Knowing the average costs for various categories can also help you fine-tune your budget and save for your wedding. Here’s a look at some of the most common wedding expenditures.

Before the Big Day

You can count on racking up some wedding bills long before you hear wedding bells. (Which is why it can be helpful to use a spending app as soon as you start planning.) Here are some costs you may incur early on in your preparations:

Save the Date Cards: If you want to let your guests know waaay ahead that your big day is coming up, sending “save-the-date” alerts can help. Postcards generally cost 20-55¢ each; refrigerator magnets can range from 30¢ to $1.60. (Costs per item typically go down when you order more.)

Invitations: Two major factors will affect the cost of sending out wedding invitations: An elaborate invitation or one that’s designed just for you will cost more than a standard design. And, of course, you’ll pay more for invitations and postage if you have a large guest list. (Don’t forget to put stamps on the RSVP cards included in each invite.) You could end up paying from $2 to $10 for each invitation and postage.

Wedding Planner: How much would you be willing to pay to hand over some of the stress of planning your wedding to a professional? U.S. couples spend an average of $1,500 for their wedding planner’s services, but your price may vary depending on your planner’s expertise and level of involvement, and the size of your wedding.

Marriage Ceremony

Though it’s what the big day is all about, and the reason friends and family have gathered, it can be easy to overlook the actual wedding ceremony when budgeting. Here are some costs to keep in mind:

Marriage License: This document, which authorizes a couple to marry, can cost anywhere from $20 to $150. You can get your exact cost by calling the issuance office in the county where you plan to marry. In some states, you may be able to lower the cost by taking a marriage preparation course.

Officiant Fee: The officiant is the person who is legally authorized to perform your ceremony. It can be the minister at your church or someone who performs weddings as a full-time or side gig. Officiant fees can vary from about $250 to $800.

Ceremony Venue: Unless you exchange vows at the same location as your reception, you’ll likely have to budget a separate amount for this venue, whether it’s your church, the beach, a private garden, or a public park. The cost will depend on the location and how long you use the space. (Even if it’s a public place, you may have to pay for a permit to hold your ceremony there, or a by-the-hour rental fee.)

Churches typically ask for a “donation,” which can be a mandatory amount or pay-what-you-wish deal. Unless you’re headed to the courthouse, be prepared to pay between $300 to $1,000-plus for a ceremony venue.

Decorations: The cost of decorating for your ceremony will depend on how elaborate you want to get — and what your venue will allow. Keeping it simple with a flower arrangement at the altar could be $60 to $450. But adding ribbons and flowers to the pews, petals in the aisle, or a flowered archway can bump this portion of your floral budget to over $1,000.

Ceremony Music: You’ll likely want to have some kind of live music at your ceremony — maybe a soloist, the church organist, a quartet, or a band. The cost for music can vary significantly depending on how big you go, and can range from $200 to $400 per hour.

Reception

The reception is typically the largest wedding expense and can include several subcategories — from food and entertainment to decorations and, of course, the cost of renting the venue where guests will gather to celebrate. According to WeddingCalculator.com, the average reception ranges from $4,000 to $20,000.

Some all-inclusive venues charge one price for catering, decorations, and more. If you have to hire multiple vendors, though, you’ll need to keep these separate costs in mind:

Venue: Depending on the size and location of the hall, country club, restaurant, etc., you can expect to pay $2,500 to $7,500 just to rent the space for your party.

Catering: The cost of feeding your guests will depend on what you serve (appetizers or a full meal) and how it’s served (buffet or by a waitstaff). Costs generally range from $30 to $80 per guest. You may have to pay extra to rent serving equipment or pay waitstaff at some venues.

Drinks: If you decide to offer an open bar with unlimited alcoholic beverages, you can expect to pay $10 to $20 per person per hour, or more.

Entertainment: Couples often argue over whether to hire a DJ or band — and cost can be the deciding factor. A DJ might charge $450 to $1,250, depending on their popularity, equipment, and how long they’re expected to keep the party going. A live band generally charges a bit more, from $750 to $1,500 for about two hours. (You may have to pay more if you have to rent sound or lighting equipment.)

Decorations: If you decide to add decorations to the venue (with ribbons, confetti, balloons, etc.), you will likely have to pay extra — from $100 to $1,000. A floral centerpiece for each table might incur a separate cost, so it’s important to be clear about what’s included in your package.

Recommended: Wedding Gift Etiquette

Wedding Cake

The cake you choose for your wedding is about much more than dessert. Cutting the cake is a fun tradition and it can be a great photo opp. Design, size, the number of tiers, and delivery can all impact the cost, but plan to pay $3 to $8 per person. The average cost of a cake is about $500.

Photographer/Videographer

If you’re hoping to capture the best moments of your wedding, you may want to make the photographer, and maybe videographer, one of your budget priorities. Depending on the package you choose, you can expect to pay from $1,500 to $3,000 for wedding photos. A videographer can cost $1,000 to $2,500.

Flowers

We covered the cost of using flowers to decorate for the ceremony and reception above. Here are some other costs to consider:

Bridal Bouquet: The bride’s flowers are in the spotlight throughout the day — in photos, during the ceremony, and even at the reception. For the bouquet of your dreams, you can expect to pay anywhere from $50 to $350.

Boutonnieres for the Guys: If the groom will be wearing a suit or tux, a boutonniere is almost a must, and it will run from $10 to $50. Multiply that price by the number of men in the wedding party if Dad and the other guys will get them, too.

Bridesmaids Bouquets: These smaller bouquets typically cost $25 to $100 each.

Corsages: Corsages, which can be a nice way to recognize special family members and friends, may cost $15 to $30 each.

Petals for Flower Girl: A bundle of rose petals for the flower girl to scatter can cost $20 to $25.

Bride’s Wedding Outfit

The bride’s ’fit — the dress, veil, shoes, jewelry, and more — often takes up a significant amount of the wedding budget. The bride’s wedding dress alone can cost, on average, $1,000 to $4,000. And that’s before alterations (typically $125 to $250).

Groom’s Wedding Outfit

The groom’s gear generally reflects the formality of the wedding, but most men still wear a tux or suit. Purchasing a new tux can cost $500 to $1,000. And tailoring may cost extra. Renting a tux can cost $200 or more.

Wedding Party Costs

Traditionally, members of the wedding party pay for their own outfits, but there may be other expenses you decide to cover if you want to help out with the cost of being in your wedding.

For example, if you’re hiring someone to do the bride’s hair and makeup (average cost: $300), and you choose to include the bridesmaids, you can expect to pay about $150 per person. As with most wedding-day costs, however, you’ll likely encounter a wide range of prices.

Transportation

If you and your wedding party hope to travel in style on your wedding day, you want to look into renting a limo, horse-drawn carriage, party bus, or some other type of transportation. Couples spend an average of $750 for wedding day transportation, but costs will vary based on location, how many vehicles you need, and how many hours you need them.

Wedding Insurance

Once you start budgeting for your wedding, you may decide it makes sense to purchase insurance to protect your investment. Wedding insurance can cover you for several worse-case scenarios. The cost of this type of special-event coverage depends on what you decide to include in your policy. The average cost of a wedding insurance policy is $275.

Total Wedding Cost Example

Until you start making calls and getting price quotes, it will be challenging to get even a rough estimate of how much your wedding will cost in total. But the sooner you start filling in some of the blanks on your budget, the sooner you’ll be able to prioritize where you want your money to go — and get a better idea of what the final bill will be.

Here’s an example of what a couple with a budget of $14,000 and a guest list of 50 might come up with.

Cost

 Percent of Budget
Invitations $420 3%
Ceremony: $560 4%
Ceremony Venue $310
Officiant Fee $250
Reception: $6,020 43%
Venue with Wine Bar $3,000
Buffet Dinner $2,220
DJ with Equipment $800
Bride’s Costs: $1,820 13%
Dress $1,070
Alterations $100
Shoes $200
Jewelry $200
Hair & Makeup $250
Groom’s Tuxedo Rental with Shoes & Tie $420 3%
Cake $560 4%
Flowers: $2,100 15%
Bride’s Bouquet $300
Bridesmaids’ Bouquets (2) $200
Boutonnieres for Wedding Party (5) $100
Corsages for Family (6) $200
Flowers for Ceremony & Reception $1,300
Photos $1,540 11%
Limo Rental $560 4%

How to Save Money on Your Wedding

How can you keep your dream wedding from totaling up to a nightmare cost? Here are a few ways to lower the bottom line:

Ask Friends and Family for Help

Do you know someone who’s great at taking photos? Is your cousin an amazing singer? What about a friend who’s a talented baker and cake decorator? If you can find people you trust to take the place of pricier pros, you may be able to reduce some costs — or avoid them entirely.

Eliminate Some of the Extras

If you can do your own hair and makeup, get yourself to the wedding, and/or design and print your own invitations (or go paperless), you may be able to cut some costs without asking for help.

Downsize the Guest List

This can be a tough one, but trimming your guest list is a sure way to trim costs. Consider asking your friends to leave their kids at home, or gently telling your guests that you’re keeping the plus-ones to a minimum.

Go Off the Beaten Path

Choosing an off-peak wedding date; an unusual (and therefore more affordable), wedding venue; or a wedding dress from a department store or consignment shop can save you big bucks.

Recommended: Free Credit Score Monitoring

The Takeaway

Wedding costs can get out of hand quickly, so it’s a good idea to start your planning with a realistic budget. Then, as you go through the planning process, you can use your budget tracker to stay on top of your actual costs — and stay in sync with your other financial goals. In our example above, wedding costs totaled $14,000 for an event with 50 guests. That number covered the invitations, ceremony, reception with wine bar and buffet dinner, DJ, flowers, cake, and the bride’s and groom’s formalwear.

With SoFi’s money tracker app, you can set budgets, categorize your spending, monitor your credit score, and keep an eye on any upcoming bills — all for free.

Say “I do” to SoFi for help planning and tracking your wedding budget.

FAQ

What is a realistic budget for a wedding?

A realistic wedding budget will be different for every couple. The average wedding cost is about $29,000, but that amount can vary significantly depending on the size of the wedding, the location, and other factors.

Is $10,000 a reasonable wedding budget?

You may have to be pickier about splurges than a couple with more to spend, but by setting your priorities early and using a budget tracker, you can get a strong start on sticking to your $10,000 wedding goal.

How do I pay for a wedding I can’t afford?

There are a few different ways you can pay for a wedding if you don’t have enough cash in the bank. One popular option is to take out a personal loan to pay for wedding expenses. Another is to apply for a credit card with a 0% introductory interest rate, which will allow you to pay off the balance interest-free for up to 18 months. Or you might consider waiting until you’ve saved enough to pay all your costs without borrowing.

Photo credit: iStock/Arisara_Tongdonnoi

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Feb
15
2023
Options Chain: Definition & How to Read an Options Chain

Options Chain: Definition & How to Read an Options Chain

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on Options Chain: Definition & How to Read an Options Chain

An options chain is like a menu of all the available options contracts for a specific security. The options chain, or options matrix, shows the listed puts, calls, the expiration dates, strike prices, and volume and pricing information for the underlying asset, within a given maturity.

An options chain provides detailed quote and price information, and is usually divided into calls vs. puts and categorized by expiration date.

Understanding the Options Chain

To understand what an options chain is, you first need to understand how options trading works. With this knowledge, you can build options trading strategies and attempt to profit in the market.

Options may allow you to profit on movements in the price of an underlying asset that you don’t own directly, by giving you the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a stock or other asset at a certain price (the strike price) at a certain date in the future (expiration date). But options trading strategies can be quite risky and are typically undertaken by experienced investors.

While options can get quite complex, there are basically two kinds of options: calls vs. puts.

Calls are options that allow you to buy a stock at a preset price (the strike price) until some point in the future (the expiration date), while puts give you the ability to sell an option at a specific price until the expiration.

Call Options

A call option is a contract that typically allows an investor to buy 100 shares of an underlying stock or other security at the strike price. A call option can be appealing because it gives an investor a potential way to profit from a stock’s increase in price without having to pay the full price for 100 shares.

The investor pays what’s known in options terminology as the “premium” on each share, which is typically much less than the current price of the stock.

Put Options

By contrast, a put option is a contract that allows the investor to sell shares at a certain price at a specified time in the future. The seller of the put option has the obligation to buy the shares from the put buyer, if the put buyer chooses to exercise the option.

If call options are a way to profit from a stock going up in price without having to own the stock itself, then put options are a way to profit from the fall of a stock’s price without having to short the stock (i.e. borrow the shares and then buy them back at a lower price).

In-the-Money and Out-of-the-Money Options

Options can be “in the money” (ITM) or “out of the money” (OTM). The terms refer to the relationship between the options strike price and the market value of the underlying asset.

Knowing the difference between being in or out of the money allows the options holder to gauge whether they might see a profit from their option, and to decide if and when to exercise the option.

•   A call option would be in the money if the strike price was lower than the current market price of the underlying security. An investor holding such a contract could exercise the option to buy the security at a discount and sell it for a profit right away.

•   An out-of-the-money call option would be when you purchase an options contract that would allow you to buy a stock at a price higher than it is trading at right now. That means the option doesn’t have any intrinsic value. Any value the option has is based on the possibility that the price of the underlying security will go up in the future.

The reverse applies to puts. A put would be in the money if the strike price is higher than the current market price of the underlying security, and out of the money if the strike price is lower.

What Is an Options Chain?

Option chains are basically charts that list different options and the information that differentiates them. The options chain can vary, depending on who is providing it, but some of the terms can include:

•   the strike price

•   last price

•   trading volume

•   the bid

•   the ask

•   net change

Once you understand basic options concepts like calls vs. puts, an options chain will be pretty easy to read.

Then you can move on to more complicated options trading strategies like options trading straddles.

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.

*Check out the OCC Options Disclosure Document.

Options Chain Example

Here is a hypothetical example of an options chain for Company ABC.

Calls for January 27, 2023

Contract name

 Last Trade Date

 Strike

 Last Price

 Bid

 Ask

 Change

 Volume

 Open Interest
ABC230127C00240000 2022-12-16 3:37PM EST 240.00 15.22 12.95 15.00 -2.58 15 54
ABC230127C00245000 2022-12-16 3:53PM EST 245.00 11.00 9.10 12.15 -3.33 68 111
ABC230127C00250000 2022-12-16 3:59PM EST 250.00 8.80 8.20 10.80 -2.55 96 175

Options chains aren’t standardized, so your options chain provider may include more or less information.

Additional information could include more detail on price fluctuations, such as percentage price changes. Some sites include information on the characteristics of the option itself, such as implied volatility.

Reading the Options Chain

Once you understand the terms listed in the options chain, it’s relatively easy to decode. Reading from left to right in the hypothetical options chain above:

•   Contract name: Just as the fictional ABC company has a stock ticker, options have an alphanumeric identifier. For instance, “ABC230127C00240000” refers to an option to buy ABC shares by January 27, 2023 for $240. In other words, this is a call option with a strike price of $240 that expires on January 27, 2023.

•   Last trade date: The date and time when the option was last traded.

•   Strike: The price at which the option may be bought (calls) or sold (puts) before the expiration date.

•   Last price: The most recently traded or posted price of the option.

•   Bid: The highest price someone is willing to pay for the option.

•   Ask: The lowest price someone is willing to sell the option.

•   Change: How the price has changed since the close of the previous trading session.

•   Volume: The number of options contracts traded the most recent day that trading has been open.

•   Open interest: These are the options contracts that haven’t been closed — meaning exercised (i.e. the stock has been bought or sold at the pre-arranged price) or otherwise settled.

How Options Chains Can Help You Trade Options

Options chains are a key tool in trading options. How they directly lead to options trading depends on how the specific brokerage you use utilize options chains, and how certain factors might fit into a trader’s overall strategy.

For example, an experienced trader would be able to gauge the market in terms of price movements and higher and lower liquidity. These are key points to know for efficient trade executions and potential profitability.

For example, a trader wanting to assess market conditions for the first call option in the matrix above, might consider the last price, the bid, ask, and net change.

Any brokerage that allows you to trade options will provide the type of information seen in an options chain, as it is necessary for options to be priced and for investors and traders to make informed decisions about options trading.

Brokerages typically also have various deposit and educational or knowledge requirements for options trading as well.

The Takeaway

Options are highly complex derivatives, and investors need to be skilled and experienced enough to digest a series of critical data points in order to have an effective options strategy. One tool that can be effective for traders is using an options chain, or options matrix.

An options chain is similar to a master list of available options contracts for a specific security (the underlying). It shows the puts, calls, expiration dates, strike prices, and volume and pricing information for the underlying asset. By reading these charts, traders can decide which options fit their strategy.

If you’re ready to try your hand at options trading, SoFi can help. You can trade options online from the SoFi mobile app or through the web platform. And if you have any questions, SoFi offers educational resources about options to learn more.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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Feb
15
2023
Guide to Moneyness in Options

Guide to Moneyness in Options

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing | Comments Off on Guide to Moneyness in Options

When you’re talking about moneyness in options, certain phrases capture where the strike price is in relation to the current price of the underlying asset.

Options are either in-the-money (ITM), out-of-the-money (OTM), at-the-money (ATM), or near-the-money. You can also have options that are deep-in-the-money or far-out-of-the-money.

Generally, a call option is in-the-money when the strike price is below the underlying asset price while a put is ITM when the strike price is above the underlying asset price. You flip the relationship for out-of-the-money options: an OTM call’s strike price is above the underlying stock price while an OTM put’s strike price is below the stock price.

What Is Moneyness?

The moneyness of an option describes the relationship between the strike price of an options contract and the price of the underlying shares. To explain the strike price: it refers to the price at which an investor can buy or sell a derivative contract.

Option moneyness can change depending on how the stock price moves. For example, a call option can be out-of-the-money one day, but then a share price appreciation can result in that same call turning in-the-money the next day.

Moneyness may also change on a minute-by-minute basis depending on the price fluctuations in the underlying stock.

Moneyness of options can be used to construct your options trading strategy — e.g. going long or short options, purchasing puts or calls, and executing more sophisticated options strategies.

Recommended: How to Trade Stock Options

How Does Moneyness Work?

Understanding the moneyness of an option is important for different core options trading strategies. As explained earlier, moneyness works by comparing the strike price of an option to the market price of the underlying shares.

Because options are complex, it’s also important to know options terminology.

•   An in-the-money (ITM) option has intrinsic value and time value.

•   An out-of-the-money (OTM) option only has time value, and thus is worthless if exercised.

•   OTM options have zero intrinsic value and thus are cheaper than in-the-money options.

•   At-the-money (ATM) options are rare since it might only occur for a moment when the stock price equals a specific strike price — near-the-money options are more common.

•   A near-the-money option has a strike closest to the underlying share price on an options chain.

Practically speaking, if you are very bullish on a stock, you might consider purchasing out-of-the-money call options since those would appreciate the most on a percentage basis if there is a sharp share price rise. They also drop the most if the price moves against you.

If you expect just a small move on a stock, in-the-money options are probably the better play. And due to the leverage in options ITM will provide higher returns/losses than available by purchasing the underlying stock.

The deeper in-the-money an option is, the greater the sensitivity it will have to movements in the underlying shares.

Understanding Intrinsic and Time Value of Options

What’s the difference between intrinsic value and time value? It’s important to understand how these two factors play into the value of options.

The intrinsic value of an in-the money call option is simply the price of the stock less the strike price of the option. The intrinsic value of an in-the money put is the strike price of the option less the price of the stock.

The difference between the intrinsic value and the actual current price of the option is time value. Options that are in the money always have intrinsic value. Out-of-the-money options have no intrinsic value, but they might have time value.

The drivers of time value are complex and include many factors. If you’re looking for more information, you should consider learning about the option Greeks to inform your trading strategy.

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.

*Check out the OCC Options Disclosure Document.

Types of Moneyness

An option can be categorized in four common ways with respect to the relationship with its strike price and underlying share price: in-the-money, out-of-the-money, at-the-money, and near-the-money. Understanding how option pricing works between in-the-money vs. out-of-the-money options is important.

In-the-Money (ITM)

In-the-money options are those that have intrinsic value. For a call option, that means the underlying stock price is above the option’s strike price. A put option is in-the-money when the stock price is below the strike price.

If a call option is in-the-money, you can exercise the option, receive shares at the strike price, then immediately sell the shares in the market. In-the-money puts allow the option holder to sell a stock at a higher price compared to the market price of the security. Long calls are usually used to place bullish bets on a stock while long puts are generally used when a trader is bearish.

In-the-money options, while having intrinsic value, also have a degree of time value. It is often advantageous for an options trader to exit the trade in the market rather than exercising immediately.

Options that can be exercised at any time before expiration are known as American Style options. Options that can only be exercised upon expiration are European Style. There are other differences between American and European options but the different exercise options are most relevant to this discussion.

Out-of-the-Money (OTM)

An out-of-the-money call option is one in which the strike price is above the underlying stock price. The owner of a call option hopes that the share price rises prior to expiration so that the option has intrinsic value. The seller of a call option benefits when the underlying stock price remains below the exercise price so they can keep the premium they collected when they sold to open the call.

Puts are out-of-the-money when the strike price is below the market price of the underlying shares. The owner of puts is bearish on the stock, so they want the stock to fall below the strike price so that the puts become in-the-money. Put sellers, who are neutral to bullish on the stock, hope the share price stays above the exercise price.

Out-of-the-money options do not have intrinsic value. Their premium is made up of time value only. Out-of-the-money options generally have lower premiums than in-the-money and at-the-money options since they are more likely to expire worthless.

At-the-Money (ATM)

At-the-money puts and calls have strike prices that are the same as the market price of the underlying stock. These options, like out-of-the-money options, have no intrinsic value. At-the-money options are usually more expensive than out-of-the-money options, but less expensive than in-the-money options.

This type of option moneyness means that calls and puts are heavily influenced by volatility and time decay.

Near-the-Money

Near-the-money options have strike prices that are very close to the market price of the underlying stock, so they are just slightly in-the-money or out-of-the-money.

Near-the-money options are much more common than at-the-money options since the stock price is rarely precisely at a specific strike price. Near-the-money strikes are used when a trader wants exposure to an at-the-money option that is not available in the market.

Other Moneyness Terms

Other terms for moneyness include deep-in-the-money and far-out-of-the-money. These terms have no real qualitative difference between in-the-money and out-of-the-money, but are simply intensifiers. They are, however, in fairly common usage.

What Moneyness Means to Investors

Option moneyness tells a trader important information. The trader can use the moneyness of an option to help construct a trading thesis. For example, if you believe a stock price will drop substantially over a short time frame, you might consider purchasing an out-of-the-money put option since that option type and moneyness will appreciate greatly when the stock price drops in a big way.

Moneyness of options grows more crucial when you embark on more complex options strategies since multiple option legs have different moneyness — knowing the moneyness of the options strategy is critical to understanding your exposure.

Still, an option holder might exit an option by selling or covering in the market rather than exercising early so that they can capture the time value of an option in addition to any intrinsic value.

The Takeaway

Moneyness is used to describe where an option’s strike price is relative to the price of the underlying stock. It can help options traders gauge the amount of intrinsic value an option has and inform simple and complex options strategies.

A great way to get started is with SoFi’s options trading platform. The platform’s intuitive design makes it easy to use, whether you’d prefer to trade on the mobile app or through the web platform. You’ll also have access to educational resources to continue to help guiding you along the way.

Pay zero commission or contract fees when you start options trading with SoFi.

FAQ

How is moneyness calculated?

For a call option, moneyness is calculated by taking the underlying asset’s price and subtracting the option’s strike price. If that is a positive value, the call option is in-the-money. If it is a negative value, the call is out-of-the-money. The moneyness definition describes an option’s strike price relative to its underlying stock’s market price. The underlying asset price has to be above the strike price for a call to be in-the-money.

For a put option, the opposite is true: Moneyness is calculated by taking the underlying asset’s price and subtracting the option’s strike price. If that is a positive value, the put option is out-of-the-money. If it is a negative value, the put is in-the-money. The underlying asset price has to be below the strike price for a put to be in-the-money.

An at-the-money option is simple when the stock price and strike price are the same. Near-the-money options have strikes very close to the share price.

How are moneyness and delta different?

Option moneyness simply describes the price difference between a strike price and the price of the underlying asset. Delta, on the other hand, tells a trader how sensitive an option is to changes in the underlying stock.

How are moneyness and implied volatility related?

Implied volatility tends to be lowest with at-the-money options. It increases when the option moves further out-of-the-money or further in-the-money. The “volatility smile” describes the relationship between the moneyness of an option and the implied volatility.

Photo credit: iStock/AsiaVision

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.
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